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THE

HISTORY

OF THE

REBELLION,

BY

EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON.

IN EIGHT VOLUMES.

.

K .. · .' T
T'tì/J,(X E) ctel. HUCYD.

Ne quill falsi dicere audeat, ne quid veri non audeat. CICERO.

".

THE

HISTOIlY

OF THE

REBELLION AND CIVIL 'V ARS

IX

ENGI
AND

TO \\ HICII IS ADDED

AN HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE AFFAIRS OF IRELAND,

llY

ED'" ARD E.A.RL OF CLARENDON.

.

A NE'V EDITION,

EXHIBITING A FAITHFUL COLLATION OF THE ORIGINAL l\I
.,
\VITH ALL 'J.'HE SUPPRESSED PASSAGES;

ALSO

THE UNPUBLISHED NOTES OF BISHOP 'VARßURTON.

.

VOL. III.

.

OXFORD,
AT THE CLAUENDON PRESS.

JDCCCXXVI.

THE

HISTORY

OF THE

REBELLION, &c.

nOOK V. CONTINUED.

THIS declaration was no sooner published, but his ] 642.
majesty likewise set forth an answer to that other
declaration, of the t\venty-sixth of May; in which
he said, " that whosoever looked over the late re- The king's
" monstrance, entitled, A Decla1
ation qf the Lords ::::
::J
a-
" and C011Z17l0nS, of the twenty-sixth of May, would
i
'1
'
f6,
" not think that his majesty had great reason to be 1642.
" pleased with it; yet he could not but commend
"the plain dealing and ingenuity of the fralners
"and contrivers of that declaration, (which had
" been wrought in a hotter and quicker forge than
" any of the rest,) who would no longer suffer his
" majesty to be affronted by being told, they would
" make hi In a great and glorious king, whilst they
"used all possible skill to reduce him to extrell1e
" ,vant and indigency; and that they ,vould Inake
" him to be loved at home, and feared abroad, whilst
" they endeavoured, by all possible \vays, to render
" hhn odious. to his good subjects, and contenlptihle
VOI
. III. n

BOOK
v.

1642.

THE IIISTORY

" to all foreign princes; hut, like round dealing Inen,
" told him, in plain English, that they had done hiln
" no wrong, hecause he ""as not capable of recei ving
" any; and that they had taken nothing from hin1,
" because he had never any thing of his o\vn to lose.
" If that doctrine \vere true, and that indeed he
" ought to he of no other consideration, than they
" had informed his people in that declaration, that
"gentlelnan was Inuch Inore excusable, that said
" publicly, unreproved, that the happiness of the
" kingdoln did not depend on his majesty, or upon
" any of the royal branches of that root: and the
" other, \v ho said., his majesty ,vas not worthy to be
" king of England: language very monstrous to be
"allo\ved by either house of parlianlent; and. of
" which, by the help of God., and the hnv
he lTIUSt
" have SOUle exan1ination. But, he doubted not, all
" his good subjects did now plainly discern, through
" the lnask and vizard of their hypocrisy, what their
" design \vas; and ,vould no 1110re look upon the
" fran1ers and contrivers of that declaration, as upon
" both houses of parliament, (\vhose freedolll and
" just privileges he ,vould ahvays lnaintain; and in
" 'v hose behalf, he \vas as n1uch scandalized as for
" hin1self,) but as a faction of malignant, and a schis-
" n1atical, and an1hitious persons; "rhose design was,
Hand ahvays had been, to alter the ,vhole fran1e of
" governlnent, both of church and state; and to sub-
" ject both king anù people to their own la\vless, ar-
" bitrary po\ver and governrncnt: of \vhose persons,
" and of \vhose designs, h his n1ajesty said, he ,vouId,
" \vithin a very short tinlc, give his good suhjects,

a and] Not in 1118.

b designs,) design,

OF THE nEBEJ
J.JIO
.

" and the world, a full, and, he hoped, a satisfactory
" narration.
" The contrivers and pennel'S of that declaration
" (of ,vhom his n1ajesty ,vould be only understood to
" speak, when he mentioned any of their undutiful
" acts against hinl) said, that the great affairs of the
" kingdom, and the 111iserable bleeding condition of
" Ireland, C would afford thelTI little leisure to spend
"their till1e in declarations, ans,vers, and replies.
" Indeed, his majesty said, the l11iserable and eJeplo-
"rable condition of both kingdoms would require
" somewhat else at their hands: but he would glad-

" Iy know how they had spent their time since the
" recess, (then almost eight months,) but in declara-
"tions, rell1onstrances, and invectives against his
" majesty and his government; or in preparing nlat-
" ter for them. Had his ll1ajesty invited then1 to
" any such expense of time, by beginning arguments
" of that nature? Their leisure, or their inclination,
"was not as they pretended: and what was their
" printing and. publishing their petitions to hin1;
" their declarations and remonstrances of him; their
"odious votes and resolutions, sometin1es of one,
"sometimes of both houses, against his l11ajesty,
" (never in that ll1a.nner cOlnmunicated before this
" parliament,) but an appeal to the people? And, in
" God's name, let then1 judge of the persons they
" had trusted.
" Their first qua
rel ,vas (as it was always, to let
" them into their frank expressions of his nlajesty,
"and his actions) against the malignant party;
" \VhOnl they ,vere pleased still to call, and never

C of Ireland,] of the kingdom of Ireland,
n2

3

BOOK
v.

1642.

HOOK
v.

1642.

4

THE HISTORY

" to prove to be, his evil counsellors. But indeed
" nothing was more evident, by their whole proceed-
" ings, than that, by the malignant party, they in-
" tended all the me III bel's of both houses who agreed
" not with thelU in their opinion, (thence had COlne
" their distinction of good and bad lords; of per-
" sons ill affected to d the house of C0111ffiOnS; who
"had been proscribed, and their names listed, and
" read in tUlnults,) and all the persons of the king-
" dOIU 'v ho approve not of their actions. So that,
" if in truth they would be ingenuous, and nan1e the
"persons they intended; ,vho ,vonld be the n1en,
" upon ,vhom the iInputation of malignity,vould
" be cast, but they who had stood stoutJy and im-
" mutably for the religion, the liberties, the laws, for
" all public interest; (so long as there was any to be
" stood for;) they, who had always been, and still
" were, as zealous professors, and some of then1 as
" able, and earnest defenders of the protestant doc-
"trine against the church of Rome, as any ,vere ;
" who had often and earnestly besought llis majesty
" to consent, that no indifferent and unnecessary ce-
" remony might be pressed upon weak and tender
" consciences, and that he ,vould agree to a bill for
"that purpose? They to whose ,visdom, courage,
"and counsel, the kingdom owed. as 111uch as it
" could to subjects; and upon whose unblemished
" lives envy itself could lay no imputation; nor en-
" deavoured to lay any, until their virtues brought
" them to his majesty's kno,vledge and favour? His
" lnajesty said, if the contrivers of that declaration
" ,vould be faithful to then1selves, and consider all

d to] of

OF THE REBELLION.

" those persons of both houses, whom they, in their
" o,vn consciences, knew to dissent from them in the
" matter and language of that declaration, and in all
" those undutiful actions, of ,vhich he complained,
" theye ,vould be found in honour, fortune, wisdom,
" reputation, and weight, if not in nun1ber, much su-
" perior to thenl. So much for the evil counsellors.
" Then ,vhat was the evil counsel itself? His ma-
" jesty's coming from London (where he, and many,
" whose affections to him ,vere very eminent, were
" in danger every day to be torn in pieces) to York;
" where his majesty, and all such as would put them-
" selves under his protection, might live, he thanked
" God and the loyalty and affection of that good
" people, very securely: his not submitting hÏ111self
"absolutely (and renouncing his own und.erstand-
" ing) to the votes and resolutions of the contrivers
" of that declaration, when they told his majesty,
" that they were above him; and might, by his own
" authority, d.o with his luajesty what they pleased:
" and his not being contented, that all his good sub-
" jects' lives and fortunes should be disposed of by
" their votes; but by the known law of the land.
" This was the evil counsel give
, and taken: and
" would not all men believe, there needed much
" po\ver and skill of the malignant party, to infuse
" that counsel into him? And then, to apply the
" argument the contrivers of that declaration made
" for themselves, was it probable, or possible, that
" such men, whom his majesty had mentioned, (who
" must have so great a share in the misery,) should
"take such pains in the procuring thereof; and

e they] and they
nS

5

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 64
.

6

l.'HE HIS'rOltY

"spend so nluch time, and run so Inany hazards,
"to nlake then1selves slaves, and to ruin the free-
" dom of this nation?
" His lnajesty said, ("Tith a clear and upright con-
"science to God Almighty,) whosoever harboured
" the least thought in his breast, of ruining or vio-
" lating the public liberty, or religion of the king-
" don1, or the just freedom and privilege of parlia-
" lllent, let hinl ue accursed; and. he should be no
" counsellor of his, that \vould not say.Anlell. For
" the contrivers of that declaration, he had not said
" any thing, \vhich l11ight Ílnply any inclination in
"then1 to be slaves. That \vhich he had charged
" theln \vith, \vas invading f the public liberty; and
" his presumption might ue very strong and vehe-
" Inent, that, though they had no 111ind to be slaves,
h they \vere not un\\7illing to be tyrants: 'v hat is ty-
"ranny, out to admit no rules to govern by, but
"their o\vn wills? And they kne\v the nlisery of
" Athens was at the highest, when it suffered under
" the thirty tyrants.
"His majesty said, if that declaration had told
" him, (as indeed it Inight, and as in justice it ought
"to have done,) that the precedents of any of his
" ancestors did fall short, and much below \vhat had
"been done by him, this parlialnent, in point of
"grace and favour to his people; he should not
"other\vise have \vondered at it, than at such a
" truth, in such a place. But ,vhen, to justify their
" having d.one more than ever their predecessors did,
" it told his good subjects, (as ll10St injuriously and

r That which he had charged which he had charged them was
them with, was in\.ading] That with invading

OF THE REBELLION.

, insolently it did,) that the highest and most un-
" \ValTantable precedents of any of his predecessors
"did fall short, and. much belo,v what had been
"done to then1 this parlianlent by hiln, he must
"confess hinlself anlazed, and not able to under-
"stand. theln; and he must tell those ungrateful
" men, (\vho durst tell their king, that they might,
" ,vithout \vant of modesty and duty, depose hiln,)
" that the condition of his subjects, \vhen, by what-
" soever accidents and conj unctures of tilne, it ""
as
" at worst under his po\ver, unto \vhich, by no de-
" fa.ult of his, they should be ever again reduced,
" ,vas, by nlany degrees, more pleasant and happy,
"than that to \vhich their furious pretence of re-
" forll1ation had brought thenl. Neither ,vas his
" Inajesty afraid of the highest precedents of other
" parliatnents, \vhich those l11en boldly (his good sub-
"jects would call it worse) told hin1 they might,
" \vithout \vant of Inodesty or duty, make their pat-
"terns. If he had no other security against those
" precedents, but their modesty and duty, he was in
" a n1iserable condition, as all persons \vonld be ,vho
" depended upon them.
" 'rhat declaration ,vould not allo\v his inference,
" that, by avowing the act of sir John Hothanl, they
" did destroy the title and interest of all his sub-
"jects to their lands and goods; but confessed, if
" they \vere found guilty of that charge, it "rere in-
" deed. a very great crime. And did they not, in that
" declaration, adn1it thenlselves guilty of that ,rery
" crime? Did they not say, \Vho doubts but that a
" parliaillent may dispose of any thing, wherein his
" majesty, or his suhjects, had a right, in such a
" \vay as that the kingdonl might not Le in danger
n4

1

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

8

r.rHE HISTORY

" thereby? Did they not then call themselves this
" parlianlent, and challenge that power without his
" consent? Did they not extend that po,ver to all
" cases, where the necessity or conUllon good of the
" kingdon1 ,vas concerned? And did they not arro..
"gate to themselves alone, the judglnent of that
" danger, that necessity, and that COllllTIOn good of
" the kingdonl? ",That \\
as, if that were not, to un-
" settle the security of all men's estates; and to ex-
" pose thenl to an arbitrary po\\rer of their own? If
" a faction should at any tÍ1ne by cunning, or force,
" or absence, or accident, prevail over a major part
" of both houses; and pretend that there ,vere evil
"counsellors,!; a nlalignant party about the king;
,- by ,vhom the religion and liberty of the kingdom
" ,vere both in danger, (this they might d.o, they had
" done it then,) they might take away, be it from
" the king, or people, whatsoever they in their judg-
"ments should think fit. This was lawful; they
" had declared it so: let the world judge, whether
" his ll1ajesty had charged them unjustly; and. whe..
"ther they were not guilty of the crinle, which
" thenlsel ves confessed (being proved) ,vas a great
" one; and how safely his nlajesty lnight cOlllmit
" the po,ver, those people desired, into their hands;
" who, in all probability, ,vould be no sooner pos..
" sessed of it, than they ,vould revive that tragedy,
"which 1\11'. Hooker related of the anabaptists in
" Germany; who, talking of nothing but faith, and
" of the true fear of God, and that riches and ho-
" nour were vanity; at first, upon the great opinion

g evil counsellors,] The re- majesty is in the hall(lwriting of
mainder of thiJ answer of his lord Clarendon's amanuensis.

OF 'rHE REBELLION.

" of their humility, zeal, and devotion, procured
" much reverence and estimation with the people;
" after, finding how Inany persons they had ensnared
"with their hypocrisy, they begun to propose to
" thenlselves to reform both the ecclesiastical and
" civil government of the state: then, because pos-
" sibly they might meet with some opposition, they
" secretly entered into a league of association; and
" shortly after, finding the po,ver they had gotten
"with the credulous people, enriched thelnselves
" with all kind of spoil and pillage; and justified
" themselves upon our Saviour's promise, The 1neek
" shall inherit the eartlt; and declared their title
" was the same which the righteous Israelites had to
" the goods of the \vicked Egyptians: his majesty
" said, this story ,vas worth the reading at large, and
" needed no application.
" But his majesty might by no means say, that
" he had the same title to his town of HuH, and
" the ammunition there, as any of his subjects had
" to their land or nloney: that \vas a principle, that
"pulled up the foundation of the liberty and pro-
" pelty of every subject. 'Vhy? because the king's
"property in his towns, and in his goods bought
" \vith the public money, as they conceive his ma-
" gazine at Hull to be, was inconsistent with the
" subjects' property in their lands, goods, and liberty.
"Did those men think, that as they assumed a
" po\ver of declaring law, (and. whatsoever contra-
" dieted that declaration broke their privileges,) so
" that they had. a power of declaring sense and rea-
"son, and imposing logic and syllogisnls on the
" schools, as well as law upon the people? Did not
" all mankind know that several men D1ight have

9

BOOK
v.

] 642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

10

THE I-IIS1-'ORY

" several rights and interests in the self-sanIe house
"and land, and yet neither destroy the other?
" "r as not the interest of the lord paranlount con-
" sistent ,vith that of the mesne lord; and his ,vith
" that of the tenant; and yet their properties or in-
"terests not at all confounded? And why might
" not his majesty then have a full, lawful interest
" and property in his to\vn of I-I ull, and yet his sub-
" jects h have a property in their houses too? But
"he could not sell, or give a,vay, at his pleasure,
" this to,vn and fort, as a private nlan nlight do his
" lands or goods. "That then? Many men have no
" authority to let or set their leases, or sell their
" land; have they therefore no title to thenl, or in-
"terest in them? l\lay they be taken froln them,
" because they cannot sell them? lIe said, the pur-
" pose of his journey to Hull ,vas neither to sell, or
" give it a\vay.
" But for the nlagazine, the munition there, that
" he bought with his o\vn money, he Inight surely
"have sold that, lent, or given it a,vay . No; he
" bought it \vith the public money, and the proof
"is, they conceive it so; and, upon that conceit,
" had voted, that it should be taken from hinl. Ex-
" cellent justice! Suppose his majesty had kept that
" money by hinI, and not bought arms ,vith it, ,vould
" they have taken it fro111 him upon that conceit:
" nay, nIight they not, ,vheresoever that money ,vas,
" (for through ho\v 111any hands soever it hath passed,
" it is the public Inoney still, if ever it ,verc,) seize
" it, and take it fronl the o,\Tncrs? But the to,vns,
" forts, Inagazine, and kingdorn, is intrusted to his

h subjects] subject

OF 'rHE I{EBELLIO:S.

" lllajesty; and he is a person trusted. His majesty
" said, he was so; God, and the law, had trusted him;
" and he had taken an oath to discharge that trust,
"for the good and safety of the people. "That
" oaths they had taken, he knew not, unless those,
" which, in that violence, they had manifestly, mali-
" ciously violated. Might any thing be taken fronl
" a Inan, because he is trusted ,vith it ? Nay, may
" the person hiIllself take away the thing he trusts,
" when he will, and in what manner he ,vill? The
" la\v had been otherwise, and, he believed, ,vould
" be so held, notwithstanding their declarations.
" But that trust ought to be managed by their
"advice, and the kingdom had trusted them for
"that purpose. Impossible, that the same trust
" should be irrecoverably committed to his majesty,
H and his heirs for ever, and the same trust, and a

'power above that trust, (for so was the po\ver

, they pretended,) be conlmitted to others. Did not
" the people, that sent them, look upon then1 as a
" hody but telnporary, and dissolvable i at his ma-
"jesty's pleasure? And could it be believed, that
" they intended them for his guardians and con-
u trollers in the managing of that trust, which God,
" and the law, had granted to him, and to his pos-
" tcrity for ever ? "That the extent of the cOlnnlis-
"sion and trust was, nothing could better teach
" them than the writ, whereby they are nIet. His
" majesty said, he called them (and without that call

, they could not have COlue together) to be his coun-
"sellors, not con1manders, (for, however they fre-
" quently confounded theIn, the offices were several,)

i dis5o)vable] dissoluble

11

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

l

THE HISTORY

"and counsellors not in all things, but in some
"things, lie quibllSflaJJl nrduis, &c. And they
"would easily find among their precedents, that
" queen Elizabeth, upon whose time all good men
" looked \vith reverence, con1n1Ïtted one 'Ventworth,
" a melnber of the bouse of con1mons, to the Tower,
"sitting the house, but for proposing that, they
" Inight advise the queen in a Inatter she thought
" they had nothing to do to meddle in. But his
" n1ajesty is trusted: and is he the only person
" trusted? And might they do \vhat their own in-
" clination and fury led k them to? \Vere they not
"trusted by his majesty, when he first sent for
" them; and were they not trusted by hin1, \vhen
"he passed them his promise, that he ,vould not
" dissolve them? Could it be presun1cd, (and pre-
" sumptions go far with then},) that he trusted them
" with a po\ver to destroy himself, and to dissolve
"his government and authority? If the people
" might be aIlo\ved to make an equitable construc-
" tion of the la\vs and statutes, a doctrine avowed
" by them, ,,'ould not all his good subjects swear, he
" never intended by that act of continuance, that
" they should do ,vhat they have since done? "T ere
" they not trustcd by those that sent them? And
"\vere they trusted to alter the government of
"church and state; and to make themselves per-
" petual dictators over the king and people? Did
" they intend, that the la\v itself should be subject
" to their votes; and that whatsoever they said, or ..
" did, should be la\vful, because they declared it so?
" The oaths they had taken \vho sent thelu, and with..

k led] bended

OF 'rHE REBELLION.

13

" out taking which, themselves were not capable of
" their place in parliainent, made the one] incapable
" of giving, and the other of receiving such a trust;
" unless they could persuade his good subjects, that
" his majesty is the only supreme head and governor
" in all causes, and over all persons, within his do-
" minions; and yet that they had a power over him
" to constrain him to lllanage his trust, and govern
" his power, according to their discretion.
" The contrivers of that declaration told his ma-
" jesty, that they ,vould never allow hiln (an humble
" and dutiful expression) to be judge of the law;
" that belonged only to then1; they nlÎght, and must,
"judge and declare. His majesty said, they all
" knew what po\ver the pope, under pretence of in-
" terpreting scriptures, and declaring articles of faith,
"though he decline the making the one or the
"other, had usurped over men's consciences; and
" that, under colour of having po\ver of ordering all
" things for the good of men's souls, he entitles him-
" self to all the kingdoms of the world: he would
"not accuse the framers of that declaration, (how
" bold soever they were with his majesty,) that they
" inclined to popery, of which another maxiln was,
" that all men must submit their reason and under-
" standing, and the scripture itself, to that declaring
" power of his: neither ,vould he tell them, though
" they had told hin1 so, that they use the very lan-
" guage of the rebels of Ireland: and yet they say
" those rebels declare, that whatsoever they do is for
" the gòod of the king and kingdo111. But hism
h good subjects would easily put the case to thenl-

1 the one] thCIll

m his] a

BOOK
v.
I G--I2.

BOOK
v.
1642.

14

TIlE HISTOIl Y

" selves, whether if the. papists in Ireland in truth n
" were, or, by art or accident, had made themselves
" the major part of both houses of parliament there;
" and had pretended the trust in that declaration
" from the kingdonl of Ireland; thereupon had voted
" their religion and liherty to be in danger of extir-
" pation frolll a lnalignant party of protestants and
" puritans; and therefore, that they would put them-
" selves into a posture of defence; that the forts and
"the militia of that kingdolll \vere to be put into
" the hands of such persons, as they could confide
" in; that his majesty was indeed trusted with the
" to\vns, forts, magazines, treasures, offices, and peo-
" pIe of the kingdom, for the good, safety, and best
" advantage thereof; but as his trust is for the use
" of the kingdoIn, so it ought to be managed by the
"advice of both houses of parlianlent, w h0111 the
"kingdom had trusted for that purpose, it being
" their duty to see it discharged according to the O
" condition and true intent thereof, and by all pos-
" sible means to prevent the contrary: his majesty
"said, let all his good subjects consider, if that.
" rebellion had been plotted \vith all that fornlality,
" and those cirCulnstances declared to be legal, at
" least, according to the equitahle sense of the Jaw,
" and to be for the puhlic good, and justifiable by
" necessity, of \v hich they were the only judges,
" \vhether, though they Inight have thought their
" design to be nlore cunning, they would believe it
" the more justifiable.
"Nay, let the fralllers of that declaration ask
" thelllselves, if the evil counsellors, the malignant

II truth] trust

o the] their

OF THE REBELLION.

" party, the persons ill affected, the popish lords,
" and their adherents, should prove no\v, or here-
" after, to be a Inajor part of both houses, (for it had
"been declared, that a great part of both houses
"had been such, and so nlight 'have been the
" greater; nay, the greater part of the house of
" peers \vas still declared to be such, and his ma..
" jestyP had not heard of any of their conversion;
" and thereupon it had been earnestly pressed, that
"the Inajor part of the lords might join with the
" major part of the house of commons,) would his
" majesty be bound q to consent to all such altera-
" tions r , as those men should propose to him, and
" resolve to be for the public good: and should the
" liberty, property, and security of all his subjects,
" depend on what such votes should declare to be
" la \v? \Vas the order of the n1ilitia unfit, and un-
" la\vful, whilst the n1ajor part of the lords refused
" to join in it, (as they had done t\VO or three seve-
" ral times, and it was never heard, before this par-
"liament, that they should be so, and so often
" pressed after a dissent declared,) and did its gro\v
" inunediately necessary for the public safety, and
" la\vful by the law of the land, as soon as so Inany
" of the dissenting peers \vere driven a\vay, (after
" their names had been required at the bar, con-
" trary to the freedo111 and foundation of parlia-
" Inent,) that the other opinion prevailed? Did the
" life and liberty of the subject depend upon such
" accidents of days, and hours, that it \vas Ï1npos-

P his majesty] they
q would his m
esty be bounrlJ
and his majCðty bouud

T such alterations] that alte-
ration
8 it] Not in IUS.

15

BOOK
v.

I 642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

16

THE IIIS'rORY

" sible for him to know his right in either? God
" forbid.
"But now, to justify their invasion of his ma-
"jesty's ancient, unquestioned, undoubted right,
"settled and established on his majesty and his
" posterity by God himself; confirIned and strength-
" ened by all possible titles of compact, laws, oaths,
" perpetual and uncontradicted custom, by his peo-
" pIe; what had they alleged to declare to the king-
" dom, as they say, the obligation that lieth upon
" the kings of this realm to pass all such bills, as are
" offered unto them by both houses of parlialnent?
" A thing never heard of till that day: an oath, (au-
" thority enough for them to break all theirs,) that
"is, or ought to be, taken by the kings of this
" realnl, which is as ,veIl to remedy by law such in-
" conveniences the king n1ay suffer, as to keep and
" IJrotect the laws already in being: and the forIn of
"this oath, they said, did appear upon a record
" there cited; and by a clause in the preamble of a
" statute, Inade in the 25th year of Ed\\r. III.
" His majesty said, he \\Tas not enough acquainted
" with records to know ,vhether that were fully and
" ingenuously cited; and \vhen, and ho\v, and ,vhy,
" the several clauses had been inserted, or taken out
" of the oaths forlnerly administered to the kings of
" this reabn: yet he could not possibly imagine the
" assertion that declaration made, could be deduced
"from the ,vords or the matter of that oath: for
"unless they had a power of declaring Latin, as
"well as la\\r, sure, elegerit, signified hatll chosen,
" as ,veIl as u:ill choose; and that it signified so
" there, (besides the authority of the perpetual prac-

OF TIlE REBELLION.

" tice of all succeeding tin1es; t a better interpreter
" than their votes,) it ,vas evident, by the reference
" it had to cuStOlllS, con8uetudines quas vulgus ele-
" gerit: and could that be a custom, which the
" people should choose after this oath taken? And
" should a king be sworn to defend such customs?
" Besides, could it be imagined, that he should be
" bound by oath to pass such laws, (and such a la\v
. 'was the bill they brought to him of the Jnilitia,)
"as should put the po,ver, wherewith he was
"trusted, out of himself, into the hands of other
" III en ; and divert and disable himself of all possible
" power to perforin the great business of the oath;
" ,vhich was to protect thelTI? If his Inajesty gave
" away all his power, or if it were taken fron1 hitn,
" he could not protect any ll1an: and what discharge
" would it he for his majesty, either before God or
" man, when his good subjects, wholu God, and the
_" law, had conln1itted to his charge, should be
" won.'ied and spoiled, to say that he trusted others
" to protect them? That is, to do that duty for hil11,
"which was essentially and inseparably his own.
" But that all his good subjects Inight see ho,v faith-
" fully these men, who assulned this trust fronl theIn,
" desired to discharge their trust; he ,vould be con-
" tented to publish, for their satisfaction, (a tuatter
"notorious enough, but what he hilnself never
" thought to have been put to publish, and of ,vhich
" the franlcrs of that declaration lllight as ,vell ha\Te
" lllade use, as of a Latin U record they k
ew many
" of his good suhjects could not, and Inany of thenl-

t the perpetual practice of all
succeeding times;] the trial and
YOI.. III.

practice oÍ all preceding times;
11 Latin] Lift blank ill 1U8.
C

17

nOOK
v.

) 642.

BOOK
v.
1642.

18

'I'HE HISTOltY

" selves did not understand,) the oath itself he took
" at his coronation, "Tarranted and enjoined to it by
"the customs and directions of his predecessors;
"and the ceren10ny of theirs, and his taking it;
" they might find it in the records of the exchequer;
." this it is;

The sermon being done, the archbishop goeth to
the king, and asks his willingness to take the oath
usually taken by his predecessors:

The king sheweth hinlself willing, and goeth to
the altar; the archbishop administersY these ques-
tions, and the king answereth them severally:

EpiSCO}JllS. Sir, will you grant and keep, and
by your oath confirnl to the people of England, the
laws and customs to them granted by the kings of
England, your Ja\vful and religious predecessors:
.and namely the laws, customs, and franchises grant-
ed to the clergy, by the glorious king saint Edward,
your predecessor, according to the la\vs of God, the
true profession of the gospel established in this king-
donl, and agreeable to the prerogative of the kings
thereot and the ancient customs of this realm?
Rex. I grant, and promise to keep them.

Episc. Sir, ,viII you keep peace, and godly agree-
ment entirely, according to your power, both to
God, the holy church, the clergy, and the people?
Rex. I will keep it.
EjJisc. Sir, ,vill you, to your po\ver, cause law,

Y administers] administereth

OF THE REBELLION.

19

justice, and discretion, in mercy and truth, to be BO 0 K
executed in all your judgillents ? v.
R I . ll 1642.
ex. WI.

Episc. Sir, will you grant to hold, and keep the
laws, and rightful customs, which the co III III on alty
of this your kingdolll have; and \vill you defend
and uphold them to the honour of God, so ll1uch as
in you lieth ?
Reæ. I grant, and promise so to do.

Then one of the bishops reads this admonition to
the king, before the lleople, \vith a loud voice.

Our lord and king, we beseech you to pardon,
and to grant, and to preserve unto us, and to the
churches con1n1itted to our charge, all canonical pri-
vileges, and due law, and justice; and that you
would protect and defend us, as every good king,
in his kingdom, ought to be protector and defender
of the bishops, and churches under their govern-
Jllent.

The king answereth :

'Vith a willing and devou t heart I promise, and
grant nlY pardon; and that I ,viII preserve and
Jllaintain to you, and the churches con1mitted to
your charge, all canonical privileges, and due la\\T,
and justice; and that I \vill be your protector and
defender, to my pO\\Ter, by the assistance of God, as
every good king, in his kingdoln, in right ought to
protect and defend the bishops, and the churches
under their governnlent.

c2

BOOK
V.

] 6-12.

QO

TH:E HIS'fOlt y

"fhen the king ariseth, and is led to the C0l1ll11U-
nioD-table: where he Blakes a solelnn oath, in sight
of aU the IJeople, to observe the pren1ises; and, lay-
ing his hand upon the book, saith :

THE OATH.
The things \vhich I before Z prolnised, I shall per-
fornl, and keep: so help me God, and the contents
of this book.

His lnajesty said, "all the world might judge,
"whether such doctrine, or such conclusions, as
" those luen brought, could follow, or have the least
" IJretence, fron1 that oath: for the preall1ble of the
" statute they cited, that told his majesty, that the
" king was bound to renledy, by law, the nlischiefs
" and daluages which happen to his people: his
" majesty said, he was so; but asked, whether the
" king were bound, by the preamble of that statute,
" to renounce his o,vn judgment, his own under-
" standing in those mischiefs, and of these reme-
" dies? How far forth he was obliged to follo,v the
" j udg111ent of his parliament, that. declaration still
" confessed to be a question. Without question, he
" said, none could take upon them to remedy even
" mischiefs, but by law, for fear of greater luischiefs
" than those they go about to remedy.
" But his majesty ,vas bound in justice to COTI-
" sent to their proposals, because there was a trust
" reposed in his majesty to preserve the kingdom,
" hy nlaking IJPW laws: he said, he ,vas glad there

7 I before] I have before

O:F 'I'HE REBELLION.

" \vas so; then he ,vas sure no new law could be
" Blade ,vithout his consent; and that the gentle-
" ness of his answer, Le 1"OY s'avisera, if it be no
" denial, it is no consent; and then the matter was
" not great. 'rhey would yet allow his majesty a
"greater latitude of granting, or denying, as he
" should think fit, in public acts of grace, as par-
" dons, or the like grants of favour: why did they
" so? If those pardons, and public acts of grace,
" \vere for the public good, (which a they might vote
"them to be,) they w.ould then be absolutely in
" their own disposal; but had they left that power
" to his majesty? They had sure, at least, shared it
" with hin1; how else had they got the power to
"pardon sergeant-major-general Skippon, (a new
" officer of state, and a subject his n1ajesty had no
" authority to send to speak with,) and all other
"persons eillployed by them, and such as had em-
"ployed thelnselves for them, not only for what
" they had done, but for what they should do? If
" they had power to declare such actions to be no
"treason, \vhich his majesty would not pardon;
" such actions to be treason, which need no pardon;
" the latitude they allowed his lnajesty of granting,
"or denying of pardons, was a jewel they might
"still be content to suffer his Inajesty to 'veal' in
"his crown, and never think thelnselves the more
" in danger.
" All this considered, the contriver of that n1es-
" sage, (since they would afford his nlajesty no bet-
" ter title,) whom they \vere angry with, did not
" conceive the people of this land to be b so void of

a which] while

h to be] Not in MS.
c 3

1

BOOK
v.

1642.

HOOK
v.

1642.

Q

TIlE IllS TORY

" coronlon sense, as to believe his luajesty, \vho had
" denied no one thing for the ease and benefit of
" them, ,vhich in justice or prudence could be asked,
" or in honour and conscience could be granted, to
"have cast off all care of the subject's good; and
" the frainers and devisers of that declaration (who
"had endeavoured to render his nlajesty odious to
" his subjects, and them disloyal to hiln, by C pre-
" tending such a trust in them) to have only taken
"it up: neither, he was confident, would they be
" satisfied, ,vhen they felt the lnisery and the hur-
" dens, \yhich the fury and the malice of those peo-
" pIe would bring upon theIn, \vith being told that
" calamity proceeùed from evil counsellors, whonl
" nohody could name; from plots and conspiracies,
" \vhich no man could discover; and froln fears and
" jealousies, which no nlan understood: and there-
" fore, that the consideration of it should be left to
" the conscience, reason, affection, and loyalty of his
" good subjects, who do understand the government
" of this kingdom, his nlajesty said, he was well
" con ten t.
"His majesty asked, where the folly and mad-
" ness of those people would end, who ,vould have
" his people believe, that his absenting himself from
" London, \vhere, with his safety, he could not stay,
"and the continuing his lllagazine at Hull, pro-
" ceeded from the secret plots of the papists here,
" and to advance the design of the papists in Ire-
" land? But it ,\Tas no wonder that they, ,vho could
"believe sir John Hothaill's shutting his lllajesty
" out of Hull, to be an act of affection and loyalty,

by] they

OF THE REBELLION.

" would believe that the papists, or the Turk, per-
" suaded him to go thither.
"And could any sober lTIan think that declara-
"tion to be the consent of either, or both houses
" of parliament, unawed either by fraud or force;
" \vhich (after so many thanks, and humble acknow-
" ledgments of his gracious favour in his message of
" the twentieth of January, so often, and so unani-
" Inously presented to his majesty from both houses
" of parliament) now told him, that the message at
" first was, and, as often as it had been since. n1en-
"tioned by him, had been a breach of privilege,
" (of which they had not used to have been so neg-
" ligent, as in four n10nths not to have complained,
" if such a breach had been,) and that their own
" Inethod of proceeding should not be proposed to
" them: as if his majesty had only authority to call
"them together, not to tell them what they were
"to do, not so much as \vith reference to his own
"affairs. 'Vhat their o\vn n1ethod had been, and
" \vhither it had led them, and brought the king-
" dom, all men see; what his would have been, if
" seasonably and tilnely applied unto, all men might
" judge; his majesty would speak no lTIOre of it.
" But see no\v \vhat excellent instances they had
" found out, to prove an inclination, if not in his
" lnajcsty, in some about him, to civil \var: their
" going with his majesty to the house of commons,
" (so often urged, and so fully ans\vered,) their at-
" tending on hiln to Hampton-court, and appearing
" in a \varlike manner at Kingston upon Thames;
" his going to Hull; their drawing their swol'ds at
" York, demanding, \vho \vould be for the king?
" the declaring sir John Hothaln traitor, before the
c4

3

BOOK
v.
1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

Q,1

1."HE HIS'rORY

" ll1cssage sent to the parlianlent; the propositions
"to the gentry in Yorkshire, to assist his 111ajesty
" against sir John Hothaul, before he had received
" an answer fronl the parliatnent: all desperate in-
" stances of an inclination to a civil war. Examine
"theln again: the lnanner and intent of his going
"to the house of COlnnlons, he had set forth at
" large, in his answer to their declaration of the
"nineteenth of 1\1ay; all Inen lnight judge of it.
" Next, did they thelnselves believe, to what }1Ur-
"pose soever that rU1110Ur had served their turn,
" that there was an appearance in ,varlike manner
" at Kingston upon Thanles? Did they not kno,v,
" that whensoever his Inajesty had IJeen at Halup-
"ton-court, since his first c0111ing to the cro,vn,
" there was never a less appearance, or in a less
h ,varlike manner, than at the tinle they meant?
" He said, he would say no nlore, but that his ap-
"pearance in a warlike manner at Kingston upon
" Thames, and theirs at Kingston upon Hull, ,vas
" very different. 'Vhat was Ineant by tIle dra"ring
" of swords at York, and demanding, ,vho ,vonld he
" for the king, must be inquired at London; for,
" his lnajesty believed, very fe,v in York understood
h the meaning of it. For his going to Hull, ,vhich
" they would by no llleans endure should be called
" a visit, whether it ,vere not the ,vay to prevent,
"rather than to 11lake a civil ,val', was very ob-
" vious: and the declaring him a traitor in the very
" act of his treason, would never be thought un rea-
" sonable, d but by those who believed hinl to be a
"loving and loyal subject; no Hlore than the en-

d unreasonable,] unseasonable.

OF THE ItEBELLION.

" deavouring to Inake the gentlemen of that county
"sensible of that treason, (which they were in an
" honourable and dutiful degree,) before he received
" the answer fron1 both houses of parliament: for,
" jf they had been, as his majesty expected they
" should have been, sensible of that intolerable in-
" jury offered to him, nlight he not have had occa-
" sion to have used the affection of these gentle-
" men? 'Vas he sure that sir John Hothaln, who
" had kept hilTI out without their order, (he spake
" of a public order,) would have let him in, when
" they had forbidden him? And if they had not
" such a sense of him, (as the case falls out to be,)
"had he not more reason to make propositions to
" those gentlemen, whose readiness and affection he,
" or his posterity, would never forget?
" But this business of Hull sticks still with then1 ;
" and finding his questions hard, they are pleased to
" answer his majesty, by asking other questions of
" him: no nlatter for the exceptions against the
"earl of Ne
castle, (,vhich have been so often
" urged, as one of the principal grounds of their
" fears and jealousies; and which drew that ques-
" tion from hinl,) they asked his nlajesty, ,vhy, when
"he held it necessary that a governor should be
"p]aced in Hull, sir John Hotham should be re-
"fu
ed by hiIn, and the earl of Newcastle sent
" down? His l11ajesty ans,vered, because he had a
" better opinion of the earl of Newcastle than of sir
" John Hothan1; and desired to have such a go-
" vernor over his to,vns, if he must have any, as
" should keep then} for, and not against hin1: and
" if his going down ,vere in a III ore private way
"than sir John Hotham's, it \"as because he had

25

nOOK
v.

1642.

6

THE HISTORY

ß 00 K "not that authority to make a noise, by levying
v. " and billeting of soldiers, in a peaceable tinIe, upon
] 642. "his good subjects, as it seeilled sir John Hothanl
"carried do\vn \vith him. And the iInputation
" which is cast by the way upon that earl, to make
"his reputation not so unblenlished, as he con-
" ceived, and the \vorld believes it to be; and \vhich,
" though it ,vas not ground enough for judicial pro-
" ceeding, (it is ,vonder it was not,) ,vas yet ground
" enough for e suspicion, must be the case of every
"subject in England, (and he wished it went no
"higher,) if every vile aspersion, contrived by un-
"known hands, upon unkno\vn or unimaginable
" grounds, \vhich is the way practised to bring any
" virtuous and deserving men into obloquy, should
"receive the least credit or countenance in the
" world.
" They tell hiln, their exception to those gentle-
" 111en, who delivered their petition to him at York,
" was, that they presumed to take the style upon
"theln of all the gentry and inhabitants of that
" county; \vhereas, they say, so nlany lTIOre of as
" good quality as themselves, of that county, were
" of another opinion; and have since, by their peti-
"tion to his lllajesty, disavowed that act. Their
"information in that point, his majesty said, was
"no better than it useth to be; and they would
"find, that neither the number or the quality of
" those \vho have, or ,viII disavon r that petition, was
" as they imagine; though too many ,veak persons
"were nlisled (which they did, and \vould every
" day nlore and nlore understand) by the faction,

t: for] of

OF THE REBELLION.

" skill, and industry of that true malignant party,
" of which he did, and had reason to complain.
" They said, they had received f no petition of so
" strange a nature: what nature? Contrary to the
"votes of both houses: that is, they had received
" no petition they had no mind to receive. But his
" majesty had told thenl again, and all his good
" subjects \vould tell them, that they had }'eceived
" petitions, with joy and approbation, against the
"votes of both houses of their predecessors, con-
" firnled and established into laws by the consent of
" his majesty, and his ancestors; and allowed those
" petitions to carry the style, and to SeelTI to carry
" the desires of cities, tow-ns, and counties, ,vhen, of
" either city, to\vn, or county, very few known or
" considerable persons had been privy to such peti-
" tions: whereas, in truth, the petitions delivered
" to his majesty, against which they except, carried
"not the style of all, but some of the gentry and
" inhabitants; and implied no other consent, than
" such as went visibly along with it.
"But his majesty was all this \vhile in a mis-
" take; the Inagazine at Hull was not taken from
"hin1. 'Vho told them so? They 'v ho assure them,
" (and whom without breaking their privileges they
"must believe,) that sir John Hothanl's shutting
"the gates against his nlajesty, and resisting his
" entrance \vith armed men, (though he thought it
"in defiance of him,) was indeed in obedience to
" hiln, and his authority; and for his service, and
" the service of the kingdom. He was to let none
" in, but such as came with his majesty's authority,

r receired] Not in .1U S.

7

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
V.

J 642.

8

r.rHE HIsrrOI{\T

"signified by both houses of parlialuent: hilnself
"and they had ordered it so. And therefore he
" kept his n1ajesty out, only till his nlajesty, or he
" hinlself, 11light send for their directions. His Ina-
" jesty said, he knew not ,vhether the contrivers of
"that declaration meant, that his good subjects
"should so soon understand, though it was plain
"enough to be understood, the Dleaning of the
" king's authority, signified by both houses of par-
" lialnent: but sure the world would now easily dis-
" cern in what Dliserable case he had, by this time,
" been, (it is bad enough as it is,) if he had g con-
"sented to their bill, or to their ordinance of the
" Inilitia, and given those men power to have raised
" all the arms of the kingdom against him, for the
" COffilnon good, by his own authority: would they
" not, as they had kept hilll from Hull, by this tilne
" have beaten hinl froln York, and pursued hiIn out
" of the kingdolll, in his own behalf? Nay, might
" not this lllunition, ,vhich is not taken from him,
" be elnployed against hinl; not against his author-
"ity, signified by both houses of parlianlent, but
" only to kill those ill counsellors, the malignant
" party, which is about him, and yet for his good,
" for the public good, (they \vould declare it so,) and
"so no treason within the statute of 25 Ed. III.?
" which, by their interpretation, had left his ma-
"jesty, the king of England, absolutely less pro-
"vided for, in point of safety, than the lncanest
" subject of the kil1gdol11: and every subject of this
It' land (for \vhose security that la\v was l1lade, that
" they 111ay kno\v their duty, and their danger in

g had] Not ill JHS.

OF THE REBELLION.

" breaking of it) 111ay be l11ade a traitor when these
" men please to say, he is so. But did they think
" that, upon such an interpretation, (upon pretence
" of authority of book cases and precedents, which,
" without doubt, they would have cited, if they had
"been to their purpose,) out of 'v hich nothing can
"result, but confusion to king and people, would
" find any credit with his good subjects? And that
" so excellent a law, Inade both for security of king
" and people, shall be so eluded, by an interpreta-
" tion no learned la,vyer in England \vould at this
"hour, he believed, set under his hand, not\vith-
" standing the authority of that declaration; ,vhich,
"he hoped, shall bring nothing but infamy upon
" the contrivers of it ?
" Now to their privileges: though it be true,
" they say, that their privileges do not extend to
" treason, felony, or breach of the peace, so as to
" exempt the Inemhers from all manner of process
" and trial; yet it doth privilege them in the ,vay
" or method of their trial: the cause n1ust he first
" brought before them, and their consent asked, be-
" fore you can proceed. 'Vhy then their privileges
" extend as far in these cases, as in any that are
"most unquestioned; for no privilege whatsoever
"exelnpts theln from all Inanner of process and
" trial, if you first acquaint the house ,vith it, and
" they give you leave to proceed by those processes,
" or to that trial: but, by this rule, if a men1ber of
"either house c0111mit a murder, you Inust by no
" 111eans meddle with hhn, till you have acquainted
" that house of ,vhich he is a melnber, and received
" their direction for )'our proceeding, assuring your-
" self, he ,vill not stir frollI that place ,,,'here you

Q9

BOOK
v.

1 G42.

BOOK
v.

1642.

30

'fH:E HIS'rOR Y

" left him, till you return ,vith their consent; should
" it be otherwise, it would be in the power of every
c, man, under the pretence of murder, to take one
"after another, and as many as he pleaseth; and
" so, consequently, bring a parliament to what he
" pleaseth, when he pleaseth. If a melnber of ei-
" ther house shall take a purse at York, (he 111ay as
"probably take a purse frol1l a subject, as arms
" against the king,) you must ride to London, to
" know what to do, and he 111ay ride with you, and
"take a new purse every stage, and must not be
"apprehended, or declared a felon, till you have
" asked that house, of ,vhich he is a melnber; should
" it be other\vise, it 111ight be in every nlan's power
" to accuse as lTIany members as he would of taking
" purses; and so bring a parliaUlent, and so an par-
" liaments, to nothing. 'V ould these men be be-
" lieved? And yet they make no doubt but every
" one, who hath taken the protestation, \vould de-
" fend this doctrine ,vith his life and fortune. 'V ould
" not his subjects believe, that they had in1posed a
" pretty protestation upon them; and that they had
" a very good end in the doing of it, if it obligeth
"them to such hazards, to such undertakings?
"1\lust they forget or neglect his nlajesty's person,
"honour, and estate, which, by that protestation,
,
they are bound to defend; and, in some degree,
" do understand? And nlust they only venture their
" lives and fortunes to justify privileges they know
" not, or ever heard of before? Or are they bound
" by that protestation to believe, that the framers
" of that declaration have po,ver to extend their
"own privileges, as far as they think fit; and to
"contract his majesty's rights, as much as they

OF THE REBELLION.

" please; and that they are hound to believe them
" in either, and to venture their lives and fortunes
" in that quarrel?
" From declaring ho,v ll1ean a person his majesty
"is, and how much the kingdom hath been mis-
" taken in the understanding of the statute of the
" 25 E. III. concerning treason, and that all ll1en
"need not fear levying war against him, so they
"have their order to warrant them; they proceed,
" in the spirit of declaring, to certify his subjects in
" the n1istakings, which, near one hundred and fifty
" years, have been received concerning the statute
" of the 2 Hen. VII. h ch. 1. (a statute all good sub-
" jects will read with c0111fort,) and tell them, that
" the serving of the king for the time being cannot
" be meant of Perkin 'Varbeck, or of any that should
" call hÎ1nself king; but such a one as is allowed and
"received by the parliament in the behalf of the
" kingdom: and was not his Inajesty so allowed?
" However, through a dark Inist of words, and urg-
" ing their old privileges, (,vhich, he hoped, he had
" sufficiently answered, and will be every day Inore
" confuted by the actions of his good subjects,) they
"conclude, that those that shall guide thelnselves
" by the judgment of parliament, which they say is
" their o,vn, ought, whatsoever happen, to be secure,
" and free fron1 all account and penalties, upon the
"ground and equity of that very statute: how far
" their own chancellors Inay help them in tllat equity,
" his majesty kne,v not; but by the help of God, and
" that good law, he would allow no such equity: so
" then, there is the doctrine of that declaration; and
" these are the positions of the contrivers of it.
h 2 lIen. VII.] eleventh year Hen. VII.

51

BOOK
v.

1642.

llOOK
v.

I G42.

3

THE HIS1'ORY

1. rfhat they have an absolute power of declaring
the la"r; and that whatsoever they declare to be so,
ought not to be questioned by his lnajesty, or any
subject: so that all right and safety of him and his
people ll1uSt depend upon their pleasure.
2. That no precedents can be liInits to bound their
proceedings: so they may do \vhat they please.
8. That the parlian1ent Inay dispose of any thing,
wherein the king or subject hath a right, for the
public good; that they, ,vithout the king, are this
pal"lialnent, and judge of this pubJic good; and that
his lllajesty's consent is not necessary: so the life and
liberty of the subject, and all the good la,vs made
for the security of them, Inay be disposed of, and re-
pealed by the Inajor part of both houses at any tÍlne
present, and by any ways and means procured so to
be; and his Inajesty had no po\ver to protect them.
4. That no member of either house ought to be
troubled or meddled with for treason, felony, or any
other crime, without the cause first hrought before
them, that they filay judge of the fact, and their leave
olJtained to proceed.
5. That the sovereign power resides in both houses
of parlialnent; and that his ll1ajesty had no negative
voice: so then his majesty himself ll1USt be subject to
their comluands.
6. That the levying of forces against the personal
c0111mands of the king, though accolnpanied \vith
his presence, is not levying ,val" against the king;
but the levying war against his laws and authority,
(which they have po,ver to declare, and signify,)
though not against his person, is levying ,val" against
the king: and that treason cannot be cOlnnlitted
against his person, other\vis{1 than as he is intrusted

OF THE REBELLION.

,vith the kingdom, and discharging that trust; and
that they have a power to judge, 'v hether he dis-
charges that trust or no.
7. 'That if they should ll1ake the highest pre-
cedents of other parlialnents their patterns, there
,vould be no cause to complain of want of modesty
or du ty in them; that is, they 111ay depose his nla-
jesty,vhen they will, and are not to be blamed for
so doing.

" And now, (as if the nlere publishing of their l'e-
" solutions would not only prevail with the people,
" but, in the instant, destroy all spirit and courage
" in his Inajesty to preserve his o,vn right and ho-
H Dour,) they had since taken the boldness to assault
" hin1 ,vith certain propositions; which they call
" the n10st necessary effectuallneans for the remov-
" ing those jealousies a,nd differences between his
" Inajesty and his people; that is, i that he would be
" content to divest himself of all his regal ri
hts and
" dignities; be content with the title of a king, and
" suffer them, according to their discretion, to go-
"vern him and the kingdom, and to dispose of his
"children. How suitable and agreeable this doc-
" trine and these demands \vere to the affection of
" his loving subjects, under whose trust these Inen
" pretend to say and do these nlonstrous things; and
" to design not only the ruin of his person, but of
" monarchy itself, (which, he rnight justly say, ,vas
" lllore than ever \vas offered in any of his prede-
" cessors' times; for though the person of the king
" hath been sometimes unjustly deposed, yet the re..

YOLo III.

i that is,] Not in MS.
D

3

BOOK
v.

IG.J2.

nOOK
v.

1642.

34

'fHE I-IISTORY

" gal}Jower ,vas never, before this k time, struck at,)
" he believes his good subjects would find sOlne ,yay
" to let then1 and the ,,{orld kno'v: and, froll1 this
" time, such ,vho had been misled, by their ill COl1n-
" sels, to have any hand in the execution of the 111Í-
" litia, \vould see to \vhat ends their service was dc-
" signed; and therefore, if they should presulne here-
" after to D1eddle in it, they must expect, that he
" \vould imlnediately proceed against then1 as actual
" raisers of sedition, and as enemies to his sovereign
" power.
" His majesty said, he had done: and should no\v
" expect the worst actions these men had po\ver to
" commit against him; worse words they could not
" give hiIn: and he doubted not, but the major part
"of both houses of parliament, \vhen they 111ight
" come together ,vith their honour and safety, (as
" \vell those who were surprised at the passing of
" it, and understood not the malice in it, and the
"confusion that must gro,v by it, if believed; as
" those who were absent, or involved,) ,,,"ould so far
"resent the indignity offered to his lnajesty, the
"dishonour to themselves, and the mischief to the
"whole kingdom, by that declaration; that they
" \vould speedily lllake the foul contrivers of it in-
"stances of their exelnplary justice; and brand
" theIn, and their doctrine, with the n1arks of their
" perpetual scorn and indignation."
\Vhilst this answer and declaration of his luajes-
ty's I ,vas preparing and publishing, "rhich "ras done
,vith all ilnaginable haste, and to ,vhich they Inade
no reply till many 1110nths after the ,val" was begun,

k this] Not in jJtfS.

1 majesty's] majesty

OF THE REBELI...ION.

they proceeded in all their counsels towards the less-
ening his nlajesty, both in reputation and power;
and towards the improving their own interests: for
the first, upon the advantage of their fortner vote,
of the king's intention to levy war against his par-
lialnent, in the end of 1\lay they published orders,
" That the sheriffs of the adjacent counties should
" hinder, and make stay of all arms and anllTIUni-
"tion carrying towards York, until they had given
" notice thereof unto the lords and comnlons; and
" should have received their further direction; and
"that they should prevent the coming together of
" any soldiers, horse or foot, by any warrant of his
" nlajesty, without their advice or consent:" \vhich
they did, not upon any opinion that there \vould be
any arlns or aUlmunition carrying to his majesty,
they having entirely possessed thelnselves of all his
stores; or that they indeed believed, there was any
comlnission or warrant to raise soldiers, \vhich they
,veIl knew there was not; but that, by t.his Uleans,
their agents in the country (which In3ny sheriffs and
justices of peace were; and lnost constables, and in-
ferior officers) Inight, upon this pretence, hinder the
resorting to his lllajesty, \vhich they did \vith that
industry, that fe\v persons m , who, foreseeing the de-
sign of those orders, did not decline the great roads,
and made not pretences of travelling to SOUle other
place, and n travelled in any equipage towards his llla-
jesty, escaped \vithout being stayed by such \vatches :
and most that were so stayed, finding it to no pur-
pose o to attend the resolutiop or justice of the houses,

m persons] Not in M8.
n and] who

o to no purpose] no boot

D2

35

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
V.

] 6-12.

36

1.'HE HISTORY

,vho always commended the vigilance of their n1i-
nisters, and did not expect they should be hound up
by the letter of their orders, lnade shift to escape
,vith their own persons, and lvere contented to leave
their horses behind them; they who attended to be
repaired by the justice of the houses, finding so many
delays, and those delays to be so chargeable, and
theillselves exposed to so l11any questions, and such
an inquisition, that they thought their liberty a great
prize, ,vhatever they left behind thenl.
For the in1proving their interest and dependence,
though they had as luuch of the affection P of the
city as could reasonably be expected; and, by their
exercise of the n1ilitia, had united them in a firnl
bond, the communication of guilt; yet they ,veIl un-
derstood their true strength consisted in the rabble
of the people; for the greatest part of the substan-
tial and \vealthy citizens, being not of their party,
and except some expedient 'vere found out, \vhereby
they might be involved, and concerned in their pros-
perity or ruin, they thought then1selves not so much
in truth possessed of that city, as they seemed to be.
They had heard it said, that Ed\vard IV. of Eng-
land recovered the city of London, and by that the
kingdo111, by the vast debts that he o,ved there; men
looking upon the helping of him to the crown, as the
helping themselves to their 1110ney, ,vhich ,vas else
desperate. Upon this ground, they had taken the
first opportunity of borrowing great sums of them,
in the beginning of this parliament; ,vhen the rich-
est and best affected men, upon a presulnption that
hereby the Scots army would suddenly march into

P as much of the affection] as much evidence of the affections

OF 1."'HE REBELLIO
.

their own country, and the English as soon be dis-
banded, cheerfully furnished that money . Upon this
ground they still forbore to repay those sums, dis-
posing what ,vas brought in upon the hills of sub-
sidy, and other public bills, to other purposes. And
now, to make themselves nlore sure of then1, they
borrowed another sum of 100,000l. of them, upon
pretence of the great exigences of Ireland; which
,vas their two-edged s,vord, to lead them into the
liberty of laying 'v hat imputations they thought
nlost convenient for their purposes, upon the king
and queen; and to dra,v ,vhat money they thought
fit from the city; and served them now to another
important end, to raise soldiers; but that service it-
self, in order to suppressing the rebellion there, ,vas
not, in any degree, advanced. Having, by these
means, thus provided for their nlain ends, they l11ade
the people believe they ,vere preparing propositions
to send to the king; and the people ,vere yet so in-
nocent as to believe, that they ,vould never send pro-
positions that ,vere not reasonable: for though the
unusual acts ,vhich had been done by the king, as
the going to the house of C0111nl0nS, and del11anding
the melnbers there, had put thenl into as unusual
apprehensions; and those, by the ,varmth and heat
of declarations and ans,vers, had dra,vn from theIn,
by degrees, another kind of language, than had be-
fore been used; yet 1110St 111en believed, ,,,hen those
passions 'v ere digested, and that any propositions
should be ulade hy thcln, (which the king had long
called for and invited,) that they could not but ho
such, as ,vould open a door for that affection, confi-
dence, duty, and trust, upon
Thich the peace of the
kingdom lnight be reasonably founded. And pro..
D
J

37

BOOK
v.

1642.

38

THE HISTORY

BouK
v.
Iti 42.

positions they did send to the king, in the beginning
of June; which ,vere presented to his Inajesty, ,vith
great solenlnity, by their conlmittee resident there;
,vhich, in this place, are very necessary to be insert-
ed in the very tern18 in which they ,vere presented,
as follo\veth :

The nine. TIle humble P etition q (lull advice 0-1' botl/' hOllses of
teen propo- :J
sitions sent parlia111ent, witl" nineteen ]J1'"ojJositiolls {l/ul the
to the IÜng. .
by both cOllcbauon, sent 'Unto IllS 1Jl{tjesty tIle secollll if
houses, T 6
June 2 tJ line, 1 42.
,
1642. " Your majesty's most humble and faithful sub-
" jects, the lords and commons in parliaillent, hav-
" ing nothing in their thoughts and desires, more
" precious and of higher esteem, next to the honour
" and inlmediate service of God, than the just and
" faithful performance of their duty to your majesty
" and this kingdom: and being very sensible of the
" great distractions and distempers, and of the inl-
" minent dangers and calall1ities, which those dis-
"tractions and distelnpers are like to bring upon
" your majesty, and your subjects; (all which have
" proceeded from the subtle inforlllations, mischiev-
" ous practices, and evil counsels of men disaffected
" to God's true religion; your majesty's honour and
" safety; and the public peace, and }1fosperity of
"your people;) after a serious observation of the
"causes of those 111ischiefs, do, in all hunlility and
" sincerity, present to your majesty their most duti-
" ful petition and advice: that, out of your princely
" \visdom for the establishing your o\vn honour and

(I The humble petition] This lord Clarendon's amanuensis.
rllilion is in the handwriting of

OF THE REBELLION.

" safety, and gracious tenderness of the welfare and
" security of your subjects and dOluinions, you will
" lJe pleased to grant and accept these their hun1ble
" desires and propositions, as the most necessary and
" effectual n1eans, through God's blessing, of remov-
" ing those jealousies and differences, which have Ull-
" happily fallen out r bet,vixt you and your people,
" and procuring both your majesty and then1 a con-
, "stant course of honour, peace, and happiness.
The propoò'itiolls.
1. " That the lords and others of your luajesty's
" privy council, and such great officers and mi-
" nistel's of state, either at hOlne or beyond the
" seas, may be put fro111 your privy-council, and
" from those offices and elnploYluents, excepting
"such as shall be approved by both houses of
" parlian1ent: and that the persons, put into the
" places and employn1ents of those that are re-
" moved, may he approved of by both houses of
" parJiament: and that privy-counsellors shall
"take an oath, for the due execution of their
" places, in such form as shall be agreed upon by
" both houses of parlialuent.
2. "That the great affairs of the kingdon1 lnay not
"be concluded, or transacted, by the advice of
" private men, or hy any unknown, or unsworn
" counsellors; but that such matters as concern
" the public, and are proper for the high court of
" parliament, ,vhich is your majesty's great and
" supreme council, may be debated, resolved, and
" transacted only in parliament, and not else-

r out] This word, having been shews, that although this petition
omified b!1 the amanuensis, is in- was not copied by his lordship, yet
serted by lord Clarendon; which the copy was revised by him.
D4

39

BOOK
V.

1642.

IJOOK
v.

J 642.

40

'THE 11 I 81-" OR Y

" \vhere: and such as shall presume to do any
" thing to the contrary shall be reserved to the
" censure and judglllent of parliament: and such
" other matters of state, as are proper for your
"111ajesty's privy-council, shall be debated and
" concln ded by such of the nobility, and others,
" as shall, fr0111 tinle to time, be chosen for that
" place, by approbation of both houses of parlia-
" Inent: and that no public act concerning the
"affairs of the kingdoll1, \vhich are proper for
" your privy-council, nlay be esteemed of any va-
" lidity, as proceeding frolll the royal authority,
" unless it be done by the ad vice and consent of
" the major part of the council, attested under
" their hands: and that your council nlay he linlit-
" ed to a certain nUlnber, not exceeding t\venty-
" five, nor under fifteen: and if any counsellor's
" place happen to be vpid in the interval of par-
" lianlent, it shall not be supplied without the
" assent of the 111ajor part of the council; \v hich
" choice shall be confirlned at the next sitting of
" parlianlent, or else to be void.
3. "That the lord high ste\vard of England, lord
" high constable, lord chancellor, or lord keeper
" of the great seal, lord treasurer, lord privy seal,
" earl marshal, lord admiral, warden of the cinque
" ports, chief governor of Ireland, chancellor of
" the exchequer, master of the wards, secretaries
" of state, t\VO chief justices and chief baron, may
U al \vays be chosen with the approbation of both
" houses of parliament; and, in the intervals of
" parliaments, by the S assent of the major part of

:> the] Not in 111S.

OF THE REBELLION.

41

"the council, in such manner as is before ex- BOOK
" pressed in the choice of counsellors. v.
4. "That ]1e, or they, unto whom the government 1642.
" and education of the king's children shall be
" comu1itted, shall be approved of by both houses
" of parliament; and, in the intervals of parlia-
" ment, t by the assent of the major part of the
" council, in such manner as is before expressed
" in the choice of counsellors; and that all such
" servants as are no,vabout them, against ,vhom
" both houses shall have any just exceptions, shall
" be removed.
5. " That no Inarriage shall be concluded, or treated,
" for any of the king's children, with any foreign
" prince, or other person ,vhatsoever, abroad or at
" hOlne, ,vithout the consent of parliament, under
" the penalty of a præmunire, unto such as shall
" conclude or treat of u any marriage as aforesaid:
" and that the said penalty shall not be pardoned,
" or dispensed ,vith, but by the consent of both
" houses of parliament.
6. " rrhat the laws in force against Jesuits, priests,
" and popish recusants, be strictly put in execu-
" tion, without any toleration, or dispensation to
" the contrary: and that SOU1e more effectual
" course may be enacted, by authority of parlia-
" lnent, to disable them from making any dis-
" turbance in the state; or eluding the laws by
" trusts, or otherwise.
7. " That the votes of popish lords in the house of
" peers may be taken away, so long as they con-
" tinue papists: and that your majesty will con-

t parliament,] parliaments,

1] of] flot in .lIS.

BOOK
v.

J 642.

4Q

THE l-IISTORY

" sent to such a bill, as 8hall be dra,vn, for the
"education of the children of papists, by pro-
" testants, in the protestant religion.
8. " That your majesty ,vill be pleased to consent,
" that such a reformation be made of the church-
" government and liturgy, as both houses of par-
"lialnent shall advise; \vherein they intend to
" have consultations ,vith divines, as is express-
" ed in their declaration to that purpose: and
" that your majesty will contribute your best as-
" sistance to them, for the raising of a sufficient
" maintenance for preaching ministers through
" the kingdom: and that your Inajesty will be
" pleased to give your consent to la\vs for the
" taking a\vay of innovations, and superstition,
" and of pluralities, and against scandalous mi-
" nisters.
9. " That your majesty will be pleased to rest satis-
" tied ,vith that course, that the lords and COln-
"n10ns have appointed, for ordering of the mi-
" litia, until the saIne shall be further settled by
" a bill: and that your 111ajesty ,viII recall your
" declarations and proclan1ations against the or-
" dillance Inadc by the lords and commons con-
" cerning it.
10. " That such n1eInbers of either house of parlia-
" ment, as have, during this present parliament,
"been put out of any place and office, may ei-
"ther be restored to that place and office, or
" othcr\vise have satisfaction for the saIne, upon
" the petition of that house, 'v hereof he or they
" are members.
11. " That all privy-counsellors and judges luay take
" an oath, the forIn \v hereof to be agreed on and

OF THE REBELLION.

" settled by act of parliament, for the maintain-
"ing of the Petition of Right, and of certain
"statutes made by this parliament, \vhich shall
"be mentioned by both houses of pal
liament;
" and that an inquiry of all breaches and viola-
" tions of those laws may be given in charge by
" the justices of the king's bench every term, and
" by the judges of assize in their circuits, and
" justices of the peace at the sessions, to be pre-
" sented and punished according to law.
12. " That all the judges, and all the officers, placed
" by approbation of both houses of parlian1ent,
" may hold their places qua'lndilt bene se gesse-
" rillt.
13. " That the justice of parliament may pass upon
" all delinquents, whether they be \vithin the
" kingdom, or fled out of it: and that all per-
" sons cited by either house of parliament may
" appear, and abide the censure of parlian1ent.
14. " That the general pardon, offered by your n1a-
" jesty, may be granted \vith such exceptions, as
" shall be advised by both houses of parliament.
15. " That the forts and castles of this kingdolu may
" be put under the command and custody of such
"persons, as your 111ajesty shaH appoint, \vith
"the approbation of your parliament; and, in
"the intervals of parliament, \vith approbation
" of the major part of Ule council, in such luan-
"ner as is before expressed in the choice of
" counsellors.
16. " That the extraordinary guards, and 111ilitary
" forces no\v attending your Inajcsty, may he rc-
" moved and discharged: and that, for the fu-
" ture, you \vill raise no such guards or extra-

4.3

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

44

THE HISTORY

" ordinary forces, but, according to the law, in
" case of actual rebellion, or invasion.
17. " That your 11lajesty ,vill be pleased to enter into
"a nlore strict alliance ,vith the states of the
" United Provinces, and other neighbour princes
"and states of the protestant religion, for the
"defence and n1aintenance thereof, against all
" designs and attenlpts of the pope, and his ad-
" herents, to subvert and suppress it; ,vhereby
" your n1ajesty ,viII obtain great access of strength
" and reputation, and your X subjects be n1uch en-
" couraged and enabled, in a parlial11entary way,
"for your aid, and assistance, in restoring your
" royal sister, and. her princely issue, to those
"dignities and. donlinions, which belong unto
" thel11; and relieving the other distressed pro-
" testant princes, ,vho have suffered in the same
" cause.
18. " That your majesty ,vill be pleased by act of
"parliament to clear the lord Kill1bolton, and
" the five mel11bers of the house of con1mons,
"in such manner that future parliaments may
"be secured. froll1 the conseouence of that evil
...
" precedent.
19. " That your majesty will be graciously pleased
" to pass a bill for restraining peers made here-
" after, from sitting or voting in parliament, un-
" less they he admitted thereunto with the con-
" sent of both houses of parliament.

" And these our hUlnblc desires being granted by
" your majesty, \VC shall forth,vith apply ourselves

x your] Not in JJfS.

OF 1.'IHE REBELLION.

" to regulate your present revenue, in such sort as
" may be for your best advantage; and likewise to
" settle such an ordinary and constant increase of
" it, as shall be sufficient to support your royal dig-
" nity in honour, and plenty, beyond the proportion
" of any former grants of the subjects of this king-
" d01I1 to your Inajesty's royal predecessors: we shall
" likewise put the town of Hull into such hands, as
" your l11ajesty shall appoint ,vith the consent and
" approbation of parliament; and deliver up a just
" account of all the n1agazine; and cheerfully eln-
" ploy the uttermost of our po,ver and. endeavours,
"in the real expression, and. performance of our
" most dutiful and loyal affections, to the preserving
" and maintaining the royal honour, greatness, and
" safety of your majesty, and your posterity."

The saIne day that these articles of deposition
were passed the houses, that his majesty might see
how unable he was like to be to contend with them,
they declared by an order the same day, printed, and
carefully dispersed, "that they had received infor-
" mation," (and indeed their informations \vere won-
derful particular, from all parts beyond sea, of what-
soever was agitated on the king's behalf; as well as
from his court, of ,vhatsoever was designed, or al-
most but thought of to hin1self: besides they could
pretend to receive information of whatsoever ,vould
any ,yay conduce to their purpose, true or false,)
"that the je\vels of the cro\vn (which, they said,
" by the law of the land ought not to he aliened)
" were either pawned or sold in Amsterdam, or some
"other parts beyond the seas; and thereby great
" sums of money provided to he returned to 1" ork,

45

BOOK
v.

1642.

HOOK
v.

I G42.

Order of
t he two
houses
against
pawning
the jewels
of the
crown.

46

THE I-IISrl'ORY

" or to SOllIe of his majesty's servants or agents, for
"his Inajesty's use: and because, they said, it was
" more than probable, that great provision of lnonies,
" in such an extraordinary way, ,vas to maintain the
" intended war against the parliament, and thereby
" to bring the whole kingdolll into utter ruin, and
" c0111bustion; it ,vas therefore declared, by the lords
" and commons in parlianlent, that ,vhosoever had
" been, or should be, an actor in the selling or pa,vn-
,
iug - of any jewels of the crown; or had, or should
" pay, lend, send, or bring any TIIOney in specie into
" this kingdoln, for or upon any of those jewels; or
" ,vhosoever had, or should accept o
any bill from
" beyond the seas for the payment of any sum of
" money, for or upon any of those jewels, and should
" pay any sun1 according to such bill, after notice of
"that order, without acquainting tbat house with
" the receipt of that bill, before he accept the same;
" or if he had already accepted any such bill, then
",vith the acceptance thereof, before the paYlnent
" of the lTIOney, every such person should be held
" and accounted. a proilloter of tbat intended war,
" an enelny to the state, and ought to give satisfac-
" tion for the public dalllage out of his own estate."
Upon this confident assunlption, " that it was not
"in the king's po\ver to dispose the je\vels of the
" cro,vn; that whatsoever je\vels were offered to be
" pawned or sold, by any of the king's nlinisters be-
" yond the seas, \vere the jewels of the cro,vn, and
" no other; and that alllTIOney, returned from thence
" for his nlajesty's service, ,vas nloney so raised and
" procured;" they so much terrified TIlen of all con-
ditions, that the queen, having, by the sale of some
of her o,vn je,vels, and by her other dexterity, pro-

OF THE REBELLION.

cured some money for the king's supply, could not,Y
in a long time, find any means to transmit it. How-
ever, this made no impression upon the king's reso-
lution;z and though it might haye some influence
upon merchantly luen, yet it stirred up most gene-
rous luinds to an indignation on the king's behalf;
and \vas new evidence, if there had wanted any,
,vhat kind of greatness he was to expect from com-
plying with such imn10dest and extravagant pro-
posers.
The king ,vas once resolved to have returned no
answer to theln upon those propositions; but to let
the people alone to judge of the unreasonableness of
them, and. of the indignity offered to him in the
delivery of then1; and that ,vas the reason of the
short mention he made of them, in the close of his
declaration to theirs of the twenty-sixth of 1\lay:
but he was afterwards persuaded to vouchsafe a fur-
ther notice of them, there being SOine particulars
popular enough, and others, that, at the first view,
seemed not altogether so derogatory to him, and so
inconvenient to the people, as in truth they ,vere ;
and that therefore it was necessary to let all the
people know, that whatsoever was reasonable, and
might be beneficial to the kingdon1, had been for the
most part before offered by his 111ajesty; and should
all be readily granted by hin1; and so to unfold. the
rest to then1, that they might discern their o\vn
welfare, and security, to be as much endangered by
those denlands, as the king's rights, honour, and dig-
nity: so that, in a short tiIne after he received then1,
he sent to the two houses, and published to the

Y could not,] she could not,

Z resolution;] resolutions;

47

BOOK
v.

1642.

4

THE HISTOIlY

BOO K kingdom, his ans\ver to those nineteen propositions,
v. whereof it will be sufficient to repeat some few par-
I 642. ticulars: 7-
The sub f - " In which he first remembered then1 of their
stance 0
his majes- "method, they had observed in their proceedings
ty's answer .
to the nine-" to,vards hIm: that they had first totally suppressed
:
t

n

opo- ". the kno"Tn Iaw of the land, and denied his po,ver
" to be necessary to the making ne,v, reducing the
'" whole to their own declarations, and single votes:
"that they þad possessed themselves of his lua-
" gazines, forts, and militia: that they had so awed
" his subjects ,vith pursuivants, long chargeable at-
" ten dance ; heavy censures; illegal a imprisonments;
" that few of them durst offer to present their ten-
" derness of his majesty's sufferings, their o,vn just
" grievances, and their sense of those violations of
"the la,v, (the birthright of every subject of the
" kingdom,) though in an humble petition to both
" houses: and if any did, it ,vas stifled in the birth;
" called sedition; and burned by the common hang-
" man: that they had restrained the attendance of
"his ordinary and necessary household servants;
" and seized upon those small sunlS of Inoney, which
"his credit had provided to buy him bread; with
" injunctions, that no nloney b should be suffered to
" be conveyed, or returned to his majesty to York,
"or to any of his peers, or servants with him; so
" that, in effect, they had blocked hilTI up in that
" county: that they had filled the ears of his people
" ,vith fears and jealousies, (though taken up upon
" trust,) tales of skippers, salt fleets, and such like;

Z whereof it will be sufficient
to repeat some few particu-
lars:]
"'ot in lJlS.

a illegal] and il1egal
b no lnoney] none

OF THE REBELl
ION.

" by which alarms they fi1ight prepare them to re-
"ceive such impressions, as might best advance
" their design, ,vhen it should be ripe. And now, it
" seemed, they thought his majesty sufficiently pre-
"pared for those bitter pills; that he was in a
"handsolne posture to receive those hUlnble de-
" sires; ,vhich, probably, were intended to n1ake
" way for a superfætation of a yet higher nature;
" for they did not tell hin1, this was all. He said,
" he must observe, that those contrivers, (the better
" to advance their true ends,) in those propositions,
" disguised, as much as they could, their intents with
" a n1ixture of some things really to be approved by
" every honest man; others, specious and. popular;
" and sOlne which were already granted by his lTIa-
" jesty: all ,vhich were cunningly twisted and mixed
" ,vith those other things of their main design, of
" ambition and private interest, in hope that, at the
" first view, every eye might not so clearly discern
" them in their proper colours.
" His majesty said, if the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9_, 10, 15,
" 16, 19, deillands had been writ, and printed, in a
" tongue unknown to his majesty and his people, it
" might have been possible, that he and they might
"have charitably believed the propositions to be
" such, as might have been in order to the ends
" pretended in the petition; to wit, the establish-
" filent of his honour and safety; the welfare and
" security of his subjects and dOlninions; and the
"relnoving those jealousies and differences, ,vhich
" ,vere said to have unhappily fallen betwixt his Ina-
" jesty and his people; and procuring both his n1a-
" jesty and thelll a constant course of honour, peace,
" and happiness: hut being read and understooù by
YOLo III. E

49

BOOK
V.

I G42.

BOOK
v.

] 642.

50

THE HISTORY

" aU, he could not but assure himself, that that pro-
" fession, joined to those propositions, \vould rather
"appear a mockery, and a scorn; the demands
" being such, that he were un\vorthy of the trust re-
" posed in him by the law, and. of his descent frolD
"so many great and famous ancestors, if he could
"be brought to abandon that po\ver, ,vhich alone
" could c enable hiln to perform what he ,vas sworn
" to, in protecting his people, and the laws; and so
" assume others into it, as to divest hin1self of it,
" although not only his present condition were III ore
" necessitous than it was, (which it could hardly be,)
" and he were both vanquished, and a prisoner, and.
" in a \vorse condition than ever the most unfortu-
" nate of his predecessors had been reduced to, by
"the most criminal of their subjects; and though
"the bait laid to draw him to it, and to keep his
" subjects from indignation at the mention of it, the
"promises of a plentiful and unparalleled revenue,
" ,vere reduced from generals (which signify nothing)
" to clear and certain particulars; since such a bar-
" gain would have but too great a resemblance of
" that of Esau's, if he would part with such flo,vers
" of his cro\vn, as were worth all the rest of the
" garland, and had been translnitted to hiIn froru so
" many ancestors, and had been found so useful and
" necessary for the welfare and security of his suu-
" jects, ford any present necessity, or for any lo\v and
" sordid considerations of wealth and gain. And
" therefore, aU IHen kno\ving that those aCC0111nlO-
" dations are most easily luade, and most exactly oh-
"served, that are grounded upon reasonable aud

c alone could] could ouly

c1 for] or for

OF THE REBELLION.

" equal conditions, his n1ajesty had great cause to be-
" lieve, that the contrivers of those propositions had
" no intention of settling any firm accolnlnodation;
" but to increase those jealousies, and widen that di-
" vision, which, not by his majesty's fault, ,vas now
" unhappilye fallen between him and both houses.
" It ,vas asked, that an lords and others of his
" privy-council, and such great officers and 111inis-
"ters of state, either at home or beyond the seas,
" (for, he said, care was taken to leave out no per-
" son or place, that his dishonour might be sure not
"to be bounded within this kingdolTI,) should be
" put froln his privy-council, and fronl those offices
" and elnployments, unless they should be approved
" by both houses of parliament, how faithful soever
"his Inajesty had found tbem to hiln, and f to the
" public; and how far soever they had been froln
" offending against any law, the only rule they had,
" or any others ought to ha ve, to ,valk by. His
"majesty therefore to that part of that denland
"returned this ans,ver; That he was ,villing to
" grant, that they should take a larger oath, than
" they themselves desired in their eleventh delnand,
"for maintaining not of any part, hut the whole g
"law. And, he said, he had, and did assure thenl,
" that he would be careful to make election of such
" persons in those places of trust, as had given good
" testimonies 01 their abilities and integrities, and
" against ,vhom there could he no just cause of ex-
"ception, whereon reasonably to ground a diffi..
" dence: that if he had, or should be Inistaken in
"his election, he had, and did assure thenl, that

e unhappily] happily r and] or g the whole] of the whole
1':2

51

BOOK
V.

I G42.

.

BOOK
v.
1642.

52

THE HISTORY

" there ,vas no Illan so near to him, in place or
" affection, whom he ,,,"ouId not leave to the justice
" of the la\v, if they should bring a particular charge
"and sufficient proof against hin1: that he had
" given then1 a triennial parlian1ent, (the best pledge
" of the effects of such a prolnise on his part, and
" the best security for the perfornlance of their duty
"on theirs,) the apprehension of whose justice
" would, in all probability, make then1 ,vary ho,v
" they provoked it, and his majesty wary, ho,v he
"chose such as, by the discovery of their faults,
" 111ight in any degree seem to discredit his election;
" but that h ,vithout any shado,v of a fault objected,
" only perhaps because they follow their conscienc('s,
" and preserve the established la\vs, and agree not
" in such votes, or assent not to such bills, as SOUle
" persons, who had then too great an influence C\Tcn
" upon both houses, judged, or seemed to judge, to
" be for the public good, and as were agreeable to
" that ne,v Utopia of religion and governlllent, into
",vhich they endeavoured to transforln this king-
"dom, (for, he said, he relnembered '\That IHl111eS,
"and for ,vhat reasons, they left out in the hill
" offered hin1 concerning the u1ilitia, which they had
"thelTISelves reconln1ended in the ordinance,) he
"would never consent to the displacing of any,
" ,,,,h0111 for their forn1er 111erits fron1, and affection
"to his l11ajesty and the public, he had intrusted;
"since, he conceived, that to do so ,vould take
" a\vay both froin the affection of his servants, the
" care of his service, and the honour of his justice:
" and, he said, he the n10re "rondered that it should

h that] that that

OF THE REBELLION.

" be asked by thenl, since it appears by the t\velfìh
"denland, that themselves counted it reasonable,
" after the present turn ,vas served, that the judges
"and officers, who ,,,ere then placed, might hold
" their places, qua1Jldill se belle gesserint: and he
" was resolv"ed to be as careful of those ,vhom he
"had chosen, as they ,vere of those they ,vould
" choose; and to I'emove none, till they appeared to
$' hin} to have otherwise behaved thelnselves, or
"should be evicted, by legal proceedings, to have
" done so.
" But, his majesty said, that delnand, as unrea-
"sonable as it was, was but one link of a great
" chain, and but the first round of that ladder, by
" \vhich his majesty's just, ancient, regal power ,vas
" endeavoured to be fetched down to the ground;
" for it appeared plainly that it was not with the

, persons now chosen, hut with his majesty's choos-
" ing, that they were displeased: for they delnanded,
" that the persons put into the places and employ-
" luents of those, who should be relnoved, lnight be
" approved by both houses; which ,vas so far from
" being less than the power of nOlnination, that of
" two things, of which he \vould never grant either,
" he ,vollld sooner be content, that they should no-
" Ininate, and he approve
than they approve, and
" his majesty nominate; the mere nomination being
" so far from being any thing, that if he could do no
" more, he \vould never take the pains to do that;
" ,vhen he should only hazard \vhom i he esteen1cd to
" th

corn of a refusal, if they happened not to be
" agreeable not only to the judgnlent, but to the pas-

i W110Hl] those whOln
E3

53

BOOK
V,

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 6-1:
.

54

'l"HE HISTORY

" sion, interest, or humour of the present major part
" of either house: not to speak of the great factions,
" anilnosities, and divisions, ,vhich that power would
" introduce in both houses, hetween both houses, and
" in the several counties for the choice of persons to
" he sent to that place, where that power was; and
,. between the persons that were so chosen. Neither
" ,vas that strange potion prescribed to him only for
" once, for the cure of a present, pressing, desperate
" disease; but for a diet to hÏ1n, and his posterity.
" It was demanded, that his counsellors, all chief
" officers both of law and state, comnlanders of forts
H and castles, and all peers hereafter made; be ap-
"proved of, that is chosen, by them fron1 tilne to
" time: and rather than it should ever be left to
"the cro\vn, (to \vhom it only did and should be-
" long,) if any place fall void in the intermission of
" parlialnent, the major part of the approved coun-
" cil ,vas to approve thenl. Neither was it only de-
"manded that his majesty should quit the power
" and right his predecessors had had of appointing
" persons in those places; but for counsellors, he
" \vas to be restrained, as well in the nunlber as in
" the persons; and a power mnst be annexed to
"those places, ,vhich their predecessors had not.
" And, indeed, if that po\ver \vere passed to them,
" he said, it would not be fit he should be trusted to
" choose those, who were to be trusted as OlliCh as
" hitnself.
" He told them, to grant their demands in the
" manner they proposed them, that all lnatters that
" concerned the public, &c. should be resolved, and
" transacted only in parlialnent, and such other mat.
" tel'S of state, &c. by the privy-council so chosen,

OF THE REBELLION.

" was in effect at once to depose hiInself, and his
"posterity. He said, lnany expressions in their de-
" Inands had a greater latitude of signification, than
" they seemed to have; and that it concerned his ma-
" jesty therefore the more, that they should speak
" out; that both he and his people might either
" knòw the bottom of their demands, or kno\v them
"to be bottomless. Nothing more concerned the
" public, and was indeed TIl0re proper for the high
"court of parliament, than the making of laws;
" ,vhich not only ought there to be transacted, but
" could be transacted no ,vhere else. But then they
" must adlnit his majesty to be a part of the par-
" lianlent; they TI1Ust not (as the sense was of that
" part of that denland, if it had any) deny the freedom
" of his answer, when he had as much right to reject
" what he thought unreasonable, as they had to pro-
" pose ,vhat they thought convenient, or necessary.
" Nor was it possible his answers, either to bills, or
" any other propositions, should be ,vholly free, if he
" nlight not use the liberty, that everyone of them,
" and every subject took, to receive advice (without
" their danger who should give it) from any person
"kno,vn or unknown, sworn or unsworn, in those
"matters in which the manage of his vote is k
" trusted, by the law, to his own judgment and con-
" science; which how best to inforln ,vas, and ever
" should be, left likewise to him. He said, he would
" always, with due consideration, weigh the advices
" both of his great, and privy-council: yet he should
" like\\rise look on their advices, as advices, not as
" cOl1ullands, or impositions; upon them, as his coun-

k is] was
E4

55

BOOK
v.
1642.

56

THE HISTORY

J 642.

" sellors, not as his tutors, or guardians; and upon
," hinlsc14 as their king, not as their pupil, or ,vard:
"for, he said, \\rhatsoever of regality \vas, by the
" luodesty of interpretation, left in his Inajesty, in
" the first part of the second delnand, as to the par-
" liainent, was taken froin him in the second part of
"the saIne, and placed in that ne,vfangled kind of
" counsellors, whose pOlver was such, and so express-
"ed by it, that in all public acts concerning the
"affairs of the kingdonl, which are proper for the
" privy-council, (for \\Those advice all public acts are
" sometimes proper, though never necessary,) they
",vere desired to be adnlitted joint patentees ,vith
" his majesty in the regality. And it ,vas not plain-
" ly expressed, whether they meant his nlajesty so
" 111uch as a single vote in those affairs; but it was
"plain they meant hinl no more, at most, than a
" single vote in them; and no nlore po,ver, than
" everyone of the rest of his fellow -counsellors."
And so after a sharp discourse, and explanation
of the unreasonableness of the several denlands, or
the greatest part of theIn, and the confusion that,
by consenting thereunto, would redound to the sub-
ject in general, as well as the dishonour to his Ina-
jesty, (which may be read at large by itself,) he told
then1, "to all those unreasonable demands, his an-
" s\ver ,vas, Þlobl1JlU8 leges AlIgliæ 'JJlutari: but re-
"ne,ved his pronlise to then), for a very punctual
"and strict oLservation of the known la,vs esta-
" hlishcd; to which purpose he 'vas willing an oath
"should be fran1ed by theIn, and taken by all his
"privy-counsellors. And for any alteration in the
" government of the church, that a national synod
" should be called, to propose what should be found

BOOK
v.

OF THE REBELLION.

" necessary or convenient: and that, for the advance-
"luent of the protestant religion against the pa-
" pists, they had not proposed so luuch to his ma-
"jesty, as he ,vas willing to grant, or as he had
" hÌ111self offered before. He concluded with con-
" juring theIn, and all men, to rest satisfied with the
"truth of his lnajesty's professions, and the reality
" of his intentions; and not to ask such things as
" denied thelnsel ves : that they ,vould declare against
" tunlults, and punish the authors: that they \vould
" allow his nlajesty his property in his to\vns, arms,
" and goods; and his share in the legislative po,ver ;
" which would he counted in hinl not only breach of
"privilege, but tyranny, and subversion of parlia-
"ments, to deny to thenl: and, when they should
"have given hi III satisfaction upon those persons,
" who had taken away the one, and recalled those
" declarations, (particularly that of the twenty-sixth
" of l\lay; and those in the point of the militia, his
" just rights ,vherein he \vould no 1110re part with,
" than \vith his cro,vn, lest he enabled others by
"them to take that froln hiln,) ,vhich would take
" a \yay the other; and declined the beginnings of a
" ,val' against his nlajesty, under pretence of his in-
" tention of making one against them; as he had
" never opposed the first part. of the thirteenth de-
" 111and, so he would be ready to concur with then1
"in the latter; and being then confident that the
" credit of those men, ,vho desire a general conlhus-
" tion, would be so weakened ,vith thenl, that they

',vould not he able to do this kingdolll any Inore
" hurt, he ,vollld he willing to grant his generall)ar-
" don, with such exceptions as should be thought
" fit; and should receive nluch nlore joy in the hope

57

BOOK
v.

J 642.

BOOK
V.
] G42.

58

TIlE HISTORY

" of a full and constant happiness of his people in
" the true religion, and under the protection of the
" law, by a blessed union between his majesty and
" his parlian1ent, than in any such increase of his own
" revenue, how much soever beyond former grants,
" as (when his subjects ,vere ,vealthiest) his parlia-
" ment could 1 have settled upon his majesty."
Though the king now lived at York in a much
Inore princely condition, than he could have hoped
to have done near London; and had so great a train
and resort of the nobility and gentry, that there was
not left a fifth part of the house of peers at "Test-
minster; and truly I do not believe, that there ,vas
near a moiety of the house of COlnmons who con-
tinued there; yet his ll1ajestym made no other use,
for the present, of their presence "Tith him, and of
their absence from the t,vo houses, than to have so
lTIany the n10re, and the more credible ,vitnesses of
his n counsels and carriage; and to undeceive the
people by his clear answers to all the scandals and
reproaches which were laid on hin1, and by his am-
pIc professions and protestations of his sincere zeal
to religion and justice; and to Inake it appear
o
them, how far the quality and tht-> number of those
,,- ho thought, or seemed to think, other\vise, was,
froll1 ,vhat they nlight imagine it to he. And it can-
not he denied, but the people \vere every day visiLly
rcforl11ed in their understandings, froln the supersti-
tious reverence they had paid the t\VO houses; and
grc\v sensible of their duty to the king, and of those
invasions ,vhich ,vere offered to his regal dignity.
On the other side, the t\VO houses slackened not

I could] should

m his majesty] he

n his] his majesty's

OF THE REBELLION.

59

their pace a jot, proceeded with great and unusual BOOK
sharpness against those members who were gone to v.
the king; proclaiming some of them by name "to 1642.
"be enemies to the kingdoll1," and, by a formal
judgment, sentencing nine peers together, " to be
"incapable of sitting again in parliament, whilst
" this should continue :" the house of commons hav-
ing carried up an impeachment of misden1eanours
against them, (which was as illegal in point of jus-
tice, and as extravagant in point of privilege, as
any thing they could do,) "for being absent, and re-
,. fusing to attend, upon a summons from the house
" of peers:" and upon their own meillbers they im-
l)osed a fine of 100l. apiece, on everyone who was
gone to the king, and upon those, who being in other
})]aces, they thought were well affected to his ser-
vice: yet, lest they should upon this proceeding re-
turn again, to disturb and cross their counsels, they
l)rovided, " that no luan, upon ,vholl1 that sentence
" fell, should sit again in the house (though he paid
" his fine) till he had been examined by a conlmittee,
" and so given the house satisfaction in the cause of
" his absence." And, by those means, they thought
both to remove the scandal, that so many mell1bers
\vere absent, and to prevent any inconvenience too,
t}lat might befall theln by their return. For they
\vell kne\v, if the ll1embers of both houses were
obliged to a constant and strict attendance, it would
not be possible that they could cOlllpass their mis-
chievous designs.
Then they prosecuted their great business of the
roposi-
. . . . twns and
l1uhtIa, not only near London, where they \vere In orders of
d f .. b · h h both houses
no anger 0 OpposItIon, ut In t ose nort ern coun- for bring-
ties near his JUajesty, as Leicestershire, Cheshire,

lli;;' and

BOOK
v.
] G42.
plate for
m:\Ïntain-
ing horse,
&c. June
10, 1642.

60

TIlE HISTORY

Lincolnshire, ,"yhere whosoever refused to give ohe-
dience to then1, or published thp king's proclamation
against their proceedings, (for the king had yet prac-
tised no expedient to prevent the growth of that
nlischief, but the publishing his proclanlation against
it,) were sent for as delinquents; and not satisfied
herewith, that they Inight be as wpll able to pay an
arl11Y, as they foun
they should be to raise one, on
the tenth of June (for the tilue will be very neces-
sary to be remembered, that it l11ay be the better
stated, ,vho took up the defensive arms) they pub-
lished propositions, "for the bringing in of money
" or plate to n1aintain horse, horselnen, and arms,
" for the preservation of the public peace, and for
" the defence of the king and both houses of parlia-
" l11ent; the reasons and grounds whereof they de-
"clared to be the king's intention to make war
" against his parliament; that, under pretence of a
" guard for his person, he had actually Legun to levy
" forces, both of horse and foot; and sent uut sunl-
" Inons throughout the county of York, for the call-
" ing together of greater nUl11hers; and son1e ill
" affected persons, in other parts, had been enI ploy-
" ed to raise troops, under the colour of his majesty's
" service; nlaking large offers of re,vard and prefer-
" ment to such as ,,,QuId come in: that his l11ajesty
" did, \vith a high and forcible hand, protect and
"keep a\vay delinquents, not permitting them to
"lnake their appearance to ans,yer such affronts
,. and injuries, as had been hy thel11 offered to the
" parlial11ent; and those messengers, ,vhich had heen
" sen t fron1 the houses for them, had been abused,
" heaten, and imprisoned, so as the orders of parlia-
" l11ent, the highest court of. justice in the realm,

OF THE REBELLION.
61

" \vere not obeyed; and the authority of it was al-
" together scorned and vilified; and such persons as
" stood well affected to it, and declared themselves
" sensible of those public calan1Îties, and of the v'io-
"]ations of the privileges of parliaU1ent, and con1-
"ll10n liberty of the subject, \vere baffled, and in-
" jured by several sorts of malignant TIlen, ,vho ,vere
" about the king; some \vhereof, under the name of
"cavaliers, \vithout having respect to the laws of
" the land, or any fear either of God or man, were
" ready to con1nlit all manner of outrage and vio-
" Ience ; ,vhich must needs tend to the dissolution of
" the government; the destruction of their religion,
"la\vs, liberties,O properties;p all ,vhich would he
" exposed to the malice and violence of such despe-
" rate persons, as must he el11ployed in so horrid and
" unnatural an act, as the overthro,ving a parlianlcn t
" by force; \vhich was the support and preservation
" of then1. Those particulars, they said, being duly
"considered by the lords and con1n10ns, and ho,v
" great an obligation lay upou then), in honour, COll-
" science, and duty, according to the high trust rc-
" posed in then1 to use all possible lneans, in such
" cases, to prevent so great and irrecoverable evils,
" they had thought fit to publish their sense and ap-
"prehension of that imminent danger; thereby to
" excite all ,veIl affected persons to contribute their
" best assistance, according to their solemn vow and
" protestation, to the preparations necessary for the
"opposing and suppressing of the traitorous nt-
" telnpts of those wicked and l11alignant counsellors,
"who sought to engage the king in so dangerous

o libertie
,] l1berty,

P properties;] property;

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 642.

6

THE HISTORY

" and destructive an enterprise, and the whole king-
" dom in a civil war; and destroy the privileges and
" being of parlian1ents.
"This recourse to the good affections of those,
"that tender their religion and just liberties, and
" the enjoyment of the blessed fruits of this present
" parlianlent, \vhich were ahnost ready to be reap-
" ed, and were now as ready to be ruined by those
" wicked hands, bei
g, they said, the only remedy
"left thelTI under God; and without \vhich they
"were no longer able to preserve themsel ves, or
"those by whom they were intrusted: therefore
" they declared, that whosoever would bring in any
" proportion of ready money or plate, or would un-
" der
vrite to furnish and Inaintain any number of
" horse, horsemen, and arms, for the preservation of
" the public peace, and for the defence of the king,
" and both houses of parlialuent, frolu force and vio-
" lence, and to uphold the power and privileges of
" parlialnent, according to his protestation; it should
" be held a good and acceptable service to the con1-
" nlonwealth, and a testÏInony of his good affection
" to the protestant religion, the laws, liberties, and
" peace of the kingdo111; and to the parlialuent, and
" privileges thereof. And they further declared,
" that whosoever brought in money or plate, or fur-
" nished and maintained horse, horsemen, and arms,
"upon these propositions, and to those purposes,
" should be repaid their money with interest of eight
"per cellt; for which they did engage the public
" faith, and they appóinted the guildhall in London
" for the place \vhither this money or plate should
" be brought; and four aldermen of London to be
"their treasurers for the receiving the saIne; and

OF THE REBELLION.

<< likewise other confiding Dlen to recetve and prize
" such horses and arlns, as should be brought in
" for their service. And, lastly, for their better en-
" couragement, the menlbers of both houses appoint-
" ed a solelnn day to set do\vn their own suhscrip-
" tions;" which they perforn1ed liberally.
1\10st of those "rho abhorred their impious designs,
not thinking it lawful for them to be present at such
consultations, \vithdrew before the day caIne, or ab-
sented theillsel ves then. But many had the courage
to be present, and stoutly to refuse \vhat they thought
they could not honestly consent to. Sir Henry KilIi-
grew, ,vho ,vas a remarkable enelnyq to all their de-
vices, being called upon, told them, " if there \vere
"occasion, he \vould provide a good horse, and a
" good sword; and lnade no question but he should
"find a good cause." But, \vithin very few days,
both he, and all those who \vere taken notice of for
refusing, found it safest for thenl to leave the town;
there being very visibly great anÍ1nosity against the01
both \vithin and \vithout the \valls. And a gentle-
man of good quality assured 111e afterwards, that,
within few days after he had refused to subscribe,
he ,vas privately advised by one of the other fac-
tion, who yet retained some kindness to him, " to
" leave the town, lest his brains \vere beaten out hy
" the boys in the streets." And Inany of those 'v ho
too impotently desired not to be looked upon as rc-
fractory persons, and had pleased thenlselv.es ,vith
subscribing more articulately for the defence of the
king's person, found it afterwards necessary to sup..
ply \vhatsoever they had subscribed, to be employed

q a remarkable encmy] notoriou!'ly an enemy

63

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

64

THE HISTORl"

that \vay as \vas declared to be for the defence of
the king's person, \vhatsoever their intention was at
first, or their opinion after. And it is hardly credi-
ble, what a vast proportion of plate ,vas brought in
to their treasurers within ten day s; there being hard-
ly men enough to receive it, or rOOln to lay it in ;
and the throng being so great of the bringers, that,
in t\VO days' attendance, Inany could not be dis-
charged of their seditious offerings. And, the very
next day after these propositions, they further or-
dered, " that there should be a strict search and ex-
"amination made by the justices of peace, mayors,
" bailiffs, and constables, near all the northern roads,
" for the seizing all horses for service in the 'val'S,
" or great saddles, that should be carried towards
" the north parts of England, without the privity or
"direction of one or both houses of parlian1ent;"
which was a great Ï1nprovelllent of their fornler or-
der, which extended only to arl11S and anu11unition ;
though, the truth is, the dexterity and spirit of their
nlinisters, \vho kne,v their Ineaning, made the for-
mer almost as inconvenient and dangerous to pas-
sengers, as the latter.
It ,vas by ll1any Ï1npatiently \vondered at then,
and, no doubt, \vill be nlore censured hereafter, that,
not,vithstanding all these invasions, and breaches
upon the regal power, and all these vast prepara-
tions to destroy hiln, the king, hitherto, put not
himself into a posture of safety; or provided for
the resistance of that power ,vhich threatened him;
and ,vhich, he could not but kno,v, intended \vhat-
soever it hath sinc
done: and though they had not
yet fornled an arnlY, and chosen a general, yet, he
\vell kne\v, tI)(
y had luaterials abundantly ready for

OF THE REBELLION. . 65

the first, and particular, digested resolutions in the
second; which they could reduce to public acts,
whensoever they pleased. It is very true, he did
kno\v all this, and the unspeakable hazards he run,
in not preparing against it. But the hazards, \vhich
presented themselves unto him on the other side,
\vere not less prodigious: he had a very great ap-
pearance of the nobility; and not only of those, who
had fron1 the beginning walked and governed them-
selves by the rules the law prescribed, and, in that
respect, were unblameable to king and people; but
of others, who had passionately and peevishly (to
say no worse) concurred in all the most violent votes
and actions, \vhich had been done fron1 the begin-
ning: for, besides the lord Spencer, (\vho had been
chosen their lieutenant of N orthamptonshire, but
was recovered to a right understanding, of \vhich he
was very capable, by his uncle the earl of Southalnp-
ton,) the lord Paget likewise, \vho had contributed
all his faculties to their service, and to the prejudice
of the king's, from before the beginning of the par-
lialnent; had r been one of their teasers to broach
those bold high overtures soberer 111en were not, at
fir
t, \villing S to be seen in; and had been, as a luau
most worthy to be confided in, chosen lord lieutenant
of one of the most confiding counties, the county of
Buckinghaln, (where he had, with great solemnity
and pOlnp, executed their ordinance, in defiance of
the king's proclan1ation,) and had su bscribed a greater
number of horses for their service, upon their propo-
sitions, than any other of the san1e quality; con-
vinced in his conscience, fled frOln then1, and be-

r had] Omitted in MS.
VOL. III.

:; at first, wi1ling] willing at first
}'

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 642.

'\
..
'i ..

66

l.'HE HIS
rORY

sought the king's pardon: and,. for the better mani-
festing the t tenderness of his compunction, and the
horror he had. of his former guilt, he frankJy U dis-
covered ,,
hatsoever he had kno"Tn of their counsels;
and aggrayated all the ill they had done, ,vith de-
claring it to be done to worse and n10re horrid enòs,
than many good men believed to be possible for theln
to propose to themselves. x
Not,vithstanding, this glorious convention "ras ra-
ther an ornament to his court, than any great ad-
vantage to his counsels; and the use of them lnore
to discredit the snlall ren
ainder at \Vestn1inster, and
that the people might see the nUlnber and quality of
the dissenters, than that they contrivedY any thing to
the active hnprovement of his affairs; every Ulan
thinking it high nlerit in him, that he absented him-
self from the cOl1lpany and place, where all the nlis-
chief ,vas done; and that the keeping hirnself nega-
tively innocent, was as nluch as he o,ved his king
and country. I am willing z to impute it to the
dro"rsy and unactive genius of the kingdo111, (con-
tracted by long ease and quiet,) ",-hich so nlueh ab-
horred the thoughts of a civil war, that it thought
a lively and vigorous preparation against it, was to
invite it: and there were a very few of all the great
lords, "rho did attend upon the king, who did not

t the] of the
u frankly] lustily
x to propose to themseh-es.]
to entertain.
Y contrived] contributed
z I am willing] Thus origi-
nally in iUS.: I am tender of
laying any imputation of want
of providence or courage upon
that time, and upon so great.

a body of the nobility, whi("h
doubtless was the rise of much
relJutation and advantage to the
king; and am willing, &c.
a and there were) Thus ori-
ginally in .J.}] S.: And they all
(trul} there did not appear four
counsellors of another opinion)
declared to the king, that the
par]iarñ...
nt, &c.

OF THE REBELLION.

declare, "that the parliament durst not in truth
" (\vhatever shows they Inade in hope to shake his
" majesty's. constancy) Inake a war; and if they
"should attenlpt it, the people ,vould unanÍlnously
" rise for the king, 'v ho \vould be nlost safe by not
"intending his o\vn safety. 'Vhereas, if he raised
" forces, the parlialnent ,voldd procure themselves to
" be believed, that it ,vas to overthrow religion, and
"suppress the la,vs and liberties of the people.':
They ,vho \\?ere of another opinion, and could have
spoken more reason, held it not safe to express thenl-
selves but in the king's o,vn ear; there being in the
great council of the peers, ,vho, for state, \vere fre-
quently asselnbled, and by ,vhonl in truth the king
. then desired to ha"e transacted all things of mo-
nlcnt, SOIne \vho were not good counsel-keepers, and
others who ,vere looked upon, and believed to be spies
upon the rest. But that which nlade the thought
of raising forces (whatever arguments there ,vere for
it) absolutely unreasonable, was, that the king had
no possibHity to procure either arl11S, or' munition,
but froln IIolland; froln ,vhence he daily expected
supply: and till that arrived, let his provocat.ions
and sufferings be what they could be, he was to suu-
mit, and hear it patiently.
In the mean time, for a ground of further pro-
ceeding upon occasion, the king desired the peers
in council to set do\vn in \vriting the affronts and
violence, ,vhich had been offered to thenl at London,
hy which thcir presence in the great council of the
kingdonl was rendered both unsafè and dishonour-
able; the which they the 1no 'e ,villingly conde-
scended to, for that the London palnphlets already
aspersed theIn, as deserters of the par1ianlent, and
F2

67

BOOK
v.

1 G42.

BOOK
V.

] 642.

68

l.'HE HISTORY

betrayers of the liberty of their country: an instru-
ment being drawn up, and agreed upon bet\veen
them, in which they set down "the tumults, and
" the violence offered to particular persons in those
" tUlllults; the threats and menaces of the rabble at
" the doors of the house, lvhen they had a mind any
" exorbitant thing should pass; the breach and vio-
"lation of the old orders and rules of parlianlent,
" whilst matters \vere in debate, and the resluning
"lnatters again in a thin house; and reversing,
"waving, or contradicting resolutions. made in a
" full house: and, lastly, Mr. Hollis's corning to the
" bar, and demanding the names of those lords ,vho
" refused to consent to the militia, when the n1ulti-
" tude without menaced and threatened all those
" dissenters:" after ,vhich, they said, "they con-
" ceived they could not be present there \vith ho-
" nour, freedom, or safety; and therefore forbore to
" be any more present; and so all those votes, con-
" elusions, and declarations had passed, which had
" begot those distractions throughout the kingdon1."
And this they delivered to the king, signed under
their hands. And yet, (which is a sufficient in-
stance how unendued men were with that spirit and
courage \vhich was requisite,) the next day after the
delivery, lllany lords caIne to his majesty, and be-
sought him, " that he would by no nleans publish
" that paper, but keep it in his own hands;" SOine
of them saying, "that, if it 'v ere published, they
" would disavow it:" so that nlaterial and weighty
evidence, ,vhieh then might have been of sovereign
use to the king, ,vas rendered utterly ineffectual to
his service; his majesty finding it necessary to en-
gage his princely \vord to thcin, "never to make it

OF THE REBELLION..

69

" public without their consent;" which he perforlned BOOK
nlost punctually; and so, to this day, it was never v.
di vulged.
To Inake some little amends for this want of
mettle, (for it proceeded from nothing else, they be-
ing 1110st shy in subscribing, and most passionate
against publishing, who were of unquestionable af-
fection to his majesty, and integrity to his cause,)
and that the \vorld might see there was a combina-
tion among good men, to assist his majesty in the
defence of the law, as well as there \vas against
both by others; upon the king's declaring hin1self
fully in council, \vhere all the peers were present,
" that, as b he would not require or exact any obe- His majes-
. ty's decla-
" dH
nce from them, but ,vhat should be warranted ration to
" by the known la\v of the land; so he did expect

:e
o;i
Sg
" that they would not yield to any commands not

k:
une
" legally grounded, or imposed by any other: that 13, 1642.
" he would defend everyone of them, and aU such
"as should refuse any such commands, \vhether
" they proceeded from votes and orders of both
" houses, or any other way, from all dangers and
" hazards whatsoever. That his n1ajesty ,vould de-
"fend the true protestant religion, established by
"the law of the land; the lawful liberties of the
" subjects of England; and just privileges of all the
" three estates of parliament; and would require no
" further obedience from them, than as accordingly
" he should perform the san1e: and his ll1ajesty did
" further declare, that he would not, as ,vas falsely
" pretended, engage then1, or any of them, in any
" ,val' against the parlialnent; except it were for

1642.

b as] Not in
IS.
:F 3

70

THE HIS'rORY

BOO K "his necessary defence and safety, against such as
v. " did insolently invade or attelnpt against his l11a-
I ú4:!. "jesty, or such as should adhere to his l11ajesty:"
T
le pro- all the peers engaO'ed themselves, "not to obey any
nnse of the b
InrJs and "orders or comll1ands \vhatsoever, not ,varranted
others
th
reupon. " by the kno,vn laws of the land; and to defend
" his majesty's person, cro,vn, and dignity, together
" \\YÎth his just and legal prerogative, against all
" persons and power wyhatsoever: that they \vould
" defend the true protestant religion, established by
"the la\v of the land; the la\vful liberties of the
" subject of England; and just privileges of his Ina-
" jesty, and both his houses of parlialnent: and,
" lastly, they engaged thelnselves not to obey any
" rule, order, or ordinance ,vhatsoever, concerning
" any luilitia, that had not the royal assent."
This being subscribed by their lordships ,vas,
,vith their consent, inlmediately printed, and care-
fully divulged over the kingdoln, bearing date at
York the thirteenth of June, 1642, \vith the nan1es
o
the subscribers. T\vo days after, his nlajesty in
council taking notice of the rumours spread, and in-
forll1ations given, ,vhich nlight induce 111any to be-
lieve, that his Inajesty intended to n1ake ,val' against
His majes- his pariiaillent, "professed before God, and said, he
ty's decla- ,
ration and "declared to all the ,vorld, that he al \yays had, and

;oJ:
:
oln5, " did abhor all such designs, and desired all his no-
]642
dis- " bility and council, ,vho \vere there upon the place,
av()wmg
any inten- "to declare, \vhether they had not been ,vitnesses
tions of .
raising " of his frequent and earnest declarations and pro-
war. "fessions to that purpose: ,vhether they sa\v any
" colour of preparation C or counsels, that Blight rea-

c preparation] preparations

OF THE I{EBELLION.

71

" sonably beget a belief of any such design; and BOOK
" whether they were not fully persuaded, that his v.
" Inajesty had no such intention: but that all his 1642.
"endeavours, according to his many professions,
" tended to the firln and constant settlelnent of the
"true protestant religion; the just privileges of
" parlialnent; the liberty of the subject; the law,
" peace, and prosperity of this kingdoln."
'Vhereupon all the lords and counsellors IJresent
unanhnously agreed, and did sign a paper in these
words:
" 'Ve, whose names are under written, in obedi- The decla-
h . . , d . d f h d ration and
" ence to IS InaJesty s eSlre, an out 0 t e uty pmfession
"" which ,ve owe to d his ma-iest y 's honour and to oft.helords
tJ , and coun-
"truth bein g here U p on the I Jlace and witnesses ofsellors to
, , the same
"his majesty's frequent and earnest declarations effect.
"and professions of his abhorring all designs of
" making war upon his parliament; and not seeing
" any colour of preparations or counsels, that 'nlight
" reasonably beget the belief of any such designs,
" do profess before Goù, and testify to all the \vorld,
" that we are fully persuaded that his majesty hath
" no such intention: but that all his endeavours
"tend to the firln and constant settlen1ent of the
"true protestant religion; the just privileges of
" parlialnent; the liberty of the subject; the la\v,
"_ peace, and prosperity of this kingdoln." 'Vhich
te
tin10ny and declaration was su bscribed by

Ld. Littleton,eld.keeper. Duke of Richmond. Earl of Lind
cy.
Marquis of Hertford. Earl of Cumberland. Earl of Bath.
Earl of Southampton. Earl of Salisbury. Earl of Dorset.
":arl of Devonshire. Earl of Cambridge. Earl of Northampton.

d to] unto
e The order in which tlu'se
namps are subscribed, is some-

what different ill the JUS. as
may be seen in the Appendi f, A.

F4

BOOK
V.

J 642.

His majes-
ty's decla-
ration
thereupon.

7Q

'I'HE I-IISTORY

Earl of Clare. El. of , Vest morcland. Earl of Bristol.
Earl of .Monmouth. Earl Rivers. Earl of Berkshire. ·
Earl of Carnan'on. Earl of Newport. Earl of Dover.
Lù. 'Vil1oughbyofEresby. Ld.Grey of Ruthin. Ld Mowbray and l\Iartra,'ers.
Lord Newark. Lord Pawlett. Lord Howard of Charleton.
Lorù Rich. Lord Sa"Ue. Lord Lovelace.
Lord Coventry. Lord Dunsmore. Lord l\1ohun.
Lord Capel. Lord Seymour.
Lord Falkland. Sir P. \Vich, controller. Secretary Nicholas.
SirJ .Colepepper, chan. exch. Ld.Ch.J usticcBanks.

This testimony of the lords and counsellors was
Ï1nlnediately printed, and published, together with a
declaration of his nlajesty's; in ,vhich he said,
" That though he had, in the last seven Inonths,
" met with so n1any several encounters of strange
" and unusual declarations, under the name of both
"his houses of parlian1ent, that he should not Le
"an1azed at any new prodigy of that kind; and
" though their last of the twenty-sixth of l\lay gave
" hhn a fair \varning that, the contrivers of it hav-
" ing spen t all their stock of bitter and reproachful
"language upon him, he was no\v to eÀpect they
" should break out into some bold and disloyal ac-
" tions against hin1: and, having by that declara-
" tion, as far as in then1 lay, divested his majesty of
" that preeminence and authority, which God, the
" law, the custon1 and consent of this nation f had
" placed in hiln, and assumed it to thelnselves, that
" they should like\vise, with expedition, put forth
" the fruits of that supreme power, for the violating
"and suppressing the other which they despised,
"(an effect of ,vhich resolution, he said, their de-
" claration g against his proclamation concerning the
"pretended ordinance for the militia, and their h

f this nation] that nation
g their declaration] their wild

declaration
b their] the

OF THE REBELLION.

" punishing of the proclaimers appeared to be,) yet,
" he Inust confess, in their last atten1pt (he said, he
" spoke i of the last he knew; they might probably
" since, or at that present, have outdone that too)
" they had outdone what his lnajesty bad conceived
"was their present intention. And whosoever
" heard of proPQsitions, and orders, for bringing in
" of raoney or plate to n1aintain horse, and k horse-
" men, and arlns, for the preservation of the public
" peace, or for the defence of the king and both
"houses of parliament, (such was their declaration,
" or what they please to call it, of the tenth of
" June,) would surely believe the peace of the king-
"do111 to be extremely shaken; and, at least, the
"king himself to be consulted with, and privy to
" those propositions. But, he said, he hoped, that
"'v hen his good. subjects should find, that that
" goodly pretence of defending the king, was but a
"specious bait to seduce ,veak and inconsiderate
" TIlen into the highest acts of disobedience and dis-
" loyalty against, his majesty, and of violence and
" destruction upon the la\vs and constitutions of the
" kingdonl, they would no longer be captivated by
" au implicit reverence to the name of both houses
" of parlian1ent; but would carefully exalnine and
" consider -what nUlnber of persons were present;
" and what persons were prevalent in those consult-
" ations; and how the debates were probably ma-
" naged, f1'oln whence such horrid and monstrous
" conclusions did result; and would at least weigh
"the reputation, wisdo111, and affection of those,
" who were notoriously kno\vn, out of the very ho1'-

i spoke] spake

k and] Nut in iUS.

73

BOOK
V.

1642.

.

BOOK
V.

J G-t:!.

74

THE IllS TORY

" 1"01" of their proceedings, to have withdra,vn thenl-
" selves; or, by their skill and violence to be driven
" from thein, and their councils.
"His majesty said, 1 whilst their fears and jea-
"lousies did arise, or ,vère infused into the people,
" from discourses of the rebels in Ireland, of skip-
" pers at Rotterdam, of forces fronl Den In ark, France,
" or Spain, (how ÏInprobable and ridiculous soever
" that hundle of inforn1ation appeared to all wise
" and knowing men,) it was no \vonder if the easi-
" ness to deceive, and the willingl1ess to be deceived,
.., did prevail over many of his weak subjects to be-
" lieve, that the dangers, which they did not see,
"might proceed fron1 causes which they did not
" understand: but for them to declare to all the
"",-orId, that his majesty intended to Inake ,val"
"against his parlia!l1ent, (\vhilst he sat still COffi-
" plaining to God Ahnighty of the injury offered to
" hin1, and to the very being of parliaU1ents,) and
" that he had already begun m actually to levy forces
"both of horse and foot, (,vhiIst he had only, in a
" legal ,yay, provided a smaller guard for the secur-
" ity of his o,vn person so near a rehellion at Hull,
"than they had, ,vithout la,vful authority, above
" these n eight months, upon Í1naginary and ilTI pos-
" sible dangers,) to in1pose upon his people's sense,
" as ,veIl as their understanding, by telling thelU
"his Inajesty was doing that ,vhich they saw he
" was not doing, and intending that, they all knew,
"as much as intentions could be known, he was
"not intending, ,vas a boldness agreeable to no
" po,ver but the olnnipotency of those votes, ,vhose

I said] Omitted in J.1JtIS. m begun] began n these] Not in J."JJS.

OF THE REBELLION.

" absolute supremacy had almost brought confusion
"upon the 0 king and people; and against which
" no knowledge in matter of fact, or consent and
" authority in n1atter of la,v, they would endure
" should be opposed.
"His lllajesty said,' he had, upon all occasions,
"with all pQssible expressions, professed his first p
"and unshaken resolutions for peace. And, he
" said, he did again, in the presence of Almighty
" God, his 111aker and redeelner, assure the ,,,,orId,
"that he had no more thought of making war q
" against his parliament, than against his o\vn chil-
" dren: that he ,vould observe and maintain the
" acts assented to by hiln this parlianlent without
" violation; of ,vhich, that for the frequent asseUl-
"bling of parlialnents ,vas one: and that he had
"not, nor would have, any thought of using any
" force; unless he should be driven to it, for the se-
" curity of his person, and for the defence of the re-
" ligion, la,vs, and liberty of the kingdoIll, and 'the
" just rights and privileges of parlialnent: and there-
." fore he hoped the nlalignant party, who had so
"nluch despised his person, and usurped his office,
" should not, by their specious fraudulent insinua.
" tions, prevail with his good subjects to give credit
"to their ,vicked assertions; and so to contribute
" their power and assistance for the ruin and de-
" struction of theulselves, and his Inajesty.
" For the guard about his person, (\\"hich, he said,
" not so Bluch their example, as their provocation,
" had enforced hiln to take,) it was kno\\"n it con-
" sisted of the prime gentry, in fortun
and reputa-

o the] Not in JJIS.

q war] d war

P first] fast

75

BOOK
V.

1642.

76

THE HISTORY

1 G-12.

"tion, of that country; and of one regiment of
" trained bands; "rho had been so far froll1 offering
" any affronts, injuries, or disturbance to any of his
" good subjects, that their principal end ,vas to pre-
" vent such; and so, might be security, could be no
" grievance to his people. That some ill affected
"persons, or any persons, had been employed in
" other parts to raise troops, under colour of his
" lnajesty's service; or that such had n1ade large, or
" any, offers of reward and preferl11ent to such as
" \vould COll1e in, which had been alleged by then1 ;
" was, he said, for aught he knew, or believed, an
" untruth, devised by the contrivers of that false
"rumour. His Inajesty disavo\ved it, and said, he
",vas confident there \vould be no need of any r
"such art, or industry, to induce his loving sub-
" jects, ,vhen they should see his majesty oppressed,
" and their liberties and la,vs confounded, (and till
"then he would not call on_ theln,) to come in to
" hin1, and to assist hiln.
"For the delinquents, 'VhOlll his majesty was
" said ,vith a high and forcible hand to protect, he
"wished they 11ligbt be named, and their delin-
" quency: and if his 11lajesty gave not satisfaction
" to justice, \vhen he should have received satisfac-
"tion concerning sir John Hotham by his legal
" trial, then let him be blamed. But if the design
" were, as it was well known to be, after his 111a-
" jesty had been driven by force froln his city of
" London, and kept by force froln his town of II ull,
,- to protect all those "rho were delinquents against
,,, hinl, and to lnake all those delinquents who at-

BOOK
v.

r any] Þlot ill ,lIS.

OF THE REBELLION.

" tended on hin1, or executed his lawful commands,
" he said, he had great reason to be satisfied in the
"truth and justice of such accusation, lest to be
" his majesty's servant, and to be a delinquent, grew
"to be terlns so convertible, that, in a short tÍlne,
" he were left as naked in attendance, as they would
"have him in power; and so cOlnpel him to be
" waited upon only by such ,vhom they should ap-
" point and allow; and in whose presence he should
" be more nliserably alone, than in desolation itself.
" And if the seditious contrivers and fOlnenters of
"that scandal upon his majesty should have, as
" they had had, the power to mislead the major
"part present of either or both houses, to make
" such orders, and send such lnessages and messen-
"gel's, as they had lately done, for the apprehen-
" sian of the great earls and barons of England, as
" if they were rogues or felons; and whereby per-
"sons of honour and quality were made delin-
" quents, merely for attending upon his majesty,
" and upon his summons; whilst other men were
"forbid to CaIne near hÏ1n, though obliged by the
" duty of their place and oaths, upon his lawful
" cOlnmands: it was no wonder if such lnessengers
" were not very well in treated; and such orders not
" well obeyed; neither could there be a surer or a
" cunninger ,yay found out to render the authority
" of both houses scorned and vilified, than to as-
" sume to themselves (merely upon the authority of
" the - nalne of parliament) a power monstrous to all
" understandings; and to do actions, and to Inake

, orders, evidently and demonstrably contrary to an
" known law and reason, (as to take up arms against
"his majesty, under colour of d
fending him; to

77

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V.

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'.

78

THE HISTOR"\

" cause lnoney to be brought in to ,them, and to for-
" bid his own money to be paid to his majesty, or
"to his use, under colour. that he would elnploy it
" ill; to beat him, and starve him for his o\vn good,
" and by his po,ver and authority,) \\rhich \vould in
" short tilne make the greatest court, and greatest
" person, cheap and of no estimation.
" \Vho those sensible lnen \vere of the public ca-
" lan1ities, of the violations of the privileges of par-
" lian1ent, and the COln010n liberty of the subject,
"who had been baffled, and injured by malignant
" men, and cavaliers about his majesty, his lnajesty
" said, he could not imagine. And if those cavaliers
" were so nllich \vithout the fear of-God and man,
" and so ready to comlnit all manner of outrage and
" violence, as \vas pretended, his majesty's govern-
" Inent ought to be the Inore esteen1ed, ,vhich had
"kept them from doing so; inson1uch as he be-
" lieved, no person had cause to cOIn plain of any in-
"jury, or' of any damage, in the least degree, hy
" any man about his majesty, or ,vho had offered
" his service to hiul. All \vhich being, he said, duly
" considered, if the contrivers of those propositions
" and orders had been truly sensible of the obliga-
" tions, "Thich lay upon them in honour, conscience,
" and duty, according to the high trust reposed in
"then1 by his lnajesty, and his people, they ,vould
" not have published such a sensp and apprehension
" of inlluinent danger, when ther
1selves, in their
" consciences, klle\V that the greatest, and indeed
" only danger, which threatened the church and
,
state, the blessed religion and liberty of his peo-
" pIe, ,vas in their o\vn desperate and seditious de-
" signs; and ,vould not have endeavoured, upon

OF 'l"IIE REBELLION.

" such ,veak and groundless reasons, to seduce his
" good subjects froln their affection and loyalty to
" hinI, to run then1selves into actions ull\varrantable,
" and destructive to the .peace and foundation of the
" commonwealth.
" And that all his loving subjects might see, how
" causeless and groundless that scandalous rUUlour,
" and itnputation of his lnajesty's raising war upon
" his parlian1ent, \vas, he had, \\-ith that his declara-
" tion, caused to be printed the testilnony of those
" lords, and other persons of his council, who were
" there \vith him; who, heing upon the place, could
" not but discover such his intentions and prepara-
" tions; and could not be suspected for their ho-
" nours and interests to conlbine in such mischiev-
" ous and horrid resolutions.
"And therefore, his majesty said, he straitly
"charged and commanded all his loving subjects,
"upon their allegiance, and as they ,vonld answer
" the contrary at their perils, that they should yield
" no obedience or consent to the said propositions
" and orders; and that they presume not under any
" such pretences, or by colour of any such orders,
" to raise or levy any horse or men, or to bring in
" any nloney, or plate, to such purpose. But, he
"said, if, notwithstanding that clear declaration,
" and evidence of his intentiof!s, those Inen (,vhose
" design it \\7as to conlpel his majesty to raise war
"upon his parlian1ent; ,,'hich all their skill and
" malice should never be able to effect) should think
" fit, by those alarn1s, to a,vaken hinl to a Inore ne-
" cessary care of the defence of hhnsclf, and his
" people; anù should thelDselves, under colour of
" defence, in so unheard of a manner provide (and.

79

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v.

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so

THE HISTOR Y

" sedl1c
others to do so too) to offend his majesty,
" having given hhn so lively a testinJony of their af-
" fections, what they were willing to do, \,rhen they
" should once have made thelnselves able; all his
" good subjects \vould think it necessary for his ma-
" jesty to look to hill1self. And he did therefore ex-
" cite all his ,veIl affected people, according to their
" oaths of allegiance and supremacy, and according
"to their solelnn vow and protestation, ("Thereby
"they ,,-ere obliged to defend his person, honour,
" and. estate,) to contribute their best assistance to
" the preparations necessary for the opposing and
"suppressing of the traitorous attempts of such
",vicked and nlalignant persons; ,vho ,vould de-
" stroy his person, honour, and estate, and engage
" the whole kingdonl in a civil war, to satisfy their
" o\vn la\vless fury and anlbition; and so rob his
" good subjects of the blessed fruit of this present
" parlialnent; which they already in sonle degree
" had, and might still reap, to the abundant satis-
"faction and joy of the whole kingdom, if such
" wicked hands 'v ere not ready to ruin all their pos-
"sessions, and frustrate all their hopes. And, in
" that case, his majesty declared, that ,vhosoever, of
" villat degree or quality soever, should then, upon
" so urgent and visible necessity of his, and such ap-
" parent distraction of the kingdom, caused and he-
" gotten by the malice and contrivance of that nla-
" lignant party, bring in to his lnajesty, and to his
" use, ready money, or plate; or should underwrite
"to furnish any number of horse, horsemen, and
" arms, for the preservation of the pu hlic peace, and .
" defence of his person, and thp vindication of the
" privilege and freedom of parliament, he would re-

OF THE IlEßELLION.

" ceive it as a lnost acceptable service, and as a tes-
" tiluony of his singular affection to the protestant
" religion, the laws, liberties, and peace of the king-
" donl; and \vould no longer desire the continuance
" of that affection, than he \vo
ld be ready to justify
" and Inaintain the other \vith the hazard of his
" life."
And so concluded ,vith the sanle overtures they
had done, in their propositions for the loan of Inoney
at interest; "offering, for the B security thereof, an
"assurance of such his lands, forests, parks, and
"houses, as should be sufficient for the san1e; a
" nlore real security, he said, than the nanle of pub-
" lic faith, given \vithout him, and against hiln; as
" if his majesty were not part t of the public: and
" besides, he would ahvays look upon it as a service
" most affectionately and seasonably perforlned for
" the preservation of his lllajesty, and the kingdo111.
" But, he said, he should be 1l1uch gladder that their
" subnlission to those his commands, and their de-
" sisting fronl any such attenlpt of raising horse or
" men, lnight ease all his good subjects of that charge,
" trouble, and vexation."
It ,viII be ,vondered at hereafter, \vhen, hy \vhat
hath heen said, the numhpr and quality of the peers
is considered, ,vho, hy ahsenting themselves from
the house, and their resort to his nlajesty, sufficiently
declared, that they liked not those conclusions \vhich
begot 11 those distractions; why hoth those peers, and
like\vise such nlenlbers of the C0I11m0l1S, ,yho then,
and after\vards, appeared in thp king's service, and

s the] Not in ftlS. 11 hegotl begat
t were not part] wert' no p
rt
YOLo III. G

81

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v.

] 642.

82

THE HISTORY

were indeed full, or very near one llloiety of that
house, did not rather, by their diligent and faithful
attendance in the houses, according to their several
trusts reposed in theIn, discountenance and resist
those pernicious and fatal transactions, than, by
,vithdra\ving then1selves froll1 their proper stations,
leave the other (\vhose ruinous intentions \vere suffi-
ciently discovered) possessed of the reputation, au-
thority, and power of a parliament; by \vhich, it
was evident, the people ,vould be easily, to a great
degree, seduced. And though the observing reader
111ay, upon the collection of the several passages here
set down, be able to ans\ver those objections to hin1-
self; I am the rather induced, in this place, to apply
myself to the clearing that point, because not only
lllany honest lllen, \vho, at a distance, have con-
sidered it, \vithout being privy to the passages \vithin
the ,valls, and those breaches \vhich totally destroyed
and took a\vay the liberty and freedon1 of those
councils, have been really troubled or unsatisfied
\vith that desertion, as they call it, of the service to
which they 'v ere incumbent, and chosen; hut that I
have heard S01l1e, \"ho were the chief, if not the sole
promoters of those violations, and the most violent
!Jursuers of the most violent designs, and have since
(out of the ruptures ,vhich have proceeded fron1
their own animosities) either been, or he en thought
to be, more moderately inclined, complain, "that
" the \vithdra\ving of so luany Inembers from the
" t\VO houses ,vas the principal cause of all our cala-
"lllities." And they who have been the true au-
thors of theITI, and still continue the sanle lnen x,

x men] Not in
lS.

OF THE REBELLION.

have taken pains to l11ake and declare the others,
" deserters of their country, and betrayers of their
" trusts, by their voluntary withdrawing thelnselves
,( from that council."
In the doing whereot I shall not, I cannot, make
any excuse for those, (of \VhOlTI son1ewhat is before
spoken,) \vho, from the beginning of this parlianlent,
and in the whole progress of it, either out of laziness,
or negligence, or incogitancy, or \veariness, forbore
to give their attendance there, when the number of
those who really intended these prodigious altera-
tions was very inconsiderable; and daily drew lllany
to their opinions, upon no other ground than that
the number of the dissenters appeared not equally
diligent, and intent upon their assertions: neither
can I excuse the peers, the Inoderate part ,vhereof
being four for one, suffered theu1selves to be cozen-
ed, and persuaded, and threatened out of their
rights by a handful of nlen, "Thorn they n1
ght, in
the beginning, easily have crushed; whereas in the
house of conlIDons the great managers \vere Inen of
notable parts, 11luch reputation, adlnirable dexterity;
pretenders to severe justice and regularity; and then
the number of the ,veak, and the wilful, who natu-
rally were to be guided by thenl, always made up
a Inajor part; so that, from the beginning, they
were al\vays able to carry whatsoever they set their
hearts visibly upon; at least, to discredit or disgrace
any particular nlan, against whom they thought ne-
cessary to proceed, albeit of the lTIOSt unblemished
reputation, and upon the n10st frivolous suggestions;
so that they could not butY be very fornlidable, in

v but] Omitted in IJIS.
(} 2

83

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v.

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V.

] 642.

84

"HE HISTORY

that house, to all but the most abstracted IHen froDl
all vulgar considerations.
But, I a111 confident, ,vhosoever diJigently revolves
the several passages in both houses, fro111 the time
of the publishing the first ren10nstrance, upon his
111ajesty's return from Scotland, to the tilne of which
've last speak, Z must be of opinion, that the resort-
ing of so n1any members then to his 111ajesty, (frol11
,vhon1 all the lords, and some of the COlnn10ns, re-
ceived con1n1ands to that purpose,) or to such places,
"There they thought they 111ight be of greatest use to
his Inajesty, in preservation of the peace of the king-
dOlu, ,vas not only an act of duty, but of such pru-
dence and discretion, as sober and honest rnen ,vere
to be guided by. I n the house of peers, the bi-
shops, a ,vho had as much right to sit there, and
were as much l11el11bers of 11arlialnent as any lord
there, were first, by direct violence and force, a grf'at
part of them, b driven and kept from thence, till the
bill, for the total expulsion of the \vhole order c from
those seats, ,vas passed; such of the peers, ,vho ,vere
most relnarkable d for adhering to the government
of the church, being, in the lnean tinle, threatened
publicly hy the rabble; and S0I11t' of their persons
assaulted. The business of the luilitia had been
t,vice, upon solenul debatc in a full house, rejected
there; till such force and violence ,,-as brought to
the very doors, such expostulations and threats de-
livered ,vithin the doors against those \vho refused
to concur \vith th
n1 in that business, that no Ulan

7 f;peak,] spake,
a the bishops,] the bjshop

twenty-four in number,
. h a great part. of them,] Not

in 1118.
l" the who]c order] them and
thcir function
d remarkable] notorious

O:F 'lIRE REBELLION.

had reason to believe his life out of danger from
those rude hands, \vho was taken notice of for an
opposer of their unreasonable desires; SOlne of then}
having been declared enenlies to their country, for
}laving refused \vhat ,vas in their power la,vfully to
refuse; and others having been criminally accused
by the commons, for \vords spoken by theln in de-
bates of the house e of peers; after \vhich lllany
of them ,vere sent for, by special letters, to attend
his majesty, (\vhich letters were always thought to
be a good, and \varrantable, and sufficient ground to
be absent from the house; f nor had such sunlmons,
fronl the beginning of parliaments to this present,
ever been neglected,) with \v hOUl they had not been
many \veeks, but t\VO of theIn, as hath been men-
tioned before, upon an untrue and extravagant in-
forll1ation, ,vithout further examination, were de-
clared enemies to the kingdom; and nine others by
soIelnn judgillent, upon an impeachment brought up
by the comnlons against them, only for being absent,
and for what only concerned the privilege and juris-
diction úf the peers, \vere disabled to sit in the
house again during this session; so that, if they
,vould have returned, they ,vere actually excluded
that council.
In the house of conlmons, the case was worse:
fir
t, they ,,,ho had, \vith that liber'ty which is essen-
tial to parliaments, and according to their under-
standings, dissented, or declared a dislike of \vhat
the violent party so vehell1ently pursued, ,vere, as

e debates of the bouse] de-
bate in the house
f a good, and warrantable,
and sufficient ground to be ab-

sent from the house;] so good
and warrantable a ground to be
absent, that no other was suffi-
cient;
G 3

85

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V.

1642.

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V.

1642.

86

"HE I-IIS1.'OR Y

hath been said before, declared enemies to their
country; and their nanles posted up in paper, or
parchment, at Inost eminent places, under SOlne
opprobrious character; ,vhich, though it was not
avowed, and had no authority from the house by
any public act, yet, being complained of, ,vas neither
redressed, nor was the conlplaint so countenanced,g
that it could be concluded the violation was unac-
ceptable: so, though the tlunults were not directly
sunlmoned or assembled, it is evident, by what hath
been before set forth truly and at large, that they
found there visible countenance and encouragement.
Then, what had been, upon full and solelnn de-
bates in a full house, rejected, ,vas 11lallY times, in a
thin house, and at unusual and unparliamentary
hours, resulned, and determined contrary to the
fornler conclusions: yet men satisfied themselves
,vith doing what they thought their duty, and rea-
sonably opposing what the major part ordered to be
done; hoping that Inen's understandings ,vould be
shortly better informed; and that, though high and
irreverent expressions and \vords \vere sOllletinles
used against the king, there \vould be abstaining
froB} unlawful and dangerous actions; and that the
house of peers, at least, would never be brought to
join or concur in any act prejudicial to the sove-
reign po,ver. But ,vhen they saw a new way found
out by the dexterity of the major part in the house
of comlnons, to Inake the Ininor part of the lords
too hard for the lnajor; and so, \vhilst all men \vere
transported with jealousy of the breach of privilege

g was neither redressed, nor nanced,] found neither redress,
was the complaint so counte- or
uch countenance,

OF THE REBELLION.

of parlialnent by the king, that there was, by the
houses themselves, an absolute rooting up of all pri-
vileges: that from llletaphysical considerations, ,vhat
11Zight be done in case of necessity, the Inilitia of the
kingdolTI was actually seized on; and put under a
cOll1mand contrary to, and against, the king's com-
nland: that there was then a resolution taken, by
those ,vho could act their resolutions \vhen they
pleased, to Inake a general, and to oblige all the
nlembers to live and die ,,-ith that general; which
will be anon lllore particularly Inentioned; (for that
resolution was ,veIl kno\vn before the tÏIne, that
those many members removed to York, and with-
dre,v to other places; and ,vas executed \vithin three
or four days after;) men thought it high time to
look to their innocence, and (since, by the course
and orders h of that house, they could leave no lnonu-
ment or evidence of their dissenting, as the lords
might;i by their protestations upon any unlawful act,
or resolution) to declare their dislike of 'v hat was
done, by not being present at the doing: and it was
reasonably thought, there being no other way peace-
ably and securely to do it, that the kingdo111, un-
derstanding the nunlber of those that ,vere present
at such ne\v transactions, and weighing the quality,
nUlllber, and reputation of those ,vho \vere absent,
\vould be best induced to prefer the old laws of the
kingdonl, before the ne\v votes (destructive to those
la,vs) of those fe,v nlen, who called themselves the
t\VO houses of parliament; and that it would IJrove
a good expedient to work upon the consciences. and
lllodesty of those \v ho staid behind, to conclude it

h orders] order

i might,] might have,
G4

87

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v.

1642.

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V.

1642.

88

THE HIS'rORY

necessary, by some fair addresses k to his majesty,
to endeavour such a general good understanding,
that a perfect union might be ßlade; and the pri-
vilege, dignity, and security of parlianlent Le esta-
blished according to the true and just constitution
of it.
It is true, ho,v reasonably soever it lnight be ex-
pected, it produced not that ingenuity: but they
,vho had been troubled ,vith the conlpany of then1
that after\vards 'v ithdre\\T , l and, by the opposition
they made, could not ]nake that expedition in the
11lischief they intended, \vere glad they were rid of
them; yet, shortly, considering m what influence in-
deed it l11ight have upon understanding luen, they
found a \\Tay to cast a reproach upon those ,vho ,vere
absent, and yet to prevent any inconvenience to
thenlselves hy their return; publishing an order,
" that all the nlenlbers absent should appear at such
" a day, under the penalty of paying each n 1001. fine
" for his absence; and \vhosoever did not appear at
"that day" (\vhich gave not till1e enough to any
who "'
ere at a distance) " should not presunle to sit
" in the house, before he had paid his fine, and 0 sa-
" tisfied the house ,vith the cause of his absence ;"
so that all those ,vho were ,vith the king, and very
many more, who had really ,vithdra\vn thelnselves
to refresh their Ininds, or upon necessary affairs of
their o,vn, with a purpose to return, clearly discerned
themselves excluded from sitting any more there;
it being sufficiently manifest, that the cause of their

k addresses] address
I the company of them that
afterward::, withdrew,] their com-
pany.J

m considering] considered
11 each] Not in JUS.
o and] or

OF THE REBELI..ION.

absence would never be approved, if their persons
\vere disliked, and their opinions disapproved: which
appeared quickly; for the day ,,,as no sooner past,
but they, ,,,ithout the least ,,,arrant of precedent,
or colour of right, expelled very many, sometioles
t\"enty a day,p not only of those ,vho ,,,ere \vith the
king, but of others ,,,ho had given then1 equal dis-
taste; and erdered ne,,, \"rits to issue out to choose
other members in their rooms.
It cannot be denied but some very honest and
entire men staid still there, and opposed all their
unjustifiable proceedings ,,,ith great courage, and
much liberty of speech; which \vas more frankly
pernlitted to them than had been before, \"hen the
number of the dissenters was greater; and it Inay
be there are still son1e who satisfy themselves that
they have performed their duty, by always having
denied to give their consent to \vhatsoever hath
been seditiously or illegally concluded. But I must
appeal to the consciences of those very men, whether
they have not been Inany tilnes, by staying there,
compelled or terrified to do, and submit to, many
acts contrary to their conscience, in cases of con-
science; and contrary to their judgment and kno\v-
ledge, in matters of la\v and right; and contrary to
their oaths and duties, in nlatters of allegiance; and
whether, if they had refused so to do, they should
not have been plundered, expelled, and committed
to prison? And then they cannot be thought to
have proceeded unreasonably, ,,,ho, to preserve their
innocence, and their liherty, chose to undergo all
the other censures and difficulties which could befall

r a day,] in a day

89

BOOK
v.

1642.

nOOK
v.

16-t:.?

90

TI-IE HISTORY

thenl, and which have been since plentifully poured
upon thenl. But to return. q
The king had, at this time, called to hinl SOlne
judges, and lawyers of eminency; by whose advice
he published a declaration concerning the n1ilitia,
and asserted "the right of the cro\vn in granting
" commissions of array, for the better ordering and
" governing thereof;" and, at the saIne time, issued
out those conll11issions to aU counties, " expressly for-
"Lidding any obedience to be given to the ordi-
" nance for the militia by both houses, under the pe-
" nalty of high treason." This only improved the
l)aper-combat in declal'ations; either party insisting,
"that the law ,vas on their side;" and the people
giving obedience to either, according to their con-
veniences: and nlany did believe, that if the king
had resorted to the old known way of lord lieute-
nants, and deputy lieutenants, his service \votIld
have been better carried on; the con1mission of ar-
ray being a thing they had not before heard of,
though founded upon an ancient act of parliament
in the reign of Hen. I\T. and so ,vas received ,vith
jealousy, and easily discredited by the glosses and
suggestions of the houses.
Besides that some Inen of very good affections to
the crown, and averse enough to the extravagant
pretences and proceedings of the parlialnent, did
not conceal their prejudice to the c0l11missioH of ar-
ray, as not warranted by law; which did very 111uch
,york upon other Hlen, and l11adc the obedience
less cheerful that ,vas given to that service. 1\11'.

q For a continuation of this to IJI S. C. (7l.:hich is here omlt-
part of the Ilisto ry, according ted,) see Appendix, B.

OF THE REBELLION.

Selden had, in the debate upon that subject in the
house of commons, declared himself very positively,
and with much sharpness, against the cOlnmission of
array, as a thing expressly \vithout any authority of
la\v; the statute upon which it was grounded being,
as he said, repealed; and discoursed very much of
the ill consequences which 111ight result from sub-
lllitting to it: he ans\vered the arguments ,vhich
had been used to support it; and easily prevailed
with the house not to like a proceeding, \vhich they
knew was intended to do theln hurt, and to lessen
their authority. But his authority and reputation
prevailed. nluch further than the house, and begot a
prejudice against it in many ,vell affected men with-
out doors r . 'Vhen the king ,vas infornled of it, he
was Inuch troubled, having looked upon Mr. Selden
as \vell disposed to his service. And the lord Falk-
land, ,vith his majesty's leave, writ a friendly letter
to 1\lr. Selden, " to know his reason, why, in such a
" conjuncture, whatever his opinion were s , he \vould
" oppose the subillission to tIle conl111ission of array,
" \vhich nobody could deny to have had its original
h frolll la\v, and \vhich t lnany learned filen still be-
" lieved to Le very legal, to nlake ,yay for the esta-
" Llislullent of an ordinance \vhich had no 111anner
" of pretence to right u ." He ans\vered this Jetter
very frankly; as a lnan who believed himself in the
right upon the cOlllmission of array, and that the
arglllnents he had used against it could not be an-

r without doors] Not in JJ;lS.
5 were] Omitted in MS.
t which] that
u to make way for the esta-
blishment of au ordinance which

had no manner of pretcnce to
right.] Thus in 11-1S. : that the
ordinance which had no Ilmn-
ner of pretence to right luight
bc thc bcttcr established.

91

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

] 6-12.

9Q

THE HISTORY

s\vered; sumlning up SOI11e of those arguments in
as fe\v words as they could be comprehended in x :
but then he did as frankly inveigh against the ordi-
nance for the n1ilitia, " ,vhich, he said, was without
" any shado,v of law, or pretence of precedent, and
"most destructive to the government of the king-
" dOln: and he did ackno\vlcdge, that he had been
" the lnore inclined to 111ake that discourse in the'
" house against the cOl1unission, that he 111ight ,yith
"the 1110re freedoln argue against the ordinance;
" ,vhich ,vas to be considered upon a day then ap-
" pointed: and he ,vas Inost confident, that he should
" likewise overthrow the ordinance: which, he con-
" fessed, could be less supported; and he did be-
" lieve, that it would be 111uch better, if botl1 ,vere
" rejected, than if either of theln should stand, and
" relnain uncontrolled." But his confidence deceiv-
ed hiln; and he quickly found, that they ,vho suf-
fered then1selves to be entirely governed by his rea-
son, ,vhen those conclusions resulted froln it, ,vhich
contributed to their o,vn designs, ,yould not be at
all guided by it, or suLn1Ït to it, ,vhen it persuaded
that ,vhich contradicted and \yould disappoint those
designs: and so, upon the day appointed for the de-
bate of their ordinance, \vhen he applied all his fa-
culties to the convincing theln of the illegality and
monstrousness of it, by arguluents at least as clear
and den10nstrable as his forIner had been, they Inade
no impression upon then! ; but ,,,ere easily ans\vered
by those \vho \vith ll10St passion insisted upon their
own sense. He had satisfied theln very ,veIl, ,vhen
he concurred ,vith them in judglnent; but his rea-

x in] }.'ol in JJ,,'.

OF T'HE REBELLION.

93

sons were weak, when they crossed their resolu- BOOK
tions. So 1110St nlen are deceived in being too rea- v.
sonable; concluding that reason will prevail upon 1642.
those nlen to submity to what is right and just z,
who have no other consideration of right or justice,
but as it advances their interest, or cOlnplies with
their humour and passion. And so easy it hath al-
. ways "been to do harnl, and to Inislead lnen, and so
hard to" do good, and reduce them to reason.
These paper-skirn1ishes left neither side better in-
clined to the other; but, by sharpening each other,
drew the matter nearer to an issue. The king had
,vritten a letter to the mayor and aldermen of Lon-
don, and to the Inasters and \vardens of each C0I11-
pany;a by ,vhich, " he assured then1 of his desire of
" the peace of the kingdoln; and therefore required
" them, as they tendered their charter of the city,
"and their o\vn particular welfares, not to bring in
" horses, nloney, or plate, upon the propositions of
" the houses; wherel)y, under pretence of raising a
" guard for the }Jarliall1ent, forces ,vould be levied,
" and, in truth, en1ployed against his 111ajesty :" of
which the houses taking notice, published a declara-
tion to the city, "That they could not be secured The parJia-
b h . ., . h h . d . d ment's dt:-

, Y IS 111aJesty s protestatIonS, t at IS eSIres an c1aratioll to
" .!' h II . .. the city up-
purposes were lor t e PU) IC peace; SInce It ap- on a Jetter
" peared, by divers expressions and proceedings of
:
tt:
he
" his lnajesty, that he intended to use force against lord mayor
Rnd alder-
" those who submitted to the ordinance of the mili-men.
" tia; and that he had like\visp SOlnc intention of

concluding that reason will
prevail upon those 111en to sub-
mit] and when they con('lude
that men will submit

7 -and just] }trot in JifS.
a each company;] each se-
veral com pan
;

BOOK
v.

I G42.

Tþe king's
reply.

94

THE HISTORY

"Inaking an attenlpt upon Hull. In both which
"cases they did declare, that \vhatsoever violence
" should be used, either against those who exercise
" the Inilitia, or against Hull, they could not hut be-
" lieve it as done against the parlianlent. They told
" theIn, that the dangerous and Inischievous inten-
"tions of some about his Inajesty \vere such, that
"\vhatsoever was most precious to men of con-
" science and honour, as religion, liberty, and pub-
" lie safety, were like to be overwhehned and lost
" in the general confusion and calamity of the king-
" dom; \vhich \vould not only question, but over-
" throw the charter of the city of London; expose
"the citizens, their ,vives and children, to violence
" and villainy; and leave the \vealth of that fanlous
" city as a prey to those desperate and necessitous
" persons: and therefore they forbid b all the officers
" to })ublish that paper, as they would ans\ver their
" contenlpt to the parliament; by the power and au-
" thority of \vhich, they assured thenl, they should
"be protected, and secured in their persons, liber-
" ties, and estates, for whatsoever they should do by
" their advice or persuasion."
To this the king replied, " That he wondered,
"since they had usurped the supreme po\ver to
" themselves, they C had not taken upon the In the
"supreine style too; and directed their very ne\v
" declaration to their trusty and ,veIl-beloved, their
"subjects of the city of London: for it \vas too
" great and palpable a scorn, to persuade theill to
" take up arnlS against his person, under colour of
" being loving subjects to his office; and to destroy

ù forbid] forbad

c they] that the)

OF THE REBELLION.

"his person, that they n1ight preserve the king:
" that he \V-as beholding to them, that they had ex-
" plained to an his good subjects the meaning of
" their charge against his majesty, that by his in ten-
" tion of making \var against his parliament, no nlore
" \vas pretended to be n1eant, but his resolution not
" to subnlit to the high injustice and indignity of the
" ordinance for the militia, and the business of Hull.
" He said, he had never concealed his intentions
"in either of those particulars, (he \vished they
" would deal as clearly \vith hÎlll,) but had always,
" and did now declare, that that pretended ordinance
" ,vas against the la,v of the land; against the li-
" berty and property of the subject; destructive to
" sovereignty; and therefore not consistent with. the
" very constitution and essence of the kingdon1, and
" the d right and privilege of parliament: that he
" was bound by his oath (and all his subjects were
" bound by theirs of allegiance and suprell1acy, and
"their o,vn protestation lately taken, to assist his
" Inajesty) to oppose that ordinance, which was put
"already in execution against hitn, not only by
" training and arming his subjects, but by forciLly
" removing the magazine, from the place e trusted
" by the county, f to their own houses, and guarding
" it there \vith armed Inen. 'Vhither it ,vould be
" next removed, and how used by such persons, he
" knew not.
"That the keeping his lnajesty out of Hull by
"sir John Hotha111, was an act of high treason
" against his lnajesty; and the taking away his Ina-
" gazine and munition from him, was an act of vio-

d the] to the

place] places

f l'mInty,] counties,

95

ßOOh.
v.

1 G42.

BOOK
V.

1642.

96

TIlE HISTORY

" lence upon his Inajesty, by ,vhat hands or by \vhose
" direction soever it ,vas done: and, in both cases,
" by the help of God, and the la\v, his nlajesty said,
" he ,vould have justice, or lose his life in the rc-
" quiring it ; the which he did not value at that rate,
" as to preserve it with the infalny of suffering hiu1-
" self to he robbed, and spoiled of that dignity he
" \vas born to. And if it \vere possible for his good
"subjects to believe, that such a defence of hÎln-
" self, ,vith the utn10st power and strength he could
" raise, \vas luaking a "Tar against his parlialnent, he
" did not doubt, ho,vever it should please God to dis.:.
" pose of hinl in that contention, but the justice of
"his cause \vould, at the last, prevail against those
"fe\v lllalignant spirits, \vho, for their o\vn ends,
" and ambitious designs, had so Inisled and corrupt-
"ed the understandings of his people. And since
"neither his o\vn declaration, nor the testimony of
" so l11any of his lords, then \vith his n1ajesty, could
" procure credit ,vith those filen, but that they pro-
" ceeded to levy horse, and to raise nloney and arn1S
"against his n1ajesty, he said, he was not to he
" blalned, if after so tuany gracious expostulations
" \vith thenl, upon undeniable principles of law and
" reason, (which they ans,vered only hy voting that
" \vhich his nlajesty said, to Le neither Ia\\
, nor rea-
" son; and so proceeded actually to levy ,val' upon
"his lnajesty, to justify that ,vhich could not he
" other,vise defended,) at last he Inade such provi-
4' sion, that as he had been drÍ\ren fron1 London, and
" kept froln Hull, he 111ight not be surprised at 1'" ork ;
" hut he g in a condition to resist, and hring to jus-

g be] Not in JUS.

OF THE REBELLIO:S.

"tice those men, who would persuade his people
" that their religion was in danger, because his n1a-
" jesty \vould not consent it should be in their po\ver
" to alter it by their votes; or their liberty in dan-
" gel', because he would allo\v no judge of that li-
" berty, but the kno,vn la"r of the land: yet, he
" said, ,vhatever provision he should be compelled to
" n1ake for his seculity, he would be ready to lay
" down, as soon as they should revoke the orders
"by which they had made levies, and suhmitted
" those persons, \vho had detained his towns, carried
" a\vay his arn1S, and put the Inilitia in execution,
" contrary to his proclamation, to that trial of their
"innocence, which the la\v had directed, and to
" which they \vere born: if that were not submit-
" ted to, he should, with a good conscience, proceed
" against those who should presulne to exercise that
" pretended ordinance for the militia, and the other
" who should keep his town of Hull from him, as he
" would resist persons \vho caDle to take away his
" life or his crown from hÎIn.
" And therefore his n1ajesty again remembered,
" and required his city of London to obey his for-
" mer commands, and not to be misled by the ora-
" tion b of those men, who were made desperate by
" their fortunes, or their fortunes by them; who told
"them their religion, liberty, and property, was to
" be preserved no other way, but by their disloyalty
" to his majesty: that they were now at the brink
" of the river, and might draw their swords, (which
" was an expression used at a great convention of
" the city,) when nothing pursued them but their

VOIH III.

h oration] orations
H

97

BOOK
V.

1642.

98

THE HISTORY

BOO K "own evil consciences. He ,vished then1 to con-
v. " sider, whether their estates caIne to theITI, and
1642. ",vere settled upon them, by orders of both houses,
" or by that la\v \vhich his nlajesty defended: \vhat
" security they could have to enjoy their o\vn, when
" they had helped to rob his majcsty; and \vhat an
" happy conclusion that \var \vas like to have, ,vhich
",vas raised to oppress their sovereign: t.hat the
" wealth and glory of their city ,vas not like to be
" destroyed any other ,yay, but by rebelling against
" his majesty; and that way inevitably it nlust ; nor
" their "rives and children to be exposed to violence
" and villainy, but by those ,vho nlake their appe-
" tite and will the 111easure and guide to all thcir
"actions. He advised them not to fancy to thenl-
"selves melancholy apprehensions, which were ca-
" pable of no satisfaction; but seriously to consider
" ,vhat security they could have, that they had not
" under his luajesty, or had i been offered by hirn :
" an
\"hether the doctrine those Inen taught, and
" \vould have then1 defend, did not destroy the foun-
" dations upon which their security was built ?"k

i had] Not in 1118.
k was built?] J-Vhat follolrs
in the text is taken from lJtlS. B.
The continuation of the Ilistory,
according to ]JIS. C. is as fol-
lows: As this severe joining is-
sue upon two points, in which
both sides were so deeply en-
gaged, made it 1100wevident, that
one must either retract and re-
cant what they had said and
done, or make it good by the
sword; so at this time an acci-
den t happened, (about the end
of .June,) that. hastened the cri-
1oìis. 'Vhen sir .John Penning-

ton had conveyed the queen's
majesty over into Holland the
Februarv before, he had left the
Provide;1ce (a ship of the fourth
rank) under the command of
captain Straughan, (an honest
and a faithful Scotchman,) to
attend her m
esty's command
from time to time in the ports
there; and after the king's re-
pair into the north, he had pass-
ed once or twice with letters
and messag-es between their ma-
jesties, and at this time was to
convoy a small catch, laden with
powder and arms, (which the

OF THE REBELLION.

queen by ready 111Oney, upon
the pawn of her jewels, had
provided there,) to the king.
The parliament, (for by that
natTIe, how improperly soever,
I must call the opposite party,)
knowing from the ueginning of
that ship's lying at the Sluice,
to execute the queen's COln-
mands, and being exactly ad-
vertised, from time to time, of
the pawning and sale of the
jewels, of the providing amnumi-
tion, and indeed of whatsoever
was done by any of her majes-
ty's ministers, or said by ber-
self: (so good instruments they
had abroad,) had appointed their
admiral, the earl of \Varwick,
(who needed no animadversions
to be vigilan t to disserve the
king,) that he should take care
that that ship were diligently
waited on, and the northern
coast as carefully guarded, that
no ammunition, or other things,
should be sent to the king; so
that the Providence was no
sooner at sea with the other
catch, than she was chased by
the king's own ships as an
enemy, and was forced, by their
close pursuit, into the nlouth of
the river of Humber; so that
the ships which followed being
at her stern, and the town of
Hull, and the ships and pinnaces
which lay there, at her head,
they looked upon ship and catch,
and ammunition, as their own
lawful prize, and with great tri-
umph and damour threatened
execution to all the men that
were aboard, of what condition
soever. But the dexterous and
trusty Straughan, well knowing
where he was, derided their in-
solence; and finding that his
own ship drew much less water

than those bigger that pursueù
him, took advantage of a small
creek of the river which inclin-
ed more to the land, and three
or four miles before he came
to Hull ran himself and the
catch on ground, when the other
thought him even in their pos-
session, which could not now
come near him. They who were
aboard, with the same dexte-
rity with which the captain had
brought them thither, landed in
the evening, and with marvel-
lous expedition, with the help
of the country people, who af-
fectionately flocked to them, be-
fore the nlorning raised such a
work for the security of thenl-
selves and their vessels, that the
garrison of Hull, with
ll their
horse and foot, and shallops",
and seamen, durst not ad\Ten-
ture to assault them; which,
without doubt, had been Inost
easy to have been done, and so to
have crushed all probable hopes
of his majesty's ever getting far-
ther supplies of that kind. This
being within twenty mile3 of
York, and four of Hull, the
king quickly received advertise-
ments of this arrival, which he
had long impatiently expected,
and as soon sent such aid thi-
ther, that the ammunition and
guns, and whatsoever was use-
ful, was quickly and securely
brought on shore, and by de-
grees to York; the ship being
left to them who had the power
of the seas, and had so fairly
cOlnpounded in suffering the
king to recei \'e all he could
theÏ) luake use of, having no
port so much at his dev;tion,
that he could have wished the
vessel in. The fame and repu-
tation of this supply was nluch
H2

99

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

]642.

100

THE HIS1.
Ol{Y

greater than th
supply itself;
for besides three hundred bar-
rels of powder, and two demi-
cannons, (which the prince of
Orange sent to the king as a
present,) and those brass pieces,
which were taken out of the
ship, the arms, and other pro-
visions, ,vere very small; but
the opinion, that there was mo-
nev and arms, and whatsoever
w
s necessary for a war, put a
Jnar\Tellous alacrity into all men,
who seemed not now to doubt,
that the king would be quickly
master of all he desired, since
he had ammunition, the want
whereof they only apprehended.
And now his nlajesty thought it
time to resent some ill usage, of
which he had hitherto scarce
taken any public notice, which
was the disposal of his navy,
so contrary to his royal and ex-
press pleasure, by him, whom
he had only trusted, and who he
thought nlight have prevented
the violence which was offered
to him. Fronl the time that
the earl of 'Varwick had been
intrusted with the fleet, instead
of guarding the coasts from fo-
reign enemies, the king had
found himself only besieged by
his own navy; and to be so far
fronl being lord of the seas, that
he was the only person to whom
the sea was not free, by the
strength and power of his own
royal fleet: all vessels searched as
enelnies, which were suspected
to be employed in his service,
and letters directed to himself
from the queen, as others for-
ulerly from others to her nla-
jesty, had been, seized, opened,

nd read: yet he thought it not
fi
to impute the fault to him

who was mediately and origi-

nally guilty of the whole, in
his judgment, the earl of Nor-
thumberland; who, notwith-
standing his public compliance
at 'Vestminster, was industri-
ous underhand, by his friends,
to persuade his majesty, that he
was not so faulty as he was
supposed to be;
t least, that
he made no doubt of an op-
portunity, by some signal ser-
vice, to redeem all his errors,
and to repair the damage [he]
had received by his confidence
in him. And truly I have reason
to believe, that at that time
his lordship's heart went not
with those violent proceedings,
which were every day conclud-
ed ; and that he discovered him-
self to be abused by those, of
whose intentions he had had a
better persuasion. But now the
chasing that ship of his majes-
ty's own, and known t.o be em-
ployed in his especial service,
with those circumstances of in-
solence and hostility, put the
court and country into a li-
berty of discourse, as if the
king were too remiss in the care
of himself: and his majesty un-
derstood that he suffered more
in foreign parts; many saying,
that the king could not reason-
ably expect any assistance frOl11
his allies, when the greatest acts
of hostility were performed a-
gainst him, by those who pre-
tended not, or in truth had not,
any power or authority for what
they did, but such as W

derived
fronl his own commission; so
that both for his honour and se-
curity, he concluded, that it wa"
necessary to revoke and super-
sede the patent of admiral, grant-
ed to the earl of Northum ber-
land. But the secret transaction

OF l.
HE REBELLION.

101

The great conflux that hath been mentioned, I of B 0 () K
men of all conditions, and qualities, and humours, v.
could not continue long together at York, \vithout 1642.
some impatience and comlnotion; and most n1en
wondered, that there appeared no provisions to be
made to,vards a war, "\vhich they sa,v would be in-
evitable: and ,vhen the levies of soldiers under the
earl of Essex were hastened \vith so much vigour,
that the king should have no other preparations lU
towards an army, than a single troop of guards made
up of gentlemen volunteers; ,vho, all men foresaw,
would quit the troop when there should be an army:
and many do yet helieve, that the king too long de-
ferred his recourse to arrns; and that, if he had
raised forces upon his first repulse at Hull, his ser-
vice would have been very rnuch advanced; and that
the parliament would not have been able to have
drawn an arrny together. And so men still re-
proach n the councils "\vhich were then about the
king, as they were censured by many at that tÎlne :
but neither they then, nor these now do understand
the true reason thereof. The king had not, at that
time, one barrel of powder, nor one musket, nor any
other provision necessary for an arrny; and, which

of the same as much concerned
hinl: for there was no doubt, if
the parliament should have the
least inkling of such his majes-
ty's intentions, they would quick-
Iy, by an ordinance, attempt the
possessing themseh'es of his
navy, as they had of the Inilitia
by land; and therefore, t1lOugh
it were a matter of so great inl-
portance as was fit to be con-
sulted in council, yet it was evi-
dent, that by such a comlnunica-

tion the service would miscarry,
the earl having many friends
there, who, if they could not dis-
suade the resolution, would be
sure to give speedy advertisc-
nlent of it.
I The great conflux that hath
been nlentioned,J This great
conflux,
In preparations] preparation
n Inen still reproach J t11ey rc-
proach

II 3

BOOK
v.

1642.

lO

rrHE HISrrORY

was \vorse, was not sure of any port, to which they
might be securely assigned; nor had he llloney for
the support of his own table for the term of one
month. He e:xpected, with inlpatience, the arrival
of all those necessaries o , by the care and activity of
the queen; who was then in Holland, and by the
sale of her own, as well as of the cro\vn jewels, and
by the friendship of Henry Plince of Orange, did all
slle could to provide all that was necessary; and the
king had ne\vly directed her to send aU to New-
castle, which was but then secured to him by tIle
diligence of the earl of that name. P In the mean
time, both the king himselt and they ,vho best knew
the state of his affairs, seemed to be without any
thoughts of making ,var; and to hope, that the par-
liament would at last incline to sonle accolnnloda-
tion; for ,,"hich both his majesty and those persons
were exposed to a thousand reproaches.
The queen had many difficulties to contend ,vith ;
for though the prince of Orange had a very signal
affection for the king's service, and did all he could
to dispose the states to concern thelTISelves in his
majesty's qualTel; yet his authority and interest ,vas
much dhninished ,vith the vigour of his body and
mind: and the states of Holland 'v ere so far fronl
being inclined to the king, that they did him all the
lnischief they could. They had before assisted the
rebellion in Scotland, with giving them credit for
arms and ammunition, before they had money to
buy any; and they did after\vards, several ways, dis-
cover their affections to the parlialnent; ,,"hich had
so many spies there, that the queen could do nothing
they had not present notice of; so that it ,vas no
o necessaries] Not in iUS. r of the earl of that name.] of that earl.

O.F 'rl-IE ItEBEl..LI()N.

103

easy lnatter for the queen to provide arn1S and an1-
111unition, but the parlian1ent had present notice of
it, and of the ways which 'v ere thought upon to
transport then1 to the king: and then their fleet,
under the command of the earl of "Tarwick, lay
ready to obstruct and intercept that cOln111unicatiol1 ;
nor was any renledy in view to remove this ßlis-
chief; inson1uch as it was no easy thing for the king
to send to, or to receive letters from, the queen.
There was a sman ship of 28 or 30 guns, that ,vas
part of the fleet that ,vafted her Inajesty into Hol-
land fron1 Dover, ,vhich ,vas called the Providence,
under the command of captain Straughan, when the
fleet \vas conl n1anded by sir John Pennington, and
before the earl of 'Var\vick was superinduced into
that charge against the king's ,vine That ship, the
captain whereof ,vas known to be faithful to his Ina-
jesty, was by the queen detained, and kept in Hol-
land froB1 the time of her majesty's arrival, under
several pretences, of which the captain made use,
when he after\vards received orders from the earl of
'Var\vick, "to repair to the fleet in the Downs;"
until, after many promises and excuses, it ,vas at last
discerned that he had other business and commands;
and so was watched by the other ships as an enelny.
'rhis vessel the queen resolved to send to the king,
principally to inform his Inajesty of the straits she
,vas in; of the provisions she had made; and to re-
turn ,vith such particular advice and directions fron1
his Inajesty, that she Inight take further resolutions.
And because the vessel ,vas light, and dre,v not
n1uch \vater, and so could run into any creek, or
open road, or harbour, and fronl thence easily send
an express to the king; there was put into it about
H4

...

BOOK
V.

] 642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

104

THE HISTORY

two hundred barrels of powder, and t\VO or three
thousand arms, with seven or eight field-pieces;
which, they knew, would be very welcome to the
king, and ::,erve for a beginning and countenance to
dra\v forces together. The captain was no sooner
put to sea, but notice was sent to the conlmander of
the fleet in the Do\vns; who in1mediately sent three
or four ships to the north, ,vhich easily got the Pro-
vidence in view, before it could reach that coast; and
chased it with all their sails, till they saw" it enter
into the river of Hun1ber; when, looking upon it as
their own, they tnade less haste to follo\v it, being
content to drive it before theln into their own port
of Hull; there being, as they thought, no other ,yay
to escape then1; until they plainly sa\v the ship en-
tering into a narrow creek out ofq HUlnber, \vhich
declined Hull, and led into the country some Iniles
above it; \vhich was a place ,veIl kno\vn to the cap-
tain, and designed by hhn to arrive at r fron1 the be-
ginning. I t was in vain for them then to hasten
their pursuit; for they quickly found that their great
ships could not enter into that passage, and that the
river was too shallow to follow hÏ1n; and so, with
shanle and anger, they gave over the chase, ,vhilst
the captain continued his course; and having never
thought of saving the ship, run it on shore on that
side to\vards Burlington; sand, ,vith all expedition,
gave notice to the king of his arrival; who, Í1nmedi-
ately, caused the }Jcrsons of quality in the parts ad-
jacent to draw the trained bands of the country to-
gether, to secure the incursions from Hull; and, by

q of] of the
r to arrive at] Not in illS.

" on that side towards Bur-
lington;] near Burlington;

OF THE REBELLION. 105

this means, the arms, ammunition, and artillery were
quickly brought to York.
The king was well content that it should be gene-
rally believed, that this SlTIaU ship, the size ,vhereof
,vas known to few, had brought a greater quantity
and proportion of provisions for the ,val', than in
truth it had; and therefore, though it had brought
no money, ,vhich he expected, he forth\vith granted
commissions, to raise regÏtnents of horse and foot, to
such persons of quality and interest, as were able
to comply ,vith their obligations. He declared the
earl of Lindsey, lord high chamberlain of England,
his general of the army; a person of great honour
and courage, and generally beloved; who t many
years before had good commands u in Holland and
Germany, and had been adllliral at sea in several
expeditions. Sir Jacob Ashley ,vas declared major
general of the foot, a comlnand he ,vas very equal to,
and had exercised before, and executed after, with
great approbation. The generalship of the horse
his majesty preserved for his nephew prince Rupert;
,vho ,vas daily expected, and arrived soon after:
and all levies \\Tere hastened with as much expedi-
tion as \\Tas possible in so great a scarcity, and noto-
rious want of money; of which no lTIOre need be
said, after it is remembered that all the lords, and
council about the king, ,vith several other persons of
quality, voluntarily made a subscription for the pay-
ment of so many horse for three months; in which
tÎ1ne they ,vould needs believe, that the ,val' should
be at an end; everyone paying do,vn what the
three 111onths' pay would amount to, into the hands

t who] whu had

U coulluands] command

BOOK
v.
1642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

106

'l'I-IE HI S'rOlt y

of a treasurer appointed to receive i
; and this
1110ney was presently paid for the making those levies
of horse \vhich \vere designed; and which could not
have been Inade but by those Inonies.
And now the king thought it time to execute a
resolution he had long intended, and \vhich 11lany
men \vondered he neglected so long; \vhich \vas, as
much as in him lay, to take the adilliraity into his
o\vn hands. He had long too n1uch cause to be un-
satisfied and displeased \vith the earl of N orthulll-
berland; whom he thought he had obliged above
any man whatsoever. His delivering the fleet into
the hands and command of the earl of 'Var\vick,
after his lnajesty had expressly refused it to the par-
liament, the king could not easily forgive; x ho\\-
ever, he thought it not then seasonahle.to resent it,
because he had nothing to object against hinl, hut
his compliance with the cOlnmand of the parlian1cnt,
\vho would have o\vned ity as their own quarrel; and
lnllst have obliged that earl z to put his \vhole in-
terest into their hands, and to have run their for-
tune; to which he was naturally too much inclined:
and then his majesty foresa\v, that there \\Tould have
heen no fleet at all set out that year, by their having
the cOffilnand of all the n10ney, which ,vas to be ap-
plied to that service. 'Vhereas, by his nlajesty"s
concealing his l
esentment, there was a good fleet
lnade ready, and set out; and l11any gentlemen
settled in the comnland of ships, of \\Those affection
and fidelity his majesty was assured, that no superior

x the king could not easily
forgive j] he resol ved ne\'er to
forgi ve j
Y who would have owned it]

which would have made and
owned it
3 that earl] hÏln

OF 'rHE REllELI..ION.

107

officer could corrupt it; but that they would, at all
times, repair to his service, whenever he required it.
And, indeed, his majesty had an opinion of the de-
votion of the whole body of the common seamen to
his service, because he had, bountifully, so much
Inended their condition, and increased their pay,
that he thought they would have even a thrown the
earl of Warwick overboard, ,vhen he should com-
Inand them; and so the respiting the doing of it
,vould be of little importance. But no\v, that a
ship of his o\vn, in the execution of his commands,
should be chased by his own fleet as an enenlY,
made such a noise in all places, even to his reproach
and dishonour, that he could no longer defer the
doing \vhat he had so long thought of. He resolved,
therefore, to revoke the earl of Northumberland's
con1mission of the office of high admiral of England,
and to send the revocation to hin1 under the great
seal of England: then, to send sir John Pennington,
\vho was then at York, on board the fleet, and to
take the charge of it: and letters were prepared,
and signed by the king, to everyone of the captains;
whereby they ,vere required "to observe the orders
" of sir John Pennington." And all this \vas car-
ried with all possible secrecy, that none, but those
fc\v ,vho ,vere trusted, knew, or suspected any such
alteration. h
But the king thought fit, first to advise C \vith sir

a even] }{ot in 1JfS.
b any such alteration.] The
continuation of this account,
from JIS. ß. of the king's at-
tempt to secure the fleet, will
befound in the Appendix, C.
c But the king-to advise]

Thus originally in JUS. C. The
king therefore, with two or thrc

whonl be trusted with tIle
greatest secrets, debating the
objections on both sides, resol,..
ed that the thing was to be
done, and for the way of doing

BOOK
V.

1 ô42.

BOOK
V.

1642.

108

TI-IE HISTORY

John Pennington; of whose integrity he "as confi-
dent, and '\vhose judgn1ent he ahvays principally re-
lied on in all his rnaritilne actions; and thought hiln
the only person fit inlmediately to take the fleet out
of the earl of 'Var\vick's possession; who had dis-
possessed him of the cOlnmand that year, which he
had usually exercised. Sir John Pennington, find-
ing the n1atter full of difficulty, and the execution
like to meet with SOlne interruptions, expressed no
alacrity to undertake it in his o\vn person; alleging,
"that himself stood in the parlialnent's disfavour
" and jealousy, (which \\Tas true,) and that there-
" fore his motion, and journey towards the Do\vns,
" where the fleet then lay, would be ilnn1ediately
" taken notice of; and his majesty's design be so
" nluch guessed at, that there would need no other
" discovery:" but he d propounded to his majesty,
" that he would send a letter to sir Robert l\lansel,
"who lived at Greenwich, speedily to go to the
" fleet, and to take charge of it; and that his au-
" thority, being vice-adnliral of England, and his
"known and great reputation with the seamen,
" would be like to meet with the least resistance."
I-lis majesty, imparting this counsel to those ,vh0111
he had made privy to his purpose, entered upon new
considerations; and concluded, "that sir Robe}'t
" Mansel's age, (though his courage and integrity
" were unquestionable,) and the accidents that de-
"pended upon that, would render that expedient
" most hazardous; and that, in truth, there needed
"no such absolute and supren1e officer to be ap-

it, that is, for the getting the
fleet into his own power at the
time that he determined the

power of the earl of Northum-
berland, he thought fit to advise
cl he] Not in .J.US.

OF THE REBELLION. 109

"pointed in the first article; but rather, that his
" Inajesty should direct his special letter to the cap-
" tain of every ship, requiring him inlmediately to
" weigh anchor, and to bring away his ship to such
" a place as his majesty nlight appoint, \vhere he
" should receive further orders: and to that place
" he Inight send such an officer, as he thought fit to
" trust \vith the comlnand of the ,vhole navy so as-
"senlbled." According to this resolution, the \vhole
despatch was prepared. First, a revocation of the
earl of N orthulnberland's comlnission of adnliral,
under the great seal of England; of which there
was a duplicate; the one to be sent to his lordship;
the other to the earl of \Varwick; ,vhose cOlnmis..
sion was founded upon, and so determined by, the
other. Then a particl1laJ.
e letter to eac}l of the cap...
tains of his ships, informing them "of his majesty's
"revocation of the admiral's patent, and conse-
" quèntly of the deterlnination of the earl of \Var-
" \vick's commission," (to ,vhom his majesty likewise
\\Trit, to "inhibit hiln from further meddling in that
" charge,") and therefore cOlnmanding them to yield
no further obedience to either of their ordel
s; but
that, immediately upon the receipt of those his royal
letters, he should weigh anchor; and, \\Tith what
speed he might, repair to Burlington-bay upon the
coast of Yorkshire; \vhere he should receive his
majesty's further pleasure: and so each con1mander,
without relation to any other commands, had no
more to look after but his o,vn ship, and his own
duty, by which the king might expect, at least, so

e particular] several

BOOK
v.
1642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

110

THE HIS'rORY

many ships as were under the command f of those,
who had any affection or fidelity to his service.
Accordingly, all things being prepared, and signed
by the king, and sealed, \v hat inlmediately concerned
the earl of N orthulnberland was delivered to one of
his Inajesty's pages,g to be given to the earl of Nor-
thulnberland at London; and the whole despatch to
the fleet to 1\11'. Ed\vard Villiers, whose diligence
and dexterity his majesty found fit for any trust;
the fornler being directed" not to nlake such haste,
" but that the other nlight be at least as soon at the
" Downs, as he at London;" and 1\11'. Villiers again
being appointed \vhat letters he should first deliver
to the calJtains; "and that he should visit the earl
" of \Varwick in the last place;" that his activity
Inight have no influence upon the seamen, to pre-
vent their obedience to his luajesty. And surely if
this resolution had been pursued, it is very probable
that the king had been master of very many of his
ships again. But, when the nlessengers were des-
patched, and ,veIl instructed, and he that was for
London gone on his journey, there was a sudden
and unexpected change of the whole direction to
the fleet, by sir John Pennington's repair to his ma-
jesty; and, upon second thoughts, offering "to go
" himself to the Downs, and to take charge of the
" fleet:" which changed the forms of the letters to
the several captains; and, instead of leaving e\"ery
one to use his best expedition to bring a\vay his o\vn
ship to Burlington, " required them only to observe

f command] government l\Ir. l\Iay, his majesty's pagc,
g one of his m

esty's pages,]

OF THE REBELLION.

" such orders, as they should receive by sir John
" Pennington;" \vho thought not fit (for the reasons
formerly given of his being taken notice of) to go
\vith Mr. 'Tilliers; but, by him, writ to sir Henry
Pahner, to \VhOln likewise his majesty sent a letter
to that purpose, being an officer of the navy, and
who lived by the Do\vns, " hnmediately to go aboard
" the adlniral; and that he h himself would make aU
" possible haste to hinl, setting out at the saIne tilne
" \vith 1\;11'. Villiers; but journeying a further and
" Inore private way." 1\fr. Villiers, lest, by his stay
for the alteration of his despatches, the page'si CODl-
ing to London sooner than ,vas intended at his set-
ting out k nlight produce some inconvenience to the
service, slept not till he came to sir Henry Pahner;
\vho, being infirm in his health, and surprised ,vith
the command, could not 11lake that expedition aboard,
as might have been requisite; though he was loyally
and zealously affected to his majesty's service. How-
ever, Mr. Villiers hastened to the ships ,vhich lay
then at anchor, and, according to his instructions,
delivered his several letters to the captains; the
greatest part whereof received them with great ex-
pressions of duty and submission, expecting only to
receive sir John Pennington's orders, for which they
staid; and, without doubt, if either the first letters
had been sent, or sir John Pennington been present,
when these others were delivered, his majesty had
been possessed of the greatest part of the fleet; 1 the
earl of 'Var\vick heing at that tin1e, according to his
usual licences, with SOBle officers, 'v hose company he

h that he] J..Vot in iUS.
i the page's] his companion's
k intended at his setting ol1t]

expected at their parting
I of the greatest part of the
fleet ;] of his whole fleet;

III

BOOK
V.

1642.

IIQ

'rIIE l-IISTORY

BOOK liked, on shore making merry; so that there was
v.
only his vice-adlTIiral, captain Batten, on board, who
) 642. .
was of eminent djsaffection to hIS majesty; the rear-
adlTIiral, sir John 1\iennes, being of unquestionable
integrity.
But after five or six hours, (in which tin1e nothing
could be acted, for ,vant of advice and direction;
enough being ready to obey, but none having au-
thority to command,) the earl of 'Var\vick caIne
aboard his ship, to whOln 1\11'. Villiers like\vise gave
his majesty's letters of hism discharge; \vho, with-
out any declaration of disobeying it, applied hÌ1nself
to the confirming those whom he thought true to his
party, and diligently to \vatch the rest; presuming,
that he should speedily hear from those by ,vhom he
had been originally trusted.
In the mean time, the captains expected orders
frol11 sir John Pennington; \vho like\vise privately
expected such an account froln sir Henry Palmer, as
might encourage hiln to COlne to the ships. But
this unfortunate delay disappointed all; n for the
other gentlelnan, according to his instructions, hav-
ing reached London in the evening after the houses
The king ,vere risen, delivered the king's letter, and the dis..
revokes the h f h . . . h I f N h
earl of C arge 0 IS com mISSIOn, to t e ear 0 ort u m-

e

:

- berland; who, with all sho,vs of duty and submis..
c?mmis- sion, ex p ressed " his resolution to obe y his ma 1 estv;
SlOn of ad-
01
mira). " and a hearty sorrow, that he had, by any misfor-
" tune, incurred his majesty's displeasure." How in-
genuous soever this delneanour of his lordship's was,
the business was quickly known to those who were
more concerned in it; who were exceedingly per-

m his] Not in MS.

n disappointed all;] lo
t all;

OF THE REBEI
LION. 113

plexed with the apprehension of being dispossessed
of so great a part of their strength, as the royal fleet;
and earnestly pressed the earl of N orthulnberland,
" that, not\vithstanding such his nlajesty's revoca-
" tion, he ,vould still continue the execution of his
" office of lord high adnliral; in 'v hich they ,vonld
" assist him ,vith their utnlost and full po,ver and
"authority." But his lordship alleging, "that it
" ,rould ill become him, ,vho had received that
"charge from the king, \vith so notable CirCUlTI-
" stances of trust and favour, to continue the pos-
" session thereof against his express pleasure, there
" being a clause in his grant, that it should be only
" during such tinle as his nlajestr thought fit to use
"his service;" and so "utterly refusing to Ineddle
" further in it;" as soon as they could get the houses
together the next morning, they easily agreed to pass
an ordinance, as they call it, "to appoint the earl
" of 'Varwick to be adnliral of that fleet, with as
"full and ample authority, as he had before had
" from the earl of N orthumherland." 'Vhich ordi-
nance, together ,vith letters, and votes of encourage-
ment to' his lordship, and to the officers and sealnen,
they speedily sent, by a nlelnher of their own; who
arrived there\vith, the n.ext nlorning, after Mr. Vil-
liers had delivered the king's letters; sir John Pen-
nington in the mean tinle neither cODling, nor O send-
ing any further advice.
The earl of VVarwick, being thus armed, found
himself nlaster of his work; and imlnediately SU111-
llloned all the captains, to attend him on board his
ship in council; the \vhich all but t,vo did, (captain

'OJ. III.

o nor] or
I

BOOK
v.

] 642.

114

THE HISTORY

BOOK Slingsbyand captain 'Vake,) who, being by his ma-
v. jesty's letters, as the rest were, expressly charged to
1642. yield no further obedience to the earl of'Var\vick,
refused to repair to him; making themselves ready
to resist any violence, and putting their ships in
order to go out to sea, that they lnight be at liberty
to attend his n1ajesty's comn1ands: but they were
so encon1passed by the whole fleet, and the dextelity
of the earl's n1inisters was such, and the devotion,
generally, of the sean1en so tainted, and corrupted
from p the king's service, that, instead of carrying
a\vay the ships, the captains themselves ,vere seized,
taken, and carried by their own men to the earl;
who imlnediately comn1itted the In to custody, and
sent theln up prisoners to the parliament. Then
the earl q conlmunicated the ordinance, letters, and
votes from the t\VO houses to the rest of the officers;
of whom only two nlore refused to continue their
charge against the signification they had received
from the king, (sir John l\lennes and captain Burly,)
who were quickly discharged, and set on shore; and
the rest, "rithout any scruple or hesitation, "obliged
" themselves to ohey the earl of 'Varwick, in the
" service of the parliament;" so that the storm was
now over, and the parlian1ent fully and entirely pos-
sessed of the whole royal navy, and militia by sea;
for they quickly disposed of t\VO other honest cap-
tains, Kettleby and Stradlin, (w hon1 they could not
corrupt,) who guarded the Irish seas; and got those
ships likewise into their service. And thus his n1a...
jesty was \vithout one ship of his own, in his three
kingdoms, at his devotion.

p from] to

q the earl] his 10rdship

OF THE REBELLION.

115

As this loss of the whole navy was of unspeakable
ill consequence to the king's affairs, and made his
condition luuch the less considered by his allies, and
neighbour princes; who saw the sovereignty of the
sea now in other hands, that were like to be r nlore
imperious upon the apprehension of any discourte-
sies, than regular and lawful lllonarchs used to be;
I cannot but observe some unhappy circulTIstances
and accidents in this important business of the navy,
which looked like the hand of Providence to take
that strength, of which his majesty was most con-
fident, out of his hands. When the resolution of
the house of conlmons and s the concurrence of the
lords was peremptory, and the earl of Northumber-
land had declared his conlpliance ,vith thenl, t " for
" the sending the earl of \Varwick admiral of that
" fleet, in the place of sir John Pennington, upon
" WhOlll the king depended;" it was resolved like-
,vise by them u, " that captain Carteret, controller of
"his majesty's navy, a nlan of great eminency and
" reputation in naval conllnand, should be vice-ad-
" miral;" who X thinking it became his near relation
to his majesty's service, to receive his royal pleasure,
before he engaged himself in any employment of that
nature, addressed himself for his directions. Y But
the king, looking upon the fleet in a manner Z taken
from him, when another, whose disaffection to his
service was very notorious, was, contrary to his ex-

r that were like to be] who
were
8 and] and after
t the earl of Northumberland
had declared his compliance with
them,] the earl of Northumber-
land's compliance with them as
ubstinate,

U by them] Not in JJJS.
x who] he
}' his directions.] his princely
directions.
z But the king, looking upon
the fleet in a manner] The king
thought his fleet upon the mat-
ter
I 2

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1 fi42.

116

THE HISTORY

press pleasure, presumptuously put into the conl-
mand of it, and his o\vn minister displaced for no
other reason (his sufficiency and ability for comnland
being by all Inen confessed) but his zeal and inte-
grity to hinl, ,vould not b countenance that fleet, and
that adnliral, ,vith suffering an officer of his own to
command in it under the other; and therefore or-
dered C captain Carteret to decline the enlploynlent,
which he prudently, and without noise, did; and
thereupon, another officer of the navy, the d sur-
veyor general, captain Batten, a man of very differ-
ent inclinations to his nlaster, and his service, and
furious in the ne,v fancies of religion, ,vas substi-
tuted in the place: whereas if captain Carteret had
been suffered to have taken that charge, his in-
terest and reputation in the navy was so great, and
his diligence and dexterity in conlnland so elninent,
that it was generally believed, e he would, against
,vhatsoever the earl of \Var,vick could have done,
ha ve preserved a Inajor part of the fleet in their
duty to the king. The misfortunes which happened
after, and are mentioned before, are not in justice to
be inlputed to sir John Pennington; ,vho, sure, was
a very honest gentleman, and of unshaken faithful-
ness and integrity to the king; but to the little time
he had to think of it: and the perplexity he ,vas in
(besides his true zeal to the service) to consider f
that so great a ,york,g as the recovery of the royal
navy, was to be h done by his own i personal engage-

b would not] and therefore
he would not
C and therefore ordered] and
so wished
rl the] even the
e that it was generally bcliev-

ed,] that I verily belie\'e,
f to consider] to think
g a work,] a service,
h was to be] should be
i owu] Not in 1118.

OF THE IlEBELLION. 117

I)lent, made hilD look so little I to his own secu-
rity, that, instead of taking the fleet frOlTI the earl
of \Varwick, he ,vas lll hinlself taken by the earl, and
sent to the parlial11ent; ,vhere the carrying over the
lord Digby, and SOBle other jealousies, had left a
great arrear of displeasure against hinl.
The truth is, the king ,vas so confident upon the
general affections of the seamen, \vho \vere a tribe
of people nlore particularly countenanced and obliged
by hill1 than other men, his majesty having increased
their allowance, in provision and money, above the
old establishment of the navy, as hath been lnen-
tioned n ; that he did believe no activity of ill officers
could have corrupted them; but that, ,,-hen the par-
lialnent had set out and victualled the fleet, it \voltld,
upon any occasion, declare itself at his devotion.
But, o on the other side, they had been taught to be-
lieve, that all the king's bO:Inty and grace towards
them had flowed from the lllediation of those offi-
cers, ,vho were now engaged against the king; and
that, the parliament having seized the custonls, and
all other the revenues of the cro\vn,p they had no
other hope of payor subsistence, but by absolutely
devoting themselves to their service; so that a great-
er or more general defection of anyone order of
men was never kno\vn, than that, at this tÏ1ne, of
the seamen; though lllany gentlemen, and SOUle few
of the COlllll1on sort, to their lasting honour and re-
putation, either addressed thelTISelves to the active
service of their sovereign, or suffered inlprisonnlent,

-
1 made Ilim look so little]
and to look so vigilantly
m he was] he was not
11 as hath been 111eutioned]

Not ih lJIIS.
o nut,] :t.tot in illS.
P of the crown,] of the king,

I 3

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1 G42.

118

TIlE IllS TORY

and the loss of all they had, for refusing to serve
against hin}.
The ne,vs of this diulinution of his majesty's
po,ver, and terrible addition of strength to his ene-
mies, ,vas a great allay to the brisk hopes at York,
upon the arrival of their alnmunition, and ,vise men
easily discerned the fatal consequence of it in oppo-
sition to the king's q n10st hopeful designs; yet, in a
very short time, all visible sense of it so much va-
nished, that (as there was a marvellous alacrity at
that tin1e, in despising all advantages of the par-
liament) somer nlen publicly, and ,vith great confi-
dence, averred, " that the king was a gainer by the
" loss of his fleet, because he had no nloney to pay
" the seamen, or keep thenl together; and that one
"victory at land, of which there ,vas no doubt,
" ,vould restore him to his don1inion at sea, and to
" whatsoever had been unjustly taken from his ß1a-
" jesty."
The kingS found it was now time to do more than
write declarations, when the parliament ,vast now
entirely possessed of the militia by sea, and made
such a progress in the attempt to obtain U the saIne
at land, that though the people generally, (except in
great to,vns and corporations, \vhere, besides the
natural malignity, the factious lecturers and emis-
saries fron1 the parliament had poisoned their affec-
tions,) and especially those of quality, \vere loyally
inclined; yet the terror of the house of con1ffions
was so great, which sent for and grievously punish-
ed those sheriffs and mayors, who published, accord-

t1 king's] Not in JIS.
T some] Not in lJlS.
S The king] But the king

t when the parliament was]
that they" ere
u to obtain] to resume

OF 1.
HE REBELLION. 119

ing to their duties and express oaths, his majesty's no 0 K
proc]alnation, and those ministers, who, according to 1 fi42.
his injunctions, read and divulged his declarations,
that all such, and indeed all others eminently affect-
ed to the king, \vere forced to fly to York for pro-
tection, or to hide themselves in corners from that
inquisition which ,vas nlade for them. And there-
fore his majesty, in the first place, that he might
have one harbour to resort to in his kingdom, sent
the earl of N ewcastle, privately, with a commission
to take the government of Newcastle; \vho against
the little opposition, that was prepared by the schis-
matical party in the to\vn, by his lordship's great in-
terest in those parts, the ready compliance of the
best of the gentry, and the general good inclinations
of the place, speedily and dexterously assured that
most important rich town and harhour to the king;
which, if it had been omitted but very few days, had
been seized on by the parlianlent, who had then
given direction to that purpose. Then for the pro-
tection of the general parts of the kingdorn, and
keeping up their affections, his majesty appointed
and sent many of the nobility and prime gentlemen
of the several counties, who attended hÜn, into their
respective x counties to execute the commission of
array, making the marquis of Hertford, by cOlnmis-
sion under the great seal of England, (which he was
to keep secret in reserve, till he found, either by the
gro\vth, or extraordinary practice of the parlÏanlent
in raising forces, that the conlmission of array \vas
not enough,) "his lieutenant general of all the west-
" ern parts of the kingdom, '\vith power to levy such
" a body of horse and foot, as he found necessary for

x respective] Not in MS.
14

BOOK
v.

I ô42.

The King's
procJama-
tion from
Be,'erley.

120

TI-IE III S'rOR Y

" his majesty's service, and the containing the peo-
" pIe ,vithin the lllnits of their duty." 'Vith the
marquis ,vent the earl of Bath, (thought then to be
inY notable po\ver and interest in De'Tonshire,) the
lord Pa,vlet, the lord Seymour, sir Ralph Hopton,
sir John Berkley, sir Hugh Pollard, and others, veryz
good officers, to forl11 an array a if it should be found
expedient. And so, n1uch of the lustre of the court
being abated by the ren10ve of so l11any persons of
honour and quality,b the king began to think of in-
creasing and forming his train into a more useful
}Josture, than
t was yet; and, ,vithout any noise of
raising an arIUY, to n1ake the scene of his first action
to be the recovery of H uIl ("Thither ne,v forces were
sent from London) by the ordinary forces and train-
ed bands of that county; by colour ,vhereof, he hoped
to have such resort, that he should need no other in-
dustry to raise such an army as should be sufficient to
preserve himself fron1 the violence \vhich threatened
his safety; and accordingly, that the people lllight
fully understand his intentions, he sUlnn10ned some of
the trained bands to attend him at Beverley, a town
\vithin four miles of Hull, whither he rel110ved his
court, and published a proclal11ation, briefly contain-
ing " the rehellion of sir John HothaJn, in holding
" that to,vn by a garrison against hilll; his delnand-
" iug justice from the two houses without effect; the
" seizing his fleet at sea; and the hostile acts of
"sir John Hothaln upon the inhabitants of that
" town, many of ,vhom he turned out of their ha-
" bitations; and upon the neighbour county; by im-

y in] of
z others, very] other very
a an array] an army

h quality,] ]JIS. add.fì: though
it was spread farther by their
nece:s:sary absence,

OF 'l
HE REBELLION.

1
1

"prisoning lllany, and driving others for year from
" their houses: and therefore that he was resolved
" to reduce the same by force: inhibiting all conl-
"merce or traffic with the said to,vn, whilst it con-
" tinued in rebellion."
'Vhich proclalnation he likewise sent to both
houses of parliall1ent, with this further significa-
tion, "That, before he would use force to reduce
" that place to its due obedience, he had thought fit
" once lnore to require them, that it might be forth-
"\vith delivered to him; \\Therein if they should
"conform themselves, his 111ajesty would be then
"willing to adll1it such addresses from them, and
" return such propositions to theIn, as might be pro-
" per to settle the peace of the kingdom, and com-
" pose the present distractions. He ,vished them to
" do their duty, and to be assured from hinl, on C
" the ,vord of a king, that nothing should be want-
"ing on his part, that might prevent the calalnities
" which threatened the nation, and nlight render his
"people truly happy; but if that his gracious in-
" vitation should be dec]ined, God and all good men
" must judge between them :" and assigned a day,
by 'v hich he would expect their answer at Beverley.
In the mean time, to encourage the good affec-
tions of Nottinghanlshire, ,vhich seelned ahllost en-
tirely to he devoted to his service, and to counte-
nance and give some life to his friends d in Lincoln-
shire, "There, in contenlpt of his proclanlation, e the
ordinance of the 11lilitia had been boldly executed
by the lord \Villoughby of Parham, and some menl-

c on] in
d to his friends] to those

c proclamation, ] proclama-
tions,

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

Frhe votes
of both
houses for
raising an
army.

lQ

"HE HISTORY

,

bers of the house of comn1ons, his majesty took a
short progress to Ne,vark; and, after a day's stay,
from thence to Lincoìn; and so, by the day appoint-
ed, returned to Beverley; having, in both those
places, been attended ,vith such an appearance of
the gentlemen and men of quality, and so full a con-
course of the people, as one might reasonably have
guessed the affections of both those counties \vould
have seconded any just and regular service for the
king.
They at London were not less active; but, upon
their success in the business of the navy, proceeded
to make themselves strong enough, at least, to keep
what they had; and therefore, having, by their or-
dinance of the militia, many voluntary companies
formed of nlen according to their o,vn hearts; and,
by their subscrip
ions, being supplied with a good
stock of money, and a good nunlber of horse; be-
fore the king's message from Beverley came to then1,
on the t\velfth of July, being the same day the mes-
sage went from the king, both houses voted and de-
clared, " That an army should be forth ,vith raised
" for the safety of the king's person; defence of both
" houses of parlianlent, and of those ,vho had obeJed
" their orders and comll1ands; and preserving of the
" true religion, the la,vs, liberty, and peace of the
"kingdom. '-rhat the earl of Essex should be their
"general, and that they would live and die with
"him." And, having put themselves into this pos-
ture of treating, the sanle day they agreed that a
l)ctition should be fralned, "to move the king to a
" good accord with the parlialnent, to prevent a civil
" war;" the which wag purposely then consented to,

OF THE REBELLIO
. 123

that the people nlight believe, the talk f of an army
and a general ,vas only to draw the king to the more
reasonable concessions. And it is certain, the first
,vas consented to by many, especially of the house of
peers, (in hope the better to compass the other,) with
the perfect horror of the thought of a \var. Though
the king's message came to them before their own
was despatched, yet, without the least notice taken
of it, and lest the contents of their petition might be
known before the arrival of their own messengers,
the earl of Holland, sir John Holland, and sir Philip
Stapleton, being the committee appointed for the
san1e, Inade a speedy and quick journey for Bever-
ley; g and arrived in the saUle minute that the king
can)e thither froll1 Lincoln: so that his majesty no
sooner heard of the raising an army, and declaring a
general against him, but he was encountered with
the nlessengers for peace; who reported to all ,vhom
they 111et, and ,vith whom they conversed, "that
" they had brought so absolute a subn1ission from
" the parlialnent to the king, that there could be no
" doubt of a firm and happy peace:" and when the
earl of Holland presented the petition, he first Inade
a short speech to the king, telling him, " that the
"glorious motto of his blessed father, king James,
" was Beali pacifici, which he hoped his ßlajesty
" would continue; that they presented him ,vith the
" humble duty of his two houses of parlialnent, who
" desired nothing from him but his consent, and ac-
" ceptance of peace; they aiming at nothing hut his
"majesty's honour and happiness:" and then read
their message aloud, in these words:

f the talk] the other talk

C for Beverley;] to ßeverley;

BOOK
v.

] 642.

1
4

'l"HE HISTORY

BO OK 1
V. 1 To the "-"illg'S '1nost e:l
cellent 171ujesty, the 11l11Jlùle
1642. }Jetitioll 0/ the lor(l
. antl COJJl1J10JlS ([s8eJJtble(1 in
The parlia- JJarlia1J1ent.
me nt's peti- " l\la y it P lease Y our Illa J . est y :
tion to the
king at Be- " Although we, your Dlajesty's IllOst hUluble and
Terley, J nly
15, 1642. "faithful subjects, the lords and COllll1l0nS in parlia-
" lllent asselubled, have been very unhappy in lllany
" fornler petitions and supplications to your majesty;
" \\Therein ,ve have represented our most dutiful af-
"fections in advising aud desiring those things,
" ,vhich ,ve held IllOst necessary for the preserva-
" tion of God's true religion, your nlajesty's safety
" and honour, and the peace of the kingdolTI: and,
" with 111uch sorro\v, do perceive that your majesty,
"incensed by lllany false calumnies and slanders,
" doth continue to raise forces against us, and rour
" other peaceable and loyal subjects; and to make
" great preparations for \yar, both in the kingdonl,
" and from beyond the seas; and, by arlllS and vio-
" lence, to overrule the judgnlent and advice. of your
" great council; and by force to deternline the ques-
" tions there depending, concerning the governnlent
"and liberty of the kingdol11: yet, such is our
"earnest desire of discharging our duty to your
" nlajesty and the kingdol11, to preserve the peace
" thereof, and to prevent the nliseries of civil war
"anlongst your subjects, that, not,vithstanding we
"hold ourselves bound to use all the nleans and
"po\ver, ,vhich, by the la,vs and constitutions of
"this kingdonl, ,ve are trusted \vith for defence
" and protection thereof, and of the subjects from
" force and violence, \ve do, in this our hlunble and

h This petition is in the handwriting oj'" lord Clarendon's amanuensis.

OF THE REBELLION.

125

" loyal petition, prostrate ourselves at your majesty's
ç, feet; beseeching your royal majesty, that you ,viII be
" pleased to forbear and remove all preparations and
" actions of \var; particularly the forces froIu about
"Hull, fron1 Newcastle, Tinulouth, Lincoln, and
" Lincolnshire, and all other places. And that your
" majesty will recall the commissions of array, which
" are illegal; dismiss troops, and extraordinary guards
" by you raised: that your majesty ,vill come nearer
" to your parlian1ent, and hearken to their faithful
" advice and humble petitions; \vhich shall only tend
" to the defence and advancement of religion, your
" own royal honour and safety, and i the preservation
" of our laws and liberties. And we have been, and
" ever shall be, careful to prevent and punish all tu-
" I11ults, and seditious actions, speeches, and \vritings,
" which lllay give your I1lajesty just cause of distaste,
" or apprehension of danger. FroIn \vhich public
" aillls and resolutions no sinister or private respect
" shall ever make us to decline. That your majesty
" ,villieave delinquents to the due course of justice;
" and that nothing done or spoken in parliament" or
" by any person in pursuance of the command and
" direction of both houses of parliament k, be ques-
" tioned any where but in parliaInent.
" And ,ve, for our parts, shaH be ready to lay
" down all those preparations, \vhich we have heen
" forced to make for our defence. And for the town
" of Hull, and the ordinance concerning the ßlilitia,
" as we have, in both these particulars, only sought
" the preservation of the peace of the kingdonl, and
" the defence of the parliall1ent from force and vio-

j and] Not in MS.

k of parliament] Not ill lJIS.

nOOK
v.

1642.

126

THE HISTORY

BOOK "lence; SO we shall most willingly leave the town
v. " of Hull in the state it ,vas, before sir John Hotham
1642. "drew any forces into it; delivering your majesty's
" magazine into the tower of London, and supplying
*' whatsoever hath been disposed by us for the ser-
" vice of the kingdom. 'Ve shall be ready to settle
" the D1ilitia by a bill, in such a way as shall be ho-
" nourable and safe for your Inajesty, most agreeable
. "to the duty of parliament, and effectual for the
" good of the kingdom; that the strength thereof be
" not employed against itself, and that \vhich ought
"to be for our security, applied to our destruction;
" and that the parliament, and those who profess
" and desire still to preserve the protestant religion,
" both in this realm and in Ireland, may not be left
" naked, and indefensible to the n1ischievous designs
" and cruel atten1pts of those, who are the professed
" and confederated enelnies thereof in your majesty's
" dominions, and other neighbour nations. To which
" if your nlajesty's courses and counsels shall from
" henceforth concur, \ve doubt not but ,ve shall quick-
" ly make it appear to the \vorld, by the most ell1i-
" nent effects of love and duty, that your Inajesty's
"personal safety, your royal honour and greatness,
" are nIuch dearer to us than our o,vn Ii ves and for-
" tunes, which we do 1110st heartily dedicate, and
" shall most willingly employ for the support and
" maintenance thereof."
As soon as this petition ,vas read by the earl of
Holland, the king told thenl, " that the reproaches
" cast upon hhn by it were not ans\verable to the
" expressions his lordship had lllade; and that he
" ,vas sorry that they thought the exposing him and
"his }10nour to so much scandnJ, ,vas the \va}" to

O}i' THE REBELLION. 1
7

Ie procure or preserve the peace of the kingdom:
" that they should speedily receive his answer; by
" which the \vorld would easily discern who desired
" peace nlost." And accordingly, the second day, his
majesty delivered them, in public, his answer to
their petition, which was likewise read by one of his
servants, in these words:

BOOK
V.

] 642.

1 His 11la u .esly's answer to the petition of the lo'/yl.fI His majes-
ty's answer.
and C01Jl1llons assembled in parliulnent.

" Though his majesty had too great reason to be-
" lieve that the directions sent to the earl of War-
" wick, to go to the river HUlnber, '\vith as lTIany
" ships as he should think fit, for all possible assist-
" ance to sir John Hotham, (whilst his majesty ex-
" pected the giving up of the town unto him,) and
" to carry away such arlns from thence, as his dis-
" cretion thought fit to spare out of his majesty's own
" magazine; the choosing a general by both houses
" of parliament, for the defence of those who have
" obeyed their orders and cOlllnlands, be they never
" so extravagant and illegal; their declaration, that,
" in that case, they would live and die with the earl
" of Essex their general; (all which were voted the
" saIne day with this petition;) and the committing
" the lord mayor of London to prison, for executing
" his majesty's writs and la\vful cOlnnlands; were
" but ill prologues to a petition, ,vhich might COlTI-
"pose the miserable distractions of the kingdom;
" yet his majesty's passionate desire of the peace of
"the kingdom, together with the preface of the

1 ThiY answer M likewise in don'.{l amanuensis.
thr hmulwl'itill
af lord C7aren-

BOOK
V.

1642.

128

THE HISTORY

" presenters, That they had brought a petition full
"of duty and SUbUlission to his majesty; and
"which desired nothing of him but his consent
"to peace, (which his Inajesty conceived to be the
" language of both houses too,) begot a greedy hope
" and expectation in hiIn, that this petition would
"have been such an introduction to peace, that it
" ,vould at least have satisfied his message of the
" eleventh of this n10nth, by deli vering up II ull unto
" his majesty. But, to his unspeakable grief, his Ina-
" jesty hath too much cause to believe, that the end
" of some persons, by this petition, is not in truth to
" give any real satisfaction to his 111ajesty; but, by
" the specious pretences of Inaking offers to hin1, to
" n1islead and seduce his people, and lay SOine in1}Ju-
" tation upon hin1, of denying what is fit to be grant-
" ed; other\vise, it ,vould not have thro\vn those un-
" just reproaches and scandals upon his n1ajesty, for
" Inaking a In necessary and just defence for his o\vn
" safety; and so peremptorily justified such actions n
" against him, as by no rule of law or justice can
" adn1it the least colour of defence: and, after so
" many free and unlilnited acts of grace passed by
" his Inajesty without any condition, have proposed
"such things which, in justice, cannot be denied
" unto him, upon such conditions as, in honour, he
" cannot grant. However, that all the ,vorid Inay
"see how willing his Inajesty would be to en1brace
" any overture, that might beget a right understand-
" ing between him and his two houses of parliament,
" (with ,vhom, he is sure, he shall have no contention,
" when the priyate practices and subtle insinuations

In a 1 Nut in 1.18.

n net ions] action

OF THE REBELLION. 1
9

" of SOllle few malignant persons shall be discovered,
" which his majesty will take care shall be speedily
" done,) he hath, with great care, weighed the par-
" ticulars of this petition, and returns this answer:
" That the petitioners were never unhappy in their
" petitions or supplications to his majesty, while they
" desired any thing which was necessary or conve-
" Dient for the preservation of God's true religion,
" his D1ajesty's safety and honour, and the peace of
" the kingdoln: and therefore, ,vhen those general
" envious foundations are laid, his majesty could \vish
" some particular instances had been applied. Let
" envy and malice object one particular proposition
" for the preservation of God's true religion ,vhich
" his majesty hath refused to consent to; what hÍ1u-
" self hath often made for the ease of tender con-
" sciences, and for tbe advancement of the protestant
" religion, is notorious by lllany of his messages and
"declarations. 'Vhat regard hath been to his ho-
" nour and safety, when he hath been driven frolu
" S01l1e of his houses, and kept fron1 other of his
" towns by force; and ,vhat care there hath been of
" the peace of the kingdom, when endeavoul's have 0
" been used to put all his subjects in arms against
" him, is so evident, that, his Inajesty is confident,
" he cannot suffer by those general imputations. It
"is enough that the world kno\vs what he hath
" granted, and what he hath denied.
" For his majesty's raising forces, and ll1aking
" preparations for war, (whatsoever the petitioners,
" by the evil arts of the enemies to his Inajesty's
" person and government, and by the calumnies and

n endearours have] endea\'onr hath
VOI
. III. I\

BOOK
v.
1642.

nOOK
v.

1642.

130

THE I-IISTORY

" slanders raised against his nlajesty by theIn, are
"induced to believ"e,) all men Inay kno\v \vhat is
" done that \vay is but in order to his o\vn defence.
"Let the petitioners remell1ber, that (which all
" the \vorld knows) his majesty "Tas driven frolll his
" palace of 'Vhitehall for safety of his life: that both
" houses of parliament, upon their own authority,
" raised a guard to themselves, (having gotten the
"comlnand of all the trained bands of London to
" that purpose,) \vi thout the least colour or shadow
" of danger: that they usurped a po\ver, by t11eir
" pretended ordinance, against all principles and eJe-
" ments of law, over the ,vhole militia of the king-
" dom, without and against his nlajesty's consent:
" that they took possession of his town, fort, and ma-
"gazine of Hull, and conlnlitted the same to sir
" John Hotham; who shut the gates against his nla-
" jesty, and, by force of arnlS, denied entrance thitl1er
"to his own person: that they justified this act
",vhich they had not directed, and took sir John
" Hothalll into their protection for whatsoever he
" had done, or should do, against his 11lajesty: and
" all p this, ,vhilst his 111ajesty had no other attend-
" ance than his own menial servants. Upon this, the
" duty and affection of this county proll1pted his su b-
"jects here to provide a snlall guard for his o\vn
" person; which was no sooner done, but a vote sud-
" denly passed of his nlajesty's intention to levy "Tar
"against his parliament, ( \v hich, God kno'vs, his
" heart abhorreth;) and, notwithstanding all his nla-
"jesty's professions, declarations, and protestations
" to the contrary, second
d by the clear testilnony of

P all] Nul in 111S.

OF 'l'HE ItEßELLIO
.

]31

" so great a number of peers upon the place, propo-
"sitions and orders for levies of men, horse, and
" arms, \\rere sent throughout the kingd.on1; plate
" and money brought in and received; horse and
" Inen raised to\vards an army, Inustered, and under
" cOlnmand; and all this contrary to the law, and to
" his Inajesty's proclamation: and a declaration pub-
" lished, that if he should use force for the recovery
" of Hull, or suppressing the pretended ordinance for
" the militia, it should be held levying \var against
" the parliament: and all this done, before his nla-
" jesty granted any comnlission for the levying or
"raising a man. IIis majesty's ships were taken
"from hinl, and committed to the custody of the
" earl of 'Var\vick; who presumes, under that PO\v-
" er, to usurp to himself the sovereignty of the sea,
" to chase, fright, and inlprison such of his 111ajesty's
"good subjects, as desire to ohey his la\vful com-
" 111ands; although he had notice of the legal revo-
" cation of the earl of Northumberland's comlnission
" of admiral, whereby all po\ver derived frolll that
" conlmission ceased.
" Let an the world now judge \vbo begun q this
" war, and upon whose account the Iniseries, ,vhich
" may follow, must be cast; \vhat his l11ajesty could
" have done less than he hath done; and "rhether he
" were not cOlnpclled to luake provision both for the
" defence of hiulself, and recovery of \\" hat is so vio-
" lently and injuriously taken froul him; and \\rhe-
" ther these injuries and indignities are not j list
" grounds for his nlajesty's fears and apprehensions
" of further 111Îschief and danger to hinl. "Thence

q begun] began
K2

BOOK
V.
1 G42.

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v.

] 642.

lSQ

rHE II IST()R Y

"the fears and jealousies of the petitioners have
" proceeded, hath never been discovered; the dan-
" gers they have brought upon his subjects are too
" evident; ,vhat those are they have prevented, no
" man kno\vs. And therefore his lllajesty cannot
" but look upon that charge as the boldest, and the
" lllost scandalous, hath been yet laid upon hitll;
" That this necessary provision, made for his o\vn
" safety and defence, is to overrule the judglllent and
" advice of his great council; and by force to deter-
" mine the questions there depending, concerning
" the govern01ent and liberty of the kingdom. If no
" other force had been raised to deterlnine those
" questions, than by his majesty, this unhappy mis-
" understanding had not been: and his Inajesty no
" longer desires the blessing and protection of AI-
" nlighty God upon hilllself and his posterity,-than
" he and they shall solemnly observe the due execu-
" tion of the laws, in the defence of parliaments, and
" the just freedolTI thereof.
" For the forces about Hull, his majesty will re-
" move them r, ,vhen he hath obtained the end for
"which they ,vere brought thither. 'Vhen Hull
"shall be again reduced s to his subjection, he will
" no longer have an arlllY before it. And ,vhen he
" shall be assured, that the same necessity and pre-
" tence of public good, \\rhich took Hull frolll hinl,
" may not put a garrison into N e\\Tcastle to. keep the
" same against_him, he ,vill relllove his from thence,
" and frolll Tinmouth; till \vhen, the example of
" Hull will not out of his nlelnory.
" For the comulissions of array, \vhich are legal,

r them] Not in ./.118.

s again reduced] reduced again

OF 'rHE REBELLION. 133

" and are so proved by a declaration now in the press,
" his majesty ,vonders why they should, at this time,
" bë thought grievous, and fit to be recalled: if the
" fears of invasion and rebellion be so great, that, by
" an illegal, pretended ordinance, it is necessary to
" put his subjects into a posture of defence, to ar-
" ray, train, and Inuster them, he knows not why
" the same should not be done in a regular, known,
" lawful way. But if, in the execution of that COffi-
" mission, any thing shall be unla"rfully imposed upon
" his good subjects, his majesty will take all just and
" necessary care for their redress.
" For his Inajesty's coming nearer to his parlia-
" ment, his majesty hath expressed hin1self so fully
" in his several Inessages, answers, and declarations,
" and so particularly avowed a real fear of his safety,
" upon such instances as cannot be answered, that
" he hath reason to take hitnself somewhat neglect-
" ed, that, since upon so manifest reasons it is not
"safe for his n1ajesty to con1e to them, both his
" houses of parliament will not come nearer to his
" majesty, or to such a place where the freedon1 and
" dignity of parliament might be preserved. How-
" ever, his majesty shaH be very glad to hear of some
" such example in their punishing the tumults (,vhich
" he knows not how to expect, when they have de-
" clared that they knew not of any tumults; though
" the house of peers desired, both for the freedom
" and dignity of parliament, that the house of corn-
" mons would join ,vith then1 in a declaration against
" tumults; which they refused, that is, neglected to
" do) and other seditious actions, speeches, and writ-
" ings, as may take that apprehension of danger from
" hin1; though, when he reineillbers the particular
KS

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1642.

"

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134

TI-IE I-IISTORY

" complaints himself hath n1ade of businesses of that
" nature, and that, instead of inquiring out the au-
" thors, neglect of exanlination hath been, ,vhen of-
" fer hath been made to both houses to produce the
" authors; as in that treasonable paper concerning
" the militia: and when he sees every day" panlphlets
" published against his cro,vn, and against l110narchy
"itself; as the observations upon his late messages,
" declarations, and expresses; and SOl1le declarations
" of their own, which give too great encouragement,
" in that argument, to in affected persons; his ß1a-
" jesty cannot, with confidence, entertain those hopes
" \vhich ,vould he most ,velcollle to hhll.
" For the leaving delinquents to the due course
" of justice, his Inajesty is ll10St assured there t hath
"been no shelter to any such. If the tediousness
" and delay in prosecution, the vast charge in officers'
" fees, the keeping men under a general accusation,
" ,vithout trial, a ,,?hole year and more, and so alIo,v-
" ing them no ,vay for their defence and vindication,
" hath U frightened men away froln so chargeable
" and uncertain attendance, the relnedy is best pro-
" vided ,vhere the disease gre\v. If the law be the
" 1l1eaSUre of delinquency, none such are ,vithin his
" Inajesty's protection: but if by delinquents such
" are understood, ,,,ho are lllade so by vote, \vithout
" any trespass upon any kno,vn or established law:
" if by delinquents those nine lords are understood,
"\vho are made delinquents for obeying his l11a-
" jesty's SUlnmons to conle to him, after their stay
" there ,\\Tas neither safe nor honourable, hy reason
" of the tumults, and other violences; and whose

t there] he

11 hath] han

OF '"rHE REBELl
ION. 135

" impeachment,he is confident, is the greatest breach
" of privilege, that, before this parliament, \vas ever
" offered to the house of peers: if by delinquents
"such are understood, \vho refuse to subn1it to the
" pretended ordinance of the nlilit.ia; to that of the
" navy; or to any other, which his o1ajesty hath not
" consented to; such who for the peace of the king-
" dom, in an hun1ble manner, prepare petitions to
"him, or to both houses, as his good subjects of
"London and Kent did; "r})ilst seditious ones, as
" that of Essex, and other places, are allowed and
" cherished: if by delinquents such are understood,
" who are called so for publishing his proclanlations,
" as the lord mayor of London; or for reading his
" nlessages and declarations, as divers ministers about
" London and else\vl1ere; \vhen those against hi In
" are dispersed nrith all care and industry, to poison
" and corrupt the loyalty and affection of his people:
" if by delinquents such are understood, \vho have,
", or shall lend his majesty nloney, in the universi-
" ties, or in any other places; his Inajesty declares
" to all the \vorld, that he \vill protect such ,vith his
" utnlost po\\'er and strength; and directs, that, in
" these cases, they sulnnit not to any ulcssengcrs, or
" nrarrant; it bcing no less his duty to protect those
" \\-ho are innocent, than to bring the guilty to con-
" dign pUllishulent; of both \vhich the la\v is to be
"judge. And if both houses do think fit to l11ale a
" general, and to raise an army for defence of those
" \\' ho obe)" their orders and con1nlanrls, his l11ajesty
" lllUst not sit still, and suffer such ,,,ho suhn1Ït to
" his just po\ver, and are solicitous for the la\\ s of
" the land, to perish and be undone, because they are
" callcd dclirHjucnts. And ,,-hen they shaH take 111)on
K4

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v.

] G
2.

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THE HI
VrORY.

"thenl to dispense with the attendance of those
" who are called by his majesty's ,vrit, whilst they
" send them to sea, to rob his l11ajesty of his ships;
" or into the several counties, to put his subjects in
" arl11S against him; his majesty (\vho only hath it)
" will not lose the power to dispense ,vith them to
" attend his own person; or to execute such offices,
"as are necessary for the preservation of himself
" and the kingdol11; but 111ust protect them, though
" they are called delinquents.
" For the manner of the proceeding against de-
" linquents, his Inajesty ,,'"ill proceed against those
" who have no privilege of parliament, or in such
" cases where no privilege is to be allowed, as he
"shall be advised by his learned council, and ac-
" cording to the known and unquestionable rules of
" the law; it being unreasonable, that he should be
" cOlnpelled to proceed against those who have vio-
"lated the kno\vn and undou bted law, only before
" them who have directed such violation.
"Having said thus much to the particulars of
"the petition, though his majesty hath reason to
"complain, that, since the sending this petition,
" they have beaten their drums for soldiers against
" hiln; arlned their own general with a power de-
"structive to the law, and liberty of the subjects;
" and chosen a general of their horse; his majesty,
" out of his princely love, tenderness, and com pas-
"sion of his people, and desire to preserve the
"peace of the kingdon1, that the \vhole force and
" strength of it may be united for the defence of it-
" self, and the relief of Ireland, (in \vhose behalf he
" conjures both his houses of parliament, as they
"will answer the contrary to Almighty God, his

OF THE REBELLION. 137

"majesty, to those \vho trust them, and to that
" bleeding, nliserable kingdonl, that they suffer not
" any ll1onies, granted and collected by act of par-
" liament, to he diverted or en1ployed against his
" majesty; whilst his soldiers in that kingdom are
" ready to mutiny, or perish for want of pay; and
"the barbarous rebels prevail by that encourage-
" lllent,) is graciously pleased once more to propose
" and require,
"That his town of Hull be immediately de1i-
" vered up to him; which being done, (though his
" lnajesty hath been provoked by unheard of inso-
"lences of sir John Hotham's, since his burning
"and drowning the country, in seizing his wine,
" and other provisions for his house, and scornfully
" using his servant, wholn he sent to requu'e them;
" saying, it caIne to hi In by Providence, and he will
" keep it; and so refusing to deliver it, with threats
" if he, or any other of his fellow-servants, should
" again repair to Hull about it; and in taking and
" detaining prisoners, divers gentlemen, and others,
"in their passage over the Hun1ber into Lincoln-
"shire about their necessary occasions; and such
" other indignities, as all gentlemen must resent in
" his majesty's behalf,) his majesty, to shew his ear-
"nest desire of peace, for which he will dispense
"with his own honour, and how far he is from de-
" sire of revenge, will grant a free and general par-
" don to all persons within that town.
" That his n1ajesty's magazine, taken from Hull,
" be forthwith put into such hands, as he shall ap-
" point.
" That his navy be forthwith delivered into such
"hands, as he hath directed for the goverlunent

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TI-IE HISTORY

" thereof: the detaining thereof after his nlajesty's
"directions, published and received, to the con-
" trary; and employing his ships against hinl in
"such manner as they are now used, being- noto-
"rious high treason in the commanders of those
" ships.
" That all arms, levies, and provisions for a war,
"made by the consent of both houses, (by ,vhose
"example his nlajesty hath been forced to n1ake
"some preparations,) be iminediately laid do\\?n;
" and the pretended ordinance for the militia, and
" all po\\'er of imposing la,vs upon the subject ,vith-
" out his lnajesty's consent, he disav'o,ved; ,vithout
" which, the same pretence ,viII remain to produce
" the saIne nlischief. All which his majesty may as
" la,vfully demand as to IÏ\re, and can with no more
" justice be denied him, than his life may be taken
" from him.
" These being done, and the parliament adjourned
" to a safe and secure place, his majesty promises,
"in the presence of God, and binds hinlself by all
" his confidence and assurance in the affection of
" his people, that he ,vill instantly, and most cheer-
" fully, lay do,vn all the force he shall have raised,
" and discharge all his future and intended levies;
" that there nlay be a general face of peace over the
"'v hole kingdol11; and will repair to thel11: and
" desires, that all differences lTIay be freely debated
"in a parlialnentary w'ay; ,vhcrehy the la\v nlay
" recover its due reverence, the subject his just li-
" berty, and parliaments thclnsel\res their full \yigour
"and estimation; and so the "rhole kingdol11 a
" blessed peace, {Juiet, and prosperity.
" If these propositions shall he rejected, his ma-

OF THE REBELLION.

139

" jesty doubts not of the protection and assistance
" of Ahnighty God, and the ready concurrence of
"his good subjects; who can have no hope left
"theln of enjoying their own long, if their king
" may be oppressed and spoiled, and must be renle-
"diless. And though his to,vns, his ships, his
" arms, and his money, be gotten, and taken froln
" him, he hath a good cause left, and the hearts of
" his people; which, with God's blessing, he doubts
" not, ,vill recover all the rest.
" Lastly, if the preservation of the protestant re-
" ligion, the defence of the liberty and laws x of the
" kingdom, the dignity and freedon1 of parlian1ent,
" and the reco,yery and the relief of bleeding and
" miserable Ireland, be equally precious to the }Jcti-
" tioners, as they are to his majesty, (who ,viII have
" no quarrel but in defence of these,) tJlere will be a
" cheerful and speedy consent to ,vhat his majesty
" hath no\v proposed and desired: and of this his
"majesty expects a full and positive ans,ver by
" 'V ednesday the 27th of this instant July; till
"when he shall not ]nake any attenlpt of force
" upon Hull, hoping in the affection, duty, and loy-
" alty of the petitioners: and, in the 111ean time,
" expects that no supply of nlen be put into Hull,
" norY any of his majesty's goods taken from thence."
The whole court, upon the hearing that petition
from the t\\"O houses read, expressed a nlarveIJous
indignation at the intolerable indignities offered to
the king by it; and seenlcd no better satisfied ,vith
the messengers; who had l)l'ofessed, that they broug})t
an absolute submission to his majesty; "Then, in

x law
] law

) nor] or

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] 642.

140

THE HIS"rORY

truth, what they brought appeared to be a full jus-
tification of whatsoever they had done before, and
an implied threat of doing ,vorse, and fixing all the
scandals upon his majesty, ,vhich they had scattered
abroad before: insollluch tlJat 7. all men expected
and believed his l11ajesty to be engaged, for the vin-
dication of his princely dignity and honour, to re-
turn a much sharper answer to them than he bad
ever sent. So that, \v hen this \v hieh is before set
down (and ,vhich had before been consented to, and
approved in the full assembly of the peers and
counsellors) was read publicly, it was generally
thought, that the king had not enough resented the
insolence and usurpation of the parliament, or ap-
peared sensible enough of the provocations: yet the
thought of a war, which wise men saw actually
levied upon the king already, was so much ahhorred,
and TIlen were so credulous of every expedient which
,vas pretended for peace, that by the next morning
(the answer being delivered in the evening) these
active messengers for the parlianlent persuaded
many "that the king's ans\ver was too sharp, and
"would provoke the houses, ,vho \"ere naturally
" passionate, to proceed in the high "rays they \vere
" in; whereas, if the king would abate that severity
" of language, and would yet take off the preamble
" of his ans\ver, they \vere confident, and the earl of
" Holland privately offered to undertake, that satis-
"faction should be given to all that his majesty
"proposed." And, by this means, some were so far
wrought upon, as they earnestly iU1portuned the
king, "that he would take his answer, which he

.
7. tbat] as

OF THE REBELLION. 141

" had publicly deli vered the night before, from the
" lnessengers; and, instead thereof, return only the
" n1atter of his own propositions, a in the most soft
" and gentle language; without the preamble, or
" any mention of the b unjustifiable and unreason-
" able demean our of the parliament c towards him."
But his majesty replied, "that he had for a long
" time, even after great provocations, and their first
" general ren10nstrance to the people, treated with
"all imaginable compliance and lenity of words
" with theIn; and discovered their unjustifiable and
" extravagant d proceedings ,vith and against him,
"and the consequences that would inevitably at-
" tend their progress in them, with such tender ex-
" pressions, as if he believed whatever was amiss to
" proceed from D1isinformation only, and unskilful
" lnistakes: that this gentleness and regard of his
" was so far from operating upon them, that their
" insolence and irregularities increased; and it lnight
" be from that reason, that e their messages and de-
" clarations were writ f in so high a dialect, and \vith
" that sovereignty of language, as if he were sub-
" ject to their jurisdiction; and did not g know but
" it might have SOlne influence upon his people to
"his disadvantage, that is, raise terror towards
" them, and lessen their reverence towards his ma..
"jesty, \vhen all their petitions and propositions
" ,vere more imperative than his just and necessary
" refusals: \vhich condescension his majesty had

a only the Inatter of his own
propositions,] the sum matter
of his own propositions only,
h the] their
C of the parliament] þtof in
J/S.

d extravagant] most extrava-
gant
e that] and
f writ] written
g did not] he did not

ROOK
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142

1'HE HIS'rOR Y

" brought himself to, in hope, that his example, and
"their natural shalne, ,vould have reformed that
" new licence of words: that this last address, un-
" del' the name of a petition, (a fe\v days after they
" had violently ravished his \vhole fleet from hinl;
" and prepared the same day, that they had chosen
" a general, to whom they had s"Torn allegiance, to
"lead an arlny against him,) contained a perelnp-
" tory justification of \vhatsoever they had done,
"and as peremptory a threatening of whatsoever
" they could do: and therefore, if he should now
" retract his ans\ver, \vhich had been solemnly con-
" sidered in council, before all the peers, and \vhich
"in truth inlplied rather a princely resentment of
"the indignities offered to him, than flowed \vith
" any sharp or bitter expressions, he should, by such
" yielding, give encouragement to new attempts;
"and could not but much discourage those, upon
" whose affections and loyalty he was principally to
" depend; \vho could not think it safe to raise them-
"selves to an indignation on his behalf, when he
" expressed so tender or so little sense of his o\vn
" sufferings: besides, that he was then upon an
"avowed hostile enterprise for the reduction of
" Hull; towards which he ,vas to use all possible
" l11eans to draw a force together, equal to that de-
" sign; and by such a retraction h as this proposed,
" and a seenling declension of his spirit, and de-
" pending upon their good natures, "rho had done
" all this 111ischief, he should not only be inevitahly
" disappointed of the resort of ne\v strength, but,
"probably, deserted by those few whonl he had

11 retraction] retractation

OF 'l"HE REBELLION. 143

" brought together: that he could not reasonably
" or excusahly depend upon the undertaking of the
" earl of Holland; \vho had so grossly deceived him
" in other undertakings, which were immediately in
"his own power to have perforuled: whe
eas nei-
" ther he, nor i either of the other t \VO gentlelnen,
" \Vl10 were joined \vith him in this employment,
" bad so much interest with the active and prevail-
"ing party, as to kno\v n10re of their intentions
" than was at present necessary to he discovered for
" their concun'ence.
" fIe said, that he had never yet consented to
" anyone particular, since the beginning of this
" parlian1ent, by \vhich he had received prejudice,
" at the doing whereof he had not the solemn un-
" dertakings and promises of those, who were nluch
" abler to justify their undertakings than the earl of
" IIolland; and upon "Thorn he only depended, that
"it should be no disservice to him, and would be
" an infallible means to con1pass all that his ma-
" jesty desired: k but he had ahvays found those
"prolnisers and undertakers, though they could
"eminently carryon any counsel, or conclusion,
" that "ras against law, justice, or his right, had
" never PO\\rer to reduce or restrain those agitations
"within any hounds of sobriety and moderation:
" anù \vhen they founù that lllany \vould not be
"guided hy thein, that they n1ight seen1 still to
" lead, themselves as furiously followed the other;
" and resorted again to his majesty with some new
" expedient, as destructive as the former. So that
" he \vas resolved I to rely upon God Almighty, and

i nor] or I rcsol red] henceforward re-
k desired:] rea
onably de- solved
sired:

BOOK
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1642.

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1642.

144

THE HISTORY

" not so much to depend upon what might possibly
" prevail upon the affections of those, from whom,
" reasonably, he could not expect any good, as upon
" such plain ånd avowed courses, as, let the success
" be ""hat it ,vould, must, to all judging men, ap-
" pear to be prudently and honourably relied on: III
"and therefore he positively refused to make the
" least alteration in his ans\ver." And so the nles-
sengers departed, leaving the court and country
worse affected than they found it; and branding
some particular persons, WhOlll they found less in-
clined to be ruled by their professions and promises,
" as the authors of a civil war:" and making them
as odious as they could, wherever they came.
And sure, from that time, the earl of Holland
was more transported froB1 his natural tenlper and
gentleness of disposition, into passion and animosity
against the king and his lllinisters; and, having
been nothing pleased with his o\vn condition at
London, finding the earl of Essex (wholn he did
not secretly love, and did indeed conten1ll n) to dra\v
all men's eyes to\vards hiIn, and to have the great-
est interest in their hearts, he bad seriously in-
tended, under colour of this n1essage to the king, to
discover if there \vere any sparks yet left in his
royal breast, which luight be kindled into affection,
or acceptation of his service; and hoped, if he could
get any credit, to redeen1 his fbrluer trespasses: but
when he not only found his majesty cold 0 towards
hiln, but easily enough discerned, by his reception,
that all former inclinations were dead, and nlore

m relied on:J to be relied
on:
n and did indeed contemn]
and indeed contemned

o not only found his majesty
cold] found his majesty not
onJy cold

OF THE REBELLION. 145

than ordinary prejudices grown up towards him in
their places, and that his advices were rejected, he
returned with rancour equal to the lllost furious he
went to; and heartily joined and concurred towards
the suppressing that po\ver, in the administration
whereof he ,vas not like to bear any part.
His 111ajesty having, by his ans\ver, obliged hinl-
self not to nlake any forcible attenlpt upon Hull till
the 27th of July, by ,vhich tÍ1ne he might reason-
ably expect an ans,ver to his propositions, in the
mean tiule resal ved to Inake some short progress
into the neighbour counties; and accordingly, the
saIne day the messengers departed, the king went
to Doncaster; and the next day to N ottinghaln ;
and so to Leicester; where he heard the earl of
Stanlford, and SOllle other parliament men, were
executing the ordinance of the l11ilitia: but, before
his majesty came thither, they reilloved themselves
to Northampton; a town so true to then1, as, if
they had been pursued, would have shut their gates
against the king himself. as Hull had done.
At Leicester the king was received \vith great
expressions of duty and loyalty, by the appearance
of the trained bands, and full acclamations of the
people; yet there were two accidents that happened
there, which, if they he at all rell1emhered, will
luanifest, that if the king were loved there as he
ought to be, that the parIialnent was 1110re feared
than he. I t happened to be at the tÎu1e of the ge-
neral assizes, and justice Reeve (a n1an of a good
reputation for learning and integrity; and who, in
good tin1es, ,voldd have heen a good judge) sat
there as judge; and 1\11". Henry IIastings, younger'
son to the earl of Huntingdon, was purposely madf'
YOJ
. III. I,

BOOK
v.
1642. .

BOOK
v.

] 642.

146

THE HISTORY

high sheriff, to contain the county within the linIits
of their duty by the power of that office, as ,veIl as
by the interest and relation of his falnily. The earl
of Stamford, and his assistants, had departed the
town but few hours before his majesty's entrance;
and had left their Inagazine, which ,vas indeed the
magazine of the county, in a little storehouse at the
end of the town, guarded by some inferior officers,
whom they had brought do,vn to train and exercise
the militia, and other zealous and devoted men of
the county, in all to about the number ofp twenty-
five, who had barricadoed the door of the house;
and professed "to keep it against all demanders;"
having provisions "\vithin it of all sorts. The king
was very unwilling (conling in so peaceable a man-
ner, at so peaceable a time) to take any notice of it.
On the other hand, it was an act of too great inso-
lence to be suffered; and, upon the matter, to leave
a garrison of the rebels in possession of the to,vn;
and therefore he sent word to the judge, "that if
"he took not sonle legal way to relTIOVe such a
" force so near his majesty, his nlajesty would do it
" in SOUle q extraordinary course;" which, upon the
sudden, would have puzzled hinl to have done;
having neither soldier, cannon, nor r powder to ef-
fect it; the want of ,vhich as much troubled the
sheriff. In the end, the gentlenlen of the country,
who had not yet otherwise declared thenlselves on
either side, than by ,vaiting on his nlajesty, finding
that the king would not go fronl the town till that
nuisance ,vas relnoved; and that it might bring in-
conveniences, charge, and mischief to the county of

P to about the nmnber of] to
the n1llnber of about

q some] an
r nor] or

OF 'rHE REBELLION.

147

a high nature; so prevailed, that, as his majesty
was contented to take no notice of it, so they with-
in the house, in the night, upon assurance of safety
and liberty to go whither they would, removed and
left the house; and so that n1atter was quieted.
The other accident t was, or \vas like to have
proved, more ridiculous: Some of tbe king's ser-
vants, hearing that the earl of Stamford, and the
other militia men, were newly gone out of the town,
had of thell1selves, conling thither before the king,
galloped after them; intending to have apprehended
them, and brought thenl before the king; and,
though the other were too fleet for them, had, in
the \vay, overtaken Dr. Bastwick, a man \veIl known,
who had been a principal officer \vith them at Lei-
cester, and fled at the same time, but could not
keep pace with his commanders: him they brought
to the town, where, by the sheriff, he was coromitted
to prison; having confessed enough treason, an-d
justifying it, as would have justly hanged any sub-
ject. The king thought once to have had him in-
dicted then at the assizes, upon the plain statute of
25 Edw. III. But the judge besought his rnajesty
not to put a matter of so great mon1ent, upon which
the power of the two houses of parliament, and a
parliament sitting, must be determined, before .one
single judge, whose reputation was not enough to
bear so great a burden : however, he declared his
o\vn opinion fully to his majesty, " that it was trea-
" son; which, he believed, all the other judges 111ust
" acknowledge; and, if s convened together by his
" majesty to that purpose, he thought a joint dccla-

1\ accident] Not in iUS. t if] beiug
L2

BOOK
v.

1642.

148

'l"HE HIS'l'ORY

BOOK "ration and resolution of an together might be of
v.
" great use to the king; whereas the publishing of
1642. "his particular opinion could only destroy hin1self,
"and nothing advance his n1ajesty's service: be-
" sides, he had no reason to be so confident of the
" country, as to conclude, that a jury, then sud-
" denly SUl111nOned, would have courage to find the
" bill; and then their not doing it, if it \vere at-
"teI11pted, would prove a greater countenance to
" the ordinance, than the votes U of the two houses
" had yet given it." This last reason gave his n1a-
jesty satisfaction; x so that he ,vas contented that
the fello\v should be kept in prison, and the trial be
deferred, till he could conveniently sunlmon more
judges to be present.
His ll1ajesty ,vas no sooner persuaded to be con-
tent that this prosecution might be suspended, but
the close agents for the parlian1ent's service, ,vho
were not yet discovered, but appeared very entire
to the king, so dexterously carried themselves, that
they prevailed \vith those gentlen1en of the country,
whose zeal to his majesty was most enlinent and
unquestionable, and even \vith the judge hin1self,
" to \vish, that his majesty \\Tould freely and gra-
" ciously discharge the doctor of his Ïlnprisonn1ent;
"or give the judge leave to do so upon a habeas
" corpus;" (which he ,vas advised to require:)
" and that it ,vould be such an act of mercy and
" singular justice, that would not only ,york upon
" the people of that county to his majesty's advan-
" tage, but must have a great influence upon the
"whole kingdom, and even upon the parliament

n votes] vote

:It satisfaction;] greater satisfaction;

OF THE REBELLION. 149

"itself." And with this strange desire the good
judge, and those principal gentlemen, confidently
came to the king, the night before he intended to
return northward. His majesty told them, "he
" would think of it till the next morning." And, in
the mean time, concluding by what he heard, that
though he should I'efuse to discharge him, or to
consent that he should be discharged, his restraint
would not be long in that place after his departure,
the people already resorting to him with great li-
cence, and the doctor, according to his nature, talk-
ing seditiously and loudly, he directed" a messen-
"gel' of the chamber very early, ,vith such assist-
" ance as the sheriff should give hin1, to carry him
" a\vay to Nottingham; and, by the belp of that
" sheriff, to the gaol at York:" which ,vas executed
accordingly with expedition and secrecy; if either
of which had been absent, it is certain the common
people had rescued him; which, of how trivial a
moment soever it shall be thought, I could not but
lllcntion as an instance of the spirit and tenlper of
that time, and the great disadvantage the king was
upon, that so many very good men thought fit, at a
time, when very many hundreds of persons of ho-
nour and quality were imprisoned with all strictness
and severitJ by the parliament, upon the bare sus-
picion that they meant to go to the king, or that
they ,vished well to hÜn, or for not submitting to
some illegal order or command of theirs, that the
king should discharge an infaulous person, taken in
an act of high treason, and who lnore frankly and
avo,vedl y professed sedition, than he did the science
of 'v hich he pretended to be doctor.
The king, according to his appointment, l
eturned
I.. 3

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 6-12.

The parlia-
ment's re-
plication,
July 26,
1642.

150

TIlE HISTORY

to\vards Hull, in expectation of an answer from the
parlÏalnent; which cal11e two days after the ap-
pointed day, but with no solemnity of messengers,
or other ceremony, than inclosed to one of the se-
cretaries to be presented to the king, in which they
told hin),
" That they could not, for the present, with the
"discharge of the trust reposed in them for the
" safety of the king and kingdoln, yield to those
H demands of his majesty. The reason why they
" took into their custody the town of Hull, the ma-
"gazine, and na vy; passed the ordinance of the
" militia; and made preparation of arms; was for
" security of religion, the safety of his Inajesty's
" person, of the kingdoDl, and parliament; all which
" they did see in evident and ÏInminent danger;
"from which \vhen they should be secured, and
" that the forces of the kingdonl should not be used
"to the destruction thereof, they should then be
" ready to withdraw the garrison out of I lull, to
" deliver the nlagazine and navy, and settle the mi-
" litia, by bill, in such a ,yay as should be honour-
" able and safe for his nlajesty, lnost agreeable to
" the duty of parlianlent, and effectual for the good
" of the kingdom; as they had professed in their
" late petition. And for adjourning the parlianlent,
" they apprehended no reason for his 111ajesty to re-
" quire it, nor security for themselves to consent to
"it. And as for that reason \vhich his majesty
" ,vas pleased to express, they doubted not but the
" usual place would be as safe for his royal person,
" as any other; considering the full assurance they
" had of the loyalty and fidelity of the city of Lon-
" don to his majesty; and the care ,vhich his par-

OF THE REBELLION. 151

" liament would ever have to prevent any danger,
"which his majesty might justly apprehend; be-
" sides the manifold conveniences to be had there,
" beyond any Yother parts of the kingdom. And
" as for the laying down of arlns; \vhen the causes
" which Inoved them to provide for the defence of
"his majesty, the kingùom, and parliament, should
"be taken away, they should very willingly and
" cheerfully forbear any further preparations, and
" lay down their force already raised."
\Vhich replication, as they called it, to his ma-
jesty's answer, they ordered "to be printed, and
" read in all churches and chapels within the king-
" dom of England, and dominion of \Vales."
And so the war was no\" denounced by their ex-
press words against his majesty, as it had been long
before in their actions; and both parties seeilled to
give over all thoughts of further treaties and over-
tures; and each prepared to make themselves Z con-
siderable by the strength and power of such forces
as they could draw together.
In London they intended nothing but the forln-
ing of their army, and such other things of po\ver,
as were a in order thereunto. To that purpose, the
bill for the payment of tonnage and poundage being
expired on the first day of July, and they having
sent another of the same nature to the king for his
consent, for six Inonths longer, his Inajesty, since
he saw that, and all other money properly belong-
ing to hÌ1n, violently taken froin him, and employed
1)y theln against him, refused to give his royal as-
sent thereunto: whereupon, without the least hesi-

y any] Not in ./J;IS. :r. themselves] himself 3 were] was
L4

BOOK
V.

1642.

nOOK
v.

1 ô42.

152

THE HISTORY

tation, (albeit it had been enacted this very parIia-
Inent, "that whosoever should presunle to payor
" receive that duty, after the expiration of the act,
"before the sanle ,vas regranted to b his majesty
" with the consent of the lords and COllllllons, should
" be in a prænlunire;" which is the heaviest pu-
nishment inflicted by la,v, but the loss of life,) they
appointed and ordered by the po,ver of the t,vo
houses, (which they called an ordinance of parlia-
Inent,) "that the saine duty should be continued;
"and declared, that they ,vould save all persons
" concerned froJn any penalty or punishlnent \vhat-
" soever:" by which, they no,v becan1e possessed of
the custonlS in their o\vn right.
Towards such as any ways (though under the
obligation of oaths or offices) opposed or discounte-
nanced what they ,vent about, they proceeded with
the most extravagant severity that had been ever
heard of; of \vhich I shan only nlention t,vo in-
stances; the first, of the lord Inayor of London, sir
Richard Gurney, a citizen of great \vealth, reputa-
tion, and integrity; ,vhom the lords had, upon the
cOlllplaint of the house of COllllllons, before their
senòing the last petition to the king, (of which his
Inajesty gave them a touch in. his answer,) com-
mitted to the tower of London; for causing the
king's proclalllation against the militia, by virtue of
his nlajesty's writ to hinl directed, and according to
the kno,vn òÚty of his place, to be publicly pro-
{;lailned. And shortly after, that they might have
a nlan Illore conlpliant ,vith their designs to govern
the city, not\vithstanding that he insisted upon his

ù to] by

OF THE REBELLION.

153

innocence, and made it appear that he was obliged
by the la\vs of the land, the customs of the city,
and the constitution of his office and his oath, to do
whatsoever he had done; he was by their lordships,
in the presence of the commons, adjudged "to be
" put out of his office of lord nlayor of London; to
"be utterly incapable of bearing office in city or
" kingdonl, and of e all honour or dignity; and to
"be imprisoned during the pleasure of the two
" houses of parliament." And, upon this sentence,
alderman Pennington, so often before mentioned,
was, by the noise and clan10ur of the comnlon peo-
ple, against the customs and rules of election, made
mayor, and accordingly installed; and the true, old,
\vorthy mayor committed to the tower of London;
\vhere, \vith notable courage and constancy, he con-
tinued aln10st to his death. d
The other instance I think fit to mention is that
of judge l\lallet; who, as is before renlen1bered, was
comn1itted to the to\ver the last Lent, for having
seen a petition prepared by the grand jury of Kent,
for the countenance of the Book of Conlmon Prayer,
and against the imposition of the militia by ordi-
nance \vithout the royal assent. This judge (being,
this SUlllmer circuit, again judge of assize for those
counties) sitting at Maidstone upon the great assize,
some n1embers of the house of commons, under the
style and title of a cOinmittee of parliament, came
to the bench; and, producing SOine votes, and or-
ders, and declarations of one or both houses, "re-

C and of] incapable of
d where, with notable cou-
rage anù constancy, he continued
almost to his death.] where he

hath with notable courage and
constancy continued to this pre-
sen t.

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

154

THE HISTORY

"quired him, in the name of the parliament, to
"cause those papers" (being on the behalf of the
ordinance of the militia, and against the commission
of array) "to be read." He told thenl, "that he
" sat there by virtue of his majesty's C0111111issions;
" and that he was authorized to do any thing com-
" prised in those comlnissions; but he had no au-
" thority to do any thing else; and therefore, there
" being no mention, in either of his cOlnmissions, of
" those papers, or the publishing any thing of that
" nature, he could not, nor ,vould not e do it;" and
so (finding less respect and sublnission than they
expected, both to their persons and their business,
froln the learned judge, and that the whole county,
at least the prime gentlemen and the grand jury,
which represented f the county, contemned both
nluch more) this conl1nittee returned to the house
,vith great exclamations against Mr. Justice Mallet,
" as the fomenter and protector of a malignant fac-
"tion against the parlianlent." And, upon this
charge, a troop of horse was sent to attend an of-
ficer; ,vho came with a warrant fron1 the houses,
or some cOlnlnittee, (whereas justice l\lallet, being
an assistant of the house of peers, could not regu-
larly be SUlTIlnOnèd by any other authority,) to
Kingston in Surrey, where the judge ,vas keeping
the general assizes for that county; and, to the un-
speakable dishonour of the public justice of the
kingdon1, and the scandal of all 111inisters or lovers
of justice, in that violent manner took the judge
fron1 the bench, and carried hiIn prisoner to \Vest-
minster; from whence, by the two houses, he ,vas

e not] Erased in lJ-lS.

f represented] presented

OF THE REBELLION. 155

committed to the tower of London; where he re-
ll1ained for the space of above two years, without
ever being charged with any particular crime, till
he was redeen1ed by his majesty by the exchange of
another, whose liberty they desired.
By these hejghtened acts of power and terror,
they quickly delDonstrated how unsecure it ,vould
be for any n1an, at least not to concur with them.
And, having a general, arn1S, money, and men
enough at their devotion, they easily forn1ed an
army, publicly disposing such troops and regiments,
as had been raised for Ireland, and, at one time, one
hundred thousand pounds of that money, which, by
act of parlialnent, had been paid for that purpose,
towards the constituting that army, which was to
be led against their lawful sovereign. So that it
was very evident, they would be in such an equi-
page ,vithin few weeks, both with a train of artil-
lery, horse, and foot, all taken, armed, furnished,
and supplied out of his majesty's own magazines
and stores, that they had not reason to fear any op-
position. In the ll1ean time, they declared, and pub-
lished to the people, "that they raised that army
" only for the defence of the parliament, the king's
" person, and the religion, liberty, and la\vs of the
" kingdol11, and of those, who, for their sakes, and
" for those ends, had obeyed their orders: that the
" king, by the instigation of evil counsellors, had
" raised a great army of papists; by ,vhich he in-
" tended to awe and destroy the parliament; to in-
" troùuce popery and tyranny: of which intention,
"they said, his requiring Hull; his sending out
" commissions of array; bespeaking g arll1S and am-
g bespeaking] his bespeaking

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

J 642.

156

THE HISTORY

"munition beyond the seas; (there having been
" some brought to him by the ship called the Provi-
" dence;) his declaring sir John Hotham traitor;
" and the putting out the earl of Northumberland
" from being lord high admiral of England; his re-
" moving the earl of Penlbroke, Essex, Holland, the
" lord Fielding, and sir Henry Vane, from their se-
" veral places and enlployments ; were sufficient and
" ample evidences: and therefore they conjured all
"men to assist their general, the earl of Essex."
And, for their better and more secret transaction of
all such counsels, as were necessary to be entered
upon, or followed, they made h a committee, of sonle
choice menlbers of either house, to intend the great
business of the kingdom with reference to the ar}11Y;
who had authority, without so nluch as conlllluni-
eating the nlatter to the house, to ilnprison persons,
seize upon their i estates; and lnany other particu-
lars, which the two houses, in full pariialllent, had
not the least regular, legal, justifiable authority to
do. And for the better encouragement of men to
engage in the service, the lord Killlboiton, and the
five melllbers of the house of corllinons, formerly ac-
cused by his majesty of high treason, upon solemn
debate, had several regilnents conferred on them;
and, by their exalnple, many other members of both
houses, SOllle upon their lo\vness, and decayedness
of their fortunes, others to get name and reputation
to be in the nUlnber of reforlners, (alnongst wholl1
they doubted not all places of honour, or offices of
profit, ,vould be besto,,'"ed,) nlost upon the confi-
dence, that all ,vould be ended ,vithout a blo,v, by
the king's want of po,ver to gather strength, de-
h Inade] chose I their] Not in JJIS.

OF THE REBELLION. 157

sired and obtained command of horse or foot; their
quality making amends for their want of experience,
and their other defects; ,vhich were repaired by
nlany good officers, both English and Scots; the
late troubles having brought many of that tribe to
London, and the reputation of the earl of Essex
having drawn others, out of the Low Countries, to
engage in that service. In the choice of ,vhich offi-
cers, k ,vhilst they accused the king of a purpose to
bring a 1 foreign force, and of entertaining papists,
they neither considered nation norm religion; but
entertained all strangers and foreigners, of what re-
ligion soever, who desired to run their fortune in
then war.
On the other side, preparations were not made
with equal expedition and success by the king, to-
,vards a ,val": for, though he well understood and
discerned that he had nothing else to trust to, he
was to encounter strange difficulties to do that.
He was so far fron1 baving n10ney to levy or pay
soldiers, that he was, at this very time, compelled,
for very real want, to let fall all the tables kept by
his officers of state in court, by which so many of
all qualities subsisted; and the prince, and duke
of York, eat ,vith his Inajesty; which table only 'vas
kept. And whoever knows the constitution of a
court, well knows ,vhat indispositions naturally flow
from those declensions; and ho,v ill those tempers
bear any din1inution of their own interests; and,
being once indisposed then1selves, ho,v easily they
infect others. And that which made the present

k which officers,] whom,
I bring a] bring in

m nor] or
n the] Not in MS.

BOOK
v.

1642.

158

THE HISTORY

1642.

,vant of lTIOney the Dlore intolerable, there was no
visible hope from whence supply could come, in any
reasonable time: and that which was a greater want
than money, which men rather feared than found,
there were no arn1S; for, notwithstanding the fan1e
of the great store of ammunition brought in by that
ship, it consisted only in truth of cannon, po\vder,
and bullet, with eight hundred muskets, which ,vas
all the king's magazine. So that the hastening of
levies, which at that time was believed would not
prove difficult, would be to little purpose, when they
should continue unarmed. But that ,vhich troubled
the king more than all these real incapacities of
making war, was the temper and constitution of his
own party; which was compounded, for the most
part, in court, council, and country, of men dra\vn
to him by the impulsion of conscience, and abhor-
ring the unjust and irregular proceedings of the par-
liament; otherwise unexperienced in action, and un-
acquainted with the mysteries and necessary policy
of government; severe observers of the law, and as
scrupulous in all D1atters relating to it,o as tbe other
pretended to be: all his ll1ajesty's ancient counsellors
and servants, (except some few of lasting honour,
whom we shall have occasion often to mention,)
that they might redeem p former oversights, or for
other unworthy designs, heing q either publicly against
him in London, or privately discrediting his interest
and actions in his own court. rrhese men still urged
" the execution of the law; that what extravagances
" soever the parliaD1ent practised, the king's observa-

BOOK
v.

o relating to it,] of relation,
P that they might redeem] be-

ing to redeem
(J being] Not ill MS.

OF THE REBELLION. 159

"tion of the law would, in the end, suppress them
" all:" and, indeed, believed the raising a "Tar to be
so wicked a thing, that they thought it impossible
the parlialnent should intend it, even ,vhen they
kne\v what they were doing. However theyr con-
cluded, "that he, that was forwardest in the prepar-
" ing an arlny, would be first odious to the people;
"by the affections of \vhom, the other would be
" easily suppressed."
This was the general received doctrine; and
though it appeared plainly to others
(of equal affec-
tion to the public peace,) how fatal those conclu-
sions, in that sense in which they were urged, must
prove to the whole kingdom; and how soon the king
must be irrecoverably lost, if he proceeded not more
vigorously in his defence; yet even those men durst
not, in any formed and public debate, declare them-
selves; or speak that plain English the state of
affairs required; but satisfied themselves with speak-
ing, \vhat they thought necessary, to the king in
private; by which means S the king wanted those
firm and solid foundations of counsel and foresight,
that t were luost necessary for his condition: so that
he could neither impart the true motives and grounds
of any in1portant action, nor discover the utmost
of his designs. And so he still seemed" (notwith-
standing the greatest and avowed preparations of the
enemy) to intend nothing of hostility, but in order
to the reducing of Hull; the benefit of which, he
hoped, would engage the trained bands of that great
county, (which was the sole strength he yet dre\v

r they] Not in MS.
8 by which means] so that by
this me:lns

t that] as
11 seemed] pretended

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.
] 642.

160

THE HISTORY

thither,) till he could bring other forces thither,
which might be fit for that, or any other design.
But there was another reason of his majesty's
going to and staying at Beverley, than was under-
stood; and, it may be, if it had been kno\vn, might
have produced a better effect; which I think neces-
sary to insert in this place. The lord Digby, \VhOn1
,ve have mentioned before, in the first disorder, by
which the king and queen \vere driven from Lon-
don, to have left England, and to be after unrea-
sonably accused by the house of COn11110nS of high
treason, had relnained from that time in Holland;
and, hearing the king's condition at York to be so
much Í111proved beyond \vhat he left it at "Tindsor,
had, with some C0111n1ands from the queen, arrived
there very privately, and staid SOlne days in a dis-
guise at York, revealing hinlself to very fe\v friends,
and speaking \vith the king in so secret a luanneI'
in the night, that no notice \vas taken of his being
there; and, finding the king's affairs not in so good
a posture as he expected, and conceiving it yet not
fit for hin1 to appear, resolved to return agai n to
the queen, and to hasten that provision of ar111S and
ammunition, without ,vhich it ,vas not possible for
the king to resist any violence that threatened hÜn;
and so, in the san1e bark \vhich brought hin1 over,
he ,vent again to sea for Holland, ,vith \Vihnot,
Ashhurnham, Pollard, and Berkley; \vho purposely
relTIoved themselves frol11 court, upon the clal110ur
of the parliament, till the king was ready to use
their service. They ,vere not many hours at sea,
\vhen they met the Providence, (which ,ve men-
tioned before,) with the amlnunition, \vhich \vas only
wanted; anò, wen kno\ving her, they agreed, "that

OF 'rHE REBELLION. 161

" lVihnot, Pollard, Berkley, should return with the
"ammunition to the king; and Digby and co!.
"Ashburnham should pursue their former inten-
" tions for Holland." But their parleys continued
so long, that the parliament ships, who had watched
and chased the Providence, came up to theIn, and
though the ship escaped, and run on shore, as was
before mentioned, yet the fly-boat, in which the
lord Digby was, could not so well get a,vay; but
was taken by them, and carried in with so lnuch the
more triumph x into Hull, that they had been disap-
pointed of their greater prize. Col. Ashburnham,
though he \vas in great un1brage \\rith the parlia-
lnent, and one of those delinquents, whom they re-
proached the king with, \vas so well known to sir
John Hotham, with whom he stood in a good de-
gree of familiarity, that he could not dissemble or
conceal himself; but the lord Digby, being in so real
a disguise, that his nearest friends would not easily
have known him, pretended to be a :Frenchman,
'v hose language he spoke excellently; and seemed
to be so sea-sick, that he kept hiinself in the hole of
the bark, till they came to Hull; and, in that time,
disposed of such papers as were not fit to be pe-
rused; and \vhen he came on shore, so well counter..
feited sickness, and want of health, that he easily
procured himself to be sent, under a guard, to some
obscure corner for repose; \vhilst co!. Ashburnham,
\vho was the only prisoner they thought worth the
looking after, was carefully can
ied to the governor;
,vho received him with as much civility as he could
reasonably expect.

x triumph] choler and triumph
YOl.. III. '[

BOOK
v.

1642.

lôQ

THE HISTORY

BOOK The lord Digby, being by hinlself, quickly consi-
v.
dered the desperateness of his condition: "that it
lfi42. "would not be possible to conceal himself lon g , bein g
The lord
Digby's " SO ,yell kno,vn to nlany ,vho ,vere in the Provi-
transac-
tions with "dence, and the garrison quickly kno,ving what-
sir John " k f . h h I
Hotham in soever was spo
en 0 In t e country: t at Ie was,
Hull. "how unjustly or unreasonably soever, the most
"odious man of the kingdom to the parliament;
" into whose hands if he should then come, his life
" would be, at least, in apparent hazard." And ho,v
to get hÏ1nself out of that labyrinth was very difficult,
since sir John Hothanl ,vas so far from any inclina-
tion of kindness towards him, as he had ownedY to
co!. Ashburnhanl, that he was in the number of his
lnost notorious enemies. However, in this elninent
extremity, (as he is a man of the greatest presence z
of mind, and the least appalled a upon danger, that I
have kno,vn,) he resolved not to give himself over;
and found means to Inake one of his guard, in broken
English, which might well have become any French-
man, understand, "that he desired to speak pri-
" vately with the governor; and that he would dis-
" cover sonle secrets of the king's and queen's to him,
" that would highly advance the service of the par-
"lianlent." The fellow made haste to let the gover-
nor know these good tidings; who understanding
French ,veIl, as speedily sent for the Frenchnlan;
who ,vas brought before him in the presence of
much cOlnpany, and, without any disorder, gave
such an account of himseJf, as they understood hilll
to have seen lnuch of the French service, (of which

Y owned] Omitted in MS.
z presenc
] presentness

a appalled] unappalled

OF THE REBELLION. 163

he spoke very fluently,) and to have come over re-
comlnended to the king for some comlll and, if he
should have occasion to use soldiers; as, he said,
people abroad conceived him likely to have. After
he had entertained the company with such dis-
course, there being present some gentlelnen, who
caIne lately out of France, and so being the more cu-
rious to administer questions, he applied himself to
the governor; and told him, "that if he might be
" admitted to privacy with him, he would discover
" some\vhat to him, which he would not repent to
" have known." The governor, who was a man apt
enough to fear his own safety, but 1110re apprehen-
sive of the jealousies ,vhich "Tould attend him, (for
his eldest son, and S011le others, were 1110re absolutely
confided in by the pal
liament than hinlself, and were
in truth but spies over hiln,) would not venture
hituself in another room; but dre,v hin1 to a great
window at a convenient distance froin the c0111pany,
and ,vished hÎ1n "to say ,vhat he thought fit." The
lord Digby, finding he could not obtain 1110re pri-
vacy, asked hiln, in English, "whether he kne,v
" him?" The other, surprised, b told hinl, "No."
" Then," said he, "I shall try whether I know sir
" John Hotham; and whether he be, in truth, the
" same man of honour I have always taken hÎ1n to
" be:" and, thereupon, told him \vho he ,vas; and
" that he hoped he was too much a gentlelnan to
" deliver him up a sacrifice to their rage and fury,
" \vho, he well kne\v, were his implacable enenlies."
The other, being astonished c, and fearing that the
by-standel's ,vonId discover him too, (for, being no,v

b surprised,] appalled, c a:;;tonished,]
lIrprised and astonished,
1\[ 2

nOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

164

r.rIIE HISTORY

told who he was, he \vondered he found it not out
himself,) he desired him "to say no n10re for the
" present; that he should not be sorry for the trust
" he reposed in him, and should finò hÎl11 the saBle
"man he had t
ought hiln: that he ,vould find
" SOlne tÎlne, as soon as conveniently he might, to
"have 1110re conference ,vith him. I n the mean
" ti111e, that he should content hiI11self ,vith the ill
" accoIDlllodation he had, the amendment whereof
" ,vould beget suspicion: and so he called the guard
" instantly to carry him a,vay, and to have a very
" strict eye upon hÍln;" and, turning to the COl11-
pany, and being conscious to himself of the trouble
and disorder in his countenance, told theIn, " that
" the Frenchman ,vas a shrewd fello,v, and under-
"stood more of the queen's counsels and designs,
" than a man would suspect: that he had told him
" that ,vhich the parlialnent would be glad to know;
"to wholn presently he \vould make a despatch,
"though he had not yet so clear informations, as,
" he presul11ed, he should have after two or three
" days :" and so departed to his chamber. d
I t was a wonderful influence, that this noble per-
son's stars (\vhich used to lead hin1 into and out of
the greatest perplexities and dangers, throughout
the ,,
hole course of his life) had upon this ,vhole af-
fair. IIothan1 was, by his nature and education, a
rough and a rude l11an; of great covetousness, of
great pride, and great aUlbition; \vithout any bo,,-els
of good nature, or the least sense or touch of gene-
rosity; his parts were not quick and sharp, but COl11-

d to his chamber.] The con- ing to MS. C. is inserted in the
filluation of lord Dighy's inter- Appendix, D.
t"Î"II'S 'With sir J.llotham, ((('('ord-

OF THE REBELLIO
.

165

posed, and he judged ,vell; he ,vas a man of craft,
and n10re like to deceive, than to be cozened: yet,
after all this, this young nobleman, kno,vn and ab-
horred by hin1, for his admirable faculty of dissin1u-
lation, had so :f.--U" prevailed, and i111posed upon his
spirit, that he resolved to practise that virtue, ,vhich
the other had Ílnputed to him; e and not to suffer
hÌIn to fall into the hands of his enemies. He sent
for hitll, the llext day, at f an hour "Then he ,vas
ll10re vacant from attendants and observers; and, at
first, told him his resolution; "that, since he had
" so frankly put hilllself into his hands, he ,vould
" not deceive his trust;" and ,vished him "to con-
" sider, in \vhat way, and by what colour, he should
" so set hitn at liberty, that he might, ,vithout any
" other danger, arrive at the place where he ,yould
"be. For," he said, "he ,vould not trust any per-
"son living with the secret, and least of all his
" son ;" Wh0111 he n1entioned with all the bitterness
in1aginable, " as a man of an ill nature, and furiously
" addicted to the worst designs the parliament had,
" or could have; and one that ,vas lllore depended
"upon by then1 than himself, and sent thither only
" as a spy upon him." From hence g he entered
upon the discourse" of the tÌInes, and Inischief that
" ,vas like to befall the "Thole kingdom, from the h
" difference het\veen the king and the parlia111cnt."
Then lalnented his o,vn fate, " that, being a man of
" very different principles from those ,,,ho drove
"things to this extrelnity, and of entire affection
" and duty to the king, he should now be looked

e to him;] iJJS. adds: which
he was absolutelv without;
r at J and at ·

g From hence] And from hence
b the] this

:.\1 3

BOOK
v.
1 G i2.

BOOK
v.

1642.

166

THE HIS'rORY

"upon as the chief ground and cause of the civil
" war \vhich ,vas to ensue, by his not opening the
" ports, when the king would have entered into the
" town:" of \vhich business, and of all the circun1-
stances attending it, he spake at large; and avo,ved,
" that the inforn1ation sent hin1 of the king's pur-
" pose presently to hang him, was the true cause of
" his having proceeded in that manner."
The lord Digby, who kne\v well enough how to
cultivate every period of such a discourse, and how
to "rork upon those passions ,vhich 'v ere n10st pre-
don1Ïnant in hhn, joined \vith hin1 in the sense of
the calalnities, ,vhich ,vere like to befall the nation;
\vhich he be,vailed }Jathetically; and, " that it should
" be in the power of a handful of ill men, corrupted
"in their affections to the king, and against nlO-
" narchy itselt to be i able to involve him, and lnany
" others of his clear intentions, in their dark coun-
" sels, and to engage thelll to prosecute ends ,vhich
" they abhorred, and which must detern1ine in the
"ruin of all the undertakers. For, he told hÍI11,
" that the king, in a short time, would reduce aU
"his enemies: that the hearts of the people were
" already, in all }Jlaces, aliened fron1 thel11; and that
" the fleet "ras so 111uch at the king's disposal, that,
"as soon as they should receive his orders, they
" v;ould appear in any place he appointed: that all
"the princes in Christendoln were concerned in
" the quarrel, and ,vould engage in it, as soon as
" they should be invited to it: and that the prince
" of Orange ,vas resolved to come over in the head
H of his arnlY, and \vould take Hull in three days."

j to be] should be

OF THE REBELI...ION. 167

All which ought, reasonably, to have been true in
the practick, though it had very little ground in the
speculation. And when he had, by degrees, an1used
and terrified him ,vith this discourse, he enlarged
upon" the honour and glory that man ,vould have,
" who could be so blessed, as to prevent this terrible
" confusion,k that was in view: that king and peo-
" pIe \vould join in rewarding hin1 ,vith honours and
" preferrnents of all kind; and that his nan1e ,vould
"he derived to posterity, as the preserver of his
"country." He told him, " He ,vas that lnan, that
" could do all this; that, by delivering up Hull to
" the king, he might extinguish the war; and that
" inunediately a peace would be established through-
" out the kingdon1: that the world believed, that he
"had SOlne credit both \vith the king and queen;
" that he \vould employ it all in his service; and if
"he would give hiln this rise to begin upon, he
"should find, that he would be llluch nlore soli-
" citous for his greatness, and a full recolnpense for
" his merit, than he was now for his o\vn safety."
All these advertisements and reflections ,vere the
subject of lnore than one discourse; for sir John
IIotham could not bear the variety and burden of all
those thoughts together; hut ,vithin two days all
things \vere adjusted bet\veen them. Hotharn said,
h it \vould not become him, after such a refusal, to
" put the to\vn into the king's hands; nor could he
" undertake (if he resolved) to effect it; the town
" itself being in no degree affected to his majesty'sl
" service; and the trained bands, of which the gar-
" rison wholly consisted, \vere under officers, upon

k confusion,] mass of confusion, 1 majesty's] Not in 111S.
1\1 4

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

]68

THE HISTORY

" \vhom he could not depend. But,'
he said, "if
" the king would come before the town, though but
" with one regiment, and plant his cannon against it,
" and make but one shot, he should think he had
" discharged his trust to the parliament, as far as he
" ought to do; and that he would imluediately then
" deliver up the to,vn; which he made no doubt but
" that he should be then able to do." And, on this
errand, he was contented the lord Digby should go
to the king, and be conducted out of the town be-
)Tond the lilnits of danger; the governor having told
those officers he trusted most, that " he would send
" the Frenchman to York; who, he ,vas \vell assur-
" ed, would return to hiln again." He gave hiln like-
,yise m a note to a wido\v, \vho lived in that n city, at
whose house he nlight lodge, and by whose hands he
lllight transmit any letters 0 to him.
\Vhen he came to York, and after he had spoke
with the king, it ,vas resolved, he P should appear in
his o,vn likeness, and wait upon the king in public,
that it might be believed, that he had transported
himself froln Holland in the ship that brought q the
ammunition; which was hardly yet cOlne to York, it
being now about the time that l\lr. Villiers and sir
John Pennington had been sent a,vay, and before
the ne\vs came of their ill success. This "ras the
cause of the sudden nlarch to\vards r Hull, before
there ,vas a soldier levied to nlake an assault, or

m lIe gave him likewise] .\nd
he ga\'e him
n that] the
o letters] letter
P after he had spoke with the
king, it was resolved, he] Thus
originally in MS.: after he had

spoke with his friend l\fr. Hyde
and the other two, who were
always together, and the king
had notice of his arrival, it was
resol \"ed, that he, &c.
q brought] had brought
r towards] to

OF TIlE REnELI-AIO
.

169

maintain a siege; ,vhich was so much wondered at BOOK
then, and so much censured afterwards. For as soon v.
as his majesty received this assurance, which he had 8 1642.
so much reason to depend upon, by the treatment
the lord Digby t had received, he declared" he would,
"upon such a day, go to Beverley," a place within
four Iniles of Hull; and appointed three or four re-
gilnents of the country, under the cOffilnand of such
gentlemen whose affection was unquestionable, to
march thither, as a guard to his person; and like\vise
sent a little train of artillery, \vhich might be ready
for the summons. \Vhen u his 111ajesty was ready
with this equipage for his march, the lord Digby re-
turned again in his old disguise x to Hull, to lllake
sure that all things there might correspond with the
former obligation. As soon as the king, and the '\\?hereupon
( l:' . d Y k the kintJ'
whole court, lor none remalne at or,) canle to goes to oBe_
Beverley, (\vhere they \vere all Y accommodated, d "er
ey with
eSIg-IJ upon
which ke p t theln from beino- q uickl J T wear""', ) and the H
Il, but in
b J ,'alD.
trained bands were like\vise come thither, the z ge-
neral, the earl of Lindsey, first took possession of his
office; a little troubled, and out of countenance, that
he should appear the general ,vithout an arl11Y; and
he engaged in an enterprise, which he could not ima-
gine would succeed. His majesty ordered hin1 a to
send out SOITIe officers, of which there ,vas a good
store, to take a view of the town, and of such advan-
tage ground, within distance, upon '\vhich he might
raise a battery; as if he meant on a sudden to assault

a recei \'ed this as
urance,
which he had] recei\'ed this as-
surance, and, besides the con-
fidence of the lord Digby,
t the lord Digby] he

U \Vhen] And when
x disguise] mode
Y all] well
z the] and the
a ordered him] wished him

BOOK
v.

J fi42.

170

TIlE IllS TORY

the place; "Thich appeared no unreasonable design,
if there \vere a good party in the town to depend
upon. And yet the general had no opinion, that his
army of trained bands \vould frankly expose them-
selves to such an attack. Besides a great number of
officers, and persons of quality, \vho ,vere all ,veIl
horsed, and had many servants as \veIl provided, the
king had his troop of guards so constituted as hath
heen said before; and there ,vere few horse C in Hull,
and those d without officers \vho under
tood that
kind of service. So that it was no hard lllatter to
take a very full vie\v of the to,vn, by riding to the
very ports, and about the ,valls; nor, at first appear-
ance, \vas there any sho,v of hostility fro111 the to\vn
upon their nearest approaches to it; but after they
had n1ade that visit two or three days together, they
observed that the ,valls ,vere better nlanned, and that
there "Tas every day an increase of labourers repair-
ing the works; and then they begun to shoot, ,vhen
any went ,vithin distance of the ,yorks.
All this \vhile e sir John Hothalll had tried SOlnc
of his officers, in whose particular affection he had
1110st confidence, how far they \vere like to be govern-
ed by him; and found thenl of a temper not to he
relied upon. His son ,vas gro\vn jealous of some de-
sign, and was caballing \vith those \vho were most
notorious for their disaffection to the governlnent;
and ne\v f officers \vere sent do,vn by the parliament,
to aS5ist in the defence of the town, which, they
thought, nlight prohably be attenlpted; and supplies
of Dlen had been taken in from the ships, and had

c horse] horses
ù and those] Not in 1118.

e All this while] Not in 1118.
f new] some new

OF THE REBELLION.

been sent thither from Boston, a to\vn upon the same
coast, g of eminent disloyalty. So that, when the
lord Digby returned thither, he found a great damp
upon the spirit of the governor, and a sadness of
mind, that he had proceeded so far; of which his
lordship h made all the haste he could to advertise
the king; but his letters must first be sent to York
before they could come to Beverley; and, when they
were received, they contained still somewhat of hope,
" that he should be able to i restore hiIn to his for-
" Iller courage j and confirm his resolution:" so that
the king seemed to defer any attempt, upon the
hopes of the earl of Holland's nlessage before men-
tioned k, and, in the end, he was compelled to give
over the design, all hope from the governor growing
desperate; ,vhether from his want of courage, or
want of po\ver to execute what he desired, remains
still uncertain. When sir John Hotham 1 gave over
further thoughts m of it, he dismissed both the lord
DigLy, and colonel Ashburnhanl, ,vhom he had like-
wise detained till then, as a man of use in the exe-
cution of the design, with many professions of duty
to the king; and as the concealing those two per-
sons, and afterwards releasing them, inunediately in-
creased the jealousy of the. parlialnent against hinl,
so it \vas the principal cause, after\\Tards, of the loss
of his head.
The king disnlissed the trained bands, and n rc-

g a town,upon thesan1ecoast,]
a neighbour town,
h his lordship] he
1 should be able to] might
k before mentioned] Not in
MS.
J sir John IIotham] he

m thoughts] tl)()ught
n The king dismissed the train-
ed bands, and] The king, after
three weeks' or a n1onth's stay
at Peverlev, dismissed the train-
ed bands,
veary of their sen'ice,
and, &c.

171

BOOK
v.

1642.

1 -0
.ñI

'rI-IE III STOll Y

BOO K turned ,vith his court to IT ork, in so nluch less crc-
v. dit than ,,,hen he came from thence, as the entering
1642. into a war without po\ver, or preparation to prose-
cute it, was like to produce. The 0 inconvenience
was the greater, because the principal persons of
quality, of court or country, and the officers, had the
less reverence for the king's conduct, by seeing such
an action entered upon ,vith so little reason, and pro-
secuted so perfunctorily: all \vhich reproaches his
lllajesty thought fitter to bear, than to discover the
1110tives of his journey; which ,vere then kllo"\\-n to
fe\\T, nor, to this day, have been published.
"Then the king returned to ì T ork, exceedingly
troubled at the late march he had nlade, and all nlen
expressing great impatience to be in action, very
lllany persons of honour and quality, having attended
long at court, believing p they might be In ore useful
to his majesty"s ser\Tice in their o\vn countries, in re-
straining the disaffected froln any seditious attelnpts,
and disposing the people in general to be constant in
their loyalty, an accident fell out, that made it abso-
lutely necessary for the king to declare the war,
and to enter upon it, before he ,vas in any degree
Colonel ripe for action; \vhieh ,vas, that Portsnlouth had
Goring, at d 1 d f!: h k . d Ii d 1 . h
Ports- ec are lor t e lng, an re use to su )1111t to t e
mouth de- I . h . h h d h
elares for par lament, 'v IC a t ereupon sent an arlllY,
the king. under the cOl1ul1and of sir "Tillianl "r aller, to re-
duce it. · The relating how this caIne to pass, re-
quires a large discourse, and q will adn1Ínister nluch
variety, not ,,"ithout sonle\vhat of pleasure and ,,-on-
del', fronl the tenlpcr and spirit of the person \y ho

o The] And the
I' believing] did belieye

q a.nd] which

OF TI-IE REBELLION.

173

conducted that action; if it can be said to be COll- BO 0 K
ducted without any conduct. r v.
1642.

T any conduct.] This account,
together with the character of
colonel Goring, is thus continued
in JUS. B. It is remembered
before, (or if it be not, it is too
llluch in the memory of too
many to be forgotten,) that co-
lonel Gorin
, who had been bred
in the court, and owed all he
Imd, and all he had to hope, to
the immediate bounty of the
crown, was governor of Ports-
mouth, and a principal officer in
the army, when that conspiracy
(as they called it) was entered
into by some of the chief officers,
as'Vilmot, Ashburnham, and the
rest, against the parliament: all
which Wê.lS discovered by Goring,
who thereby Inade himself a fa-
vourite to the governing party
in both houses, and was so ri-
vetted in their good opinion and
confidence, tl1at they would give
no countenance to any infórma-
tiolls they received, from persons
in whom they had confidence, of
any thing to his prejudice; but
thought tbe sourness and moro-
sity of their natures disposed
them to severity upon the gayety
of his hUlIlour, and some liber-
ties and excesses he used to in-
dulge to himself: and he no
sooner appeared upon any accu-
sation, but he renewed all their
assurance of his integrity; for he
appeared with a bashfulness so
like innocence, when in truth it
was a formed impudence to de-
ceive; and with a disorder so like
reverence, when he had the high-

est contempt of them, and he a
believed all he said, and dismiss-
ed him with all he asked for, and
had entire an opinion of his re-
signation of himself to them,
and his resolution of running
their fortune, that, in the mo-
delling their army under the earl
of Essex, they made him lieute-
nant-general of their horse, with
an esteen1 in their hearts of him
superior to any person but of the
general himself. lIe was in
truth a man very powerful to get
esteem, having a person very
winning and graceful in all his
motions; and bv a hurt in his
leg, which he Ì1ad nobly aud
en1Ïnentlv obtained in an assault
of a tow
in Holland, and which
produced a lameness not to be
concealed, he appeared the more
comely and pre\'ailing. lIe had
a civility which shed itself over
aU his c
untenance, and gather-
ed all the eyes and applications
in view; his courage was noto-
rious and confessed; his wit
equal to the best, and in the
most universal conceptions; and
his language and expression na-
tural, sharp, and flowing, adorn-
ed with a wonderful seeming
modesty, and with such a con-
stant and perpetual sprightful-
Hess and pleasantness of humour,
that no man had reason to be

shamed of being disposed to
love him, or indeed of being de-
ceived bv him. He had such a
dexterity. in his addresses, and
in recOl;eiling the greatest pre-

a nIHI h{'] So ;11 .1[s.

BOOK
V.

1642.

174

THE IIISTORY

"r e have remembered before, in the last year, the
discourse of the bringing up the army to London, to
awe the parliament, and the unspeakable dishonour
and damage the king sustained by that discourse, how
groundless soever it was; all which was in1puted to
colonel Goring, who, by that means, gre\v into great
reputation \vith the parlialnent, as a n1an so irreco-
verably lost at court, that he ,vould join \vith theln
in the n10st desperate designs; yet. he carried him-
self with so great dexterity, that, within fe\v n10nths,
he \vrought upon the king and queen to believe, that
he so nluch repented that fault, that he would re..

judice and aversion, that }1e pre-
vailed with the queen, within
less than forty-eight hours after
he was known to have betrayed
her, and ruined those who \,,:ere
most trusted by her, and who
were fled the kingdom for the
safety of their lives, to repose a
great trust in him again, and to
believe that he would serve the
king with great integrity. lIe pro-
n1ised then to keep Portsmouth in
the king's devotion; and that he
might the better do it, by chang-
ing or reforming the garrison,and
repairing the works, he recei\'ed a
good sum of money from the
queen. After the accusation of
the six members of parlian1ent,
which raised them so high, and
cast the king so low, he came to
the house, to wipe off some as-
persions which had been charged
upon him; and to make his de-
pendence to appear to be abso-
lutely and solely upon their fa-
vour, he declared how odious he
had made himself to the court,
which, he said, sought nothing
bill his ruin, and, he knew, had

a design to corrupt his garrison,
and to get the town out of his
hands; which that he might the
better prevent, he desired he
might inform them of the weak-
ness of it; and in a very short
time pre\tailed with them- to de-
liver him four thousand pound,
that he might be sure to retain
that place in their obedience:
and before he returned thither,
(from whence he was not absent
above a week,) he persuaded the
queen, in her greatest extremi-
ty, and want of moner, to fur-
nish him with five thousand
pounds, that he might prepare
a good proportion of ammuni-
tion and vict
al, and have men
listed in private, and ready to
come into the town, when be
should find it time to declare:
and with those two supplies, so
artfully drawn from very contra...
ry affections, and to very con-
trary ends, and which were
abundantly enough to have put
the place into a \'ery good con-
dition, he returned well pleased
to his garrison.

OF THE REBELLION. 175

deem it by any service; and to trust hin1 to tIlat
degree, that the queen once resolved, when the tu-
InuIts drove their 111ajesties first fronl London, for her
security, to put herself into Portsillouth, which was
under his government; whilst his nlajest.y betook
hiInself to the northern parts; which design ,vas no
sooner over, (if not before,) than- he again intilnated
so lunch of it to the lord Kilnbolton, S and that party,
that they took all the trust he had froln court, to
proceed frolll the confidence their l11ajesties had of
his father's interest in him; whose affection and zeal
to their service was ever 1110st indubitable: but as-
sured the111selves he was their own, even against his
o\vn father. So that he carried the matter so, tbat,
at the same tinIe, he received 3000l. from the queen,
(\vhich she raised by tIle sale of her plate and some
je\vels,) to fortify, and victual, and reinforce his gar-
rison, against the time it should be necessary to de-
clare for the king; and a good supply froin the par-
lial11
nt, for the payment of the garrison, that it
might be kept the better devoted to then1, and to
their service. All which he perforilled ,vith that
adlnirable dissimulation, and rare confidence, that,
when the house of C01111110nS was infornled by a meln...
bel', ,vhose zeal and affection to thenI was as much
valued as any man's, " that all his correspondence in
" the county \vas t ,vith the nlost lualignant persons;
" that of those, l11any frequently resorted to, and con-
" tinued \yith hin1 in the garrison; that he ,vas for-
" tifying, and raising of u batteries towards the land;
" and that in his discourse, x especially in the seasons

8 lord Kimbolton,J lord !\lan-
deville,
twas J were

U of] Not in l11S.
x discourse,] di
courses,

BOOK
V.

1642.

BOOK
v.

I fi42.

176

THE HISTORY

" of his good fellowship, he used to utter threats
" against the parliament, and sharp censures of their
" proceedings;" and upon such infornlations (the au-
thor ,vhereof ,vas \yell kno\vn to theIn, and of great
reputation; and lived so near Portsll1outh, that he
could not be nlistaken in the lllatter of fact) the house
sent for hi m, lnost thinking he would refuse to come;
colonel Goring came, upon the sumnlons, with that
undauntedness, that all clouds of distrust Îlnlllediate-
ly vanished, insornuch as no l11an presulned to ,vhis-
per the least jealousy of hin1; which he observing,
callIe} to the house of commons, of which he was a
n1ember; and, having sat a day or two patiently, as
if he expected SOine charge, in the end he stood up,
with a countenance full of modesty, and yet not "Tith-
out a nlixture of anger, (as he could help himself
,vith all the insinuations of doubt, or fear, or shame,
or silnplicity in his face, that might gain belief, to a
greater degree than I ever saw any man; and could
seem the most confounded \vhen he was best prepar-
ed, and the most out of countenance ,vhen he was
best resolved, and to 'v ant ,vords, and the habit of
speaking, "Then they flowed from no nlan \vith great-
er power,) and told them, " that he had been sent
" for by thein, upon sonle infornlation given against
" hÏ1n, and that, though he believed, the charge being
" so ridiculous, they might have received, by their
"own particular inquiry, satisfaction; yet the dis-
" courses that had been used, and his being sent for
" in that lllanner, had begot z some prejudice to him
" in his reputation; ,vhich if he could not preserve,
" he should be less able to do them service; and there.

rß.me] he came

7. begot] he
at

OF TI-IE ItEBELLION. 177

"fore desired, that he might have leave (though
" very unskilful, and unfit to speak, in so wise and
" judicious an assembly) to present to theJIl the state
" and condition of that place under his command;
" and then he doubted not but to give them fun sa-
" tisfaction in those particulars, which possibly had
" made some hnpression in them to his disadvantage:
" that he was far fr0l11 taking it ill from those, 'v ho
" had given any information against l1Ím; for, ,vhat
"he had done, and must do, might give some UlTI-
" brage to well affected persons, ,vho knew not the
" grounds and reasons, that induced hin1 so to do;
" but that if any such person would, at any time, re-
" sort to hiln, he would clearly inform then1 of what-
" ever motives he had; and would be glad of their
" advice and assistance for the better doing thereof."
Then he took notice of every particular that had
been publicly said against him, or privately w hisper-
ed, and gave such plausible answers to the whole,
intermingling sharp taunts, and scorns, to what had
been said of him, ,vith pretty application of himself,
and flattery to the lllen that spake it: concluding,
" that they well knew in ,vhat esteem he stood ,vith
" others: so that if, by his ill carriage, he should for-
" feit the good opinion of that house, upon which he
" only depended, and to ,vhose service he entirely
" devoted himself, he were madder than his friends
"took him to be, and must be as unpitied in any
" 111isery, that could befall hhn, as his enemies would
" he glad to see him." 'Vith ,vhich, as innocently
and unaffectedly uttered, as can be Ï111agined, 1\ he

a a
can he imagined,] Origi- known ;tny thing,
lIf111y ill IJIS. a
I han
evrr

\T () L. 1 I I.

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

1642.

178

TIlE HISrl'ORY

got so general an applause fron1 the 'v hole house,
that, not ,vithout SOUle little apology for troubling
hÍ1n, " they desired him again to repair to his go-
" vernment, and to finish those ,vorks, which were
" necessary for the safety of the place;" and gratified
hÍ1n with consenting to all the propositions he made
in behalf of his garrison, and paid hilll a good sum
of money for their arrears; with which, and being
privately assured (which was indeed resolved on)
IÞ
that he should be lieutenant-general of their horse in
their ne,v army, when it should be fornled, he de-
parted again to Portslnouth; in the mean time as-
suring his majesty, by those who were trusted be-
tween them, "that he \vould be speedily in a posture
" to lllake any such declaration for his service, as
"he should be required;" which he was forced to
do sooner than he was provided for it b, though not
sooner than he }lad reason to expect. C
When the levies for the parlianlent army were in
good forwardness, and that d lord had received his
cOlnmission for lieutenant-general of the horse, he
wrote to the lord Kimbolton, e who was his most bo-
som friend, and a lllan very powerful, desiring, f
" that he might not be called to give his attendance
" upon the army, till it was ready to march; because
" there were so many things to be done, and perfect-
" ed, for the safety of that important place, that he
" was desirous to be present himself at the work as
" long as was possible. In the mean time, he had given
" directions to his agent in London, to prepare all

b it] Not in MS.
c to expect.] A very conside-
rable portion from MS. C., not
inserted in this [lince, will be
found in the Appendi:r, D.

d that] a
e lord Kimbolton,J lord l\:ian-
deville,
f desiring,] Not in AIS.

OF THE REBELLION. 179

" things for his equipage; so that he would be ready
" to appear, at any rendezvous, upon a day's warn-
"ing." Though the earl of Essex did much desire
his company and assistance in the council of war,
and preparing the articles, and forming the discipline
for the army, he having been more lately versed in
the order and rule of Inarches, and the provisions
necessary or convenient thereunto, than any man
then in their service, and of greater comlnand than
any man but the general; yet the lord Kimbolton g
prevailed, that he might not be sent for, till things
were riper for action. And, ,vhen that lord did af-
terwards write to him, "that it was time he should
" come away," he sent such new and reasonable ex-
cuses, that they were not unsatisfied ,,"ith his delay;
till he had multiplied those excuses so long, that
they begun to suspect; and they no sooner inclined
to suspicion, but they met ,víth abundant arguments
to cherish it. His behaviour and course of life was
very notorious to all the neighbours, nor ,vas he at
all reserved in his mirth, and public discourses, to
conceal his opinion of the parlialnent, and their pro-
ceedings. So that, at last, the lord Kimbolton h writ
plainly to him, "that he could no longer excuse his
"absence from the army, where he ,vas much
" wanted; and that, if he did not come to London
" by such a short day, as he named, he found his
" integrity would be doubted; and that many things
" were laid to his charge, of which he doubted not
" his innocence; and therefore conjured him, inlme-
" diately, to be at lVestminster; it being now to be
" no longer deferred, or put off." He ,vrit a joUy
g lord KimboltonJ lord 1\1an- h lord KimboltonJ lord l\fnn-
de\,ilIe deviUe
N2

BOOK
v.

1642.

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v.

J 642.

180

THE I-IISTORY

letter i to that lord, " that, the truth ".as, his coun-
"cil advised him, that the parliall1ent did lnany
" things ".hich ,vere illegal; and that he might in-
"cur luuch danger by obeying all their orders;
" that he had received the comnland of that garri-
" son from the king; and that he durst not he ab-
" sent froJTI it, without his leave:" and concluded
with SOlne good counsel to the lord.
This declaration of the governor k of a place,
which had the reputation of being the only place of
strength in England, and situated upon the sea, put
them into many apprehensions; and they lost no
tilue in endeavouring to reduce it I; but, upon the
first understanding his resolution, sir 'Villian1 'Valler
,vas sent, ,vith a good part of the a1'l11Y, so to block
it up, In that neither 111en nor n provision might he
able to get in; and S0111e ships were sent fron1 the'
fleet, to prevent any relief by sea: and these adver-
tisements caIne to the king, as soon as he returned
to York.
I t gave no sJnall reputation to his n1ajesty's af-
fairs, \vhen there was so gr
at a damp upon the spi-
rits of men, from the misadventures at Beverley,
that so notable a place as Portsmouth had declared
for him, in the very beginning of the war; and that
so good an officer as Goring ,vas returned to his
duty, and in the possession of the to,vn: and the
king, ,,
ho ,vas not surprised with the lnatter, kno,v-

i to be at 'Vestminster; it
being now to be no longer de-
ferred, or pu t off. IJ e writ a
jolly letter] to be at 'Vestmin-
ster. It being now no longer to
be deferred or put off, he writ a
.lolly letter

k of the governor] Omitted
in 1118.
1 it] Not in Jt-18.
m block it up,] blocJ... up the
place,
n nor] or

OF THE REBELLION. 181

ing ,veIl the resolution of the colonel, made 0 no
doubt, but that he was very well supplied \vith all
things, as he might well have heen, to have given
the rebels ,york for three or four months, at the
least. 'Vhereul'on, P he forth,vith published a de-
claration, that had been long ready, in which he re-
capitulated all the insolent and rebellious actions
the q t\VO houses had comnlitted against hin1: and
declared them "to be guilty; and forbid r all his
" subjects to yield any obedience to thelll:" and, at
the saIne time, published his proclalnation; by,vhich
he "required all lnen, \vho could bear arlns, to re-
" pair to him at Nottingham, by the t}venty-fifth of
"August follo\ving;' on ,vhich day he ,vould set
" up his royal standard there, which all good sub-
" jects ,vere obliged to attend." At s the san1e time,
he sent the marquis of Hertford to raise forces in
the west, or, at least, to restrain those parts (where
his interest and reputation was greater than any
man's) ,,,ithin the limits of their duty to the king,
and from being corrupted or perverted by the par-
liament; and \vith hinl ,vent the lord SeYlllour, his
brother; the lord Pa\vlet, Hopton, Sta,vel, Coven-
try, Berkeley, "Tindham, and some other gentle-
men, of the prilne quality, and interest in the ,vest-
ern parts; "rho t ,vere like to give as good examples
in their persons, and to be follo,ved by as many
men, as any such numher of gentlen1en in England
could be. And from this party, enlivened by the
po\ver and reputation of the marquis, the king \vas
in hopes, that Portsrl1outh ,vould be shortly relieved,

o made] and n1ade
p 'Vlwreupon,] IIowevcr,
(J the] which the

r forbid] forbad
5 At] And at
t who] and who
N3

BOOK
v.

16-12.

BOOK
v.

1642.

182

THE HISTOR\-

and made the head quarter to a good arnlY. 'Vhen U
all this ,vas done, he did all that was po
sible to be
done, without money, to hasten his levies of horse
and foot, and to prepare a light train of artillery,
that he nlight appear at N ottinghaln, at the day
when the standard was to be set up, with such a
body of men, as might be, at the least, a competent
guard to his person.
l\lany \vere then of opinion, "that it had been
" more for his majesty's benefit and st'rvice, if the
"standard had been appointed to be set up at
" York; and so that the king had stayed there,
" without moving further south, until he could have
" marched in the head of an arnlY, and not to de-
" pend upon gathering an arlny up in his Inarch.
" All the northern counties were, at present, most
" at his devotion; and so it would be most easy to
" raise men there: Newcastle was the only port in
"his obedience, and whither he had appointed his
" supplies of arms and alnmunition to be sent; of
" which he had so present need, that all his maga...
" zine, which was brought in the Providence, was
" already distributed to those few gentlemen, w'ho
"had received cOlnmissions, and were most like
" speedily to raise their regiments; and it ,vould be
" a very long, and nlight prove a very dangerous
" passage to get the supplies, which were daily ex-
"pected, to be brought with security froln N e\v-
" castle, when the king should be advanced so many
" days' journey beyond York." All which were very
inlportant considerations, and ought to have pre-
vailed; but the king's inclinations to be nearer

U 'Vhen] .And when

OF THE REBELLIO:N.

183

London, and the expectation he had of great effects
froln Portsmouth, and the west, disposed him to a
,villingness to prefer Nottinghaln; but tbat ,vhich
deternlined the point, was an apparent and ll1anifest
aversion in the Yorkshire gentlemen, whose affec-
tions ,vere least suspected, that his majesty should
continue, and renlain at York; which, they said,
the people apprehended, "would inevitably ll1ake
"that country the seat of the ,var:" unskilfully
imagining, that the war ,vould be no where, but
,vhere the king's arlny was; and therefore they fa-
cilitated all things, which might contribute to his
remove fron1 thence; undertook to provide convoys
for any arlns and alnmunition from Newcastle; to
hasten the levies in their o,vn country; and to bor-
row the x arms of SOlne of the trained bands; which
was the best expedient, that could be found out, to
arm the king's troops, and had its reverse in the
murmurs it produced, and in leaving the best af-
fected men, by being disarmed, at the mercy of
their enen1ies; who carefully kept their weapons,
that they lllight be ready to fight against the king.
This caused the resolution to be taken for N otting-
hal11, without enough weighing the objections, which,
upon the entrance into great actions, cannot be too
111uch deliberated, though, in the execution, they
were Y hest shut out. And it quickly appeared in
those very nlen, who prevailed most in that coun-
cil; for, when the time drew on, in \vhich his ma-
jesty was to depart, and leave the country, then
they ren1embered, " that the garrison of Hull would
" be left as a thorn in their sides, "rhere there ,vere
" well forn1cd and active troops, which 111ight march
x the] of the Y were] shall be
N4

BOOK
v.

] 642.

BOOK
V.

1642.

184

'l"I-IE HIS 1'OIt Y

" over the country ,vithout control, and COlne into
" York itself ,vithout resistance; that there ,vere
" 111any disaffected persons of quality and interest in
"the country, ,vho, as soon as the king should be
" gone, ,vould appear al110ngst their neighbours, and
" find a concurrence from then1 in their ,vorst de-
" signs; and that there ,vere SOl1le places, SOlne
" whole corporations, so notoriously disaffected,
" especially in 111atters relating to the church, that
" they ,vanted only conductors to carry thenl into
" rebellioIl."
These, and the like reflections, made too late im-
pressions upon theln; and now, too much, they
lllagnified this lnan's po,ver, ,vhOln before they con-
t
lnned; and doubted that man's affection, of \\;hich
they ,vere before secure; and made a thousand pro-
positions to the king this day, ,vhereof they rejected
the greatest part to-morro\v; and, as the day ap-
proached nearer for the king's departure, their ap-
prehensions and irresolutions increased. In the end,
they \vere united in t\VO requests to the king; that
" he ,vould C0l11111it the supren1e COl111nand of the
" country, ,vith reference to all l11ilitary affairs, to
" the earl of Cumberland; and qualify hin1, with an
" alnple C0l11l11ission, to that purpose." The other,
"that his majesty ,\Tould cOffilnand sir Thomas
"Glemha111 to re111ain \vith then1, to govern and
Øí' c0l1l111and such forces, as the earl of CUl1lberland
U should find necessary for their defence." And
this provision being Blade by the king, they obliged
theulselves to concur in Inaking any preparations,
and fornling any forces the earl should require.
His z nlajesty, as ",-illingly, gratified then1 in both
z IIis]
\nd his

OI?--TI-IE REBELLION.

1
5

their desires. The earl of Cun1berland was a man
of great honour and integrity, ,,-ho had all his
estate in that country, and had lived most amongst
thelTI, with very n1uch acceptation and affection
frolD the gentlemen, and the COlll1110n people: but
he was not, in any degree, active, or of a nlartial
temper; and rather a man nlore like not to have
any enen1ies, than to oblige any to be firll1ly and
resolutely his friends, or to pursue his interest: the
great fortune of the family was divided, and the
greater part of it carried a\vay by an heir felnale;
and his father had so wasted the relnainder, that
the earl could not live with that lustre, nor draw so
great a dependence upon hÍln, as his ancestors had
done. In a word, he was a man of honour, and 110-
pulaI' enough in peace, but not enùued ,vith those
parts ,vhich ,vere necessary for such a season. Sir
Thomas Glell1ham was a gentlelnan of a noble ex-
traction, and a fair fortune, though he had much
impaired it; he had spent lnany years, in armies,
beyond the seas; and he had been an officer of very
good esteenl in the king's armies, and of courage
and integrity unquestionable; hut he was not of so
stirring and active a nature, as to be able to infuse
fire enough into the phlegmatic constitutions of that
})eople, ,vho did rather ,vish to be spectators of the
war, than parties in it; and believed, if they did
not provoke the other party, they Inight all live
quietly together; until sir John Hotham, by his ex-
cursions and depredations out of Hull, and their se-
ditious neighbours, by their insurrections, awakened
them out of that pleasant drealn. And then the
greatest part of the gentry of that populous coun-
try, and very n1any of the COlnlnon l)eople, did be-

BOOK
v.

1642.

BOOK
v.

] 642.

]86

THE HISTOR Y

have themselves with signal fidelity and courage in
the king's service: of all which particulars, which
deserve "
ell to be remembered, and translnitted to
posterity, there will be occasion to nlake mention in
the follo,ving discourse.
r'" et I cannot leave York without the nlention of
one particular; \vhich, in truth, is a lively instance a
of the spirit and telnper of that time, and was a
sad presage of all the misfortunes which follo,ved.
There were very few gentlemen, or nlen of anJ'
quality, in that large county, who were actively or
factiously disaffected to his majesty; and of those
the lord Fairfax, and his son, sir Thon1as Fairfax,
were the chief; who were governed by t\\TO or three
of inferior quality, more conversant with the peo-
})le; who \vere as well known as they. All these
were in the county, at their houses, within few
miles of York; and the king resolved, at his going
away, to have taken thenl all prisoners, and to have
put theln in safe custody; by which, it was very
probable, those lllischiefs, that shortly after broke
out, nlight have been prevented. But the gentle-
Inen of the county, who were met together to con-
sult for their own security, hearing of this design,
besought his majesty" not to do it;" alleging," that
" he would, thereby, leave them in a \vorse condi..
." tion, by an act so ungracious and unpopular; and
" that the disaffected \vould be so far fronl being
",veakened, that their party would be increased
" thereby:" Inany really believing, that neither fa-
ther nor b son ,,,ere transported with over-vehenlent
inclinations to the parlialnent; but would willingly

8 a lively instance] so lively an instance

b nor] or

OF THE REBELLION.

187

sit still, without being active on either side; which,
no doubt, was a policy, that l11any of those, who
\vished "Tell, desired and intended to be safe by.
And so his majesty left York, taking ,vith him only
two or three of inferior rank, (whereof one Staple....
ton was one,) who were kno,,?n to have been very
active in stirring the people to sedition; and yet,
upon sonle specious pretences, sOIne very good men
\vere persuaded, within few days, to procure the Ii....
bertyand enlargement even of those fronl his ma-
jesty. So ticklish were those tilnes, and so ,vary
were all men to advise the king should do any
thing, which, upon the strictest inquisition, might
seem to swerve froln the strict rule of the law; be-
lieving, unreasonably, that the softest and gentlest
remedies might be most who]esolnely applied to
those rough and violent diseases. C

c violent diseases.) The His-
tory is thus continued in MS. C.
The king having left York, and
the day not yet come for the
setting up his standard, thought
not fit to stay at Nottingham,
but went farther southward, to
countenance the small force
the earl of Northampton had
drawn together at ,\1 arwick ;
and lodging at Stonely within
four miles of Coventry, he
thought it convenient to. pos-
sess himself of that city, which,
though encompassed with an
old wall, having no garrison
in it, he thought no hard mat-
ter to do; and ther
fore send-
ing overnight thither, that he
would dine there the next day,
be went in the morning t
-
wards it. Hut when he came
thither, he found the gates shut
against him, and the wall man-

ned wi th armed nlen; the
council of the city having re-
solved, upon consideration of
the declaration and votes of the
parliament, that his entrance
should be opposed: and when
some of his servants and at-
tendants (for he had only horse
with him) rode nearer the gate
and walls than they within
thought fit, they discharged
some iron cannon the V had
planted, and thereby kill
d two
or three horses, an'd hurt very
dangerously a gentleman or two
of. not
. 'Vhereupon the king,
bemg In no posture to force his
way, was compelled, with this
new indignity, to retire to his
last lodging, and the next day
towards Nottingham; the earl
of .Northampton being at the
same time forced to draw off
his cannon and small force

BOOK
v.

I 642.

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V.

I (j 12.

188

THE lIISTORY

The king caIne to N ottinghan1 t,vo or three day

before the day he had appointed to set up the

from 'Varwick, b) reason of a
party of three thonsand foot,
with two or three troops of
horse, from the parliament,
which were then marching that
way, and intended to pnt thenl-
seh'es into Coventry, being
commandeù by colonel Ballard,
(a soldier of good reputation
and great trust with the earl of
Essex,) who was assisted and
countenanced with 1\11'. I-Iamb-
den, his regiment being near a
third part of their number.
The king's horse, under the
command of commissary gene-
ral \Vihllot, were not then
above eight hundred, who were
to join ,vith those under the
earl of Northampton, upon
their retreat, and so to give
any
JDnOvance they found rea-
so
able to the el;emy, which
was thought to be r
a80nably
within their power; for though
the nmuber of their foot was
not considerable to that of the
enemy, yet the horse was Inore
than double, and the enemy's
march to be unavoidably ove
' a
fair campaign, unguard
d with
bedges or banks, so that their
horse being beaten, the foot
would easily have been dis-
persed. But, whether by mis-
take of orders and messages, or
the piques between the com-
manders, (for those under the
earl of Northampton were com-
nmnded by sir :Kic. Byron, who,
being the elder soldier, thought
it not agreeable to receive or-
ders from 1\11'. 'Vilmot, who
let took himself to have the
undoubted command,) those

parties never met; but the earl
of Northampton marching an-
other way, 1.\11'. 'Vilmot thought
not fit to engage those horse
under his command (being all
the force considerable the king
had yet raised) against so un-
equal a party of the enemy,
which, w]thout question, was the
ll10st prudent and justifiable
counsel, (all things considered:)
though there wanted not some
then, that imputed it to want
of ll1ettle, and looked upon it
as the loss of a great advan-
tage; and may be, by the want
of conrage that, in the infancy
of the war. was in most of the
parliament forces, if they had
been then stoutly charged by
those horse, they might have
been routed, which, without
doubt, would ha\'e exceedingly
exalted the king's troops, and
cast down and dejected the
hearts of the parliament; the
contrary whereof fell out: for
those forces n1arching over the
plain within half cannon-shot
of our hor
e, and making some
shot at them, went with incre-
dible triumph into Co\:entry,
where they were received with
equal acclamation; and
lr.
'Vilmot, without any other
loss, (than of capt. Legge, who
was unfortunately taken pri-
soner by riding amongst their
men, after the compassing a
hill, taking them for our own,)
fairly and soldierly retired to
Leicester, whither prince Ru-
pert came the same day, to
take his charge as general of
the horse, having, togt:;ther with

OF THE REBELLION.

189

standard; having taken Lincoln in his ,vay, and
drawn SOlne arl11S fron1 the trained bands of that
country ,vith hiu1 to N ottinghau1; frou1 whence,
the next day, he ,vent to take a view of his horse;
"\\r hereof there \vere several troops \vell arn1ed, and
under good officers, to the number of seven or eight
hundred rnen; \\Tith ,vhich, Leing informed, "that
" there \vere SOl1le regÍ111cnts of foot n1arching to-
" ,vards Coventry, by the earl of Essex's orders," he
made haste thither; ulaking little doubt, but that
he should be able to get thither before them, and so
to possess hin1self of that city; and he did get thi-
ther the day before they callIe; but found not only
the gates shut against hiln, but some of his servants
shot and ".ounded from the ,valls: nor could all his
lllessages and sunlffions prevail with the ll1ayor and
magistrates, before there ,vas any garrison there, to
suffer the king to enter into the city. So great an
interest and reputation the parlianlent had gotten

his brother prince l\Iaurice, and
some gent]emen and inferiur
officers, transported himself in
a States' man of war to New-
ca.st]e, from whence he made
all haste to York; and finding
his majesty departed thence,
came to him at Leicester, at the
same time when the horse haft
retreated thither; when the
king left him, and came him-
self to Nottingham, tbe day he
had appointed for the setting
up of his stanùarù. And a]beit
he found the appearance there
to be much less than he ex-
pected, and many were of opi-
nion that the setting up the

tandard should be respited for

some few days, tin his numbers
increased, his majesty, wisely
considering that it would beget
great insolence in the rebds,
and publish his weakness to all
the people, would not defer it
an hour, but, as soon as he
came to the town, went hinl-
self: attended by all the train
he could make, to the top of
the castle-hill of Nottingham,
(which is a place of a very emi-
nent and pleasant prospect,)
and there fixed his royal stand-
ard; when indeed ali the fout
which he had yet drawn to-
gether were not a sufficient
guard t.o have con"tantl y at-
tended the
tandard.

BOOK
V.

I G42.

190

THE HISTORY

BOO K over the affections of that d people, whose hearts
v. were alienated from any reverence to the govern-
1642. mente .
The king could not remedy the affront, but went
that night to Stonely, the house then of sir Thomas
lAee; ,,?here he was ,velJ received; and, the next
day, his body of horse, having a clear view, upon an
open campania, for five or six n1iles together, of the
enen1Y's e sll1all body of foot, which consisted not of
above twelve hundred men, with one troop of horse,
which marched with them over that plain, retired
before them, without giving then1 one charge; which
was in1puted to the ill conduct f of 'Vilmot, who
comn1anded; and had a colder courage than many
who were under him, and who were of opinion,
that they lnight have easily defeated that body of
foot: which would have been a very seasonable vic-
tory; would have put Coventry unquestionably into
the king's hands, and sent him with a good on1en to
the setting up of his standard. 'Vhereas, that un-
happy retreat, ,vhich looked like a defeat, and the
rebellious behaviour of Coventry, made his majesty's
return to N ottinghalTI very melancholy; whither he
returned g the very day the standard ,vas appointed
to be set up.
The king's According to the proclamation, upon the twenty-
::
:d;
fifth day of August, the standard ,vas erected, about
Notting- six of the clock in the evenin g of a ver y storn1 Y and
ham, Aug.
25, 1642. tempestuous day. The king hinlself, ,vith a SITIaU
train, rode to the top of the castle-hill, Varney the

d that] the
e enemy's] Omitted in MS.
( ill ('onduct] lashty

g whither he returned] and
he returneo thither

OF THE REBELLION.

191

knight-marshal, who was standard bearer, can'ying
the standard, ,vhich was then erected in that place,
with little other ceremony than the sound of drums
and trumpets: melancholy men observed many ill
presages about that time. There ,vas not one regi-
ment of foot yet brought thither; h so that the
trained bands, which the sheriff had drawn toge-
ther, were i all the strength the king had for his
person, and the guard of the standard. There ap-
peared no conflux of men in obedience to the pro-
clamation; the arms and ammunition were not yet
come from York, and a general sadness covered the
whole town. k The standard 1 was blown down,
the same night it had been set up, by a very strong
and unruly wind, and could not be fixed again
in a day or two, till the tempest ,vas allayed. m

h brought thither;] levied
and brought thither;
i were] ,vas
k whole town.] MS. adds:
And the king himself appeared
more melancholic than he used
to be,
1 standard] standard itself
rn allayed.] The History is
thus continued in the ftlS. And
within three or four davs the
news arrived that Ports
nouth
was given up; which almost
struck the king to the heart.
Goring, who had recei\'ed so
much nloney from the parlia-
ment, to mend the fortifica-
tions, and so much for a the
queen, to provide men and
victual and am munition, that
he might be able to defend
himself when he should be
forced to declare, which he ex-

pected to be n}uch sooner, and
could not expect to be sudden-
ly relieved, had neither mended
the fortifications, or provided
any thing for his defence, but
had spent aU the money ill
good-fellowship, or lost it at
play; the temptation of either
of which vices, he never could
resist. So that when he could
no longer defer giving the par-
liament a direct answer, he had
only the lord 'Ventworth and
l\lr. Thomas ,-,r eston, who came
to enjoy the delight of his com-
pany, which was very attrac-
tive, and for whom he had
promised to raise troops of
hOl"Se, and three or four coun-
try gentlemen, who repaired
thither upon the first news of
his declaring with so small a
nUll1ber of men, as wa
fitter

· for] So in JIS.

BOOK
V.

] 642.

192

THE If I STORY &c.

BO 0 K This n was the melancho]y state of the king's affairs,
v. 'v hen the standard ,vas set up.

1 G42.

for their equipage and retinue
than for the defence of the
place, and an addition of twenty
or thirty com mon men to his
garrison, which the kindness of
some friends had supplied with:
and in this state sir 'Vill. \Val-
ler found him and the place,
,,'hen he came before it, and
when he was deprived of all
communication bv land or sea..
lIe continued in the same jol-
litv from the time he was be-
si
ged, and suffered the enemy
to approach as he pleased,
"ithout disturbing him by any
brisk sally or soldierly action,
which all men expected from
him, who were best acquainted
with his other infirmities; and
after about. the end of three
weeks, he delivered the town,
upon no other conditions than
the liberty for all who had a
mind to go away, and his own
transportation into Holland.
'''hen he recovered, and re-
stored hilnself to the king and
ql1een's favour and trust, after
his foul tergiversation, he had
great thoughts in his heat of
power and authority; for his
ambition was always the first
deity he sacrificed to; and it
was proposed by him, and con-
setIted to, that when the king
should find it necessary to put
himself into the field, (which
was thought would be fit for

him to do much sooner,) the
queen should retire to Ports-
mouth: and that was the rea-
son ,vhy the queen was so so-
licitous that it might be put
into a good condition; and by
this means he should be sure
ne,-er to be reùuced into any
straits without a powerful re-
lief, and should always have
it in his power to make good
conditions for himself, in aU
events. But when the parlia-
ment's power was so much in-
creased, and the king's abated,
that the queen resolved to trans-
port herself beyond the seas,
the edge of his zeal was taken
off, and he thought Portsmouth
too low a sphere for hinl to
nlove in; and the keeping a
town (which must follow th

fate of the kingdom) was not a
fit portion for him; and so he
cared not to lose what he did
not care to keep. And it were
to be wished that there might
be no more occasion to men-
tion him after this repeated
treachery, and that his incom-
parable dexterity and sagacity
had not prevailed so far over
those whom he had so often
deceived, as to make it abso-
lutely necessary to speak at
large of him, more than once,
before this discourse comes to
an end.
11 This] And this

TJ-IE END OF THE FII;'TH ]300K..

THE

HISTORY

OF THE

REBELLION, &c.

BOOK VI.

a ISA. xviii. 2.
Go, yc swift messCllÆ"ers, to a nation scattered and peeled,
to a people terrible from their bf'g;inning" hitherto; a na-
tion meted out and trodden do'liJn, whose land the rivers
have spoiled.

{SA. xix. 13, 14.
The princes W Zoan are becornc flo18.
Tlte Lord hath mingled a pm-verse spi'rit 'in the midst
theregf. a

.

WHEN the king set up his standard at Notting- BOOK
ham, which was on the 25th of August, as is before VI.
remen1bered, he found the place much emptier than 1642.
. The king's
he thought the fame of hIS standard ,vould have suf- condition
fered it to be; and received intelligence the next
:l
otting.
day, that the rebels' arnlY, for such no\v he had de-
clared then1, was horse, foot, and cannon, at North-

A I
A. xviii. 2. Go,-thereqf.] Not ill 1JIS.
,rOLe III. 0

194

"HE RISTOR\"-

1642.

amp ton ; besides that party b \vllich, in the end of
the fifth C book, we left at Coventry: whereas his
fe,v cannon and aUlmunition \vere still at iT ork, be-
ing neither yet in an equipage to 111arch, though sir
John Heydon, his lllajesty's faithful Jieutenant d of
the ordnance, used all possible diligence to for111 and
prepare it; neither "rere there foot enough levied
to guard it: and at Nottingham, besides SOlne felv of
the trained bands, which sir John Digby, the active
sheriff of that county, dre,v into the old ruinous castle
there, there \vere not of foot levied for the service
yet three hundred Il1en. So that they who ,vere not
overmuch given to fear, finding very many places in
that great river, ,vhich ,vas looked upon as the only
strength and security of the to,vn, to be easily ford-
able, and nothing towards an army for defence but
the standard set up, begun e sadly to apprehend the
danger of the king's o,vn person. Insomuch that
sir Jacob Ashley, his sergeant-major-general of his
intended arn1Y, told hin1, "that he could not give
" any assurance against his majesty's being taken
" out of his bed, if the rebels should n1ake a brisk
" atteInpt to that purpose." And it was evident, all
the strength he had to depend upon was his horse,
\vhich ,vere under the con1mand of prince Rupert at
Leicester, and were not at that till1e in nU111ber
above eight hundred, fe,v better arll1ed than with
swords; whilst the eneulY had, ,vithin less than
twenty miles of that place, double the nunlber of
horse excellently armed and appointed, and a body
of five thousand foot well trained and disciplined;

BOOK
VI.

b party] great party
C fifth] fourth

d lieutenant] lieutenant general
e begun] began

OF THE REBELLIO
. 195

so that, no doubt, if they had advanced, they Inight BOO K
at least have dispersed those fe,v troops of the VI.
king's, and driven his majesty to a greater distance, ] 6-12.
and exposed hitn to notable hazards and inconve-
. .
nIenCIes.
'Vhen ll1en were almost confounded with this pro- Ports-
.. · d .. h P mouth be-
spect, hIS lllaJesty receIve IntellIgence, t at OrtS-sieged by .
h . 1 b . d 1 d 1 d th the parlia-
n10ut ,vas so straIt y eSH
ge )y sea an an, at ment's
it ,vould be reduced in very few days, except it were forces.
relieved. For the truth is, colonel Goring, though
he had sufficient ,yarning, and sufficient supplies of
money to put that place into a posture, had relied
too Inuch upon probable and casual assistance, and
neglected to do that himself, ,vhich f a vigilant officer
would have done: and albeit his chief dependence
was both for Bloney and provisions froln the Isle of
'Vight, yet he was careless to secure those small
castles and block-houses, that guarded the passage;g
,vhich revolting to the parlialnent as soon as he de-
clared for the king, cut off all those dependences;h
so that he had neither Inen enough to do ordinary
duty, nor provisions enough for those fe,v, for any
considerable tÏIne. And at the same tilne ,vith this
news i of Portsmouth, arrived certain advertisements,
that the marquis of Hertford, and all his forces in
tIle west, from ,vhom only the king hoped that
Portsmouth should be relieved, was driven out of
Somersetshire, ,vhere his power and interest was be-
lieved unquestionable, into Dorsetshire; and there
besieged in Sherborne castle.

f wbich] Not in MS. h dependences;] unreason..

that guarded the passage;] able dependences;
wInch guarded the rÏ\,"er; i news] Not in AIS.
o 2

BOOK
VI.

I 642.

The mar-
quis of
H ea-t forrl's
actions in
Somerset-
shire, &c.

196

TIlE lIIS1.'ORY

The 111arquis, after he left the king at Beverley,
by ordinary journeys, and ,vithout making any long
stay by the ,yay, caIne to Bath, upon the very edge
of SOlnersetshire, at the tiIne 'v hen the genera] as-
sizes ,vere there held; ,vhere Ineeting all the con-
siderable gentleI11en of that great county, and finding
theI11 ,veIl affected to the king's service, except very
few ,vho ,vere sufficiently kno,vn, he entered into
consultation \\Tith theI11 fron1 ,vhom he ,vas to expect
assi
tance, in ,,,hat place he should 1110st conveni-
ently fix hÍIllself for the better disposing the affec-
tions of the people, and to raise a strength for the
resistance of any atteI11pt ,vhich the parliament
might n1ake, either against theIn, or to disturb the
peace of the country by their ordinance of the n1i-
litia, \\
hich ,vas the first po,ver they \vere like to
hear of. SOD1e ,vere of opinion, "that Bristol \vould
" be the fittest place, being a great, rich, and popu-
"lous city; of ,\rhich being once possessed, they
" should be easily able to give the la,,, to Somerbet
"and Gloucestershire; and could not receive any
" affront by a sudden or tun1ultuary insurrection of
" the people." And if this advice had been follo,ved,
it ,vollld probably have proved very prosperous. But,
on the contrary, it \\Tas objected, "that it ,vas not
" evident, that his lordship's reception into the city
" ,vould bt-' such as ,vas expected; 1\11'. Hollis being
" lieutenant thereof, and having exercised the mili-
"tia there; and there being visibly many disaf-
" fected people in it, and some of eminent quality;
" and if he should atteInpt to go thither, and be dis-
" appointed, it would break the whole design: then
"that it ,vas out of the county of Son1crset, and

OF THE REBELLIO:N. 197

" therefore that they could not legalIyk draw that
"people thither; besides, that it \vould look like
"fear and suspicion of their own po\ver, to put
" then1selves into a \valled town, as if they f(}ared
" the power of the other party \vould be able to op-
" press thenl. 'Vhereas, except l Popham and Hor-
" ner, all the gentlenlen of eminent quality and for-
" tune of S(unersetshire m \vere ei ther present \vith
" the marquis, or presumed not to be inclined to the
"parlianlent." And therefore they proposed "that
" \V. ells, being a pleasant city, in the heart and near
" the centre of that county, nlÏght be chosen for
" his lordship's residence." 'Vhich was accordingly
agreed on, and thither the marquis and his train
went, sending for the nearest trained bands to ap-
pear before hin1; and presunling that in little tinle,
by the industry of the gentlen1en present, and his
lordship's reputation, which was very great, the af-
fections of the people ,vould be so Jlluch wrought
upon, and their understandings so \vell infornled,
that it \\Tould not be in the po\ver of the parliament
to pervert them, or to Inake ill inlpressions on n theln
to\\Tards his Inajesty's service.
'Vhilst his lordship in this gentle way endea-
voured to conlpose the fears and apprehensions of
the people, and by doing all things in a peaceable
\vay, and according to the rules of the kno\vn la\vs,
to convince all men of the justice and integrity of
his nlajesty's proceedings and royal intentions; the
other party, according to their usual confidence and
activity, \vrought underhand to persuade the people

k lcgally] Not in JUS.
I eJo.ccpt] besid
s

m Somersetshire] Somerset
11 on] ill

03

BOOK
YI.

] 642.

198

rI-IE HIsrrORY

1642.

that the marquis "Tas come down to put the comnlis-
sion of array in execution, by ,vhich comlnission a
great part of the estate of every farIner or substan-
tial yeoman should be taken from them; alleging,
that some lords had said, "that t\venty pounds by
" the year ,vas enough for every peasant to live
" on;P and so, taking advantage of the cOInmis-
sion's being in Latin, translated it into ,vhat English
they pleased; persuading the substantial yeolnen
and freeholders, that at least two parts of their
estates would, by that cOlnmission, be taken from
them; and the Ineaner and poorer sort of people,
that they ,vere to pay a tax for one day's labour in
the "reek to the king; and that all shoul
be, upon
the matter, no better than slaves to the lord
, and
that there ,vas no ,vay to free and preserve theln-
selves froln this insupportable tyranny, butq by ad-
hering to the parliament, and sublnitting to the or-
dinance for the militia; which ,vas purposely pre-
pared to enable them to resist these horrid invasions
of their liberties.
I t cannot easily be r believed, how these gross infu-
sions generally prevailed. For though the gentle-
lllen of ancient fan1ilies and estates in that county
were, for the ll10St part, ,veIl affected to the king,
and easily discerned by \vhat faction the parlialnent
,vas governed; yet there were a people of an inferior
degree, ,vho, by good husbandry, clothing, and other
thriving arts, had gotten very great fortunes; and,
by degrees, getting themselves into the gentlemen's
estates, ,vere angry that they found not thelnseives

BOOK
VI.

P every peasant to live on ;]
any peasant to IÏ\'e by;
q but] than

r It cannot easily be] It is
not easily

OF TI-IE REBELLION. 199

in the same esteem and reputation with those ,vhose
estates they had; and therefore, with nlore industry
than the other, studied all ways to make thernselves
considerable. These, fronl the beginning, were fast
friends to the parlianlent; and many of theln ,vere
now intrusted by them as deputy lieutenants in their
new ordinance of the militia, and having found
when the people were ripe, gathered them together,
with a purpose on a sudden, before there should be
any suspicion, to surround and surprise the Inarquis
at \Vells. For they had al,vays this advantage of
the king's party and his counsels, that their resolu-
tions were no sooner published, than they were
ready to be executed, there being an absolute Ï1n-
plicit obedience in the inferior sort to those who
were to command them; and their private agents,
with adn1Ïrable industry and secrecy, preparing all
persons and things ready against a call. \Vhereas
all the king
s counsels ,vere with great formality de-
liberated, before concluded: and then, ,vith equal
formality, and precise caution of the la,v, executed;
there being no other ,yay to weigh down the pre-
judice that ,,-as contracted against the court, but by
the Inost barefaced publishing all conclusions, and
fitting them to that apparent justice and reason,
that lnight prevail over the 1110st ordinary under-
standings.
'Vhen the marquis ,vas thus in the n1idst of an
enemy that ahnost covered the ,vhole kingdon1, his
whole strength was a troop of horse, }'aised by Mr.
John Digby, son to the earl of Bristol, and another
by sir Francis Ha,,-ley, (both which were levied in
those parts to attend the king in the north,) and a
troop of horse, and a S1l1all troop of dragoons, raised
04

BOOK
VI.

1642.

oo

'THE HISTOltY

1642.

and armed by sir Ralph IIopton at his own cl1arge ;
and about one hundred foot gathered up by lieu-
tenant-colonel IIenry Lunsford towards a regin1ent,
,vhich were likewise to have lllarched to the king.
These, with the lord Pa\vlet, and the gentlenlen
of the country, \vhich were about eight and twenty
of the prinle quality there, with their servants and
retinue, made up the marquis's force. Then their
proceedings were \vith that exceeding S caution, that
upon advertiseluent that the active n1Ïnisters of the
contrary party t had appointed a generalllleeting at
a to\vn \vithin few llliles of 'V ells, sir Ralph IIopton
being ad vised with his Slllall troop and some volun-
teer gentlemen to repair thither, and to disappoint
that convention, and to take care that it nlight pro-
duce the least prejudice to the king's service; before
he reached the place, those gentlelnen \yho stayed
behind (and by whose advice the lllarquis thought it
necessary absolutely to govern hi III self, that they
nlight see all possible wariness was used in the en-
trance into a war, \V hich being once entered into,
he well knew must be carried on another \vay) sent
him ,vord, "that he should forbear any hostile act,
"other\vise they ,,'ould disclaiIn whatsoever he
" should do." 'Vhereas u the courage and resolution
of those few were such, and the co\vardice of the
undisciplined seditious rabble and their leaders was
so enlinent, that it ,vas very prohable, if those fe\v
troops had been as actively employed as their conl-
luanders desired, they nlight have been able to have
driven the bigots out of the country, before they had

BOOK
VI.

l'I exceeding] rare \I "Th
rcas] Otherwise
t the contrary party] that party

OF THE REI3ELLION.

201

fully possessed the rest with their own rancour: BOO K
which may be reasonably presumed by what followed VI.
shortly after, 'v hen Mr. Digby, sir John Stawel and 1642.
bis sons, with some volunteer gentlemen, being in
the whole not above fourscore horse, and fourteen
dragoons, charged a greater body of horse, and above
six hundred foot of the rebels, led by a melnber
of the house of COlnrnons; and without the loss of
one Ulan, killed seven in the place, hurt very lnany,
took their chief officers, and as many more prisoners
as they would; and so routed the whole body, that
six n1en kept not together, they having all thrown
down their arms.
But this good fortune abated only the courage of
those ,vho had run away, the other lllaking use of
this overthro,v as an argument of the nlarq uis's
bloody purposes; and therefore, in few days, sir
John Horner and Alexander Popham, being the
principallnen of quality of that party in that county,
with the assistance of their friends of Dorset, and
Devon, and the city of Bristol, drew together a body
of above twelve thousand nlen, horse and foot, ,vith
some pieces of cannon, ,vith which they appeared on
the top of the hill over \Vells; where the Inarquis,
in contelnpt of them, stayed two' days, having only
barricadoed the to'\Tn; but then, finding that the
fe\v trained bands, which attended him there, were
run away, either to their own houses, or to their
fello,vs, on the top of the hill; and hearing that
1110re forces, or at least better officers, were coming
fronl the parliament against hitn, he retired in the
noon day, and in the face of that rebellious herd,
from "1 ells to Somerton, and so to Sherhorne, \vith- lIt' retires
out any loss or trouble. Thither, ,vithin two days,

l
:

r-

Q()Q

THE HISTORY

nOOK canle to his lordship sir John Berkley, colonel Ash-
VI. burnham, and SOl1le X other good officers, enough to
1642. have formed a considerable arlny, if there had been
no other ,vant. But they had not been long there,
(and it \vas not eas)" to resolve ,vhither else to go,
they having no reason to believe they should be any
,,,here luore ,,,elcolne than in Somersetshire, from
'I'he ead of \vhence they had been now driven,) \vhen the earl of

rd Bedford, general of the horse to the parliament, "Tith

TI
)i:1St 1\11\ Hollis, sir 'Valter Earl, and other ephori, and a
complete body of seven thousand foot at least, or-
dered by Charles Essex, their sergeant-major-general,
a soldier of good experience and reputation in the
Lo\v Countries, and eight full troops of horse, under
the command of captain Pretty, ,vith four pieces of
cannon, in a very splendid equipage, came to "r ells,
and fronl thence to Sherborne. The marquis, by this
tinle having increased his foot to four hundred, ,vith
which that great arn1Y ,vas kept fronl entering that
to"
n,Y and persuaded to enca111p in the field about
three quarters of a mile north from the castle;
\vhere, for the present, we 111Ust leave the marquis
and his great-spirited little army. Z

x some] Not ill IJlS.
}' town,] great town,
z little army.] In JUS. C. the
llistory is thus continued, and
connected with page 204, l. J 7.
"Then this news uf Portsmouth
and Sherborne carne to the king
at Nottingham, the next day
after the setting up his stand-
anI, it will easily be believed
that the spirits there were not
a little dejected: and indeed
they who had least fear, could
not hut reasonably think the
king's condition very desperate;

so that some of those of nearest
trust and confidence about him,
proposed to him, as the only
e
pedient, to seud a graciolls
message to the two houses,
to ofter a treaty for peace.
IIis majesty received this ad-
"ice very unwillingly, conclud-
ing that he should thereby Ï1n-
pro\'e the pride anù insolence
of his enemies, who would im-
pute it to the despair of raising
any force to resist them, and
would demean themselves ac-
cordingly, and would to the

OF THE REBELLION.

203

It could never be understood, \vhy that army did BOO K
not then march directly to N ottinghau1; which if it VI.
had done, his n1ajesty's few forces must in1n1ediately 1642.
have been scattered, and himself fled, or put hilnself
into their hands, which there ,vere enough ready to
have advised hinl to do; and. if he had escaped, he
might have been pursued by one regiment of horse
till he had quitted a the kingdom. But it pleased
God, that b they made not the least advance towards
Nottingham. They about the king C began now to
wish that he had stayed at York, and proposed his
return thither; but that was not hearkened to; and
they who advised d his stay there, and against the
advance to Nottingham, were more against his re-
turn thither, as an absolute flight; but urged e the
advance of the levies, and a little patience, till it
might be discerned what the enell1Y did intend to
do. In this great anxiety, sonle of the lords de-
sired, "that his majesty would send a message to the The king
I . . h · I . h consults at
" par lament, ",Vlt some overture to Inc iDe t em to Notting-
, " h . h . . d ham of
, a treaty; ,v IC proposItIon ,vas no sooner ma e, sendinO' a
o
but most concurred in it and no one had the confi- messöge for
, peace.
dence to oppose it. The king himself ,vas so of-
fended at it, that he declared, "he ,vould never
"yield to it;" and broke up the council, that it
nlight be no longer urged. But the next day, when

same degree dishearten and dis-
countenance those who had ap-
peared, and upon the setting up
his standard were now ready to
appear in any act of loyalty on
his behalf, who would be all sa-
crificed to the revenge and fury
of the others. On the other side
it was objected, that his majesty

was not able to make resist-
ance; as in p. 204, l. ] 7.
a quitted] quit
b But it pleased God, that]
But God blinded his enemies, so
that
c about the king] Not in DIS.
d advised] had advised
e urged] wished

BOOK
VI.

1642.

204

TIlE HISTORY

they met again, they rene\ved the salue advice with
more earnestness. 'rhe earl of Southalupton, a per-
son of great prudence, and off a reputation at least
equal to any man's, pressed it, "as a thing that
" lnight do good, and could do no harn1:" and the
king's reasons, \vith reference to the insolence it
,vould raise in the rebels, and the dishonour that
,,-ould thereby l
eflect upon hinlsclf, ,,'ere answered,
by saying "their insolence would be for the king's
" advantage; and ",.hen they should reject the offer
" of peace, \vhich they believed they would do, they
" ".ould Inake thelnselves the l1l0re odious to the
" people, who \vould be thereby the l110re inc1ined tG
" serve the king." So that they took it as granted,
that the proposition \vould be rejected, and there-
fore it ought to he Inade. g It "ras farther said, h
" that his 111ajesty was not able to luake resistance;
" that the forces before Sherborne, POl'tsluouth, and
" at Northa1upton, \vere three several arn1ies, the
" least of \vhich \vould drive his l1lajesty out of his
" dominions; that it ,vas only in his po\ver to choose,
" \,-hether, by luaking a fair offer himself, he "\\Tould
" seeln to nlake peace, \vhich could not but render
" hinl very gracious to the people, or suffer hin1self
" to be taken prisoner, (\vhich he \vouid not long be
"able to avoid,) 'v hich ,vould give his encl11ies
" po\ver, reputation, and authority to proceed against
" his majesty, and, it luight be, his posterity, accord-
" ing to their o\vn engaged lualice."

f of] },.Tot in JI's.
g ollght to be made.] The
continuation oj this account of
the Icing's sending a messaf{e
for pt:uce, accordillg to J18. 13.

u..ill be found in the Appendix,
F.
11 It was farther said,] It was
objected,

OF T.I-IE REBELLION.

205

- Yet this Inotive Inade no impression in hiIll. "For, BOO K
VI.
" he said, no misfortune, or ill success that n1ight
" attend his endeavour of defending hin1self, could 1642.
" expose hin1 to nlore inconveniences than a treaty
" at this time desired by hÏln, \vhere he must be un-
" derstood to be willing to yield to whatsoever they
" would require of hÎ1n: and ho\v modest they were
" like to be, n1Ïght be judged by their nineteen pro-
" positions, \vhich \vere tendered, \vhen their power
"could not be reasonably understood to be like so
" ll1uch to exceed his majesty's, as at this time it
" \vas evident it did; and that, having now nothing
" to lose but his honour, he could he only excusable
" to the \\rorld, by using his industry to the ]ast to
" oppose the torrent, i ". hich if it prevailed would
"overwhelm him." 'fhis composed courage and
Inagnanimity of his nlajesty seemed too philosophi-
cal, and abstracted fronl the policy of self-preserva-
tion, to which n10st others k were passion
tely ad-
dicted: and that \v hich \vas the king's greatest dis-
advantage, ho,v many soever were of his lllind, (as
some few, and but few, there were,) no man durst
puLliclyavow that he was so; a treaty for peace be-
ing so popular a thing, that whosoever opposed it
would be sure to be, by general consent, a declared
enemy to his country.
'rhat which prevailed with his majesty very rea-
sonably then to yield 1 (and indeed it proved equaJIy
advantageous to hinl afterwards) was, " that it ,vas
"1110st probable" (and his whole fortune was to be

; the torrent,] that torrent,
k 1I10St others] men

I to yield] Not in f}IS.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

06

THE HIS1.'OR\

sublnitted at best to probabilities) " that, out of their
"pride, and contelnpt of the king's \veakness and
",vant of po,ver, the parlialnent ,vould refuse to
" treat; ,vhich \vould be so unpopular a thing, that
" as his majesty would highly oblige his people by
" making the offer, so they ,vould lose the hearts of
" them by rejecting it; which alone ,vould raise an
" army for his Inajesty. That if they should enl-
" brace it, the king could not but be a gainer; for
"by the propositions which they should Inake to
"hin1, he would be able to state the quarrel so
" clearly, that it should be more demonstrable to
" the kingdom, than yet it was, that the war was,
"on his majesty's part, purely defensive; since he
" never had, and now ,vould not deny any thing,
" ,vhich they could in reason or justice ask: that
" this very overture ,vould necessarily produce SOl1le
" pause, and delay in their preparations, or motions
" of their arlnies; for SOine debate it must needs
" have; and during that time, nlen's ll1inds ,vould
"be in suspense; ,vhereas his Inajesty should be so
" far from slackening his preparations, that he might
" be more vigorous in them, by hastening those le-
" vies, for which his commissions 'v ere out." For
these reasons, and almost the concun'ent desire and
importunity of his council, the king was prevailed
with to send the earls of Southanlpton and Dorset,
sir John Colepepper, chancellor of his exchequer,
and sir 'Villiam Udall, (wholn his majesty gave leave
under that pretence to intend the business of his
own fortune,) to the t\VO houses ,vith this 11leSsage,
which was sent the third day after his standard was
set up.

OF THE REnEI.LIO
.

7

" 'Ve have,ll1 with unspeakable grief of heart, long BOOK
" beheld the distractions of this our kingdol11. Our VI.
" very soul is full of anguish, until we may find SOine 1642.
h . · h . h d The king
" remedy to l)revent t e mIserIes W IC are rea y to sends to the
. h I . b · . 1 A d two houses
" over\vheln1 thIS woe natIon y a CIVI war. n a message
"thou g h all our endeavours, tending to the COln- J [; . or t P f eace I
)Y Je ear
"posing of those unhappy differences bet\vixt us of South-
:unptoll>
" and our t,vo houses of parlian1ent, (though pursued &c.
" by us with all zeal and sincerity,) have heen hi-
" therto \vithout that success ,ve hoped for; yet such
" is our constant and earnest care to preserve the
" public peace, that we shall not be discouraged froin
" using any expedient, which, by the blessing of the
" God of Inercy, may lay a fÌrlll foundation of peace
" and happiness to all our good subjects. To this
" end, observing that many l11istakes have arisen by
" the n1essages, petitions, and answers, bet\vixt us
" and our two houses of parliament, which happily
" n1ay be prevented by SOlne other ,vay of treaty,
"wherein the lnatters in difference luay be more
"clearly understood, and lllore freely transacted;
" we have thought fit to propound to you, that SOlne
"fit persons n1ay be by you enabled to treat ,vith
" the like nUlnber to be authorized by us, in such a
" manner, and with such freedom of debate, as may
" best tend t.o that happy concl usion which all good
" filen desire, the peace of the kingdom. "Therein,
" as we promise. in the ,vord of a king, all safety
" and encouragelnent to such as shall be sent unto
" us, if you shall choose the place where we are, for
" the treaty, which we wholly leave to you, presum-
" ing the like care of the safety of those \ve shall

In TMs t11e.
.me.e i.ç in the handwriting '!f lord Clarendon's serrplary.

208

THE I-IISTORY

B () 0 K "elnploy, if you shall natTIe another place; so we
VI.
" assure you, and all our good subjects, that, to the
164 'l. "best of our understanding, nothing shall be there-
" in \vanting on our part, \vhich lllay advance the
" true protestant religion, oppose popery and super-
"stition, secure the la\v of the land, (upon \\rhich
"is built as ,veIl our just prerogatÍ\Te, as the pro-
" priety and liberty of the subject,) confirlll all just
" power and privileges of parlialnent, and render us
" and our people truly happy by a good understand-
" ing betwixt us and our two houses of parlialnent.
"Bring \vith you as firlll resolutions to do your
" duty; and let all our good people join with us in
" our prayers to Alnlighty God, for his hlessing upon
" this \vork. If this proposition shall be rejected by
" you, we have done our duty so anlply, that God
" \vill absolve us fron1 the guilt of any of that blood
" \vhich must be spilt; and what opinion soever
" other men 111ay have of our power, we assure you
"nothing but our Christian and pious care to pre-
" vent the effusion of blood hath begot this 11lotion ;
" our provision of nlen, arlllS, and llloney, being such
"as may secure us froul farther violence, till it
" pleases God n to open the eyes of our people."
Ho,
it was This message had the same reception his majesty
recelyed by b I . d . ld h d . d d . d
them. e leVe It "TOU ave; an ,vas In ee receIve
with unheard of insolence and contenlpt. For the
earl of Southaulpton, and sir John Colepepper, de-
siring to appear thelnselves before any notice should
arrive of their coming, made such haste, that they
""ere at \Vestnlinster in the morning shortly after
the hO
lses met. The earl of Southampton went

n pleases God] please God.

OF THE REBELLION.

09

into the house of peers, \vhere he was scarce sat
down in his place, when, with great passion, he was
called upon to ,vithdraw; albeit he told them he had
a message to theln froln the king, and there could
. be no exception to his lordship's sitting in the house
upon their own grounds; he having had leave frol11
the house to attend his majesty. However he ,vas
cOlnpelled to withdraw; and then they sent the gen-
tleman usher of the house to him, to require his lnes-
sage; which, his lordship said, he was by the king's
command to deliver himself, and refused therefore
to send it, except the lords 11lade an order, that he
should not deliver it himself 0; \vhich they did; and
thereupon he sent it to them; which they no sooner
received, than they sent hitn word, " that he should,
" at his peril, immediately depart the town, and that
" they would take care that their answer to the mes-
" sage should be sent to hÍIn." And so the earl of
Southan1pton departed the town, reposing hin1selfp
at the house of a noble person seven or eight D1iles
off. 'Vhilst the earl had this skirmish ,vith the
lords, sir John Colepepper attended the commons,
forbearing to go into the house without leave, be-
cause there had heen an order, (\vhich is mentioned
l)efore,) that all the members, who were not present
at such a day, should not presun1e to sit there, till
they had paid a hundred pounds, and given the
house satisfaction in the cause of thLir absence. But
he sent word to the speaker, " that he had a message
" from the king to then1, and that he desired to de-

o deliver it himself] Not in P rèposing himself]
lS. adds:
]1,18. in better company,
YOLo III. I)

BOOK
VI.

1642.

nOOK
VI.

] 642.

QIO

'THE HISTOI1"\'"

" liver it in his place in the house." After SOUle de-
bate, (for there remained yet sonle, who thought it
as unreasonable as irregular to deny a nlemher of
the house, against "Tholn there had not been the
least public objection, and a privy-counsellor \vho
had been in all times used there ,vith great respect, r
leave to deliver a Inessage from the king in his o,vn
place as a Inelnber,) it ,vas absolutely resolved, " that
" he should not sit in the house, but that he should
" deliver his message at the bar, and immediately
" ,vithdraw;" which he did accordingly.
Then s the two houses met at a conference, and
read the king's message \vith great superciliousness;
and within two days, with less difficulty and oppo-
sition than can be believed, agreed upon their an-
s,ver. The king's nlessengers, in the nlean tinle,
though of that quality, did not receive ordinary
civilities t fron1 any Inenlbers of either house; they
who were very "Tilling to have done it, U not daring
for their o,vn safety to con1e near them; and the
others X looking upon thelll as servants to a nlaster
\vhom they had, and meant farther to oppress. Pri-
yate conferences they had with sonle of the principal
governors; from \VhOln they received no other ad-
vice, but that, if the king had any care of himself or
his posterity, he should imlnediately come to Lon-
don, thro\v himself into the arnlS of his parliament,
and cOlllply withY ,vhatsopver they proposed. The
answer which they returned to the king ,vas this.

r respect,] reyerence,
S Then) And then
t though of that quality, did
not rerei,.e ordinary eÏvilitiesJ
being of that qllali1y, not re-

ceiving ordinary civility
U done it,] pairl it,
x others] other
}- with] in

OF THE REBELLION.

11

The aJlS1Ver z if the lords llnd COrJllll01lS to his 'lJla- BOO K
je..flty's 1nessage of the 25tll of August, 1642. VI.
J 642.
" May it please your majesty: Their an-
swer.
" The lords and COlnnlons, in parlianlent assenl-
"hied, having received your Inajesty's nlessage of
"the 25th of August, do \vith nluch grief resent
"the dangerous and distracted state of this king-
" dOln; \vhich \ve have by all means endeavoured to
" prevent, both by our several ad vices and petitions
" to your majesty; \vhich hath been a not only \vith-
" out success, but there hath followed that which no
"ill couns21 in former tinles hath produced, or any
" age hath seen, nanlely, those several proclanlations
" and declarations against both the houses of par-
" lianlent, \vhereby their actions are declared trea-
"son able, and their persons traitors. And there..
"upon your lnajesty hath set up your standard
"against them, whereby you have put the two
"houses of parlianlent, and, in thenl, this whole
"kingdonl, out of your protection; so that until
" your lnajesty shall recall those proclanlations and
" declarations, ,vhereby the earl of Essex, and both
" houses of parliament, and their adherents, and as-
" sistants, and such as have obeyed and executed
" their conlmands and directions, according to their
"duties, are declared traitors or other,vise delin-
" quents: and until the standard, 8et up in pursu-
"ance of the said proclamation, be taken down,
" your Inajesty hath put us into such a condition,
" that, whilst ,ve so remain, we cannot, by the fun-

7 The answer] Thi.s answer is
in the Iwnrlzcrifing of lord Cla-

7'endoll's secretary.
a hath been] ha\'e been
p2

BOOK
VI.

J 642.

The king
sends an-
other mes-
sage to
the two
bouses.

lQ

THE IllS TOR Y

" dalnental privileges of parlian1ent, the public trust
" reposed in us, or with the general good and safety
" of this kingdo111, give your 111ajesty any other an-
" s\ver to this n1essage."
'Vhen the king's luessengers returned \vith this
answer to N ottinghaul, all men saw to \vhat they
ll1ust trust; and the king believed, he should be no
farther moved to make addresses to them. And yet
all hopes of an army, or any ability to resist that
violence, seemed so desperate, that he ,vas privately
advised by some,b whom he trusted as much as any,
and those \vhose affections were as entire to hin1 as
any men's, to give all other thoughts over, and in-
stantly to make all in1aginable haste to London, and
to appear in the parliament-house before they had
any expectation of him. And they conceived there
would be more likelihood for hin1 to prevail that
way, than by any army he was like to raise. And
it must he solely inlputed to his n1ajesty's o\vn reso-
lution, c that he took not that course. Ho\vever he
",-as contented to Blake so much farther use of their
pride and passion, as to give them occasion, by an-
other n1essage, to publish more of it to the people;
and therefore, \vithin three days after the return of
his n1essengers, he sent the lord Falkland, his prin-
cipal secretary of state, \vith a reply to their answer
in these words.
" 'Ve ,viII d not repeat, ,vhat n1eans we have used
" to prevent the dangerous and distracted estate of
" the kingdoln, nor ho\v those 111eans have heen in-
" terpreted; because, being desirous to avoid the ef-

b by some,] by those,
c resolution,] magnanimity,
d 'Ve will] This reply is also

in the handwriting of lord Cla-
rendon's secretary.

OF rrHE REBELLION.
13

"fusion of blood, we are willing to decline all me-
" mory of forIller bitterness, that might render our
" offer of a treaty less readily accepted. 'V e never
" did declare, nor ever intended to declare, Loth our
" houses of parliament traitors, or set up our stand-
" ard against them; and nluch less to put them and
" this kingdolll out of our protection. \Ve utterly
" profess against it before God, and the world; and,
" farther to remove all possible scruples, \\rhich may
" hinder the treaty so much desired by us, \ve hereby
" pronlise, so that a day be appointed by you for the
" revoking of your declarations against all persons
" as traitors, or otherwise, for assisting us; we shall,
" \vith all cheerfulness, upon the same day recall our
" proclamations and declarations, and take down our
"standard. In which treaty, we shall be ready- to
" grant any thing, that shall be really for the good
"of our subjects: conjuring you to consider the
" bleeding condition of Ireland, and the dangerous
" condition of England, in as high a degree, as by
" these our offers we ha ve declared ourself to do;
"and assuring you, that our chief desire, in this
" world, is to beget a good understanding and mu-
" tual confidence betwixt us and our t\VO houses of
" parlianlent."
r-rhis lllessage had no better effect or reception
than the forIner; their principal officers being sent
down since the last message to Northampton to put
the arlny into a readiness to march. And no\v they
l"cquired the earl of Essex himself to n1ake haste
thither, that no III ore time might be lost, scnding by
the lord
"'alkland, within two days, this answer to
the king.

r3

BOOK
VI.

16-12.

214

THE HISTORY

BOOK
VI.

1642.

To the king's e most excellent majesty;
The hll1Jlble allswer anil petition of the lords anll
COJJl11101lS a.ysenlbled illjJal w lilLJJlellf, 'U1lto the kiJlg's
last '/Jlessage.
" 1\1ay it please your Inajesty :
" If we, the lords and COlnn10ns in parlialnent as-
" sembled, should repeat all the \vays ,ve have taken,
" the endeavours \ve have used, and the expressions
" \ve have made unto your lnajesty, to prevent those
" distractions, and dangers, your Inajesty speaks of,
" \ve should too llluch enlarge this reply. There-
" fore, as we humbly, so shall we only let your ma-
" jesty know, that we cannot recede from our forIner
" ans\\rer, for the reasons therein expressed. For
" that your majesty hath not taken do,vn your stand-
" ard, recalled your proclamations and declarations,
" \vhereby you have declared the actions of both
" houses of parliament to be treasonable, and their
" persons traitors; and you have published the same
" since your message of the 25t
of August, by your
" late instructions sent to your commissioners of a1'-
" ray; \vhich standard being taken do\vn, and the
"declarations, proclalnations, and instructions re-
" called, if your majesty shall then, upon this our
"hUll1ble petition, leaving your forces, return unto
" your parlialnent, and receive their faithful advice,
"your majesty will find such expressions of our
" fidelities, and duties, as shall assure you, that your
" safety, honour, and greatness, can only be found in
" the affections of your people, and the sincere COUD-

Their an-
swer.

e To the king's] This amm'er Clarcwluu's secretary.
-is i7l the handwriting uf lord

OF THE REBELLION.

15

" sels of your parlialnent; whose constant and un- BOOK
VI.
"discouraged endeavours and consultations have
" passed through difficulties unheard of, only to se- I G 12.
"cure your kingdollls fron1 the violent mischiefs
" and dangers HOW ready to fall upon thenl, and
" every part of then1; who deserve better of your
" majesty, and can never allow thel11selves (repre-
" senting like\vise your f whole kingdonl) to be ba-
" lanced with those persons, ,vhose desperate dispo-
"sitions and counsels prevail still to interrupt all
" our endeavours for the relieving of bleeding Ire-
" land; as we l11ay fear our labours and vast ex-
" penses will be fruitless to that distressed king-
"dom. As your presence is thus hun1bly desired
" by us, so it is in g' our hopes your majesty \vill in
" your reason believe, there is no other \vay than
" this, to ll1ake your lllajesty's self happy, and your
" kingdom safe."
And lest this overture of a treaty Inight be a
11leanS to allay and compose the disten1pers of the
people, and that the hope and expectation of peace
Blight not dishearten their party, in their prepara-
tions and contributions to the war, the same day
they sent their last answer to the king, they pub-
lished this declaration to the kingdoll1.
" \Vhei"eas 0 his 11lajesty, in a n1essage received The two
" J fi r. h f S 1 · h h I " houses' de-
t le it 0 epteln Jer, requIres t at tepaI' ]a- cJaratioll to
" Inent \vould revoke their declarations against such

;n
ing-
" persons as have assisted his Inajesty in this unna-
" tural war against his kingdo111; it is this day 01"-
" dered, and declared by the lords and COllll110US,

f your] the is copied into the .J.HS. b!l all
R in] Omitted in JIS. amanUenSl.'ì.
Ii 'Vhereas] This declaration

1) 4

BOOK
VI.

1642.

16

THE HISTORY

"that the a1'111S, which they have been forced to
"take up, and shall be forced to take up, for the
"preservation of the parliall1ent, religion, the la,\'s
"and liberties of the kingdolll, shall not be laid
" do,vn, until his majesty shall \vithdra\v his protec-
"tion frol11 such persons as have been voted by
"both houses to be delinquents, or that shall by
" both houses be voted to be delinquents, and shall
" leave them to the justice of the parliainent to be
"proceeded \vith according to their demerit; i to
" the end that both this and succeeding generations
" 11lay take \varning, ,vith \vhat danger they incur
" the like heinous crilnes: and also to the end that
" those great charges and danlages, \vhere\\yith all
"the C0111IDOnwealth hath been burdened in the
" pre111ises, since his 111ajesty's departure fr0111 the
" parliament, nlay be borne by the delinquents, and
" other ma1ignant and disaffected persons: and that
" all his majesty's good and ,,'ell !lffected subjects,
"who by loan of l11onies, or otherwise at their
" charge, have assisted the con1n10n\vealth, or shall
" in like lUanneI' hereafter assist the C0111l11011\\Tealth
"in time of extre111e danger, nlay be repaid aU
" SUlns of money lent by them for those purposes,
" and be satisfied their charges so sustained, out of
" the estates of the said delinquents, and of the 111a-
" lignant anù disaffected party in this kingdoI11."
'fhis declaration did the king no harn1; for be-
sides that it ,vas evident to all Inen, that the king
had done whatsoever \vas in his po\ver, or could be
expected from hhn, for the prevention of a civil
,val', all persons of honour and quality plainly dis-

i demerit;J demerits;

OF THE REBELLION.
17

cern ed, that they had no safety but in the preserva-
tion of the regal power, since their estates were al-
ready disposed of by them who could declare wholl1
they would delinquents, and \vould k infallibly de-
clare all such who had not concurred \vith them.
And the advantage the king received by those over-
tures, and the pride, fro\vardness, and perverseness
of the rebels, is not inlaginable; his levies of men,
and all other preparations for the war, being incre-
dibly advanced from the time of his first message.
Prince Rupert lay still ,vith the horse at Leicester;
and though he, and some of the principal officers
\\-ith hÌI11, were discontented to that degree, .upon
the king's first message and desire of a treaty, as
likely 1 not only to destroy all hopes of raising an
army, but to sacrifice those who ,vere raised, that
they were not ,vithout some thoughts, at least dis-
courses, of offering violence to the principal advisers
of it, he now found his numbers increased, and bet-
tcr resolved by it; and frol11 Yorkshire, Lincoln-
shire, and Staffordshire, canle very good recruits of
foot; so that his cannon and nlunition being like-
,vise come up frol11 York, within twenty days his
nun1bers began to look towards an arnlY; and there
,vas another air in all men's faces: yet Nottinghaul
seelned not a good post for his n1ajesty to stay
longer at; and therefore, about the n1iddle of Sep-
telnber, the earl of Essex being then with his ,vhole
arlny at Northampton, his ll1ajesty marched fro111
Nottingham to Derby; being not then resolved
\vhither to bend his course, to 8hre\vsbury or Ches-
ter, not well knowing the tel11per of tho
e towns, in

k and would] and who would

1 likel
r] Iik

BOOK
VI.

1642.

18

rrllE HISTORY

B

K both ,vhich the parlianlent party had been very ac-
tive; but resolving to sit do
n near the borders of
.I 6-12. 'Yales, \vhere the po\ver of the' parIian1ent had been
least prevalent, and \vhere some regiInents of foot
\vere levying for his service. Before his leaving
N ottinghan1, as a fare"rell to his hopes of a treaty,
and to Inake the deeper sense and impression, in
the hearts of the people, of those "rho had so pel'ti-
naciously rejected it, his majesty sent this 111essage
to the houses.
Another "'Yho have taken III lllost \vays, used nlost en-
message d d d 1 .
from the " eavours, an ma e 1110st rea expressIons to pre-
b.ing to the " t th t d . t t . d d I t II
two houses ven e pres en IS rac IOnS an angers, e a
in
eply to " the \vorld J . udO'e as well b y fornler P assa g es as
theIr an- b , ,
swer. "by our two last Inessages, ,vhich have been so
" fruitless, that, though \ve have descended to dc-
" sire and press it, not so Inuch as a treaty can be

, obtained; unless \ve \\
ould denude ourself of all
"force to defend us froln a visible strength nlarch-
" ing against us; and adlnit those persons as trai-
"tors to us, who, according to their duty, their
" oaths of allegiance, and the la\v, have appeared in
" defence of us, their king and liege lord, (\v honl
" we are bound in conscience and honour to pre-..
" serve,) though \ve disclaimed all our procla111a-
"tions, and declarations, and the erecting of our
" standard, as against our parliament. All we have
"no,v left in our po\Yer, is to express the deep
" sense ,ve have of the public l11isery of this king-
" don1, in which is involved that of our distressed
"protestants of Ire]and; and to apply ourself to
"our necessary defence, \vherein ,ve ,vhoUy rely

m '''ho have taken] This mes- last declaration.
sage is in the same han(l as the

OF THE IlEBELLION.
19

" upon the providence of God, the justice of our BOOK
" cause, and the affection of our good people; so VI.
" far ,ve are from putting then1 out of our protec- 1642.
"tion. "\Vhen you shall desire a treaty of us, ,ve
" shall piously remember, whose blood is to be spilt
"in this quarrel, and cheerfully embrace it. And
" as no other reason induced us to leave our city
" of London, but that, \vith honour and safety we
" could not stay there; nor to n raise any force, but
"for the necessary defence of our person and the
" law, against levies in opposition to both; so \ve
"shan suddenly and most \villingly return to the
"one, and disband the other, as soon as those
" causes shall be renloved. The God of heaven di-
" rect you, and in mercy divert those judglnents,
"which hang over this nation; and so deal with
" us, and our posterity, as \ve desire the preserva-
" tion and advancement of the true protestant reli-
" gion; the law, and the liberty of the su bject; the
"just rights of parlialnent, and the peace of the
" kingdorn."
'Vhen the king came to Derby, he received clear The king
· L'. . Ii h II æ d . 81 rewO\"es to
InlorlnatIon 1'0111 t e \Ve auecte party In lreWS- Derby.
bury, that the town was at his devotion; and that
the very rUll10ur of his n1ajesty's purpose of coming
thither had driven a\vay all those who \vere most
inclined to sedition. And therefore, as well in re-
gard of the strong and pleasant situation of it, (one
side being defended by the Severn, the other having
a secure passage into "r ales, the confines of l\lont-
gOll1cryshire extending very near the to\\rn,) as for
the correspondence \vith 'V orcester, of ,vhich city

11 to] ...."'''01 in JUS.

2!!O

THE HISTORY

BOO K he hoped well, and that, by his being at Shre,vs-
VI.
bury, he should be as ,veIl able to secure Chester, as
] 642. by carrying his ,vhole train so far north; besides
that the other lnight give S011le apprehension of his
going into Ireland, ,vhich had been forlnerly 11lcn-
tioned, his majesty resolved for that to,vn; and,
after one day's stay at Derby, by easy marches he
,vent thither, drawing his whole sll1all forces to a
rendezvous at 0 'V ellington, a day's 111arch short of
Shre\vsbury; and that being the first time that
they ,vere together, his 111ajesty then caused his 111i-
litary orders for the discipline and government of
the army to be read at the head of each reginlent;
and then, ,vhich is not fit ever to be forgotten, put-
ting himself in the Iniddle, where he nlight be best
heard, not much unlike the emperor Trajan, who,
,vhen he made Sura great n1arshal of the enlpire,
gave him a sword, saying, "Receive this s\vord of
" me; and if I comnland as I ought, elnploy it in
" nlY defence; if I do otherwise, dra,v it against
" nle, and take my life from file," his majesty made
this speech to his soldiers.
'fhe king's " Gentlen1en, P you have heard those orders read:
speech and . . .
protesta- "It IS your part, In your several places, to observe
tion at the " h I Th . 1, I 1 .c':
I}ead of his t enl exact y. e tune cannot lJe ung JCI0re
forces, ",ve cOlne to action therefore Y OU have the Inore
after the '
reading his " reaSon to be careful: and I 111USt tell you, I shall
orders of
war. " he very severe in the punishing of those, of what
"condition soever, who transgress these instruc-
"tions. I cannot suspect your courage and reso-
" lution; your conscience and your loyalty hath
"brought you hither, to fight for your religion,

o at] by
}) Gentlemen,]

amI protestation is copied lJy the
This speech amanuensis.

OF THE REnELLIO
.
Ql

" your king, and the la\vs of the land. Y 0\1 shan
" meet \vith no enenlies but traitors, Dlost of them
"Brownists, anabaptists, and atheists; such ,vho
" desire to destroy both church and state, and \vho
"have already condemned you to ruin for being
" loyal to us. That you may see what use I Inean
" to Blake of your valour, if it please God to bless
" it with success, I have thought fit to publish D1Y
"resolution to you in a protestation; which ,vhen
"you have heard me Blake, you will believe you
" cannot fight in a better quarrel; in \vhich I pro-
" mise to live and die with you."
The protestation his Inajesty was then pleased to
make was in these words.
" I do pronlise in the presence of Alnlighty God,
" and as I hope for his blessing and protection, that
" I win, to the utDlost of D1Y power, defend and
"nlaintain the true reformed protestant religion,
"established in the church of England; and, by
" the grace of God, in the same will live and die.
" I desire to govern by all q the known laws of
" the land, and that the liberty and property of the
" subject may he by thenl preserved with the saIne
" care, as n1Y own just rights. And if it please
" God, by his blessing upon this arIny, raised for
" nlY necessary defence, to preserve Ine fron1 this
" rebellion, I do solenlnIy and faithfully promise, in
" the sight of God, to D1aintain the just privileges
" and freedolu of parliatnent, and to govern by the
" known Ia \VS of the land to Iny ut1110st power; and
"particularly, to observe inviolably the laws con-
"sented to by Ine this parliatnent. In the nlean

q all] Not in iUS.

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

I G.12.

The king
comes to
Shrews-
bury.

2
Q

'rHE HISTORY

" while, if this time of war, and the great necessity
" and straits I aln now driven to, beget any viola-
h tion of those, I hope it shall be in1puted by God
" and nlen to the authors of this war, and not to
" D1e; \vho have so earnestly laboured for the pre-
" ser\Tation of the peace of this kingdol11.
"'Vhen I willingly fail in these particulars, I
" will expect no aid or relief fron1 any nlan, or pro-
"tection from heaven. But in this resolution, I
" hope for the cheelful assistance of all good men,
" and an1 confident of God's blessing."
This protestation, and the nlanner and solemnity
of making it, gave not D10re life and encouragelnent
to the little arlny, than it did c0111fort and satisfac-
tion to the gentry and inhabitants of those parts;
into \VhOlll the parlialnent had infused, that, if his
D1ajesty prevailed by force, he would, \vith the same
power, abolish all those good laws, \vhich had been
nlade this parlialnent; so that they looked upon
this protestation, as a n10re an1ple security for their
enjoying the benefit of those acts, than the royal as-
sent he had before given. And a B10re general and
passionate expression of affections cannot be Í1na-
gined, than he received by the people of those coun-
ties of Derby, Stafford, and Shropshire, as he passed;
or a better reception, than he found at Shrewsbury;
into "rhich town he entered on Tuesday the 20th of
September.
It \vill be, and was then, ,vondered at, that since
the parlialnent had a full and well forn1ed arn1Y, be-
fore the king had one full regÏ1nent, and the earl of
Essex ,vas hÍ1nself come to N orthan1pton, some
days before his Inajesty ,vent from N ottinghaln, his
lordship neither disquieted the king whilst he sta.id

'"

OF THE REBEl.LIO
.
23

there, nor gave hin1 any disturbance in his march to
Shrewsbury; \vhich if he had done, he might either
have taken him prisoner, or so dispersed his small
po\ver, that it would never have been possible for
him t.o have gotten an arnlY together. But as the
earl had not yet received his instructions, so they,
upon \vhom he depended, avoided that expedition
out of luere pride, and contempt of the king's
forces; and upon a presumption, that it would not
be possible for hinl to raise such a po\ver, as ,vould
be able to look their arnlY in the face; but that,
,vhen he had in vain tried all other ways, and those,
who not only followed hirri upon their own charges,
but supported those ,vho 'v ere not able to bear their
own, (for his arn1Y ,vas maintained and paid by the
nobility and gentry, who served likewise in their
own persons,) were grown weary and unable longer
to bear that burden, his majesty \vould be forced to
put hÌlnself into their arms for protection and sub-
sistence; and such a victory ,,,,ithout blood had
crowned all their designs. And if their arluy, ,vhich
they pretended to raise only for their defence, and
for the safety of the Icing's person, had been able to
prevent the king's raising any; or if the king, in
that n1elancholic conjuncture at Nottingham, had
returned to 'Vhitehall, he had justified all their pro-
ceedings, and could never after have refused to yield
to 'v ha tsoever they proposed.
And it is most certain, that the COnllTIOn soldiers
of their r arlUY were generally persuaded, that they
should never be brought to fight; hut that the king
was in truth little better than ilnprisoned by evil
r their] the

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

J 6-12.

Colonel
Goring
surrenders
Ports-
mouth.

Q24

THE I-IISTORY

counsellors, nlalignants, delinquents, and cavaliers,
(the tern1S applied to his \vhole party,) and would
gladly come to his parliaillent, if he could break
from that C0111pany; 'v hich he \vonid undoubtedly
do, if their arnlY can1e once to such a distance, that
his 111ajesty might 111ake an escape to them. In S
this kind of discourse they were so sottish, that
they ,vere persuaded, that those persons, of ,vhose
piety, honour, and integrity, they had received here-
tofore the greatest testimony, were now turned pa-
pists; and that the slnall army, and forces the king
had, consisted of no other than papists. Insomuch
as truly those of the king's party, \vho pronlised
thelllselves any support, but from the cOlllfort of
their own consciences, or relied upon any other
means than froll1 God Almighty, could hardly have
made their expectations appear reasonable; for his
enemies were in a nlanner t possessed of the \vhole
kingdom.
Portsmouth, the strongest and best fortified to,vn
then in the kingdon1, was surrendered to them;
colonel Goring, about the beginning of September,
though he had seelned to be so long resolved, and
prepared to expect a siege, and had been supplied
with Inonies according to bis o,vn proposal, ,vas
brought so lo,v, that he gave it up, only for liberty
to transport himself beyond seas, and for his officers
to repair to the king. And it \vere to ue \vished
that there might be no more occasion to 111ention
bin1 hereafter, after this repeated treachery; and that
his incomparable dexterity and sagacity had not

8 In] And in this enemie" were in a manner] they were in truth

OF '.rHE REBELLION.

Q
5

prevailed so far over those, who had been so often BOOK
VI.
deceived by him, as to make it absolutely necessary
to speak at large of him, more than once, before 1642.
this discourse comes to an end.
The marquis of Hertford, though he had so much Tl
e mar-
discredited the earl of Bedford's soldiery, and dis-

rd's
heartened his great army, that the earl U (after lying !
';
ei

he
in the field x four or five nights ,vithin less than can- west.
non shot of the castle and town, and after having
refused to fight a duel with the nlarquis, to ,vhich
he provoked hinl by a challenge) sent sir John Nor-
cot, under pretence of a treaty and the godly care
to avoid the effusion of Christian blood, in plain
English to desire "that he nlight fairly and peace-
" ably draw off his forces, and 11larch a\vay;" the
,vhich, how reasonable a request soever it was, the
Inarquis refused; sending theln \vord, "that as they
"caIne thither upon their o","n counsels, so they
" should get off as they could;" and at last they did
dra,v off, and march above a dozen miles for repose;
leaving the Inarquis, for SOine ,yeeks, undisturbed at
Sherborne: yet when he heard of the loss of Ports-
mouth, the relief whereof was his princil1al busi-
ness, and so that those forces ,vould probably be
added to the earl of Bedford, and by their success
give much courage to his bashful arlny, and that a
good regiment of horse, which he expected, (for sir
John Byron had sent him word from Oxford, that
he would march towards hinl,) was retired to the
king; and that the conlmittees were no,v so busy in
the several counties, that the people in all places
declared for the parlianlcnt; and nlore particularly

\1 earl] earl of Bedford
VOI
. III. Q

x field] fields

!lQ6

THE HISTORY

BOOK some strong and populous towns in Somersetshirc;
VI. as Taunton, 'Vellington, and Dunstar-Castle; by
1642. reason whereof it would not be possible for him to
increase his strength; he resolved to leave Sher-
borne, where his stay could no way advance the
king's service, and to try all ways to get to his ma-
jesty. But ,vhen he came to l\linhead, a port-town,
fronl \vhence he n1ade no doubt he should be able to
transport himself and his company into 'Vales, he
found the people both of the to\vn and county so
disaffected, that all the boats, of \vhich there used
al \va ys to be great store, by reason of the trade for
cattle and corn with ""ales, were industriously sent
a\vay, save only two; so that the earl of Bedford
having taken new heart, and being within four miles
,vith his army, his lordship, with his small cannon
and few foot, with the lord Pawlet, lord Seyn10ur,
Thence and SOll1e gentlemen of Somersetshire, transported
transport- h . If . G . .. R I h
eth himself In1Se Into lan10rganshlre; leavIng SIT a p
into Gla- H · J h B kl M D " b d
morgan- opton, SIr 0 n er ey, l". 19 y, an SOn1e
shire. other officers \vith their horse, (consisting of about
one hundred and twenty,) to march into Corn\vall,
in hopes Y to find that county better prepared for
their reception.
On the other hand, the earl of Bedford, thinking
those fe\v fugitives not worth his farther care, and
that they would be easily apprehended by the co 111-
n1ittee of the Inilitia, which was very powerful in
Devon and Cornwall, contented hÎJ11self with having
driven away the marquis, and so expelled all hope of
raising an arlny for the king in the west; and re-
tired ,vith his forces to the earl of Essex, as sir

Y hopes] hope

OF THE llEBELLION. 2
7

'Villi am 'VaIleI' had done from Portsmouth; so that
as it was not expected, that the forces about his
111ajesty could be able to defend hin1 against so puis-
sant an army, so it was not imaginable that he
could receive any addition of strength from any
other parts. For wherever they found any person
of quality inclined to the king, or but disinclined to
them, they immediately seized upon his person, and
sent him in great triumph to the parliament; ,vho
conlmitted him to prison, with all circumstances of
cruelty and inhumanity.
Thus they took prisoner the lord Mountague of
Boughton, at his house in N orthamptonshire, a per-
son of great reverence, being above fourscore years
of age, and of unblemished reputation, for declaring
hinlself unsatisfied with their disobedient and un-
dutiful proceedings against the king, and Il10re ex-
pressly against their ordinance for the militia; and
notwithstanding that he had a brother of the house
of peers, the lord privy seal, and a nephew, the lord
Khnbo]ton, \vho had as full a po\\rer in that council
as any man, and a son in the house of conlmons very
unlike his father; his lordship was committed to the
1'0\ver a close prisoner; and, though he was after-
wards remitted to 11l0re air, he continued a prisoner
to his death.
Thus they took prisoner in Oxfordshire the earl
of Berkshire, and three or four principal gentlemen
of that county; and committed them to the To,ver,
for no other reason but wishing well to the king; for
they never appeared in the least action in his ser-
vice. And thus they took prisoner the earl of Bath
in Devonshire, \vho neither had, or ever Incant to
do the king the least service; but only out of the
Q2

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

!Z
8

THE I-IISTOllY

morosity of his own nature, had before, in the house,
expressed himself not of their minds;z and carried
hirn, with ßlany other gentlenlen of Devon and 80-
l11erset, with a strong guard of horse, to London;
,vhere, after they had been exposed to the rudeness
and reproach of the conlmon people, who called
then1 traitors and rebels to the parlian1ent, and pur-
sued then1 \vith such usage as they use to the nlost
infan10us nlalefactors, they were, without ever being
exanlined, or charged with any particular crinle,
COlnl11itted to several prisons; so that not only all the
prisons about London \vere quickly filled with per-
sons of honour, and great reputation for sobriety and
integrity to their counties, but new prisons \vere
Inade for their reception; and, which was a new
and barbarous invention, very nlany persons of very
good quality, both of the clergy and laity, ,vere C0111-
111itted to prison on board the ships in the river of
Thames; where they were kept under decks, and no
friend suffered to conle to them, by which nlany lost
their lives. And that the loss of their liberty might
not be all their punishlnent, it was the usual course,
and very few escaped it, after any l1lan was conl-
mitted as a notorious 111alignant, (which was the
brand,) that his estate and goods were seized or
plundered by an order from the house of COlllnlons,
or sonIe committee, or the soldiers, \" ho in their
march took the goods of all papists a and eminent
malignants, as la\vful prize; or by the fury and li-
cence of the C0l1llll0n people, \vho were in all places
grown to that barbarity and rage against the nobility
and gentry, (under the style of cavaliers,) that it was

Z minds;] Inind ;

a papists] catholics

OF THE REBELLION.
Q9

not safe for any to live at their houses, who were
taken notice of as no votaries to the parliament.
So the COlnnlon people (no doubt by the advice of
their superiors) in Essex on a sudden beset the house
of sir John Lucas, one of the best gentlemen of that
county, and of the nlost eminent affection to the
king, being a gentleman of the privy chalnher to
the prince of \Vales; and, upon pretence that he
was going to the king, possessed themselves of all
his horses and arn1S, seized upon his person, and
used him \vith all possible indignities, not without
some threats to nlurder him: and when the ßlayor
of Colchester, ,vhither he 'vas brought, ,vith more
hUlnanity than the rest, offered to keep him prisoner
in his own house, till the pleasure of the parliament
should be farther known, they compelled hin1, or he
\vas ,villing to be compelled, to send hiln to the COll1-
11lon gaol; where he relnained, glad of that security,
til1 the house of COlnnlons ren10ved him to another
prison, (,vithout ever charging him ,vith any crÏ1ne,)
having sent all his horses to the earl of Essex, to be
used in the service of that army.
A t the san1e tÍlne the saIne rabble entered the
house of the countess of Rivers, near Colchester ;
for no other ground, than that she ,vas a papist;
and in fe"r hours disfurnished it of all the goods,
which had been lllany years with great curiosity
providing, and ,vere not of less value than forty
thousand pounds sterling; the countess herself hard-
ly escaping, after great insolence had been used to
her person: and she could never receive any repara-
tion frolll the parlialnent. These b and nlany other in-

b parliament. These] parlianlent; so that these
Q3

BOOK
VI.

1642.

o

THE HIS1."ORY

nOOK stances of the same kind in London and the parts
VI. adjacent, gave sufficient evidence to all men how
1642. little else they were to keep, \vho meant to preserve
their allegiance and integrity in the full vigour.
I must not forget, though it cannot be relneln-
bered without D1uch horror, that this strange wild-
fire alnong the people was not so much and so furi-
ously kindled by the breath of the parlialnent, as of
their clergy, C who both administered fuel, and Llow-
ed the coals in the houses too. These ll1en having
creeped into, and at last driven all learned and ortho-
dox men from, the pulpits, had, as is before remem-
bered, from the beginning of this parliament, under
the notion of reformation and extirpating of popery,
infused seditious inclinations into the hearts of men
against the present governlnent of the church, "\\rith
n1any libellous invectives against the state too. But
since the raising an army, and rejecting the king's
last overture of a treaty, they contained then1sel ves
within no bounds; and as freely and without con-
trol inveighed against the person of the king, as
they had before against the worst malignant; pro-
fanely and blasphemously applying whatsoever had
been spoken and declared by God himself, or the
prophets, against the ll10st wicked and impious kings,
to incense and stir up the people against their most
. .
gracIous sovereIgn.
There are n10numents enough in the seditious
sermons at that time printed, and in the Inen10ries
of lnen, of others not printed, of such wresting and
perverting of scripture to the odious purposes of the
preacher, that pious men will not look over without

c their clergy,] the clergy,

OF THE REBELLION.
gl

trembling. One takes his text out of Moses's words
in the 32d chapter of Exodus, and the 29th verse;
Consecrate yourselves to-day to the Lord, eve'll
ever!! mall upon his son, and upon his brother, that
he '1/lay bestow upon you a blessing tllis llay: and
from thence incites his auditory to the utmost pro-
secution of those, under what relation soever of
blood, neighbourhood, dependence, who concurred
not in the reformation proposed by the parliament.
Another makes as bold ,,,ith David's words, in the
1st Chron. chap. xxii. verse 16. .Arise tllerefore, llnd
be lloing: and from thence assures them, it was not
enough to ",-ish well to the parliament; if they
brought not their purse, as well as their prayers,
and their hands, as well as their hearts, to the assist-
ance of it, the duty in the text was not performed.
There were d n10re than 1\11'. Marshall, ,vho from the
23d verse of the 5th chapter of Judges, Curse ye
lJfero
, said the allt;'el qf the Lord; curse ye bit-
terly the inhabitants tllereqf, because they CaJJle
/lot to the ItclJ} qf tIle Lorll, to tIle Ilelp qf tIle Lord
{/B'aillst tIle 1Jlighty; presumed to inveigh against,
and in plain terms to pronounce God's own curse
against all those, ,vho came not, with their utmost
power and strength, to destroy and root out all the
lualignants, ,vho in any degree opposed the parlia-
Inent.
There was one, who from the 48th chapter of the
propllet JerenlÏah, and the lOth verse, Cursc(l be he
that kee}Jcth back Ilis sword frOl/l blooll, reproved
those who gave any quarter to the king's soldiers.
And another out of the 5th verse of the 25th chap-

d were] was
Q4

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Eze k. xxii.
25.

gQ

'rHE HIS'rORY

tel' of Proverbs, 7'ake au'ay tIle 'lvicked from bifore
the ki IIg', aUll /lis tll1.one sllall be establishell ill
rig'/iteollslless, made it no less a case of conscience
by force to remove the evil counsellors from the
king, (,vith bold intinlation what nlight be done to
the king hinlself, if he ,vould not suffer them to be
renloved,) than to perforlll any Christian duty that
is enjoined. It wou]d fin a volume to insert all the
impious nladness of this kind, so that the cOlnplaint
of the prophet Ezekiel might most truly and season-
ably have been applied; Tllere is a coru;piracy of
llel. pro}Jhets in the 11litb;t thereqf, like a rOll1'il1g
lion ravening the prey; they have llevourell sOltIs;
they llave taken the treaSll1"e anr] precious things;
they have 'JJlade her rnany Wil/OlL'S in the 17zh/st
ill ereof.
I t ,vas the complaint of EraSl11US of the clergy in
his time, that when princes ,vere inclinable to wars,
alills e sac1ro suggesto JJro1JÛttit oJJlniulJl {lll171Ísso-
rUJJt cO'lldoJlatiolle1Jl, alius pro/11ittit certrl1lZ victo-
ria'/n, projJhetal}'uIJl voces all rent Ï1llpia'}Jl detor-
quells. Taut bellace
; cOllciones {lulZiri1Jlu.y, says
he. And indeed no good Christian can, ,vithout
horror, think of those nlinisters of the church, ,vho,
by their function being messengers of peace, were
the only trlullpets of ,var, and incendiaries to"rards
rebellion. IIow 111uch more Christian was that Athe-
nian nun in Plutarch, and how shall she 'rise up in
judgl11ent against those men, who, "Then Alcibiades
,vas condelllned by the public justice of thp state,
and a decree n1ade that an the religious priests and
'VOlnen should ban and curse hinl, stoutly refused to
perform that office; an s\\-ering, "that she was pro-
" fessed religious, to J)J"{I!J and to bless, not to C1l1..fJe

OF THE REBELLION.
33

"and to ban." And if the person and the place BOOK
VI.
can iUlprove and aggravate the offence, (as without
doubt it doth, both before God and nlan,) methinks 1642.
the preaching treason and rebellion out of the pul-
pits should be worse than the advancing it in the
lnarket, as much as poisoning a man at the comnlU-
nion \vould be worse than Inurdering him at a ta-
vern. And it may be, in that catalogue of sins,
,vhich the zeal of sonle men hath thought to be the
sin against the Holy Ghost, there may not anyone
be more reasonably thought to be such, than a mi-
nister of Christ's turning rebel against his prince,
(which is a 1110st notorious apostasy against his or-
der,) and his preaching rebellion to the people, as
the doctrine of Christ; which, adding blasphemy
and pertinacy to his apostasy, hath all the marks by
which good men are taught to avoid that sin against
the Holy Ghost.
\Vithin three or four days after the king's remove The earl
of Essex
fro111 Nottingham, the earl of Essex, with his whole rnoveswith
his anny
army, removed from Northampton, and 111arched to-fromNorth-
,yards "T orcester ; of which his majesty had no sooner ampton.
intelligence, than he sent prince Rupert, with the
greatest part of the horse, on the other side of the
Severn, to\vards that city; as well to observe the
motion of the enenlY, as to give all assistance to
that place, which had declared good affections to
him; at least to countenance and secure the retreat
of those gentlelnen, \vho \vere there raising forces
for the king; but especially to join \vith sir John
Byron, \VhOITl his Inajesty had sent, in the end of
August, to Oxford, to convey some money, which
had been secretly brought from London thither to
his 111ajc:sty. And he, after SOUle :Slllall disasters in

nOOK
VI.
1642.

g4

TIlE HISTORY

his march, by the insurrection of the country peo-
ple, who "rere encouraged by the agents for the par-
liament, and seconded by the officers of the nlilitia,
came safe with his charge to 'V orcester; ,vhere he
had been very few hours, when a strong party of
horse and dragoons, being sent by the earl of Essex,
under the command of Nathaniel Fiennes, son to
the lord Say, came to surprise the town; which was
open enough to have been entered in lllany places,
though in some it had an old decayed ,vall; and, at
the most usual and frequented entrances into the
city, ,veak and rotten gates to be shut, but without
either lock or bolt.
Yet this cOll1nlander, e coming early in the morn-
ing, ",
hen the small guard which had ,vatched, con-
ceiving all to be secure, ,vere gone to rest, and being
within musket shot of the gate before he ,vas dis-
covered, finding that weak gate f shut, or rather
closed against him, and not that quick appearance
of a party within the town, as he prolnised himself,
,vithout doing any harln, retired in great disorder,
and ,vith so much haste, that the wearied horse,
sent out presently to attend him, could not overtake
any of his train; so that ,vhen prince Rupert came
thither, they did not conceive any considerable party
of the enemy to be near. However his highness
resolved to retire from thence, as soon as he should
receive perfect intelligence of the motion of the
enemy,g when on the sudden reposing b himself on the
ground wit.h prince l\laurice his brother, the lord
Digby, and the principal officers, in the field before

e comlnander,] doughty com-
luander,
f gate] door

g enemy,]
IS. adds: or where
certainly he was,
h reposing] being reposing

OF THE REBELI
ION.
g5

the town, some of his wearied troops (for they had BOOK
had a long march) being by, but the rest and nlost VI.
of the officers in i the town, he espied a fair body of 1642.
horse, consisting of near five hundred, marching in
very good order up a lane ,vithin musket shot of
him. In this confusion, they had scarce time to get
upon their horses, and none to consult of what was
to be done, or to put then1selves into their several
places of command. And, it lllay be, it was well
they had not; for if all those officers had been in
the heads of their several troops, it is not hnpossible
it might have been worse. But the prince instantly
declaring, " that he would charge;" his brother, the
lord Digby, commissary general \Vilmot, sir John
Byron, sir Lewis Dives, and all those officers and
gentlemen, whose troops ,vere not present or ready,
put themselves next the prince; the other wearied
troops conling in order after them.
In k this manner the prince charged thenl, as soon A rencoun-
. ter between
as they came out of the lane; and beIng seconded the forces
by this handful of good In en, though the rebels be-
:
:
Vor-
ing gallantly led by colonel Sandys, (a gentleman of;
:
:: Ru-
Kent, and the son of a worthy father,) and com- pert gets
the better.
pletely armed both for offence and defence, stood
,veIl; yet in a short time, many of their best men
being killed, and colonel Sandys hinlself falling with
his hurts, the \vhole body was routed, fled, and was
pursued by the conquerors for the space of above a
mile. The nun1ber of the slain ,vere not many, not
above forty or fifty, and those most officers; for their
arms ,vere so good, that in the charge they were not
to be easily killed, and in the chase the goodness of

I in] being in

k In] And in

BOOK
VI.

1642.

QS6

rrHE HISTORY

their horse made it impossible. Colonel Sandys,
who died shortly after of his wounds, captain 'Vin-
gate, ,vho ,vas the more kno,vn, by being a lnelnher
of the house of con1mons, and 1 taken notice of for
having in that charge behaved hiu1self stoutly, and
t"..o or three Scottish m officers, \vere taken prisoners.
Of the king's party none of name ,vas lost: com-
Inissary general 'Vilmot hurt with a sword in the
side, and sir Le,vis Dives in the shoulder, and two
or three other officers of inferior note; none 111iscar-
rying of their wounds, ,vhich ""as the lnore strange
for that, by reason they expected not an encounter,
there ,vas not, on the prince's side, a piece of a1'-
1110ur ,vorn that day, and but few pistols; so that
1110st of the hurt that ,vas done ,vas by the sword,
Six or seven cornets of the enelny'sD ,vere taken,
and n1any good horses, and some arnlS ; for they ,,'ho
run a,vay Inade thell1Seh r es as light as they could.
This rencounter proved of great o advantage and
benefit to the king. For it being the first action his
horse had been brought to, and that party of the
enemy being the most picked and choice men, it
gave his troops great courage, and rendered the
name of prince Rupert very terrible, and exceed-
ingly appalled the adversary; inSOll1Uch as they had
not, in a long tin1e after, any confidence in their
horse, and their very nUll1hers were ll1uch lessened
by it. For that whole party being routed, and the
chief officers of name and reputation either killed or
taken, though the nUlnber lost upon the }Jlace \vas
not considerable, there \\rere very 111any nl0re "Tho

I and] though
m Scottish] Scotch

n of the enemy's] Not in ...WS.
o great] unspeakable

OF THE REBELLION.
37

never returned to the service; and, which ,vas
,vorse, for their own excuse, in all places, talked
aloud of the incredible and unresistible courage of
prince Rupert, and the king's horse. So that, from
this tÍIne, the parliament begun to be apprehensive,
that the business would not be as easily ended, as it
was begun; and that the king would not be brought
back to them P with their bare votes. Yet how faint-
ly soever the private pulses beat, (for no question
many, who had made greatest noise, wished they
were again to choose their side,) the t\VO houses were
so far q froin any visible abatement of their nlettle,
that to weigh do\vn any possible supposition that
they might be inclined, or dra\vn to treat \vith the
king, or that they had any apprehension that the
people would he less firln, and constant to them,
they proceeded to bolder acts to evince both, than
they had yet done.
For to the first, to shew how secure they \vere
against resentment from his allies, as ,veIl as against
his Inajesty's o,vn po\ver, they caused the Capuchi

friars, ,vho, by the articles of nlarriage, \vere to have
a safe reception and entertainment in the queen's
fanlily, and had, by her majesty's care, and at her
charge, a snlall, but a convenient habitation, by her
o,vn chapel, in her own house, in the Strand, and
had continued there, without disturbance, froo1 the
time of the nlarriage, after many insolencies and
indignities offered to thein by the rude multitude,
even within those gates of her o\vn house, to be
taken from thence, and to be sent over into France,

11 to them] to his parlia- q the two houses were so far]
Jnent there was
o far

BOOK
VI.

1642.

8

THE HISTORY

BOO K with protestation, "that if they were found again
VI. " in England, they should be proceeded against as
1642. "traitors:" and this in the face of the French - am-
bassador, who not,vithstanding withdrew not from
thelTI his courtship and application.
Then, that the king nlight know how little they
dreaded his forces, they sent down their instructions
to the earl of Essex their general, who had long ex-
pected them; whereby, an10ng other things of form
The two for the better discipline of the army, "they requir-
houses'in-" d h . t h . h h í' h h h
structions e 1m 0 marc ,'VIt sue 10rces as e t oug t
to thei 1 r " fit, towards the army raised, in his luajesty's name,
genera .
" against the parliament and the kingdom; and with
" them, or any part of thenl, to fight at such time
" and place as he should judge l110st to conduce to
"the peace and safety of the kingdoln: and that
"he should use his utmost endeavour by battle, or
" other,vise, to rescue his Inajesty's person, and the
"persons of the prince, and duke of York, out of
"the hands of those desperate persons, who were
"then about them. They directed hhn to take an
"'opportunity, in SOlne safe and honourable way, to
"cause the petition of both houses of parliament,
"then sent to him, to be presented to his majesty;
" and if his majesty should thereupon please to ,vith-
" draw himself from the forces then ahout him, and
"to resort to the parliament, his lordship should
"cause his majesty's forces to disband, and should
"serve and defend his 111ajesty with a sufficient
" strength in his return. They required his lord-
" ship to publish and declare, that if any who had
" been so seduced, by the false aspersions cast upon
" tl1e proceedings of the parliament, as to assist the
" king in acting of those dangerous counsels, should

OF 'l'HE REBELLION.
39

" willingly, within ten days after such publication in
" the arn1Y, return to their duty, not doing any hos-
"tile act within the tilDe limited, and join them-
" selves with the parliament in defence of religion,
" his majesty's person, the liberties, and la,v of the
" kingdom, and privileges of parlialnent, ,vith their
" persons, and estates, as the members of both houses,
" and the rest of the kingdom, have done, that the
"lords and commons ,vould be ready, upon their
"sublnission, to receive such persons in such a r
" manner, as they should have cause to acknowledge
" they had been used with clelnency and favour;
" provided that that favour should not extend to
" admit any man into either house of parliament,
" who stood suspended, without giving satisfaction
" to the house whereof he should be a member; and
" except all persons who stood impeached, or parti-
" cularly voted against s in either house of parlia-
" ment for any delinquency ,vhatsoever; excepting
"like,vise such adherents of those who stood Í1n-
" peached in parliament of treason, as had been emi-
" nent persons, and chief actors in those treasons."
And lest those clauses of exception (which no doubt
cOll1prehended all the king's party, and if not, they
were still to be judges of their own clemency and
favour, which was all was prolnised to the hun1blest
penitent) might invite those, whom they had no
mind to receive on any tern1s, they vouchsafed a
" particular exception of the earl of Bristol, the earl
" of Cumberland, the earl of Newcastle, the earl of
" Rivers, the duke of Richmond, the earl of Caj'nar-
" von, the lord Newark, and the lord viscount Falk-

r a] Not in ftiiS.

8 against] Not in lJt1 S.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

40

THE HISTORY

BOO K "land, principal secretary of state to his majesty,
VI.
"1\lr. Secretary Nicholas, 1\11'. Endyn1ion Porter,
) 642. "1\lr. t Ed,vard Hyde;" against not one of whon1
was there a charge depending of any crilne, and
against very few of them so D1uch as a vote, ,vhich
,vas no great lnatter of delinquency.
It ,vill be here necessary to insert the petition,
directed to be presented in some safe and honour-
able ,vay to his majesty; the rather for that the
same was, upon the reasons hereafter mentioned,
never presented; ,vhich was after,vards objected to
his lnajesty as a rejection of peace on his part,
,vhen they desired it. The petition ,vas in these
,vords.
The peti- " 'Ve u your majesty.s loyal subjects, the lords
tion of both d · 1 . . }
houses to "an commons In par laD1ent, cannot, 'VIt lout great
the king, " g rief. and tenderness of cOln p assion behold the
sent to the ' ,
general to " p ressin g miseries the imminent dan g ers, and the
be presellt- '
ed, but ne- "devouring calamities, which extrelnely threaten,
\'er deli-
,'credo " and have partly seized upon, both your kingdoms
" of England and Ireland, by the practices of a par-
" ty prevailing ,vith your majesty; who, by n1any
" wicked plots and conspiracies, have attell1pted the
" alteration of the true religion, and the ancient go-
" vernment of this kingdon1, and the introducing of
"popish idolatry and superstition in the church,
" and tyranny and confusion in the state; and, for
" the compassing thereof, have long corrupted your
"ln3jesty's counsels, abused your pow'er, and, by
" sudden and untimely dissolving of forrner parlia-
" lllents, have often hindered the reformation and
" prevention of those mischiefs; and being now dis-

t l\Ir.] and l\Ir. handwriting of lord Clarendon's
U ,,, e] This petition is ill the sec1'etary.

OF THE REBELLION. 241

" ahled to avoid the endeavours of this parliament,
" by any such l11eans, have traitorously attenlpted
"to overa\ve the sanle by force; and, in prosecu-
" tion of their wicked designs, have excited, encou-
" raged, and fostered an unnatural rebellion in Ire-
" land; by \vhich, in a lllost cruel and outrageous
" 111anner, Inany thousands of your majesty's sub-
"jects there have been destroyed; and, by false
" slanders upon your parliainent, and malicious and
" unjust accusations, have endeavoured to begin the
"like 111assacre here; and being, through God's
" blessing, therein disappointed, have, as the most
" Inischievous and bloody design of all, dra\vn your
" majesty to make ,val' against :rour parliament,
"and good subjects of this kingdonl, leading in
" your person an army against theIn, as if you in-
" tended, by conquest, to establish an absolute and
" unliinited power over them; and by your power,
" and the countenance of your presence, have x ran..
" sacked, spoiled, Ï1nprisoned, and murdered divers
" of your people; and, for their better assistance in
" their wicked designs, do seek to bring over the
"rebels of Ireland, and other forces, beyond the
" seas, to join with thenl.
" And \ve, finding ourselves utterly deprived of
" your nlajesty
s protection, and the authors, coun-
" sellors, and abettors of these lnischiefs in greatest
"power and favour \vith your majesty, and de-
"fended by you against the justice and authority
" of your high court of parlianlent; whereby they
" are grown to that height and insolence, as to nla-
" nifest their rage and lualice against those of the

YOLo III.

x have] you have
R

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Q4Q

THE HISTORY

" nobility, and others, who are any whit inclinable
" to peace, not without great appearance of danger
" to your own royal person, if you shall not in all
"things concur with their ,vicked and traitorous
" courses; have, for the just and necessary defence
" of the protestant religion, of your majesty's per-
" son, cro\vn, and dignity, of the la\vs and liberties
" of the kingdom, and the privileges and po\ver of
"parJianlent, taken up arms, and appointed and
" authorized Robert earl of Essex to be captain
" general of all the forces by us raised, and to lead
" and conduct the same against these rebels and
" traitors, and theln to subdue, and bring to con-
" dign punishnlent; and do nlost hunlbly beseech
"your majesty to withdraw your royal presence
" and countenance from those ,vicked persons; and,
" if they shall stand out in defence of their rebel-
"lious and unla\vful attelnpts, that your nlajesty
",vill leave theln to be suppressed by that po\ver,
" which \ve have sent against them; and that your
"lnajesty ,vill not mix your own dangers with
"theirs, but in peace and safety, without your
" force
, forthwith return to your parlialnent; and,
" by their faithful counseI and advice, compose the
"present distempers and confusions abounding in
" Loth your kingdollls; and provide for the security
" and honour of yourself and your royal posterity,
"and the prosperous estate of all your subjects;
"wherein if your lllajesty please to yieJd to our
" nlost hUlllhle and earnest desires, ,ve do, in the
" presence of Ahllighty God, IJl'ofess, that \ve will
" receive your majesty with all honour, yield you
"all due obedience and subjection, and faithfully
" endeavour to secure your person and estate froll1

OF THE REBELLION.

4S

" all dangers; and, to the uttermost of our power, BOO K
,
to pro
ure and establish to yoursel
and to your VI.
" people, all the blessings of a glorious and happy 1642.
" reign."
Besides this, y that it might appear they were no-
thing jealous or apprehensive of the people's defec-
tion and revolt from them, 'v hereas before they had
made the general desire of the kingdom the ground
and argument for whatsoever they had done, and
had only invited men to contribute freely what they
thought fit to the charge in hand, without compel-
ling any who were unwilling; they now took notice
not only of those who opposed their proceedings, or
privately dissuaded other men fron1 concurring with
them, but of those, who either out of fear, or covet-
ousness, or both, had neglected really to contribute;
and therefore they boldly published their votes, Votes
( . of both
whIch \vere laws to the people, or of lTIuch more houses for
authorit y ) "That all such. P ersons as should not raising. and
, , procunng
" contribute to the charge of the common wealth, in money.
"that time of eminent necessity, should be dis...
" al'med and secured;" and that this vote might be
the more ten'ible, they ordered, the san1e day, the
lllayor and sheriffs of London, "to search the
" houses, and seize the al"ms belonging to some al-
" dermen, and other principal substantial citizens of
" London," WhOlTI they n
uTIed in their order; "for
"that it appeared by the report from their com..
"luittee, that they had not contributed, as they
" ought, to the charge of the comlTIon\vealth."
By z this lneans the poorest and lo\vest of the
l)eople became informers against the richest and

Y Besides this,] Then,

7. By] And by

R2

BOOK
VI.

I û42.

244

1.
HE I-IISTORY

most substantial; and the result of searching the
houses and seizing the arn1S ,vas, the taking a,,?ay
plate, and things of the greatest value, and very
frequently plundering 'v hatsoever ,vas ,vorth the
keeping. They farther appointed, "that the fines,
" rents, and profits of archbishops, bishops, deans,
" deans and chapters, and of all delinquents, "rho
" had taken up arn1S against the parliament, or had
" been active in the cOll1mission of array, should be
" sequestered for the use and benefit of the COln-
"n1on,vealth." And that the king 111ight not fare
better than his adherents, they directed" all his re-
" venue, arising out of rents, fines in courts of jus-
" tice, conlposition for ,yards, and the like, and all
" other his revenue, should be brought into the se-
" veral courts, and other places, ,,-here they ought
" to be paid in, and not issued forth, or paid forth,
" until farther order should be taken by both houses
"of parlial11ent;" without so 1111.1('h as assigning
him any part of his o,vn, tow'ards the support of his
o,vn person.
This stout invasion of the people's property, and
con1pelling them to part ,,?ith what "Tas 1nost pre-
cious to them, any part of their estates, ,vas thought
by n1any an unpopular a act, in the n10rning of their
sovereignty, and that it ,vould ,vonderfuHy have iJ'-
reconciled their ne,v subjects to them. But the
conductors ,veIl understood, that their el11pire al-
ready depended more on the fear, than love of the
people; and that as they could carryon the ,yar
only by having money enough to pay the soldiers,
so, that 'v hilst they had that, probably they should

2\ unpopular] unpolitic

OF THE ItI
BELLION.

45

not want nlen to recruit their armies upon any mis- BOOK
VI.
adventure.
It cannot he inlagined, ho,v great ad vantages b 1642.
the king received by the parliament's rejecting the
king's Inessages for peace, and their Inanner in do-
ing it. All men's nlouths ,vere opened against
them, the 111essages and ans,vers being read in all
churches; they, ,vho could not serve hiIll C in their
persons, contrived ,vays to supply hin1 ,vith nloney.
SOine eininent governors in the universities gave
hiln notice that all the colleges ,vere very plenti-
fully supplied ,vith plate, ,vhich ,,"ould alTIOunt to a
good value, and lay useless in their treasuries, there
being enough besides for their COlnnlon use; and
there was not the least doubt, but that ,vhensoever
his majesty should think fit to require that treasure,
it ,vould all be sent to hin1. Of this the king had
long thought, and, when he 'vas at Nottingham, in
that nlelanchulic season, t\VO gentIenlen were des-
l)atched C a,vay to Oxford, and to Calnbridge, (t\VO to
each,) ,vith letters to the several vice-chancellors,
that they d should n10ve the heads and principals of
b advantages] ach-antage that all the col1eges in Oxford,
c they, who could not serve and he did believe the like of
})im-were despatched] Thus Cambridge, were very plenti-
originally in .Jl S.: 'Vhen l\lr. fully supplied with plate, which
Hyde came from London to- would amount to a. good value,
wards York, to attend the king, and lay useless in their trea-
he made Oxford his way; and sury; there being enough be-
there conferring with his friend sides for their use; and he bad
])r. Sheldon, then warden of gi\7cn the king information of
All Souls, of the ill condition this, as soon as he came to
the l\ing was in, by his extreme .York; and when he was at
want of money, with which Nottingham, in that melancho-
there could be no way to supply lie season, he put him in mind
him, the parliament being pos- again of it, and then tW9 gen-
scssed of all his revenues, the tlemen were despatched &c.
doctor told him, and wished d thev] he
him to inform the king of it, ..
ItS

46

THE HIS'rORY

BOO Ii: the several colleges and halls, that they would send
VI. h .
t elr plate to the king; private advertisenlents be-
1642. ing first sent to sonle trusty e persons to prepare
and dispose those, without "Those consent the ser-
vice could not be perforlned.
This ,vhole affair was transacted with so great
secrecy and discretion, that the messengers returned
from the two universities, in as short a tinle as such
Th.e tW? a journey could "Tell be made; and brought ,vith
umversl-
ties contri- thenl all, or very near all, their plate, and a consi-
buted their d hI .
money and era e sum of money, ,v]llch was sent as a present

::

to the to his nlajesty from several of the heads of colleges,
out of their own particular stores; some scholars
coming ,vith it, and helping to procure horses and
carts for the service; all which caIne safe to N ot-
tinghanl, at the time when there appeared no more
expectation of a treaty, and contributed llluch to
l'aising the dejected spirits of the place. The plate
was presently weighed out, and delivered to the se-
veral officers, who were intrusted to Dlake levies of
horse and foot, and who received it as money; the
rest was carefully preserved to be carried with the
king, when he should remove from thence; secret
orders being sent to the officers of the nlint, to he
ready to come to his majesty as soon as he should
require them; which he lneant to do, as soon as he
should find himself in a place convenient. There
was now no more complaining or lllurmuring. SOlne
gentlemen undertook to make levies upon their
credit f and interest, and others sent money to the
king upon their own inclinations.
There was a pleasant story, then much spoken

e trusty] confidant

f their credit] their own credit

OF THE REBELLION.

47

of in the court, which adn1inistered SOlne mirth.
There were t,vo great men who lived near Notting-
haln, both men of great fortunes and of great parsi-
lllony, and known to have much n10ney lying by
them g. To the forn1er the lord Capel was sent; to
the latter, John Ashburnham of the hedchalnber,
and of entire confidence with his Inaster; each of
theln with a letter, all written ,vith the king's hand,
to ùorro,v of each ten or five thousand pounds.
Capel was very civilly received by one, h and enter-
tained as ,veIl as the ill accon1modations in his
house, and his luanneI' of living, would adlnit. He
expressed, with \vonderful civil professions i of duty,
" the great trouble he sustained, in not being able
" to comply with his Inajesty's cominands:" he said,
" all ll1en kne\v that he neither had, nor could have
" money, because he had every year, of ten or a
"dozen which were past, purchased a thousa.nd
"pounds land a year; and therefore he could not
"he imagined to have any Inoney lying by him,
" ,vhich he never loved to have. But, he said, he
" had a neighbour, who lived within few miles of
'" hit11, k who \vas good for nothing, and lived like a
"hog, not allo\ving himself necessaries, and who
" could not have so little as twenty thousand pounds
"in the scurvy house in which he lived;" and ad-
vised, ". he 1 might he sent to, who could not deny
" the having of money;" and concluded ,vith great
duty to the king, and detestation of the })arlialnent,
and as if he meant to consider farther of the thing,
g by them.] In 1M S. B. their i professions] e)!.pressions
flameS are given; Pierre point k a neighbour-lniles of him,]
earl of Kingston, and Leake lord MS. adds: the lord Dencourt.
Dellcourt. I he] that he
h by one,] by the earl,

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

R4

nOOK
\"1.

] 642.

Q-!8

THl
HISTOIl Y

and to endeavour to get some Inoney for" hitu ;
which though he did not remeD1ber to send, his af-
fections were good, and he "
as after,vards killed in
the king's service.
AshburnhalTI got no Dlore 11loney, nor half so
Inany good ,vords. That lord m had so little corrc-
spondence with the court, that he had never heard
his naD1C; and ,vhen he had read the king's letter,
he asked fronl ,vhon1 it ,vas; and when he told hin],
" he n sa,v it ,vas froin the king," he replied, "that
" he ,vas not such a fool as to believe it. That he
" had receiyed letters both from the king o and his
" father;" and hastily running? out of the rOOID, re-
turned q ,vith half a dozen letters in his hand; say-
ing, " that those ,vere all the king's letters, and that
" they ahvays begun ,vith Riß'ltt trusty anlZ lvell-be-
" lovell, and the king's nanle ,vas ever at the top;
"but this letter begun ,vith his o"
n naD1e, rand
" ended ,vith your loving friellll C. R. \vhich, he
" said, he ,vas sure could not be the king's band."
Ilis other treatn1ent ,vas according to this, and, after
an ill supper, he \vas she"
ed an indifferent bed; the
lord telling him, "that he ,vould confer lnore of the
h matter in the ll10rning;" he having sent a servant
\vith a letter to the lord Falkland, ,vho "
as his \vife's
nephe,v, and ,vho had scarce ever seen his uncle.
The man caIne to Nottinghau1 about midnight, and
found my lord Falkland in l1Ìs bcd. 'l'hc letter was
to tell him, "that one Ashburnham ,vas ,vith hiln,
" ,vho brought hinl a letter, ,vhich he said ,vas from

m That lord] The lord Den-
court
n he] that llC
o the king] this king

P running] ran
Cj returned] and returned
r begun with his own name,]
began with Dencourt,

OF rrHE REBEl
LION.
49

" the king; but he kne\v tl1at could not be; and
" therefore he desired to know, ,vho this man was,
",vhom he kept in his house till the messenger
" should return." In spite of the laughter, which
could not be forborne, the lord Falkland made haste
to inform hilTI of the condition and quality of the
person, and that the letter ,vas ,vrit with the king's
o,vn hand, ,vhich he seldom vouchsafed to do. And
the lnessenger returning early the next 1110rning, his
lordship treated Mr. Ashburnhaln with so different a
respect, that he, ,vho knew nothing of the cause',be-
lieved that he should return with all the 1110ney that
","as desired. But it ,vas not long before he ,vas un-
deceived. The lord, with as cheerful a countenance
as his could be, for he had a very unusual and un-
})leasant face, told hin1, "that though. he had no
" Inoney hin1self, but was in extrelne want of it, he
",vould tell hilll where he might have money
" enough; that he had a neighbour, ,vho lived with-
" in four or five n1iles, s that never did good to any
" hody, and loved nobody but himself, ,vho had a
" world of 1110ney, and could furnish the king with
" as Inuch as he had need of; and if he should deny
" that he had 1110ney when the king sent to hin1, he
" knew where he had one trunk full, and would dis-
" cover it; and that he was so ill beloved, and had so
" fc,v friends, that nobody ,vould care ho,v the king
" used hiln." This t good counsel ,vas all 1\11'. Ash-
hurnham could Inake of him: and yet this ,vretched
ß1an was so far fronl ,vishing well to the parlian1cnt,
that ,vhen they had prevailed, and \vere possessed of
the whole kingdo1l1, as ,veIl as of N ottinghan1shire,

miles,] JUS. adds: the earl of Kingston. t This] And this

BOOK
VI.

1642.

nOOK
VI.

J 642.

50

THE HISTORY

he would not give them one penny; nor C0111pound
for his delinquency, as they made the having lived
in the king's quarters to be; but suffered his whole
estate to be sequestered, and lived in a very mi-
serable fashion, only by what he could ravish from
his tenants; who, though they paid their rents to the
parliament, were forced by his rage and threats to
part wÌth so much as kept hinl, till he died, in that
condition he chose to live in: his conscience being
}Jowerful enough to deny hiulself, though it could
110t dispose him to grant to the king. And thus the
two messengers returned to the king, so near the
same tinle, that he who came first had not given his
account to the king, before the other entered into
his presence.
The same day, a gentleman in those parts,
known x to be very rich, being pressed to lend the
king five hundred pounds, sent hÏ1n a present of one
hundred pieces in gold; "\vhich," he said, "he had
"procured \vith great difficulty;" and jJrotested,
with many execrable iInprecations, "that he had
" never in his life seen five hundred pounds of 11is
" o,vn together;" when, \vithin one month after the
king's departure, the parliament troops, \\' hich bor-
rowed in another style, took five thousand pounds
from him, \,rhich ,vas lodged ,,"ith him, in the cham-
ber in which he lay. Which is therefore Inentioned
in this place, that upon this occasion it may be scen,
that the unthrifty retention of thcir Inoney, \vhich
possessed the spirits of those, ,yho did really \\yish
the king all the success he \vishcd for hhnself, ,vas

x The same dav-knuwn] verel, who was a gentleman,
And the saIne da.y, 1\1... Sache- and known

OF THE REBELLION.

51

one unhappy causeY of all his misfortunes: and if
they had, in the beginning, but lent the king the
fifth part of what, after infinite losses, they found
necessary to sacrifice to his eneulies, in the conclu-
sion, to preserve themselves from total ruin, his ma-
jesty had been able, with God's blessing, to have pre-
served them, and to have destroyed all his ene-
u1ies. z
Y one unhappy cause] the un-
happy promotion
z enemies.] The following por-
tion from
IS. B. is omitted in
the IIistory. The king was
weary of Nottingham, where he
had received so nlany mortifica-
tions; and was very' glad in so
short a time to find himself in
a posture fit to relnove from
thence. The general, earl of
Lindsay, had brought to him a
good regiment of foot out of
Lincolnshire, of near one thou-
sand men, very well officered;
and the lord \Villoughby, his son,
who had been a captain in Hol-
land, and to whom his majesty
11ad given the comnmnd of his
guards, had brought up likewise
from Lincolnshire another ex-
cellent regiment, near the same
number, under officers of good
experience. John Bellasis, a
younger son of the lord Falcon-
bridge, and sir \Villiam Penni-
man, were come up frOln Y ork-
shire to the standard, with each
of them a good regiment of
foot, of about six hundred men,
and each of them a troop of
horse. Though his train of ar-
tillery was but mean, and his
provision of ammunition much
lueaner, yet it was all he could
depend [upon,] and therefore it
was to be well spent, and as

soon as might be, all the impa-
tience being now to fight. The
lord Paget, who left the parlia-
IDent shortly after the king Caine
to York, to expiate fonner trans-
gressions, had undertaken to
raise a good regiment of foot in
Staffordshire, where his best in-
terest was; and some other per-
sons of condition had made the
same engagements for 'Vales.
The lord Strange (for his father
the earl of Derby was then liv-
ing) was thought to have much
more power in Cheshire and
Lancashire than in truth he
had; and some of the best men
of those counties had commis-
sions to raise both horse and
foot in those counties; so that
though the king was not re-
solved where to Iuake a stand,
yet it appeared necessary to
nlake his march towards those
parts. For all the reasons men-
tioned, Shrewsbury was by all
men thought to be the best
post, because of the communi-
cation it had with all the other
counties; but they could not
be sure of admittance there.
Some principal gentlemen of
that county, and Inembers of
the house of commons, were
then there to persuade the
country to sublnit to the ordi-
nance of parliament; yet l\lr.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

252

THE HIS1.
ORY

The news of the inlportant advantage a before
'V orcester found the king at Chester, ,vhither his
lnajesty thought necessary to ll1ake a journey hin1self,
as soon as he caIne to Shre\v.sbury, both to assure
that city to his service, ,,'hieh ,,
as the key to Ireland,
and to countenance the lord Strange (\\' ho, by the
death of his father, became b earl of Derby) against
sonIe opposition he IHet \vith, on the behalf of the
}Jarlialnent. Here Crane, sent by prince Rupert,
gave his majesty an account of that action; and pre-
sented hiln ,vith the ensigns, ,vhich had been taken;

Hyde had kept an intelligence
,vith the mayor of the town by
a churchman who was a canon
of a collegiate church there, and
a dexterous and discreet person,
who had been at Nottingham
with him, and gi\.en him a full
account of the humour and dis-
position of that people; and he
lmd by his majesty's order sent
hinl again thither, with such in-
structions and letters as were
necessary for the negotiation.
The first day's march was from
Nottinghi11TI to Derby, in the
Iniddle way to which the army
was drawn up, horse and foot,
and was the first time his ma-
jesty had a view of them; and
that day the lord Paget's regi-
n1ent of foot increased the num-
ber; and the whole made so
good an appearance, that all
loen were even wishing for the
earl of Essex, and all fears were
vanished. From Derby the king
Inarched to Stafford, and ga\'e
order that no prejudice should
be done to the earl of Essex
his house or park at Chartley,
which was in view of the wav,
and would otherwise have be
n

pulled down and destro)'ed.
I-Iere l\Ir. Hyde recei\'ed a let-
ter from the. canon of Shrews-
bury, that the committee of par-
liament had left tbe town, and
he believed there would not be
the least pause in receiving the
king. IIowever the king would
not declare which way he would
111arch, till he had more as-
surance, and so sent l\lr. IIyde
to Shrewsbury, to give him
speedy notice before he declined
the way to Chester; and receiv-
ing from him the next day an
account, that the town was well
resolved and that the mayor,
though an old humorous fellow,
had prepared all things for his
reception, the king came with
the whole army to Shrewsbury
before the end of September;
prince R,llpert, within few days
after, marched on the "T elsh side
of Severn to \l" orcester, to coun-
tenance some levies of foot which
were there preparing. Upon
the king's coming to Shrews-
bury, &c. as in p. 253. l. 22.
a advantage] victory
b became] became within few
days

OF THE REBELLION.

Q53

and informed hilll of the earl of Essex's being in BOOK
'V orcester; "\\T hich n1ade the king return C sooner to VI.
Shrewsbury than he intended, and before the earl of 1 G42.
Derby was possessed of that power, ,vhich a little
longer stay ,vould have given him.
Prince Rupert the saIne night, after his victory,
finding the gross of the rebels' artIlY to be ,vithin
five or six miles, against which that city was in no
degree t.enable, though all the king's foot had been
there, retired fron1 'V orcester on the 'Velsh side of
the river, ,vithout any disturbance, into his quarters, d
near Shrewsbury, and with all his prisoners, colonel
Sandys only excepted, whom he left to die of his
,vounds there; the earl of Essex being so much
startled ,vith this C late defeat, that he advanced not
in t\VO days after; and then being surely informed,
that he should find no resistance, he entered ,vith
his army into 'V orcester; using great severity to
those citizens, who had been eminently inclined to
the king-'s service, and sending the principal of theln
prisoners to London.
Upon the king's coming to Shrewsbury, there was The king
fl f h h d h comes to
a very great con ux 0 t e gentry t ere, an t e Shrews-
neighbouring counties, f which were generally well bury.
affected, and lTIade great professions of duty to his
majesty: SOllle of them undertook to make levies of
horse and foot, and perforlned it at their own charge.
The to\vn was very comn10dious in all respects,

C return] to return
d without any disturbance, in-
to his quarters,] Thus in IJI S. :
without any disturbance, and
with all his prisoners, (colonel
Sandys only excepted, whon1 he
charitably left to die of his

wounds there,) into his quarters
near Shrewsbury;
e this] his
f there, and the neighbour-
ing counties,] of that and the
neighbours,

BOOK
VI.

1642.

54

THE HISTORY

strong in its situation; and in respect of its neigh-
bourhood to North 'Vales, and the use of the Severn,
yielded excellent provisions of all kinds; so that
both court and arlny 'v ere very ,yell accommodated,
only the incurable disease of ,vant of money could
not be assuaged in either. Yet ,,
hilst they sat still,
it ,vas not very sensible, much less importunate.
The soldiers behaved themselves orderly, and the
people were not inclined or provoked to complain of
their new guests; and the remainder of the plate,
which was brought frolll the universities, together
\vith the small presents in money, ,vhich were made
to the king by many particular persons, supplied the
present necessary expenses very conveniently. But
it was easily discerned, that, ,vhen the army should
move, which the king resolved it should do with all
possible expedition, the necessity of money ,vould be
very great, and the train of artillery, ,vhich is com-
Inonlya spunge that can hardly be filled,g \\raS desti-
tute of all things necessaryh for motion. Nor \\raS
there any hope that it could march, till a good sum
of money were assigned to it; some carriage-horses,
and \vaggons, which 'v ere prepared for the service of
Ireland, and lay ready at Chester, to be transported
with the earl of Leicester, lieutenant of that king-
dom, ,vere brought to Shrewsbury, by his majesty's
order, for his o,vn train: and the earl's passionate
labouring to prevent or remedy that application,
,vith some other reasons, hindered the earl himself
from pursuing that journey; and, in the end, de-
prived hitn of that province. But this seasonable

g that can hardly be filled,]
that can never be .filled or sa-
tisfied,

h necessary] which were ne-
cessary

OF TI-IE REBELLION. Q55

addition to the train increased the necessity of n10-
ney, there being lTIOre use of it thereby.
Two expedients were found to lllake such a com-
petent provision for all wants, that they \\rere at
last broken through. Some person of that inclina-
tion had insinuated to the king, that, "if the Ro-
" man i catholics, which that and the adjacent coun-
" ties were ,veIl inhabited by, were secretly treated
" \vith, a considerable sum of money might be raised
" alllong them; but it must be carried with great
" privacy, that no notice might be taken of it, the
" parliament having declared so great animosities k
" against them;" nor did it in that conjuncture con-
cern the king less that it should be very secret, to
avoid the scandal of a close conjunction with the
papists, which was every day inlputed to him. Upon
many consultations how, and in what method, to
carryon this design, the king was informed, "that
" if he would depute a person, much trusted by
" hinl, l to that service, the Roman catholics would
" trust hiln, and assign one or t,vo of their body to
"confer ,vith him, and by this means the work
" might be carried on." Hereupon the king sent
for that person,m and told him this ,vhole ma.tter, as
it is here set do,vn, and required hiIn to consult
with such a person, whonl he ,,,,"ould send to hÍIn the
next morning. The next morning n a person of

i Roman] Not in MS,
k animosities] animosity
I a person, nHlch trusted by
him,] Originally in ]}tIS. l\lr.
llyde,
m sent for that person,] Ori-
ginally in ]}tIS. sent one Inorn-
ing for l\Ir. IIyde,

n The next n1orning] Thus
originally in ]US.: he was sur-
prised with the information,
that that classis of Inen had
made choice of him for their
trust, for which he could ima-
gine no reason, but that he
had been often of counsel with

BOOK
VI.

] 6-12.

nOOK
VI.

I G42.

5ü

TH:E HISTORY

quality, veryo ll1uch trusted by all that party, caIne
to him to confer upon that suhject; and she,ved a
list of the nalnes of all the gentlenlen of quality and
fortune of that religion, \vhop were all convict recu-
sants, and q lived \vithin those counties of Shropshire
and Stafford. Theyr appe-ared to be a good number
of very valuable lIlen, on \vhose behalf he had only
authority to conclude, though he believed that the
method, they agreed on there, \vould be sublnitted
to, and confirnled ùy that partyS in all other places.
He said, "they would by no means hearken to any
" nlotion for the loan of 1110ney, for which they had
" paid so dear, upon their serving the king in that
" nlanner, in his first expedition against the Scots."
I t was in the end agreed upon, that the king should
write to everyone of theln to pay him an advance of
t\VO or three years of such rent, as they were every
year obliged to pay hinl, t upon the composition they
had made \vith hÍ1n for their estates; \\Thich \vould
amount to a considerable SUll1 of llloney. And these
letters U were accordingly.\vrit, and \vithin ten or
t,velve days between four and five thousand pounds
were returned to his Inajesty; \vhich was a season-
able supply for his affairs. x
At his return to Shre,vsbury, the king found as

some persons of quality of that
profession, who ).et knew very
\vell, that he was in no degree
inclined to their persuasion;
he submitted to the king's plea-
sure, and the next morning &c.
o very] and very
P who] and who
q and] who
r They] 'Yho
!I party] people

t pay him,] pay to bim,
U And these letters] 'Vbich
letters
x for his affairs.] In JJIS. B.
from which this part of the IIis-
l07'Y is taken, /tere follows an
account oj the rencounter bifore
lVoTl'esfer, (a description ofu'hich
is given in page 235 from JUS.
C.) which will be found in the
Appendi.t J G.

OF THE REBELLION.

257

Iuuch done to,vards his march, as he ex p ected. And BOOK
VI.
then the other expedient <,vhich was hinted before)
for Inoney offered itself. There ,vas a gentleman of 1642.
a very good extraction, and of the Lest estate of any
gentIelnan of that country,Y who lived within four
or five n1iles of Shrewsbury, and was Z looked upon
as a very prudent ll1an, and had a very po,verful in-
fluence upon that people, and ,vas of undoubted af-
fections and loyalty to the king, and to the govel"n-
TIlent both in church and state: his eldest son a was
a young gentleman of great expectation, and of ex-
cellent parts, a Inelnber of the house of con1mons,
,.Tho had behaved himself there very well b . This
gentlenlan intimated to a friend of his, "That., if his
" father Inight be made a baron, he did believe he
"lnight be prevailed ,vith to present his 111ajesty
" \\
ith a good sum of money." It ,vas proposed to
the king, ,vho had no mind b to embrace the propo-
sition, his majesty taking occasion often to speak
against " making merchandise of honour; how flIuch
"the crown suffered at present by the licence of.
" that kind, which had been used during the favour
" of the duke of Buckinghan1; and that he had not
"taken a firmer resolution against nlany things,
" than against this particular expedient for c raising

r country,] 1J;lS. adds: one sir
Richard Newport,
z and was] who was
a eldest son] 1118. adds: Fran-
cis Newport
h who had behaved himself
there very well.-who had no
mind] Thus originally in 1118. :
had behaved himself \rery well
there, and was then newly mar-
ried to the daughter of the late
earl of Bedford. This young gen-
YOI Ie III.

tleman was wen acquainted with
IVlr. Hyde, and fornlerly spoke
to him as if he wished his father
might be made a baron; for
which, he did believe, he might
be prevailed wi th to presen this
majesty with a good sum Of1110-
ney.
lr.lIyde had spoken to
the king of it, but had no mind
&c.
c for] for the

s

BOOK
VI.

I G42.

!258

'l
HE HISTORY

" lnoney." HO\\Tever, after he returned from Ches-
ter, and found by the increase of his lev 1 es, and the
good disposition all things ,vere in, that he Inight ill
a short tilne be able to 11larch, and in so good a con-
dition, that he should rather seek the rebels, than
decline meeting ,,,ith theIn, if the indispensable want
of nloney did not l11ake his motion inlpossible; the
merit and ability of the person, and the fair expect-
ation frou1 his posterity, he having two sons, both
very hopeful, prevailed ,vith his majesty to reSUl11e
the same overture; and in fe,v days it was perfected,
and the gentleman d was made a baron; ",
ho pre-
sented the SUIn of six thousand pounds to his ma-
jesty; whereupon all preparations for the arluy,vere
prosecuted ,,,ith effect. e
As soon as the king came to Shrewsbury, he had
despatched his letters and agents into 'Vales, Che-
shire, and Lancashire, to quicken the levies of men
which ,vere making there, f and returned froln Ches-

d and the gentleman] Thus
originally in lJtl S.: and sir Hi.
Newport was Inade baron New-
port of Ercall, and all prepa-
rations, &c.
e effect.] The con tinuatlon if
the History, according to iJ'IS. B.
will be found in the Appendix, H.
f making there,] The follow-
ing portion is here omitted from
illS. C. And finding that the
parliament had been very soli-
citous and actÏ\'e in those coun-
ties of Cheshire and Lancashire,
and that many of the gentry of
those populous shires were deep-
ly engaged in their service, and
the loyal pal.ty so much depress-
ed, that the house of commons
had
t:nt up an impeachment of

high treason against the lord
Strange, who being son and
heir apparent of the earl of
Derby, and possessed of all his
father's fortune in present, was
then looked upon as of absolute
power over that people, and ac-
cused him, that he had, with an
intent and purpose to subvert
the fundamental laws and go-
vernnlent of the kingdom of
England, and the rights and
liberties, and the very being of
parliaments, and to set serlition
between the king and his peo-
ple at :\lanchester of Lancas-
ter, and at several other places,
actually, maliciously, rebellious-
ly, and traitorously
ummoued
and called together great num-

OF rrHE REßELLIO
.

259

ter through the north part of , Vales (,vhere he found BOOK
VI.
the people cordial to hiIn, and arn1ing theillselves for
1642.

bers of his majesty's subjects;
and invited, persuaded, and en-
couraged them to take up arms,
and levy war against the king,
parliament, anù kingdom. That
he had, in a hostile manner, in-
vaded the kingdom, and killed,
hurt, and wounded divers of his
nmjesty's subjects; had set se-
dition betwixt the king and the
people, and then was in open
and actual rebellion against the
king, parliament, and kingdom.
And upon this impeachment a
formal Ol"Òer passed both houses,
(which was industriously pub-
lished, and read in many churches
of those counties,) declaring his
treason, and requiring all per-
sons to apprehend him; where-
by not only the common people,
\\'ho had obeyed his warrants,
but his lordship himself, (who
had only executed the commis-

ion of array, and the seditious
party at the san1e time execut-
ing the ordinance of militia,
some blows had passed, where..
of one or two had died,) were
more than ordinarily dismayed.
His majesty himself leaving his
household and army at Shrews-
bury, went in person with his
troop of guards only to Ches-
tel', presuming that his presence
would have the same influence
there, it had had in all other
places, to compose the fears and
apprehensions of all honest men,
and to drive away the rest; which
fell .out accordingly: for being
receiVed and entertained with
all demonstrations of duty by
the city of Chester, those who
had been most notably instru-

nlental to the parlianlent, with-
drew themselves, and the no-
bility and gentry, and indeed
the common people, flocked to
him; the former in very good
equipage, and the latter with
great expressions of devotion :
yet in Cheshire N antwich, and
l\Ianchester in Lancashire, made
some shows by fortifying, and
seditious discourses of resist-
ance and disaffection, and into
those two places the seditious
persons had retired themseh'es.
To the first, the lord Grandison
was sent with a regiment of
horse and some few dragooners,
with the which, and his dexter-
ous taking advantage of the peo-
ple's first apprehensions, before
they could take advice what to
do:he so awed that town, that
after one unskilful volley, they
threw down their arms, and he
entered the town, took the sub-
mission and oaths of the inha-
bitants for their future obedi-
ence; and having caused the
small works to be slighted, and
all the arms and ammunition to
be sent to Shrewsbury, he re-
turned to his majesty. For
l\ianchester, t11e lord Strange,
who had by his majesty's favour
and encouragement recovered
his spirits, undertook, without
troubling his majesty farther
northward, in a very short time
to reduce that place, (which
was not so fortunately perform-
ed, beeause not so resolutely
pursued,) and t.o send a good
body of foot to the king to
Shrew
burv. So that his ma-
jesty, within a week, leaving all
S 2

260

T H]
II I S
r 0 n \-

HOOK hÎIn) to Shrewsbury. The king's cust0l11 ,vas in all
VI. counties, through which he passed, to cause the high
1642. sheriff to draw all the gentlemen and the most 8uh-
stantial inhabitants of those parts together, to whonl
(besides his caressing the principal gentlenlen se-
verally, fallliliarly, and very obligingly) he alnrays
spoke g sOlllething publicly, (which "Tas after,yards
printed,) telling them,
The sub- " That it ,vas a benefit to him frolll the insolences
stance of
the king's "and lllisfortunes, which had driven hilll about, that
speeches to . .
the gentry " they had brought him to so good a part of his
and COlU- " k . d d 1Y. · hfi I t f h . I
monaltyof Ing om, an to so lalÍ u a par 0 IS peop e.
the se.veral " He ho p ed neither the y nor he should re p ent their
counties '
thr
ugb "coming together. He would do his part, that they
whIch he
passed. " might not; and of them he was c
nfident before
" he came." lIe told them, " the residence of an
" army ,vas not usually pleasant to any place; and
" his Inight carry lllore fear ,yith it, since it might
" be thought, (being robbed, and spoiled of all his
" o,vn, and such terror used to fright and keep all
" men frOlTI supplying him,) he must only Ii ve upon
"the aid and relief of his people." But he bid
them" not be afraid;" and said, " he "rished to God,
" his poor subjects suffered no more by the inso-
" lence and violence of that army raised against him,
"though they had made themselves wanton with
" plenty, than they should do by his; and yet he
" feared he should not be able to prevent all dis-
" orders; he would do his best; and pronlised them,
" no man should be a loser by hitn, if he could help
"it." He said, " he had sent for a Dlint, and ,vould

parts behind him full of good
inclinations or professions, re-
turned through the northern

part
of \Vales, &('.
g spoke] spake

OF 'rH}
REBELLION. 261

" melt do,vn all his o\vn plate, and expose all his
" land to sale, or mortgage, that h he lllight bring
" the least pressure upon thenl." However, he in-
vited them "to do that for hinl, and themselves, for
" the maintenance of their religion, and the la\v of
"the land, (by which they enjoyed all that they
" had,) which other men did against thelTI;" he de-
sired them, " not to suffer so good a cause to be lost,
" for ,vant of supplying him with that, \vhich would
"be taken from them, by those who pursued his
" majesty with that violence. And whilst those ill
"nlen sacrificed their money, plate, and utmost in-
" dustry, to destroy the commonwealth, they would
" be no less liberal to preserve it. He bid them i
" assure themselves, if it pleased God to bless him
"with success, he would remember the assistance
" every particular man gave him to his advantage.
., However it ,vould hereafter (how furiously soever
" the minds of sorne k 11len were now possessed) be
"honour and cOlllfort to thenl, that, with sonle
,. charge and trouble to themselves, they had done
" their part to support their king, and preserve the
" kingdonl."
His majesty al\vays took notice of any particular
reports, which, either with reference to the public,
or their pri va te concerns, might make inl pression
upon that people, and gave clear answers to thein.
\Vith 1 this gracious and princely demean our, it is
hardly credible how nluch he won ID upon the peo-
pie; so that not only his army daily increased by
volunteers, (for there was not a ßlan pressed,) hut

h that] that ifit were possible
i bid them] bad them
k some] Not in J.llS.

1 'Vith] So that with
III won) wan

s 3

BOOK
VI.

1642.

6

r.l-'HE HISTORY

BOOK
VI.

1642.

such proportions of plate and money ,vere volun-
tarily brought in, that the army \vas fully and con-
stantly paid: the king having erected a n1int at
Shre\vsbury, n10re for reputation than use, (for, for
\vant of \VOrklnen and instru111ents, they could not
coin a thousand pounds a \\reek,) and causing all his
o\vn plate, for the service of his household, to be de-
livered there, Inade other nlen think, theirs was the
less \vorth the preserving.
Shortly after the earl of Essex came to 'V orces-
tel', he sent a gentleman (Fleetw-ood,n the same ,vho
had after\vards so great po\ver in the army, 13ut o
then a trooper in his guards) to Shrewsbury, with-
out a trumpet, or any other ceremony than a letter
to the earl of Dorset; in 'v hich he said, "he was
" appointed by the parlialnent, to cause a petition,
" then in his hands, to he presented to his l11ajesty;
" and therefore desired his lordship to know his Ina-
"jesty's pleasure, \vhen he would be pleased to re-
" ceive it from such persons, as he should send over
" with it." The earl of Dorset, (by his majesty's
command, after it had been debated in council \vhat
ans\ver to return) sent him ,vord in \vriting, "that
" the king had alw-ays been, and w-ould be still, ready
" to receive any petition from his t\VO houses of par-
" lian1ent; and if the earl p had any such to be pre-
" sented, if he sent it by any persons, ,vho stood not
" personally accused by his lnajesty q of high trea-
" son, and excepted specially in all offers of pardon
" made by hin1, the persons r who brought it should
" be \velcome; and the king would return such an

11 :Flectwood,] one Fleetwood,
o but] though
P the earl] his lordship

q his majesty] him
r persons] person

OF '.fl-IE REBELLION.

263

" answer to it, as should be agreeable to honour and BOO K
VI
"justice." 'Vhether this lill1itation as to 111essengers
displeased theIn, (as it was after,vards said, that 1642.
the nlessengers appointed to have delivered it were
the lord l\lallLleville and Mr. Hall1bden, ,vho, they
thought, would have skill to nlake infusions into
many persons then about his 11lajesty; and the hopes
of that access S being barred by that lill1itation and
exception, they would not send any other,) or. \vhat
other reason soever there ,vas, the king heard no
more of this petition, or any address of that nature,
till he found, by SOllle ne,v printed votes and declara-
tions, " that he was guilty of another breach of the
" privilege of parlialnent, for having refused to l
e-
" ceive their petition, except it "Tere presented in
" such at luanner as he prescribed: whereas they
" alone were judges in what luanner, and by \\
hat
" persons, their own petitions should be delivered,
" and he ought so to receive them." So u that peti-
tion, 'v hich is before set dow11 in the very tern1S it
passed both houses, ,vas never delivered to his ll1a-
j esty .
There cannot be too often mention of the wonder-The
Ii I . · strength of
U provIdence of God, that froin that lo\v despIsed the king's
condition the king ,vas in at N ottinghaln, after the

:

:,
::
setting up his standard, he should be able to get bury.
tnen, 1110ney, or arlns, so that, X \vithin t,venty days
after his cOllling to Shrewsbury, he resolved to
march, in despite of the enel11Y, even to\vards Lon-
don; his foot, by this time, consisting of about six
thousand; and his horse of t,vo thousand; his train

S the hopes of that access]
their access
t a] Not in JIS.

11 So] And so
x so that,] aud yet,

s 4

264

THE HIS'TOn,y

J 642.

in \?ery good orùer, cOlnnlanded by sir J oh11 Heydon.
And though this strength \\
as 111uch inferior to the
enemy, yet as it was greater than any l11an thought
possible to be raised, so all thought it sufficient to
encounter the rebels. Besides that it ,vas confident-
ly believed, (and not ,vithout SOI11e grounds, upon Y
correspondence with SOU1e officers in the other arll1Y,)
that, as soon as the arn1ies caIne ,vi thin any rea-
sonable distance of each other, very Inany7. soldiers
would leave their colours, and con1e to the king;
which expectation was confirn1ed by divers a sol-
diers, \vho every day dropped in froll1 those forces;
and, to n1ake themselves ,velcolne, told n1any stories
of their fello,vs' resolutions, w hOl11 they had left be-
hind.
And this nllIst be confessed, that either by the
care and diligence of the officers, or by the good in-
clinations and temper of the soldiers then1s
lves, the
army ,vas in so good order and discipline, that, dur-
ing the king's stay at Shrewsbury, there was not
any rell1arkable disorder; b the country being very
kind' to the soldiers, and the soldiers just, and re-
gardful to the country. And by the free loans and
contributions of the gentlen1en and substantial inha-
bitants, but especially by the assistance of the no-
bility, ,vho attended, the arlny,vas so well paid, that
there ,vas not the least 111utiny or discontent for
want of pay; nor ,vas there any cause; for they
seldolll failed every ,veek, never went above a fort-
night unpaid.
The greatest difficulty ,vas to provide arlns; of

BOOK
VI.

Y upon] of
z vcry many] that very many
a divers] some

b any remarkable disordcr ;J a
disorder of name;
"

OF THE REBELLION. 265

which indeed there was a \vonderful scarcity, the
king being exceedingly disappointed in his expecta-
tion of arms frOin Holland; a vessel or two having
been taken by his own ships, under the cOlnnland of
the earl of \Varwick; so that, except eight hundred
ll1uskets, five hundred pair of pistols, and two hun-
dred s"rords, \vhich came \vith the powder, landed C
in
... orkshire, as is before nlentioned, the king had
none in his nlagazine; so that he YTas c01l1pelled to
begin at N ottinghaln, and so in all places as he
passed, to borrow the arn1S fron1 the trained bands;
"Thich was done \vith so IUllCh wariness and caution,
(albeit it \vas kno\vn that those arn1S \vould, being
left in those hands, be en1ployed against hÏ111, or at
least be of no use to him,) that it was done rather
with their consent, than by any constraint, and al-
,vays \vith the full approbation of their con1manders.
And therefore in Yorkshire and Shropshire, where
the gentlelnen very unskilfully, though ,,"ith good
meaning, desired that the ar111S l11ight still be left in
the country Inen's hands, there \vas none of that
kind of borrowing. But, in all places, the noble-
men, and gentlemen of quality, sent the king such
supplies of arlUS, out of their own armories, (\vhich
\vere very lnean,) so that by all those cl lneans toge-
ther, the foot, all but three or four hundred, who
marched ,,'ithout any weapon hut. a cudgel, ,verc
armed \vith muskets, and bags for their powder, and
pikes; but, in the whole body, there was not a pike-
n1an e had a corslet, and very fe\v musketeers 'v ho
had s\vords. An10ng the horse, the officers had their

C landed] which was landed
d all thm
e] all these

c: a pikeman] one pikemau

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
\TJ.

16--12.

Q66

1.
HE IllS TORY

full desire, if they \vere able to procure old hacks,
and breasts, and pots \vith pistols, or carabines, for
their t\VO or three first ranks, and swords for the
rest; thenlselves (and sOlne soldiers by their exanl-
pIes) having gotten, besides their pistols and s\vords,
a short pole-axe.
The foot \vere divided into three brigades; the
first cOlnlnanded by sir Nicholas Byron, the second
by colonel Jlarry '.\T ent\vorth, the third f by colonel
Richard Fielding, sir Jacob Ashley being Inajor ge-
neral, and comn1anding the foot imnlediately under
the general. For, though general Ruthen, who
came to the king sonle fe\v days before he left
Shre,vsbury, \vas n1ade field marshal, yet he kept
\vholly \vith the horse to assist prince Rupert: and
sir Arthur Aston, of \v hose soldiery there was g a
very great esteeln, was Inade colonel general of the
dragoons; \vhich at that tin1e, though consisting of
t\VO or three regilnents, \vere not above eight hUll-
dred, or a thousand at the 1110st. 1\10st of the per-
sons of quality,h except those whose attendance \vas
near the king's o\vn person, put themselves into the
king's troop of guards, comn1anded by the lord Ber-
nard Ste\vart; and Inade indeed so gallant a body,
that, upon veryi modest cOlnputation, the estate and
revenue of that single troop, it \vas thought, k luight
justly be valued at least equal to all theirs, \vho then
voted in both houses, under the naine of the lords
and COnll110I1S of parlialnent, \vhich I Inade and Inain-
tained that war. rrheir servants, under the cOllulland

f the third] and the third
g there was] there was then
h quality,] honour and qua-
lity,
01

i very] a ,ery
k it was thought,] J:t.'rul inlJ1S.
1 which] and so

OF TH}
REBELLION.

267

of sir \Villiam Killigrew, nlade another full troop, BOO K
and always marched with their lords and lnasters. VI.
In this equipage the king Inarched froln Shrews- 16
2.
B . d The kmg
bury, on the twelfth of October, to 1'1 genorth, ha,.jng
. fu

never less baggage attendIng a royal arnlY, there an army,
being not one tent, and very fe,v \vaggons belong-
::hes
in g to the whole train. havin g in his whole arm y Shrewsbury
, towards
not one officer of the field ,vho ,vas a papist, except London.
sir Arthur Aston, if he ,vere one; and very few
con1mon soldiers of that religion. Ho\vever the par-
lialnent, in all their declarations, and their clergy
IDuch n10re in their sernlons, assured the people,
" that the king's army consisted only of papists,"
whilst thell1selves entertained all of that religion,
that they could get; and very I1lany, both officers
and soldiers, of that religion engaged with thelD;
whether it ,vas that they really believed, that that
arlny did desire liberty of conscience for all reli-
gions, as some of the chief of them pretended, or
that they desired to divide thelDselves for conln1uni-
cation of intelligence, and interest. And here it is
not fit to forget one particular, that, ,vhen the COß1-
mittee of parlialnent appointed to advance the ser-
vice upon the proposition for plate, and horses, ill
the county of Suffolk, sent ,vord to the house of
conlnlons, " that SOUle papists offered to lend lTIOney
" upon those propositions, and desired advice \vhe-
" ther they should accept of it," it ,vas answered,
" that if they offered any considerable SUlll, "\\There-
" hy it n1Íght be conceived to proceed froln a real
" affection to the parlialDent, and not out of policy
"to bring thenlselves within their protection, and
"so to excuse their delinquency, it should be ac-
" ceptcd of."

BOOK
VI.
I G42.

68

THE HIS'rORY

\Vhen the king "ras ready for his luareh, there
was SOllIe difference of ol'inion \vhich way he should
take; Iuany were of opinion that he should 11larch
towards \V orcester, ,vhere the earl of Essex still re-
luained; those countries \vere thought \vell-affected
to the king; \vhere his army ,,'"ould be supplied
,,
ith provisions, and increased in numbers; and
that no time should be lost in cOBling to a battle;
because the longer it ,vas deferred, the stronger the
earl would gro\v, by the supplies which were every
day sent to him froB} London; and he had store of
arms with hitn to supply all defects of that kind.
However it was thought more counsellable to l1larch
directly towards London, it being nlorally sure, that
the earl of Essex ,vould put hinlself in their way.
The king had 111uch confidence in his horse, (his ne-
phew prince Rupert being in the head of them,)
which \\
ere fleshed by their success at 'V orcester;
and if he had made his march that \yay, he ,vould
have been entangled in the inclosures, ,vhere his
horse would have been less useful; ,vhereas there
were Inany o})en grounds m near the other ,vay,
much fitter for an engagen1ent. And so, about the
tniddle of October, the king l1larched fron1 Shre\vs-
bury, and quartered that night at Bridgenorth, tcn
miles from the other place, 'v here there was a ren-
dezvous of the whole army, which appeared very
cheerful; and thence n to 'V olverhalnpton, Bromi-
chaIn, and Killingworth, a house of the king's, and
a very noble seat, where the king rested one day;
where the lord chief justice Heath, ,vho was Inade
chief justice for that purpose, (BraIIlston, a Ulan 0

In open grounds] great campanias

n thence] so

OF THE REBELLIO
. $!69

g reat learnin g and inte g rity, being, without any BOOT

VI.
purpose of disfavour, ren10ved froll1 that office, he-
cause he stood bound by recognizance to attend the 1642.
parliament, upon an accusation depending there
against him,) begun 0 to sit upon a con1n1ission of
oyer and terminer, to attaint the earl of Essex, and
many other persons who were in rebellion, of high
treason.
Sonle days had passed \vithout any notice of that
arn1Y; some reporting that it relnained still at "r 01'-
cester; others, that they were marched the direct
"ray from thence towards London. But intelligence
came from London, "that very many officers of
"name, and comn1and in the parliament army,
" had P undergone that service with a full resolution
" to come to the king as soon as they were ,vi thin
" any distance; and it was wished, that the king
",vould send a proclamation into the army itsel4
" and to offer pardon to all who would return to
" their obedience." A q proclamation was prepared
accordingly, and all circumstances resolved upon,
that a herald should be sent to proclain1 it in the
head of the earl's army, \vhen it should be drawn
up in battle. But that, and many other particu-
lars, prepared and resolved upon, were forgotten, or
omitted at the tÏ1ne appointed, ,vhich would not ad-
mit any of those formalities.
\Vhen the ,vhole army marched together, there J."acti.on be-
. . gun In the
was qUIckly discovered an unhappy jealousy, and king's ar-
division between the principal officers, ,vhich gre,v my.
quickly into a perfect faction bet\veen the foot and

o begun] began

P had] Not in ftlS.

q A] And a

BOOK
VI.

] G--t:2.

70

THE HIS'rORY

the horse. The earl of Lindsey \vas general of the
\vhole arn1r by his cOllllnission, and thought very
equal to it. But \vhen prince Rupert came to the
king, \vhich \\raS after the standard \vas set up, and
received a cOllllnission to be general of the horse,
\v hich, all men knew, was designed for hinl, r there
was a clause inserted into it, exempting S him from
recei ving orders fronl any body but from the king
himself; \vhich, upon the l11atter, separated all the
horse fronl any dependence upon the general, and
had other ill consequences in it: for when the king
at lllidnight, being in his bed, and receiving intelli-
gence of the enell1Y's nlotion, cOlnmanded the lord
Falkland, his principal secretary of state, to direct
prince Rupert, \vhat he should do, his highness t
took it very ill, and expostulated ,vith the lord
Falkland, for giving hinl orders. He could U not
have directed his passion against any nlan, \vho
would feel or regard it less. He x told hinl, "that
" it \vas his office to signify \vhat the king bid y
" hitn; \vhich he should always do; and that his
" highness, z in neglecting it, neglected the king;"
,vho did neither the prince nor his own ser\?ice any
good, by complying in the beginning \vith his rough
nature a. But the king was so indulgent to him,
that he took his advice in all things relating to the
army, and upon the deliberation b of their III arch,
and the figure of the battle they resolved to fight in

r for him,1 to him,
s exempting] which exempted
t his highness] he
11 lIe could] l3ut he could
x lIe] And he
Y bid] bad

Z his highness,] he,
a rough nature] iUS. add.lt:
which rendered him very un-
gracious to all men.
b and upon the deliberation]
anrl so upon consideration

OF THE REBELLIOS.

271

,vith the enen1Y, he concurred entirely ,,
ith prince BOOK
Rupert's advice, rejecting c the opinion of the gene- VI.
ral, who preferred the order he had learned under 1 G42.
prince Maurice, and prince Harry, with ,vhom he
had served at the san1e tin1e, when the earl of Es-
sex and he, both of theIn, had d regilnents. The
reservedness e of the prince's nature, and the little
education he then f had in courts, made him unapt
to make acquaintance ,vith any of the lords, \vho
were thereby likewise g discouraged fron1 applying
themselves to hin1; whilst some officers of the horse
,vere well pleased to observe that strangeness, and
fomented it; believing their credit would be the
greater with the prince, and desiring h that no other
person should have any credit ,vith the king. So
the ,val' ,vas scarce begun, when there appeared
such faction and designs in the army, which \vise
lnen looked upon as a very evil presage; and the
inconveniences, ,vhich flowed froln thence, gave the
king great trouble in a short tin1e after i.
'V'ithin t\VO days after the king n1arched from The earl of
Essex
Shrewsbury, the earl of Essex moved from 'V orces- marches
t t d h . . h í'. .. after the
er 0 at ten lln, \\Tlt an arlny lar superIor In king.
nUlnLer to the king's; the horse and foot being
completely arlned, and the lnen very ,veIl exercised,
and the ,vhole equipage (being supplied out of the
king's magazines) suitable to an arlny set forth at
the charge of a kingdom. The earl of Bedford had
the nan1e of general of the horse, though that com-

(' r
jectingJ and rejected
d both of them, had] had
both]
e reservedness] uneasiness
f then] Not in iUS.
g thereby likewise] likewise

thereby
h dësiringJ desired
i a short time after.] The ac-
rOllnt of the battle of Edge-hill,
as given in
IS. B. 'will bejound
in the Appendix, I.

27Q

1.
II E II 1ST 0 It "\-

no 0 K mand principally depended upon sir "Tillialn Bal-
VI. four. Of the nobility he had \vith hitn the lords
1 G42. Kilnholton, Saint-John's, 'V.harton, Roberts, and the
lords k Rochford, and Fielding, (,,
hose fathers, the
earls of Dover, and Denbigh, charged as volunteers
in the king's guards of horse,) and 111any gentlenlen
of quality; but his train was so very great, that he
could 1110Ve but in slo,v 111arches. So that the t,vo
arlnies, though they were but t,venty nliles asunder,
when they first set forth
and both marched the
same ,vay, gavel not the least disquiet in ten days'
Inarch to each other; and in truth, as it appeared
after,vards, neither arlny kne,v ,vhere the other
\vas.
The king by quick marches, having seldoln rested
a day in any place, came, on Saturday the t\venty-
second of October, to Edgcot, a village in N orth-
an1ptonshire, ,vithin four 11liles of Banbury, in ,vhich
the rebels had a garrison. m As soon as he caIne
thither, he called a council of \yar, and having no
intelligence that the earl of Essex ,vas within any
dist
nce, it was resolved "the king and the arnlY
" should rest in those quarters the next day, only
"that sir Nicholas Byron should march with his
" brigade, and attenlpt the taking in of Banbury."
'Vith n this resolution the council hroke 0 up, and
all nlen ,vent to their quarters, 'v hich were at a
great distance, without any apprehension of an ene-
11lY. But that night, about twelve of the clock,
l)rince Rupert sent the king "Tord, "that the body
" of the rebels' army ,vas ,vithin seven or eight

k and the lords] Not in lJ-IS.
1 gave] they gave
m a garrison,] Originally in

.1.118. a very strong garrison.
n 'YitIa] And with
o broke] brake

OF 1."HE REBELI.AION.
7g

" miles, and that the head quarter ,vas at a village H 00 K
. VI.
" called Keinton on the edge of 'Var,vickshlre; and
"that it would be in his majesty's power, if he ] 642.
" thought fit, to fight a battle the next day;" which
his majesty liked well, and therefore immediately
despatched orders to cross the design for Banbury

" and that the whole army should draw to a l
en-
" dezvous on the top of Edge-hill;" ,vhich was a
high P hill about t,vo n1iles from Keinton, where the
head quarter q of the earl was, ,vhich r had a clear
prospect of all that valley.
In the Inorning, being Sunday the twenty-third The
attle
of Kemton
of October, when the rebels were beginning their or Edge-
march, (for they suspected not the king's forces to hill.
be near,) they perceived a fair body of horse on the
top of that hill, and easily concluded their march
was not then to be far. It is certain they were ex-
ceedingly surprised, having never had any other
confidence of their 111en, than by the disparity they
concluded ,vould be still between their nun1bers and
th
king's, the ,vhich they found then1selves no,v
deceived in. For two of their strongest and best
regin1ents of foot, and one regilnent of horse, ,vas a
day's lllarch behind ,vith their anlmunition. So
that, though they were still superior in number, yet
that difference was not so great as they promised
themselves. However, it cannot be denied that the
earl, with great dexterity, perforlned ,vhatsoever
could be expected fronl a ,vise general. He chose
that ground which best liked hiln. There was be-
tween the hill and the town a fair campaign, save
that near the town it was narrower, and on the

p high] very high
VOlA. III.

q quarter] quarters r which] and which
T

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

74

TIlE HI
'rOR Y.

right hand some hedges, and inclosures: so that
there he placed 111usketeers, and not above t\VO re-
ginlents of horse, where the ground was narro\vest;
but on his left wing he placed a body of a thousand
horse, comn1anded by one Ralnsey a Scotslnan; the
reserve of horse, which \vas a good one, \vas con1-
n1anded by the earl of Bedford, general of their
horse, and sir \Villiam Balfour with hinl. 'rhe ge-
neral hiulself \vas with the foot, which were ordered
as much to advantage as lnight be. And in this
posture they stood from eight of the clock in the
1110rnlng.
On the other side, though prince Rupert \vas
early in the Inorning \\rith the greatest part of the
horse on the top of the hill, ,vhich gave the enelllY

the first alarlll of the necessity of fighting t, yet the
foot \vere quartered at so great a distance, that
many regiments Inarched seven or eight 111iles to the
rendezvous: so that it "Tas past one of the clock,
before the king's forces marched do\vn the hill; the
general hinlself alighted at the head of his o\vn re-
gilnent of foot, his son the lord l\lilloughby being
next to him, \vith the king's regiment of guards, in
which was the king's standard, carried by sir Ed-
l11und \7' erney, knight marshal. 'The king's right
\ving of horse was commanded by prince Rupert,
the left wing hy 1\11'. \Vilnlot, conlmissary general
of the horse, who was assisted by sil
Arthur Aston
\vith 11108t of the dragoons, because that left ,ving
,vas opposed t& the enemy's right, \vhich had the
shelter of SOlne hedges lined \vith musketeers: and
the reseryc ,vas committed to sir John Byron, and

8 the enemy] Not in iUS. t fi
htin
] J.HS. adds: to the-other
party,

OF THE REBEI..LION.
75

consisted indeed only of his o\vn regiment. At the
entrance into the field, the king's troop of guards,
either provoked by some unseasonable scoffs anlong
the soldiery, or out of desire of glory, or both, be-
sought the king, "that he would give thenl leave
"to be absent that day from his person, and to
" charge in the front rnnong the horse;" the \vhich
his 111ajesty consented to. They desired prince Ru-
pert "to give thenl that honour ,,"hich belonged to
" thenl;" \vho accordingly assigned theln the first
place; ,vhich, though they perforlned their parts ,vith
admirable courage, may well be reckoned alllong the
oversights of that day.
It "ras near three of the clock in the afternoon,
before the battle begun; u which, at that tinle of the
year, ,vas so late, that SOlne were of opinion, " that
" the business should be deferred till the next day."
But against that there \vere niany objections; "the
"king's numbers could not increase, the enemy's
" might;" for they had not only their garrisons,
"\Var,vick, Coventry, and Banbury, \vithin distance,
Lut all that country so devoted to them, that they
had all provisions brought to thenl ,vithout the least
trouble; whereas, on the other side, the people were
so disaffected to the king's party, that they had car-
ried away, or hid, all their provisions, insomuch as
there was neither lneat for Inan or horse; and the
very snliths hid themselves, that they might not be
c0111pelled to shoe horses, of \vhich in those stony
\vays there ,,"as great need. This proceeded not
fr01TI any radical nlalice, or disaffection to the king's
cause, or his person; though it is true, that circuit

11 b('gnn ;J bew
n ;
TfJ

nOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Q76

THE HIS'rOR\.p

in \vhich this battle was fought, being very much
in the interest of x the lord Say and the lord Brooke.,
\vas the most eminently corrupted of any county in
England; but by the reports, and infusions which
the other very diligent party had ,vrought into the
people's belief; "that the cavaliers were of a fierce,
" bloody, and licentious disposition, and that they
" comluitted all manner of cruelty upon the inhabi-
" tants of those places ,vhere they canle, of \vhich
"robbery was the least;" so that the poor people
thought there was no other way to preserve their
goods, than by hiding them out of the way; "rhich
was confessed by thenl, when they found how much
that information had wronged them, by making them
so injurious to their friends. And therefore where
the arlUY rested a day they found much better en-
tertainment at parting, than when they came; for
it will not be denied, that there was no person of
honour or quality, \vho paid not punctually and ex-
actly for what they had; and there was not the
least violence or disorder among the common sol-
diers in their nlarch, which scaped exemplary pu-
nishment; so that at Bromicham, a to\vn so ge-
nerally ,vicked, that it had risen upon small parties
of the king's, and killed or taken them prisoners,
and sent them to Coventry, declaring a more per-
emptory lTIalice to his majesty than any other place,
two soldiers were executed, for having taken some
small trifle of no value out of a house, whose owner
was at that time in the rebels' arnlY. So strict was
the discipline in this army; when the other, with-
out control, practised all the dissoluteness imagin-

x very much in the interest of] between the dominions of

OF 'rHE REBELLION. 277

able. But the march was so fast, that the leaving a BOOK
VI.
good reputation behind them, was no harbinger to
provide for their better reception in the next quar- 1642.
terse So that their wants \vere so great, at the time
when they came to Edge-hill, that there \vere very
many companies of the common soldiers, who had
scarce eaten bread in eight and forty hours before.
The only way to cure this was a victory; and there-
fore the king gave the word, though it was late, the .
enemy keeping their ground to receive him without
advancing at all.
In this hurry, there was an omission of somewhat,
which the king intended to have executed before
the beginning of the battle. He had caused lTIany
proclamations to be printed of pardon to all those
soldiers who would lay do\vn their arms, which he
, resolved, as is said before, to have sent by a herald
to the earl of Essex, and to have found ways to have
scattered and dispersed them in that army, as soon
as he understood they ,vere ,vithin any distance of
hin1. But all Inen were no\v so much other\vise
busied, that it \vas not soon enough relnembered;
and when it ,vas, the proclamations were not at
hand; which, by that which follows, might proba-
bly have produced a good effect. For as the right
,ving of the king's horse advanced to charge the left
wing, which ,vas the gross of the eneu1Y's horse, sir
Faithful Fortescue, (\vho, having his fortune and in-
terest in Ireland, 'vas corneY out of that kingdom to
hasten supplies thither, and had a troop of horse
raised for him for that service; but as many other

Y who, having his fortune and whose fortune and interest bc-
interest in Ireland, was come] ing in Ireland, he had come
T3

nOOK
VI.

] 6-12.

Q78

1.' II E HIS'r 0 It ì

of those forces were, so his troop \vas like,vise dis-
posed into that army, and he \vas no,v 111ajor to sir
'Villiam \Valler; he) with his whole troop advanced
frolll the gross of their horse, and discharging all
their pistols on the ground, \\Tithin little ..more than
carabine shot of his o,vn body, presented hin1self and
his troop to prince Rupert; and inllnediately, ,vith
his highness, charged the enen1Y. 'Vhether this sud-
den accident, as it Inight very ,veIl, and the not
kno\ving ho\v many n10re ,vere of the saIne 111ind,
each man looking upon his companion ,vith the san1e
apprehension as upon the enemy, or ,vhether the
terror of prince Rupert, and the king's horse, or all
together, \vith their own evil consciences, \vrought
upon them, I kno,v not, but that ,,
hole ,ving, hav-
ing unskilfully discharged their carabines and pistols
into the air, wheeled about, the king's horse z charg-
ing in the flank and rear, and having thus absoluteJy
routed thein, pursued then1 flying; and had the exe-
cution of them above two miles.
The left \ving, con1manded hy 1\11'. l\7ìlmot, had
as good success, though they were to charge in
\vorse ground, an10ng hedges, and through gaps and
ditches, \vhich ,vere lined ,vith musketeers. But sir
Arthur Aston, \\Tith great courage and dexterity, beat
off those lllusketeers \vith his dragoons; and then
the right wing of their horse was as easily routed
and dispersed as their left, and those follo,ved the
chase as furiously as the other. The reserve seeing
none of the enenlY's horse left, thought there ,vas
nothing more to be done, but to pursue those that
fled; and could not be contained by their COffi-

7 the king's horse] our horse

OF 1-
I-I E REnEI
LION.

279

n1anders; but with spurs, an
loose reins, followed
the chase, which their left wing had led them. And
by this means, whilst most men thought the victory
unquestionable, the
ing was in danger of the san1e
fate which his predecessor Henry the Third had a at
the battle of Lewes against his barons; ,,,,,hen his
son the prince, having routed their horse, followed
the chase so far, that, before his return to the field,
his father was taken prisoner; and so his victory
served only to make the misfortunes of that day
the more intolerable. For all the king's horse hav-
ing thus left the field, many of then1 only following
the execution, others intending the spoil in the to,vn
of Keinton, where all the baggage was, and the earl
of Essex's own coach, which was taken, and brought
away; their reserve, comlnanded hy sir \Villiam
Balfour, moved up and down the field in good order,
and marching towards the king"s foot pretended to
be friends, till observing no horse to be in readiness
to charge them, theyb brake in upon the foot, and
did great execution. Then ,vas the general the earl
of Lindsey, in the head of his regiment, being on
foot, shot in the thigh; with which he fell, and was
presently encompassed with c the enemy; and his
son, the lord \Villoughby, piously endeavouring the
rescue of his father, taken prisoner with hin1. Then
was the standard taken, (sir Edmund Verney, who
bore it, being killed,) hut rescued again hy captain
John Smith, an officer of the lord Grandison's regi-
ment of horse, and by him hrought off. And if
those horse had bestirred thelnselves, they Blight
with little difficulty have d destroyed, or taken pri-

8 had] fel t
b they] Not in .1-18.

C with] by
d have] Omitted in ftlS.
T4

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

80

rrHE HISTOIlY

soner, the king himself, and his two sons, the prince
of \Vales e and the duke of IT ork, being \vith fewer
than one hundred horse, and those \vithout officer
or conlllland, within half lllusket shot of that body,
before he suspected them to be enen1Ïes.
'Vhen prince Rupert returned from the chase, he
found this great alteration in the field, and hIS ma-
jesty himself with few noblemen, and a SlnaU re-
tinue about him, and the hope of so glorious a day
quite vanished. For though lllost of the officers of
horse were returned, and that part of the field co-
vered again with the loose troops, yet they could not
be persuaded, or drawn to charge either the enemy's
reserve of horse, ,vhich alone kept the field, or the
body of their foot, \vhich only kept their ground.
The officers pretending, " that their soldiers were
" so dispersed, that there were not ten of any troop
" together;" and the soldiers, "that their horses
"were so tired, that they could not charge." But
the truth is, \vhere lTIany soldiers of one troop or
l
egÎ1nent were rallied together, there the officers
were wanting; and where the officers \vere ready,
there the soldiers were not together; and neither
officers or soldiers desired to move \vithout those
\vho properly belonged to theIne Things had now
so ill an aspect, that ll1any \vere of opinion, that the
king should lea ve the field, though it ,vas not easy
to advise \vhither he should have gone; ,vhich if he
had done, he had left an absolute victory to those,
who even at this tÍ1ne thought then1selves overcome.
But the king was positive against tl)is f advice, well
kno\ving, that as that army was raised by his person

e of 'Vales] Not in 111 S.

f this] that

OF 1.-'HE I{'EBELLION. 281

and presence only, so it could by no other means be
kept together; and he" thought it unprincely, to for-
sake them who had forsaken all they had to serve
hiln: besides, he observed the other side looked not
as if they thought themselves conquerors; for that
reserve, which did so much mischief before, since
the return of his horse, betoQk themselves to a fixed
station between their foot, whieh at best could but
be thought to stand their ground, which two bri-
gades of the king's did with equal courage, and gave
equal volleys; and therefore he tried all possible
ways to get the horse to charge again; easily dis-
cerning by some little attempts which were made,
what a notable impression a brisk one would have
111ade upon the enell1Y. And when he saw it was
not to be done, he was content with their only
standing still. 'Vithout doubt, if either party had
kno\vn the constitution of the other, they had not
parted so fairly; and, very probably, which soever
had n1ade a bold offer, had compassed his end upon
his enemy. This made many believe, though the
horse vaunted themselves aloud to have done their
part, that the good fortune of the first part of the
day, ,vllich well managed would have secured the
rest, was to be imputed rather to their enemy's want
of courage, than to their own virtue, (which, after
so great a victory, could not so soon have forsaken
them,) and to the sudden and unexpected revolt of
sir Faithful Fortescue with a whole troop, no doubt
luuch to the consternation of those he left; though
they had notg so good fortune as they deserved; for
hy the negligence of not throwing a\vay their orange-

g though they had not] which had not

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Q8

'THE HISTORY

ta,vny scarfs, ,,
hich they all ,yore as the earl of Es-
sex's colours, and heing iUlnlediately engaged in the
charge, many of then1, not fe\ver than seventeen or
eighteen, were suddenly killed by those to who111
they joined thelnselves.
In this doubt of all sides, the night, the common
friend to }vearied and dislnayed armies, parted theln ;
and then the king caused his cannon, \vhich ,,"cre
nearest the eneulY's, h to be dra\vn off; and \vith his
v{hole forces himself spent the night in the field, by
such a fire as could be made of the little ,yood, and
bushes which gre,v thereabouts, unresolved what to
do the next nlorning; many reporting, "that the
" enemy ,vas gone:" but \vhen the day appeared, the
contrary was discovered; for then they 'v ere seen
standing in the same posture and place in \vhich
they fought, from whence the earl of Essex, wiscly,
never suffered theln to stir all that night; presum-
ing reasonably, that if they were drawn off never
so little from that place, their nU111bers would lessen,
and that many \yollld run a\vay; and therefore he
caused all manner of provisions, with which i the
country supplied hÏ1n plentifully, to be hrought thi-
ther to them for their refreshnlent, k and reposed
himself \"ith thenl in the place; besides, that night
he received a great addition of strength, not only
by rallying those horse and foot, \vbich had run out
of the field in the hattIe, but by the arrival of co-
lonel Hambden, and colonel Granthanl, \vith two
thousand fresh foot, (\vhich ,vere reckoned among
the best of tbe army,) and five hundred horse, ,vhich

h enemy9s,] enemy,
I with which] of which

k refreshmcnt ,] repast,

OF THE REBELLION.
83

marched a day behind the army for the guard of nOOK
their ammunition, and a great part of their train, _

not supposing there would have been any action 1642.
that \\Tould have required their presence. All the
advantage this seasonable recruit brougbt them,
was to give their old men so nluch courage as to
keep the field, ,vhich it ,vas other,vise believed, they
\\rould hardly have been persuaded to have done.
In the other arnlY, 1 after a very cold night spent in
the field, \vithout auy refreshlnent of victual, or
provision for the soldiers, (for the country was so
disaffected, that it not only not sent in provisions,
but soldiers, 111 ,vho straggled into the villages for
relief, were knocked in the head by the C0l11mOn
people,) the king found his troops very thin; for
though, by conference with the officers, he might
reasonably conclude, that there ,vere not lllany slain
in the battIe, yet a third part of his foot ,vere not
upon the place, and of the horse many missing;
and they that \vere in the field ,vere so tired with
duty, and weakened ,vith want of meat, and shrunk
up ,vith the cruel cold of the night, (for it was a
terrible frost, and there was no shelter of either tree
or hedge,) that though they had reason to believe,
hy the standing still of the enenlY, whilst a small
party of the king's horse, in the nlorning, took a way
four pieces of their cannon very near them, that
any offer towards a charge, or hut marching to-
,vards them, ,vould have lnade a notablt: n inlpres-
sion in them, yet there ,vas so visible an averseness
from it in most officers, as ,veIl as soldiers, that the
king thought not fit to make the attempt; but con-

1 In the other army,] Nut in
fl'l :3.

m soldiers,] many soldiers,
n notable] very notable

BOOK
VI.

1642.

284

THE HISTORY

tented himself to keep his men in order, the body
of horse facing the enemy upon the field where they
had fought.
Towards noon the king resolved to try that ex-
pedient, which \vas prepared for the day before;
and sent sir \Villiam Ie Neve, Clarencieux king at
arnlS, to the enen1Y, with his proclamation of par-
don to such as would lay down arms; believing,
though he expected then little benefit by the pro-
clamation, that he should, by that means, receive
some advertisement of the condition of the army,
and what prisoners they had taken, (for many per-
sons of command and quality were wanting,) giving
hin} order likewise to desire to speak with the earl
of Lindsey, ,vho was kno\vn to be in their hands.
Before sir \Villiam came to the army, he was re-
ceived by the out-guards, and conducted, \vith strict-
ness, (that he might say or publish nothing among 0
the soldiers,) to the earl of Essex; who, ,vhen he
offered to read the proclan1ation aloud, and to de-
liver the effect of it, that he Inight be heard by
those \vho were present, rebuked hinl, with SOlne
roughness, and charged hiln, "as he loved his life,
" not to presun1e to speak a ,vord to the soldiers ;"
and, after some fe,v questions, sent hiIn presently
back \\rell guarded through the army, \vithout any
ans,ver at all. At his return he had so great and
feeling a sense of the danger he had passed, that he
Inade little observation of the posture or nUlnbers of
the enemy. Only he seelned to have seen, or ap-
prehended so n1uch trouble and disorder in the
faces of the earl of Essex, and the principal officers

(1 among] mnongst

OF THE REBELJ
ION.

85

about him, and so much dejection in the common
soldiers, that they looked 1ike n1en who had no far-
ther ambition, than to keep what they had left. He
brought \vord of the death of the earl of Lindsey;
,vho, being carried out of the field a prisoner, into a
barn of the next village, for ,vant of a surgeon, and
such accolnmodations as were necessary, within few
hours died with the loss of blood, his \vound not be-
ing otherwise mortal or dangerous. This was im-
puted to the inhulnanity of the earl of Essex, as if
he had purposely neglected, or inhibited the per-
forlning any necessary offices to him, out of the in-
solence of his nature, and in revenge of some former
unkil1dnesses, ,vhich P had passed between them.
But, I presume, it may be with Inore justice attri-'"
buted to the hurry and distraction of that season,
\vhen, being so unsecure of their friends, they had
no thoughts vacant for their enemies. For it is not
to be denied at the time when the earl of Lindsey
was taken prisoner, the earl of Essex thought him-
self in more danger; and alnong his faults \vant of
civility and courtesy was none. q

p which] Not in MS.
q courtesy was none.] The
following portion from MS. C.
which connects this part of the
I-listory with page 292, line 18, is
here omitted. The intermediate
part, printed in the text, is taken
front MS. B. The loss of the
general was a great grief to the
army, and, generally, to all who
knew him; for he was a per-
son of great honour, singular
courage, and of an excellent
nature. lie took little delight
in the office of general from
the time that prince Rupert

came, finding his highness to
pass him by too much in his
, cOlumand; yet having so Inuch
reverence to the king's sister's
son, and so tender a regard of
the presen t service, that he
seemed only to his friends to
take notice of it; and seeing
the battle that day set without
advising with him, and in a
form that he liked not, he said,
since he was not fit to be a ge-
neral, he would die a colonel in
the head of his regiment; and
was as good as his word. There
were more lost of the king's

BOOK
VI.

l642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Q86

'l
I-IE I-IISTORY

rrhe l1Ull1ber of the slain, by the testiInony of the
ministers, r and others of the next parish, who took
care of s the burying of the dead, and which was
the only C0111putation that could be lnade, amounted
to above five thousand; ,vhereof t\VO parts 'v ere
conceived to be of those of the parlia01ent party,
and not above a third part t of the king's. Indeed
the loss of both sides was so great, and so little of
triunlph appeared in either, that the victory could
scarce be Ï1nputed to the one or the other. Yet the
king's keeping the field, and having the spoil of it,
by which many persons of quality, who had lain
wounded in the field, ,vere preserved, his pursuing
after,vards the san1e design he had \v hen he ,vas di-
verted to the battle, and succeeding in it, (which
shall U be touched anon,) 'v ere greater ensigns of
victory on that side, than taking x the general pri-
soner, and the taking the standard, \vhich ,vas like-
wise recovered, were on the other. Of the king's
the principal persons, who ,vere lost, were the earl
of Lindsey, general of the arlny, the lord Stewart, Y

side of note; the lord Aubigney,
brother to the duke of Itich-
mond, a young man of great
expectation, who was killed in
the charge with the left wing of
horse, in which he conuuanded
a troop; where there were so
few lo
t, that it was believed
that he feU by his own men,
not without the suspieion of an
ofticer of his own; and he was
the only person of name or
comlwu;d who perished of the
horse. Among the foot, many
good officers were lost, and
amongst them, sir Eùward Yer-
ney was the chief, who that

day carried the king's standard,
a very honest gentleman, and
an old true servant of the king'
,
of which he had so very few
just to him, that that single
person could be ill spared. Th
re
fell two or three lieutenant co-
lonels, and some good otficers
of inferior quality. Prisoners
taken by the enemy were, &c.
r ministers,] minister,
S of] for
t part] Not in lUS.
n which shall] as shall
x taking] the taking
Y lord Stewart,] lord George
Stewart,

OF 'fHE I{EBELLION.

87

lord Aubigney, son to the duke of Lenox, and bJ
o-" BOOK
ther to the then duke of Richn10nd and Lenox, sir VI.
Edlnund Verney, knight Inarshal of the king's horse, 1642.
and standard bearer, and some others of less name,
though of great virtue, and good quality.
The earl of Lindsey was a ll1an of very noble ex- A character
.. .r. fj h . of the earl
traction, and InherIted a great lortune rOln IS an- of Lindsey,
. h h h d . d · h the king's
cestors; 'VhICh t oug e I not manage WIt so general.
great care, as if he desired n1uch to in1prove, yet he
left it in a very fair condition to his falnily, ,vhich
n10re intended the increase of it. He was a Inal1
of great honour, and spent his youth and vigour of
his age in ß1ilitary actions and cOl1unands abroad;
and albeit he indulged to hÍ1nself great liberties of
life, yet he still preserved a very good reputation
,vith all men, and a very great interest in his coun-
try, as appeared by t11e supplies he and his son
brought to the king's army; the several cOlnpanies
of his o,vn regimen t of foot being cOlnmanded by
the principal knights and gentlelnen of Lincoln-
shire, \vho engaged thelnselves in the service princi-
pally out of their personal affection to hiIn. He
was of a very generous nature, and punctual in
what he undertook, and in exacting what was due
to him; which made him bear that restriction so
heavily, which ,vas put upon him by the cOlllmis-
sion granted to prince Rupert, and by the king's
preferring the prince's opinion, in all matters relat-
ing to the war, before his. N or did he conceal his
resentment: the day before the battle, he said to
SOBle friends, with \vhom he had used freedoln,
" that z he did not look upon himself as general;

z before the battle,-thatJ ba.ttle, the carl of Dorset and
Originally ill MS.: befure the l\lr. II)"de conferred nith hi III

BOOK
VI.

1642.

88

THE HISTORY

, and therefore he was resolved, when the day of
" battle should COlne, that he would be in the head
" of his regiment as a private colonel, where he
"would die." He was carried out of the field to
the next village; and if he could then have pro-
cured surgeons, it was thought his ,vound would
not have proved mortal a. And as soon as the other
army ,vas cOlnposed by the corning on of the night,
the earl of Essex, about midnight, sent sir \Villian1
Balfour, and SOlne other officers, to see hiIn, and to
offer hhn all offices, and 111eant himself to have vi-
sited hÎlTI. They found him upon a little straw in
a poor house, ",-here they had laid hin1 in his blood,
which had run from him in great abundance, no
surgeon having been yet with hin1; only he had
great vivacity in his looks; and told theIn, " he was
" sorry to see so 111any gentlemen, some whereof
"were his old friends, engaged in so foul a rebel-
" lion:" and principally directed his discourse to sir
'Villiau1 Balfour, Wh01l1 he put in n1Ïnd of " the
"great obligations he had to the king; how 111uch
" his Inajesty had disob1iged the whole English na-
"tion by putting hin1 into the c0111mand of the
" To,ver; and that it was the most odious ingrati-
" tude in him to make hÍ1n that return." He ,vished

together, when he used great
freedom, as to friends he loved
well, and said, "that &c.
a proved mortal.] Thus con-
tinued in MS. B. And it was
imputed to the earl of Essex's
too ,veIl remembering former
grudges, that he never sent any
surgeon to him, nor performed
any other offices of respect to-
wards him; but it is most cer-

tain that the disorder the earl
of Essex himself was in at that
time, by the running away of
the horse, and the confusion he
saw the army in, and the plun-
dering the carriages in the
town where the surgeons were
to attend, was tlle cause of all
the on1Ïssions of that kind.
And as soon &c.

OF THE REBELLION. Q89

them to tell my lord Essex, "that he ought to cast
" himself at the king's feet to beg his pardon; which
" if he did not speedily do, his memory would be
" odious to the nation;" and continued this kind of
discourse with so llluch vehemence, that the officers
by degrees withdrew themselves; and prevented the
visit the earl of Essex intended him, who only sent
the best surgeons to him; but b in the very opening
of his wounds he C died before the Inorning, only
upon the loss of blood. He had very many friends,
and very few enemies; and died generally lamented.
The lord Aubigney was a gentleman of great
hopes, of a gentle and winning disposition, and of
very clear courage: he was killed in the first charge
with the horse; wher
, there being so little resist-
ance, gave occasion to suspect that it was done by
his own lieutenant, who was a Dutchman, and had
not d been so punctual in his duty, but that he re-
ceived some reprehension from his captain, which
he murmured at. His body ,vas brought off, and
buried at Christ-church in Oxford; his t,vo younger
brothers, the lord John and the lord Bernard Stew-
art, were in the same battle, and were afterwards
hoth killed e in the war
and his only son is now
duke of Richmond. Sir EdlTIUnd Verney hath been
nlentioned before; f he was a person of great ho-
nour and courage, and lost his life in that charge,
when Balfour, with that reserve of horse, which
had been so long undiscerned, broke into those regi-
ments; but his body was not found.

b but] who
C he] Not in ftlS.
d was a Dutchman, and had
not] being a Dutchman, had
not

e afterwards both killed] both
killed afterwards
f before;] before upon his
discourse at
ottingham, which
was very omInous.
U

VOL. III.

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
YI.

1642.

290

'l'H.E 111:;'l'OltY'

.
Of the parlialnent party that perished, the lord
Saint-J ohn'sg of Bletnezo, and Charles Essex, were
of the best quality. The last had been bred up a
page under the earl of Essex, who afterwards, at his
charge, preferred him to a command in Holland;
where he lived ,vith very good reputation, and pre-
served the credit of his decayed fan1ily; and as
soon as the earl unfortunately accepted this com-
mand, he thought his gratitude obliged bin1 to run
the fortune of his patron, and out of pure kindness
to the person of the earl, as n1any other gentlemen
did, engaged hiu1self against the king without any
malice or rebellion in his heart towards the cro\vn.
He had the command of a regiment of foot, and
,vas esteemed the best and most expert officer of
the army, and was killed by a musket shot in the
beginning of the battle. The lord Saint-John's g
was eldest son to the earl of Bullingbroke, and got
himself so well beloved by the reputation of his i
courtesy and civility, which he expressed to,vards
all men, that though his parts of understanding
\vere very ordinary at best, and his course of life li-
centious and very much depraved, he got credit
enough, by engaging the principal gentlemen of
Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire to be bound for
him, to contract a debt of fifty or threescore thou-
sand pounds; for the payment whereof the fortune
of the family was not engaged, nor in his power to
engage. So that the clamour of his debts growing
importunate, SOine years before the rebellion, he left
the kingdom, and fled into France; leaving his vast
debt to be paid by his sureties, to the utter ruin of

g Saint-John's] Saint-John
h Saint-John's] Saint-John

I his] Not in 1118.

OF 'rI-IE IIEBELLIO
.

91

n1any families, and the notable impairing of others.
In the beginning of the parliament, the king ,vas
prevailed ,vith to call him to the house of peers, his
father being then alive, upon an assurance, "that
" by his presence and liberty, "\vhich could by no
" other ,yay be secured, means "\vould he found out
" to pay his debts, and free so many worthy persons
"from their engagements: besides that the times
" being like to be troublesol1Je, the king might be
" sure of a faithful servant, who would al \vays ad-
"vance his service in that house." But the king
had very ill fortune in conferring those graces, nor
,vas his service more passionately and insolently op-
posed by any men in that house than by those, "\vho
upon those professions were advanced k by him from
the condition of commoners. And this gentleman,
from the first hour of his sitting in that house by
the king's so extraordinary grace, ,vas never known
to concur in anyone vote for the king's service, that
received any opposition: and, as soon as it ,vas in
his po\ver, he received a commission ,vith the first
to command a troop of horse against him, in which
he behaved himself so ill, that he received some
wounds in running a\vay; and being taken prisoner,
died before the next morning, without any other
signs of repentance, than the canting "\vords, " that
"he did not intend to be against the king, hut
" wished him all happiness :
' so great an influence
the first seeds of his birth I had upon his nature,
that how long soever they were concealed, and
seemed even buried in a very different hreeding and
conversation, they sprung up, and bore the sanie

k advanced] redeemed tinous f.'1mily
1 birth] MS. add.ç: and mu-

u2

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

....

9

THE !-fISTORY

fruit upon the first occasion. And it was an obser-
vation of that time, that the men of most licentious
lives, who appeared to be without any sense of reli-
gion, or reverence to virtue, and the most unre-
strained by any obligations of conscience, betook
themselves to that party, and pretended an in1pulse m
of religion out of fear of popery; and, on the other
side, very many l1ersons of quality, both of the clergy
and laity, who had suffered under the hnputation of
puritanism, and did very much dislike the proceed-
ings of the court, and opposed them upon all occa-
sions, were yet so n1uch scandalized at the very ap-
proaches to rebellion, that they renounced all their
old friends, and applied themselves with great reso-
lution, courage, and constancy to the king's service,
and continued in it to the end, with all the disad-
vantages it was liable to.
Prisoners taken by the enemy were, n the lord \Vil-
loughby, hastily and piously endeavouring the rescue
of his father; sir Thomas Lunsford, and sir Ed\vard
Stradling, both colonels; and sir 'Villiam Va vasour,
who con1manded the king's regiment of guards un-
der the lord ",Villoughby; and some other inferior
commanders. There were hurt, sir Jacob Ashley,
and sir Nicholas Byron, and n10re dangerously, co-
lonel Charles Gerrard, who, being shot in the thigh,
was brought off the field without any hopes of life,
but recovered to act a great part afterwards in the
war; sir George Strode, and son1e other gentlemen
\vho served among the foot; for of the horse there
was not an officer of name, who received a wound,

m inlpulse] impulsion
n Prisoners taken by the ene-

my were,] Prisoners were taken
by the enemy,

OF THE REBELLION.

93

the lord Aubigney only excepted; so little resistance
did that part of the enemy make. Of the rebels
there were slain, besides the lord Saint-J ohn's, 0 co-
lonel Charles Essex, the soldier of whom they had
the best opinion, and who had always, till this last
action, preserved a good reputation in the world,
which was now the worse, over and above the guilt
of rebellion, by his having SWOI
n to the queen of Bo-
hemia, by whose intercession he procured leave from
the prince of Orange to go into England, "that he
" would never serve against the king:" and many
other of obscure names, though officers of good com-
mand. There were a good number of their officers,
especially of horse, taken prisoners, but (save that
some of them were parliament n1en) of mean quality
in the world, except only sir William Essex, the
father of the colonel, whose wants, from having
wasted a very great fortune, and his son's invitation,
led him into that company; where he was a private
captain of his regiment.
\Vhen the armies had thus only looked one upon
another the whole day, and it being discerned that
the enemy had drawn off his carriages, the king
directed all his army to retire into their old quar-

o Saint John's,] JUS. adiú: a peer, and by that rendered his
son and heir apparent of the person free from the arrest of
earl of Bullingbroke, a nlan his creditors, and added one to
known by nothing, but the hav- the number of those lords, who
ing run into a vast debt, to the nlost furiously revolted fron1
ruin of his own and many fami- their allegiance. He had at
lies whom he procured to be this battle a regiment of horse,
engaged for him, whom the and was taken prisoner after he
king, shortly after the beginning had received some hurts, of
of this parliament, at the impor- which he died the next day;
tunity of the earl of Bedford and on the field was slain, &c.
some others, unhappily created

uS

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

94

"rIlE HISTURY

tel'S, presullling (as it proved) that many of those
\vho \\rere wanting would be found thère. And so
hitnself \vith his t,\,O sons went to Edgecot, where
he lay the night before the battle, resolving to
rest the next day, both for the refreshing his ,veu-
ried, and even tired men, and to be inforn1ed of
the motion and condition of the enelllY, upon which
SOlne troops of the king's horse attended. rrhe earl
of Essex retired ,vith his to 'Var,yick castle, 'v hither
he had sent all his prisoners; so that, on the "I'ues-
day n1orning, the king ,vas informed, that the enemy
was gone, and that SOUle of his horse had attended
the rear of the enenlY almost to \Var,vick, and that
they had left many of theÏ1
carriages, and very nlany
of their wounded soldiers, at the village next toP
the field; by ,vhich it appeared that their ren10ve
\vas in haste, and not ,vithout apprehension.
After the horse had marched ahnost to "r ar,,,ick,
and found the coast clear from the enenlY, they re-
turned to the field to view the dead bodies, nlany
going to inquire after their friends ,vho 'v ere n1iss-
ing, \vhere they found many not yet dead of their
,vounds, but lying stripped aillong the dead; alTIOng
wholn, with others, young 1\lr. Scroop brought offhis
father, sir Gervas Scroop; \vho, being an old gentle-
man of great fortune in Lincolnshire, had raised a
foot C0l11pany among his tenants, and brought then1
into the ead of Lindsey's reginlent, out of devotion
and respect to his lordship, as ,yell as duty to the
king; and had, auout the time that the general ,vas
taken, fallen with sixteen "\
ounds in his hody and
bead; and had lain stripped aillong the dead, froln

p to] }."üt ill :.US.

O
' 'rHE REBELLION. 29.5

that time, \vhich was about three q in the afternoon
on Sunday, all that cold night, all 1\1 on day, and Mon-
day night, and till Tuesday evening, for it ,vas so
late before his son found him; \\
hOln ,,-ith great
piety he carried to a warlll lodging, and afterwards r
to Oxford; where he \vonderfully recovered. The
next morning after, being vVednesday, there was
another gentlelnan, one Bellinghanl, of an ancient
extraction, s and the only son of his father, found
among the dead, and brought off by his friends, \\rith
twenty wounds; who, after ten days, died at Ox-
ford, by the negligence of his surgeons, who left a
wound in his thigh, of itself not dangerous, undis-
cerned, and so by festering destroyed a body very
hopefully recovered of those \vhich were only thought
mortal. The surgeons were of opinion, that both
these gentlelnen owed their lives to the inhun1anity
of those who stripped thein, and to the coldness of
the nights, \vhich stopped their hlood, better than
all their skill and nledicaments could have done;
and that, if they had been brought off within any
reasonable distance of time after their \vounds, they
had undoubtedly perished. ,
On \Vednesday ßlorning, the king drew his army
to a rendezvous, where he found his numbers greater
than he expected; for, in the night after the battle,
very many of the COlllIDon soldiers, out of cold and
hunger, had found their old quarters. So that it
was really believed upon this vie\v, when this little
rest had recovered a strange cheerfulness into all
men, that there were not in that battle lost above

q three] t.hree of the clock
r afterwards] afterwards in
the march

8 extraction,] extraction in
Sussex,

u4

'.

BOOK
VI.

1 G42.

96

THE HISTORY

BOOK three hundred men at t most. There the king de-
VI. clared general Ruthen general of his army in the
1642. place of the earl of Lindsey; and then marched to
Ayno, a little village two miles distant from Ban-
bury, of which his Inajesty that day took a view, and
meant to attempt it the next day follo,ving. There
was at that time in Banbury castle a regiment of
eight hundred foot, and a troop of horse, which, with
spirits proportionable, had been enough to have kept
so strong a place from an arlny better prepared to
have assaulted it, than the Icing's then was, and at
a season of the year 1110re commodious for a siege.
And therefore many were of opinion, that the king
should have marched by it, without taking notice of
it, and that the engaging before it might prove very
prejudicial to him. That which prevailed with hin1
to stay there, besides the courage of his soldiers, ,vho
had again recovered their appetite to action, was
that he could not well resolve whither to go; for till
he was informed what the earl of Essex did, he
kne,v not how to direct his march; and if the enemy
advanced upon him, he could not fight in a place of
more advantage. And therefore, having sent a trum-
pet to summon the castle, and having first taken the
lord Say's house at Broughton, where there was
some show of resistance, and in it a troop of horse,
and some good arms, the cannon were planted
against the castle, and the army dra,vn out before
it; but, upon the first shot made, the castle sent to
treat, and, upon leave to go a,vay without their arlns,
Banbury the y fairl y and kindl y delivered the P lace; and half
castle 5ur-
rendered to the common soldiers at the least readily took condi..
the king.

t at] at the

OF THE REBELLION.
97

tions, and put themselves into the king's army; the
rest of the arms came very seasonably to supply many
soldiers of every regiment, who either never had any
before, or had lost them at the battle.
This last success declared where the victory was
before at Edgehill; for, though the routing of their
horse, the having killed more upon U the place, and
taken more prisoners, the number of the colours won
from the enemy, (which were near forty in number,)
,vithout the loss of above three or four, and lastly
the taking four pieces of their cannon the next
morning after the battle, "rere so many arguments
that the victory inclined to the king: on the other
side, the loss of the general hin1self, and so n1any
men of name either killed or taken prisoners, who
were generally known over the kingdom, (whereas,
besides the lord Saint-John's, and colonel Essex, the
names of the rest of that party were so obscure, that
neither the one side seemed to be gainers by having
taken or killed them, nor the other side to be losers
by being without them,) the having kept the field
last, x were sufficient testimonies at the least that
they were' not overcome. But now the taking of
Banbury, which ,vas the more signal, by the circum-
stances of that part of the army's being, before the
battle, designed for that service, then recalled to the
field, and after that field fought, and the retreat of
the enemy, the readvancing upon it, and taking it,
was so undeniable an argument that the earl of Es-
sex was more broken and scattered than at first he
appeared to be, that the king's army was looked
upon as victorious. A garrison was put into Ban-

U upon] on

x fi
ld last,] iUS. adds: aud taking the spoil of it,

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

1 fi42.

The condi-
tion of the
earl of Es-
sex's army
after the
fight.

98

r.l
IIE I-IISï'OR Y

bury, and the C0111nland thereof comnlittcd to the
earl of Northampton, and then the king lllarched to
his own house at y "T oodstock; and the next day
,,
ith the ,vhole army to Oxford, which was the only
city of England, that he could say ,vas entirely at
his devotion; where he \vas received by the univer-
sity, to "Thorn the integrity and fidelity of that place
is to be ilnputed, \yith all joy and acclanlation. z
The earl of Essex continued still at 'Varwick, re-
pairing his broken regilnents and troops, which every
day lessened and inlpaired; for the nunlber of his
slain men was greater than it ,vas reported to be,
there being very nlany killed in the chase, and many
who died of their "rounds after they \vere carried off,
and, of those, who run a\\ray in the beginning, J110re
stayed a\vay than returned; and, ,vhich was more, a
they \v ho ru n farthest and fastest b told such lalnent-
able stories of the defeat, and many of them she\\Ted
such hurts, that the terror thereof \vas even ready
to make the people revolt to their allegiancp in all
places. l\lany of those \vho had stood their ground,
and behaved themselves well in the battle, either
with remorse of conscience, horror of ,,,,hat they had
done, and seen, or \veariness of the duty and danger,
withdrew thenlselves fronl their colours, and SOB1C
from their comnlands. And it is certain many en-
gaged thenlselves first in that service, out of an
opinion, that an arnlY \voulù procure a peace \vith-
out fighting; others out of a desire to serve the king,
and resolving to go a,vay themselves, and to carry

Y at] to
Z acclamation.] 11/8. adds:
as Apollo should be by the
muses.

R more,] worse,
b tarthest and fastest] fa
tcst
and farthest

OF TIlE REBELI
ION.
99

others with then1, as soon as they should find thell1-
selves within a secure distance to do it; both these
being, contrary to their expectation, brought to fight,
the latter not kno\\Ting ho\v to get to the king's
arnlY in the battle, discharged themselves of the ser-
vice as soon as they came to 'Var\vick; some wi.th
leave, and some ,vithout. But that which no doubt
ll10st troubled his excellency, ,vas the telnper and
constitutions of his ne,v masters; \\yho, he knew, ex-
pected no less froln him than a victory con1plete, by
his bringing the person of the king alive or dead to
then1; and \vould consider ",
hat ,vas now fallen out,
as it ,vas so ll1uch less than they looked for, not as it
was more than any Lody else could have done for
then1. Ho\vever, he gave them a glorious account
of \vhat had passed, and made as if his stay at "Tar_
wick \vere rather to receive new orders and com-
nlands from them, than out of any ,veakness or ina-
bility to pursue the old, and that he attended the
kiug's nlotion as \vell as if he had been ,vithin seven
miles of hin1.
It is certain the consternation \vas very great at
London, and in the two houses, frol11 the tinle that
they heard, that the king marched fron1 Shre\vsbury
with a formed arlllY, and that he was resolved to
fight, as soon as he could llleet ,vith theirs. C Ho"r-
ever, they endeavoured to keep up confidently the
ridiculous opinion among the COlnnlon people, that
the king did not cOlnmand, but ,vas carried about in
that army of the cavaliers, and ,vas desirous to
escape from them; which they hoped the earl of
Essex would give hin1 opportunity to do. The first

c theirs.] their army.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

300

THE HIS'rORY

news they heard of the army's being engaged, was
by those who fled upon the first charge; who made
marvellous haste from the place of danger, and
thought not themselves safe, till they \vere gotten
out of any possible distance of being pursued. I t is
certain, though it ,vas past t\VO of the clock before
the battle begun, many of the soldiers, and son1e
commanders of no mean nalne, were at St. Alban's,
\vhich was near thirty miles from the field, before it
was dark. These men, as all runaways do for their
own excuse, reported all for lost, and the king's
army to be so terrible, that it could not be encoun-
tered. Some of them, that they might not be
thought to come away before there was cause, or
whilst there was any hope, reported the progress of
the battle, and presented all those latnentable things,
and the circumstances by which every part of the
army was defeated, ,vhich their terrified fancies had
suggested to them ,vhilst they run away; SOll1e had
seen the earl of Essex slain, and heard his dying
words; "That everyone should shift for hin1self,
" for all resistance was to no purpose:" so that the
whole city ,vas, the l\londay, full of the defeat; and
though there ,vas an express, from the earl of Es-
sex himself, of the contrary, there was not courage
enough left to believe it, and every hour produced
somewhat to contradict the reports of the last.
Monday in the afternoon, the earl of Holland pro-
duced a letter in the house of peers, ,vhich was
written the night before by the earl of Essex, in
which all particulars of the day were set do\vn, and
" the impression which had d in the beginning been

d which had) that had

OF THE REBELLION. 301

" made upon his horse, but that the conclusion was
"prosperous." \Vhilst this was reading, and every
man greedily digesting the good ne'\vs, the lord Hast-
ings, '\vho had a cOJnmand of horse in the service,
entered the house '\vith frighted and ghastly looks,
and positively declared " all to be Jost, against '\vhat-
" soever they believed or flattered themselves '\vith."
And though it was evident enough that he had run
away from the beginning, and only lost his '\vay
thither, most men looked upon hin1 as the last mes-
senger, and even shut their ears against any possible
comfort; so that '\vithout doubt very many, in the
horror and consternation of eight and forty hours,
paid and underwent a full penance and mortifica-
tion for the hopes and insolence of three months be-
fore. At the last, on Wednesday morning, the lord
Wharton, and Mr. vVilliam Strode, the one a mem-
ber of the house of lords, the other of the commons,
arrived from the army, and made so full a relation of
the battle, " of the great numbers slain on the king's
" part, without any considerable loss on their side,
" of the miserable and ,veak condition the king's
" army was in, and of the earl of Essex's resolution
" to pursue hinl," that they '\vere not no'\v content to
be savers, but voted "that their army had the vic-
" tory;" and appointed a day for a solemn thanks-
giving to God for the same; and, that so great a
joy might not be enjoyed only '\vithin those walls,
they appointed those t\VO trusty messengers to conl-
municate the whole relation with all circumstaÌlces
to the city; which was convened together at the
guildhall to receive the same. But by this tinle, so
many persons, who were present at the action, came
to the town of both sides, (for there was yet a free

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

J 642.

gO

T I I E II I S '.r 0 R \YO

intercourse with aU quarters,) and SOlne discourses
,vere published, ho\v little either of these t\VO mes-
sengers had seen themselves of that day's business,
that the city seemed not so 111uch exalted at their
relations, as the houses had been; e the king's taking
Banbury, and nlarching after\\?ards to Oxford, and
the reports from those partsf of his po\ver, \vith the
earl of Essex's lying still at 'Var\vick, gave great
argn111ent of discourse; \\Thich gre\v the greater by
the comnlitment of several persons, for reporting,
" that the king had the Letter of the field;" ,vhich
men thought ,vould not have heen, if the success had
been contrary; and therefore there \vas nothing so
general1y spoken of, or wished for, as peace.
They who were really wellg affected to the king,
and from the beginning opposed all the extrava-
gances, for of such there \vere n1any in hoth houses,
,vho could not yet find in their hearts to leave the
C0111pany, spake no\v aloud, "that an hun1ble ad-
" dress to the king for the renloval of all misunder-
" standings, ,vas both in duty necessary, and in po-
" licy convenient." The half-hearted and half-\vitted
people, which made ll1uch the major part of both
houses, plainly discerned there must be a ,val', and
that the king at least \vould be able to Jnake resist-
ance, ",'hich they had been promised he could not
do, and so \vere equally passionate to make any
overtures for accomn10dation. They only who had
contrived the mischief, and already had digested a
full change and a]teration of government, and knc\v
,veIl, that all their arts would be discovered, and
their persons odious, though they might be secured,

(' beeu ;] done;

f parts] quarters

g well] Not in l
JJ'.

OF 1'I-IE ItEnELL ION. 303

violently opposed all 1110tions of this kind. These
men pressed earnes.tly "to send an express to their
" brethren of Scotland, to invite and conjure them
" to come to their assistance, and to leave no ,yay
" unthought of for suppressing, and totally destroy-
" ing, all those ,vho had presull1ed t.o side \vith the
"king." This overture of calling the Scots in again
,vas as unpopular a thing, as could he mentioned;
besides that it Ì1nplied a great and absolute diffi-
dence in their own strength, and an ackno\yledg-
ment that the people of England stood not so ge-
nerally affected to their desires, which they had hi-
therto published, and urged, as the best argulllent
to justify those desires. Therefore the ,vise ma-
nagers of that party, by whose conduct they had
been principally governed, seemed fully to concur
,vith those who desired peace, " and to send an
" humble address to the king, which they confessed
" to be due fron1 them as subjects, and the only way
" to procure happiness for the kingdoñl." And hav-
ing hereby rendered thenlselves gracious, and gained
credit, they advised thelll "so to endeavour peace,
" that they might not he disappointed of it," and
wished then1 "to consider that the king's party
" were high upon the success of having an arnlY,
" (of which they had reasonably before despaired,)
"though not upon any thing that ar111Y had Jet
"done. That it was apparent, the king' had mi-
" nisters stirring for hÍ1n in the north, and in the
" west, though hitherto "",-ith little effect; and there-
" fore if they should make such an application for
" peace, as lllight inlply the giving oyer the thoughts
" of war, they Iflust expect such a peace, as the
" mercy of those \VhOll1 they had provoked would

BOOK
VI.

I G42.

304

THE HISTOR Y

BOO K "consent to. But if they would steadily pursue
VI. " those counsels as ,vould make their strength for-
1642. "midable, they Inight then expect such moderate
" conditions, as they 111ight, ,vith their o\vn, and the
" kingdoln's safety, securely submit to. That there-
" fore the proposition of sending into Scotland was
" very seasonable; not that it could be hoped, or
" was desired, that they should bring an army into
" England, of which there was not like to be any
" need; but that that kingdoln might make such a
" declaration of tbeir affections, and readiness to as-
" sist the parliament, that the king might look upon
" them with the more consideration, as a body not
" easily to be oppressed, if he should insist upon too
" high conditions."
By this artifice, whilst they who pressed a treaty
thought, that, that being once consented to, a peace
would inevitably be concluded, the same day that a
comnlittee was appointed, " to prepare heads of an
"huillble address unto his majesty, for composing
" the present differences and distractions, and settling
"the peace of the kingdom," (,vhich was a great
condescension,) they made no scruple to declare,
" that the preparations of forces, and all other ne.
" cessary means for defence, should be prosecuted
"with all vigour;" and thereupon required "all
" those officers and soldiers, ,vho had left their ge-
" neral, of which the to,vn was then full, upon pain
" of death, to return to hin} ;" and, for his better
recruit, solelnnly declared, " that, in such times of
" common danger and necessity, the interest of pri-
" vate persons ought to give way to the public; and
Appren- "therefore they ordained, that such apprentices, as
:

/

t- " would be listed to serve as soldiers, for the defence

OF THE REBELLION.

305

" of the kingdom, the parlialTIent, and city, (with BOO K
" their other usual expressions of religion, and the VI.
"king's person,) their sureties, and such as stood 1
42.
. . parlIament
" engaged for then1, should be secured agaInst theIr to take
" Inasters; and that their masters should receive arms.
" them again, at the end of their service, without
" imputing any loss of time to them, but the same
"should be reckoned as well spent, according to
" their indentures, as if they had been still in their
"shops." And by this means many children 'v ere
engaged in that service, not only against the consent,
but against the persons, of their fathers, and the earl
received a notable supply thereby.
Then, in return h for their consent that a formal
and perfunctory message should be sent to his ma-
jesty, whereby they thought a treaty would be en- ·
tered upon, they procured at the same time, and as
an expedient for peace, this material and full decla-
ration of both houses to the subjects of Scotland,
which they caused with all expedition to be sent
into that kingdoln.
" '\T e the lords i and commons, assembled in the The two
Ii f E I d . d .. · houses'ts-
"par ament 0 ng an , consl erlng WIth ,vhat WIS- claration to
" d d bl ' ffi . b h f h k . the subject!l
oIn, an pu IC a ectlon, our ret ren 0 t e
lng- of Scotland.
" dOlu of Scotland did concur with the endeavours
" of this parliament, and the desires of tIle whole
" kingdom, in procuring and establishing a firln peace
" and amity between the two nations, and how lov-
" ingly they have since invited us to a nearer and
" higher degree of union in matters concerning reli-
" gion and church-government, ,vhich we have 1110st

h in return] Not in MS. writing of lord Clarendon's a-
i \Ve the lords] In the hand- man-uenSlS.
YOLo III. X

BOOK
VI.

1642.

306

TI-IE HISTOH.Y

" \villingly and affectionately enlbraced, and intend
"to pursue, cannot doubt but they will, with as
"much for\vardness and affection, concùr ,vith us
" in settling peace in this kingdom, and preserving
"it in their o,vn; that so "re lnay mutually reap
h the benefit of that amity and alliance, so happily
" Inade, and strongly confirlned betwixt the t\yO na-
"tions. "Therefore, as \ve did about a year since,
" in the first appearance of trouble then beginning
" among them, actually declare, that, in our sen:se
" and apprehension of the national alliance betwixt
" us, we were thereby bound to apply the authority
" of parliament, and power of this kingdom, to the
" preservation and ll1aintenance of their peace: and,
" seeing no\v that the troubles of this kingdom are
" grown to a greater height, and the subtle practices
" of the common enemies k of the religion and li-
" berty of both nations do appear with more evident
"strength and danger than they did at that time,
" we hold it necessary to declare, that, in our judg-
" ment, the same obligation lies upon our brethren,
"by the aforen1entioned act, with the power and
"force of that kingdonl, to assist us in repressing
" those among us, who are no,v in arlTIS, and make
" war, not only \\
ithout consent of parliament, but
" even against the parliament, and for the destruc-
" tion thereof.
" 'Vherefore we have thought good to nlake
" known unto our brethren, that his majesty hath
"given commission to divers eminent and known
" papists, to raise forces, and to compose an army
"in the north, and other parts of this kingdom,

Ie enemies] encmy

OF THE REBELLION.

307

" which is to join \vith divers foreign forces, intend-
" ed to be transported from beyond the seas, for the
" destruction of this parliament, and of the religion
" and liberty of the kingdom: and that the princi-
" pal part of the clergy and their adherents have
" likewise invited his majesty to raise another army,
" \vhich, in his own person, he doth condl\ct against
" the parliament, and the city of London, plunder-
" ing and robbing sundry ,veIl affected towns within
" their power; and, in prosecution of their malice,
" they were l so presumptuous, and predominant of
" his majesty's resolutions, that they forbear not
" those outrages in places to "Thich his majesty hath
" given his royal word and protection; a great cause
" and incentive of which malice proceeds from the
" design they have to hinder the refornlation of ec-
" clesiastical government in this kingdom, so much
" longed for by all the true lovers of the protestant
" religion.
" And hereupon we farther desire our brethren of
" the nation of Scotland, to raise such forces as they
" shall think sufficient for securing the peace of their
" own borders, against the ill affected persons there,
" as likewise to assist us in suppressing the arnlY of
" papists and foreigners; "Thich, as we expect, will
" shortly be on foot here, and, if they be not timely
" prevented, may prove as mischievous and destruc-
" tive to that kingdom, as to ourselves. And though
"we seek nothing from his majesty that may di-
" minish his just authority, or honour, and have, by
" many humble petitions, endeavoured to put an
" end to this unnatural war and conlbustion in the

1 they were] t}ley are
x2

BOOK
VI.

1 fi42.

S08

TH:ß I-IISTORY

BOO K "kingdom, and to procure his majesty's protection,
VI. " and security for our religion, liberty, and persons,
1642. "(accoròillg to that great trust ,vhich his 11lajesty is
" bound to by the la,vs of the land,) and shall still
" continue to renew our petitions in that kind; yet,
" to our great grief, we see the papistical and 111a-
" lignant council so prevalent ,vith his majesty, and
"his person so engaged to their power, that \ve
" have little hope of better success of our petitions
" than we forlllerly had; and are thereby necessi-
" tated to stand upon our just defence, and to seek
" this speedy and powerful assistance of our bre-
" thren of Scotland, according to that act agreed
"upon in the parliament of both kingdoms, the
" COlTIlTIOn duty of Christianity, and the particular
" interests of their own kingdom: to \vhich we hope
" God will give such a blessing, that it n1ay produce
"the preservation of religion, the honour, safety,
" and peace of his majesty, and all his subjects, and
" a more strict conj unction of the counsels, designs,
" and endeavours of both nations, for the conlfort
" and relief of the refornled churches beyond sea."
The condi- I t will not be here unseasonaLle m to take some
tion and
inclina- short survey of the affections and inclinations of
tions of the S 1 d h d . d ]1 d . . h f.
kingdom cf cot an ; t e or erlng an \ve lsposlng \v ereo,
ScotJand at either side sufficien tI y understood \"ould be of mo-
. that tlllie. '
ment, and extraordinary importance in the growing
contention. Fron} the time of the king's being last
there, when he had so fully conlplied ,vith all they
had desired, both for the public government, and

m unseasonab1eJ MS. adds: disposition of that time, and
ha\.ing, according to my weak the particular state of aflàirs in
abilities and observation, de- the several parts of the king-
scribed the general temper and dom, to take, &c.

OF THE REBELLION. 309

their private advancements, that kingdol11 within
itself enjoyed as much quiet and tranquil1ity as they
could desire; having the convenience of disburden-
ing themselves of their late army into Ireland, ,vhi-
ther their old general Leslie, then made earl of Le-
ven, was enlployed in his full command by the king
anù the two houses, at the charge of England. So
that lnany believed they had been so abundantly sa-
tisfied with ,vhat they had already gotten fron1 Eng-
land, that they had no farther projects upon this
kingdonl, but meant to make their fortunes by a
new conquest in Ireland, where they had a very
great part of the province of Ulster planted by their
o,vn nation. So that, according to their rules of
good husbandry, they lllight expect ,vhatsoever they
got from the rebels to keep for themselves. And
the king himself was so confident that the affections
of that people could not be son corrupted towards
hinl, as to lnake a farther attempt upon him, that he
believed them, to a degree, sensible of their former
breach of duty, and willing to repair it by any ser-
vice. Leslie himself had Blade great acknowledg-
ments, and great professions to him, and had told
hinl, " That it ,vas nothing to prolnise him, that he
" would never more bear arnlS against him; but he
"pro111ised he ,vould serve his majesty upon any
"snnlnlons, without asking tbe cause." The earl
of Lowden, and all the rest, who had misled the
people, \vere possessed of whatsoever they could de-
sir
, and the future fortune of that nation seenled
to depenù wholly upon the keeping up the king's full
power in this.

n so] Not in JJ.-lS.
x8

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
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1 G42.

310

rrHE I-IISTORY

His majesty had, fron1 tinle to time, given his
council of that kingdom full relations of all his dif-
ferences with his parliament,O and had careful1y sent
them the declarations, and public passages of both
sides; and they had al,vays returned very anlple
expressions of their affections and duty, and ex-
pressed a great sense of the parliament's proceed-
ings towards hill1. And since the tinle of his being
at ì T ork, the lord chancellor of Scotland, in ,vhose
integrity and loyalty he ,vas least secure, had been
,vith him; and seemed so ,veIl satisfied with the jus-
tice and honour of his 111ajesty's carriage to,vards
the parliament, that he writ to the Scottish comnlis-
sioners at London, in the name, and as by the di-
rection of the lords of the secret council of that
kingdonl, "that they should present to the two
" houses the deep sense they had of the injuries and
" indignities, which were offered to the king, ,vhose
" just rights they ,vere bound to defend; and that
" they should conjure them to bind up those wounds
" which were nlade, and not to ,viden then1 by sharp-
"ness of language; and to give his Inajesty such
" real security for his safety among thenl, by an ef-
"fectual declaring against tumults, and such other
" actions as were justly offensive to his majesty, that
" he migllt be induced to reside nearer to theIn, and
" comply \vith them in such propositions as should
" be reasonably made;" with nlany such expressions,
as together ,vith his return into Scotland without
coming to London, \\' here he ,vas expected, gave
thelll gO much offence and jealousy, that they never
comnlunicated that letter to the houses, and took all
possible care to conceal it froll1 the people.
o his parliament,] the parliament,

OF THE REBELLION. 311

The marquis Hamilton had been likewise with his
Inajesty at York, and finding the eyes of a11 men di-
rected towards hinl with more than ordinary jea-
lousy, he offered the king to go into ScotI
nd, with
Inany assurances and undertakings, confident, " that
" he would at least keep that people from doing any
"thing, that might seem to countenance the car-
"riage of the parliament." Upon which promises,
and to be rid of him at York, ,\\T here he ,vas by all
men looked upon with marvellous prejudice, the
king suffered him to go, with full assurance that he
would, and he was sure he could, do him very good
service there : as, on the other side, in his own court
he was so great an offence, that the whole gentry of
Yorkshire, who no doubt had infusions to that pur-
pose from others, had a design to have petitioned
the king, that the nlarquis might be sequestered
from all councils, and presence at court, as a man
too nluch trusted by theln who would not trust his
majesty.
Lastly, the king had many of the nobility of Scot-
land then attending,P and alllong those the earl of
Calander, who had been lieutenant-general of the
Scottish II army, ,vhen it invaded England, and had
freely confessed to his majesty, upon what errors
and 111istakes he had been corrupted, and by wholn,
and pretended so deep a sense of ,vhat he had done
amiss, that it ,vas believed he would have taken
conlmand in the king's army; ,vhich he declined, as
if it might have been penal to hinl in Scotland by
son1e clause in the act of the pacification, but espe-
cially ul)on pretence it ,vould disable him from doing

P attending,] attending him, q Scottish] Scotch
x4

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

512

TIlE HIS'rORY

hitn greater service in that kingdom: whither, short-
ly after the standard \vas set up, he repaired, with
all so]elnn vows of asserting and improving his ma-
jesty's interest in those parts.
The parlialnent on the other hand assured them-
selves, that that nation was entirely theirs, having
their cOlnmissioners residing \vith theln at London;
and the chief managers and governors in the first
war r , by their late intercourse, and conlmunication
of guilt, having a firnl correspondence l\'"ith the n1ar-
quis of Argyle, the earl of Lo\vden, and that party,
who, being not able to excuseS thelnselves, thought
the king could never in his heart forgive them, when
it should be in his power to bring them to justice.
And they undertook that \vhen there should be need
of that nation, (which the other thought there would
never be,) they should be as fOi
ward to second them
as they had been; in the mean tin1e returned as fair
and respective answers to all their messages, and
upon their declarations, which \vere constantly sent
to them, as they did to the king; assisting them in
their design against the church, which was not yet
grown popular, even in the t\\,.o houses, by declaring
" that the people of that nation could never be en-
" gaged on any other ground, than the reformation
" of religion." And therefore, about the beginning
of August, the assen1bly of the kirk of Scotland
published a declaration; " how exceedingly grieved
" they \vere, and made heavy, that in so long a time,
" against the professions both of king and parlia-
" n1ent, and contrary to the joint desires and prayers
" of the godly in both kingdonls, to whonl it "'"as

r war] Omitted in 1.11S.

I cM'use] forgive

OF THE REBELLIO:N. 313

" more dear and precious than what was dearest to
" them in the world, the reformation of religion had
" moved so slo\vly, and suffered so great interrup-
" tion."
The ground of \vhich reproach was this: in the
Jate treaty of peace, the cOlnlnissioners for Scotland
had expressed a desire or \vish warily couched in
words, rather than a proposition, " that there ,vere
" such an unity of religion, and uniformity of church-
" government agreed on, as lnight be a special llleans
"for conserving of peace betwixt the t\VO king-
" dOlns :" to which there had been a general inclina-
tion to return a rough ans\ver, and reproof for their
intermeddling in any thing that related to the laws
of England. But, by the extraordinary industry and
subtlety of those, who saw that husiness ,vas not yet
ripe, and who alleged, that it ,vas only wished, not
proposed, and therefore that a sharp reply was not
merited, this gentle answer, against the minds of
very many, \vas returned:
" That his majesty, with the advice of both houses
" of parlialnent, did approve of the affection of his
" subjects of Scotland, in their desire of having con-
"formity of church-government between the t,vo
" nations; and as the parliament had already taken
"into consideration the reformation of church-go-
" vernment, so they would proceed therein in due
" time, as should best conduce to tIle glory of God,
" the peace of the church, and of both kingdoms."
Which "Tas consented to by most, as a civil an-
swer, signifying, or concluding nothing; by others,
because it adlnitted an interpretation of reducing
the government of the church in Scotland to this
of England, as much as the contrary. But it might

BOOK
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I G42.

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314

THE HIS TO It Y

have been \vell discerned, that those 11len asked no..
thing ,vithout a farther design than the words na-
turally imported, nor ever rested satisfied with a
general formal ans\","cr, except they" found, that they
should hereafter n1ake use, and receive benefit by
such answer. So they no\v urged the Inatter of this
ans\ver, as a sufficient title to demand the extirpa-
tion of prelacy in England, and demolishing the
\vhole fabric of that glorious church; urging his ßla-
jesty's late practice, while he \vas t in person in Scot-
land, in resorting frequently to their exercises of
pu blic worship; and his royal actions, in establish-
ing the \vorship and governillent of that kirk in par-
liament. And therefore they desired the parliament
"to begin their work of reformation at the unifor-
" mity of kirk-government; for that there could be
" no hope of unity in religion, of one confession of
" faith, one forlll of ,vorship, and one catechisll1, till
" there were first one forn1 of church-government;
" and that the kingdon1, and kirk of Scotland, could
" have no hope of a firn1 and durable peace, till
" prelacy, which had been the main cause of their
" miseries and troubles, first and last, were pluck-
"ed up root and branch, as a plant \\
hich God
" had not planted, and fron1 which no Letter fruits
" could be expected, than such sour grapes, as at
" that day set on edge the kingdoln of England."
\Vhich declaration the lords of the secret council,
finding, as they said, "the reasons therein expressed
"to be very pregnant, and the particulars desired,
" Inuch to conduce to the glory of God, the advance-
" ment of the true Christian faith, his Inajesty's ho-

t was] Omitted irl MS.

OF THE REBELLIO
.

315

" nour, and the peace and union of his dOlninions,"
,veIl approved of; and concurred in then" earnest de-
sires to the t\VO houses of parliament, "to take to
" their serious considerations those particulars, and
" to give favourable hearing to such desires and over-
" tures, as should be found most conducible to the
" }Jromoting so great and so good a work."
This being sent to the parliall1ent at the time
they were forining their army, and "Then the king
was preparing for his defence, they who, from the
beginning, had principally intended this confusion
of the church, insinuated "ho\v necessary it ,vas,
" speedily to return a very affectionate and satisfac-
" tory reply to the kingdom of Scotland; not only
" to preserve the reputation of unity and consent
" bet\veen theIn, \v hich, at that time, was very use-
"ful to them, but to hinder the operations of the
" disaffected in that kingdom; ,vho, upon infusions
"that the parlian1ent only aill1ed at taking his ma-
" jesty's regal rights froDl him, to the prejudice of
" nlollarchiqne government, without any thought of
" reforuling religion, endeavoured to peryert the af-
"fections of that people towards the parliament.
""Thereas, if they \vere once assured there ,vas a
" purpose to reform religion, they should be sure to
" have their hearts; and, if occasion required, their
" hands too; which possibly nlight be seduced for
"the king, if that purpose were not lllanifested.
" Therefore, for the present, they should do ,veIl to
" return their hearty thanks for, and their brotherly
" acceptance and approbation of the desires and ad-
"vice of that Christian assembly, and of the l
n'ds
" of the council; and that though, for the present,
" by reason of the king's distance frolll the IJarlia-

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

316

'rI-IE HIS'rORY

" ment, they could not settle any conclusion in that
" matter, yet u for their parts they \vere resolved to
" endeavour it."
By this artifice and invention, they procured a
declaration from the t\VO houses of parliament, of
\vonderful kindness, and confession of many incon-
veniences and mischiefs the kingdo111 had sustained
by bishops; and therefore they declared, "that that
"hierarchical government \vas evil, and justly of-
" fensive, and burdensoille to the kingdom; a great
"Í111pediment to refcrillation and gro\\rth of reli-
" gion; very prejudicial to the state and govern-
" ment of the kingdolll; and that they were re-
" solved, that the same should be taken a\vay; and
" that their })urpose was to consult with godly and
" learned divines, that they 111ight not only remove
" that, but settle such a government, as Inight be
"most agreeable to God's holy \vord; lTIOst apt to
" procure and conserve the peace of the church at
" home, and happy union with the church of Scot-
" land, and other reforlned churches abroad; and to
" estahlish the same by a Ia\v, which they intended
" to frame for that purpose, to be presented to his
" ßlajesty for his royal assent; and in the 111ean
" time to beseech him, that a bill for the assembly
" might be passed in tiu1e convenient for their meet-
" ing;" the two houses having extra-judicially and
extravagantly nominated their o\vn divines to that
purpose, as is before remembered.
It was then believed by many, and the king was
persuaded to believe the same, that all those inlpor-
tunities from Scotland concerning the governlllent

u yet] that

OF THE REBELLION. 317

of the church ,vere used only to preserve themselves BOOK
VI.
from being pressed by the parliament, to join ,vith
them against the king; imagining that this king- 1642.
dom would never have consented to such an altera-
tion; and they again pretending, that no other ob-
ligation could uni-[e that people in their service.
But it is most certain, this last declaration ,vas pro-
cured by persuading men, "that it was for the pre-
" sent necessary, and that it was only an engage-
"ment to do their best to persuade his majesty,
",vho they concluded would be inexorable in the
" point," (,vhich they seenleù not to be sorry for,)
" and that a receding fron1 such a conclusion would
"be a means to gratify his majesty in a treaty."
At worst, they all kne,v, that there ,vould be room
enough, when any bill should be brought in, to op-
pose \vhat they had, for this reason of sta!e, seemed
generally to consent to. And so by these strata-
gems, thinking to be too hard for each other, they
grew all so entangled, that they still wound theln-
selves deeper into those labyrinths, in "rhich the
major part meant not to be involved. And what
effect that declaration of the t,vo houses, after the
battle of Edge-hill, ,vhich is mentioned before,
wrought, will very shortly appear.
The king x found himself in good ease at Oxford, Tht:' king
h k L!: . d ..e. h · k d at Oxford
were care was ta en lor provi lng lor t e SIC an recruits his
wounded soJdi
rs, and for the accomn10dation of the army.
army, which was, in a short time, recruited there in
a good measure; and the several colleges presented
his majesty ,vith all the money they had in their

x The king] Originally in monstrations of joy a
could be
1JlS. B.: He was receÏ\'ed there expected from the affection of
(vi%. Orford) with all the de- so loyal a university.

318

TIlE HI S'rOlt \or

BOOK treasuries, which amounted to a good sum, and \vas
VI. a very seasonable supply, as they had forlnerly sent
1642. hÏ1n all their plate. It had been very happy, if the
king had continued his resolution of sitting still
during the ,,"inter, without making farther at-
tempts; for his reputation was now great, and his
arlny believed to be much greater than it was, by
the victory they had obtained, and the parliament
grew more divided into factions, and dislike of \vhat
they had done, and the city appeared fuller of dis-
content, and less inclined to be imposed upon, than
they had been: so that on all hands nothing \vas
pressed, but that some address might be made to
the king for an acconlmodation; \vhich ten1per and
disposition might have been cultivated, as many
men thought, to great effects, if no farther ap-
proaches had been made to London, to she\v them
how little cause they had for their great fear. But
the weather gro\ving fair again, as it often is about
Allhollantide, and a good party of horse having been
sent out from Abingdon, where the head quarter of
the horse was, they advanced farther than they had
order to do, and upon their approach to Reading,
where Harry 1\1artin was governor for the parlia-
ment, there was a great terror seized upon thenl,
The garri- insoll1uch as governor and garrison fled to London,
son of the .
parliament and left the place to the party of horse; \v hlch gave
at Reading d . h k . " h t II fI d b f

quitting it, a vertIsement to t e
lng, t a a e e ore
the king "theln. that the earl of Essex remained still at
marches '
thither. " 'Var\\7ick, having no army to Inarch; and that
" there were so great divisions in the parlian1ent,
" that, upon his nlajesty's approach, they would all
" fIy; and that nothing could interrupt him froln
" going to "Thitehall. Ho\vever, Reading itself ,vas

OF THE REnI
I
I.JIO
.

519

" so good a post, that if the king should find it ne-
" cessary to 11lake his own residence in Oxford, it
" would be 111uch the better by having a garrison at
" Reading."
Upon these and other motives, besides the na-
tural credulity in n1en, in believing all they ,vish to
be true, the king "ras prevailed with to march ,vith
his army to Reading. Y This alarm quickly came

Y with his army to Reading.]
Thus continued in
IS. B.: but
could not overtake his horse j
which was
till before, and his
luajesty followed to Colebrooke j
whitht:r a message frOln the
uarliament was seot to him, to
desire him to advance no far-
ther, before they sent persons
to treat with him; which thev
were ready to do. A nd he did
return sueh an answer as made
them belie,.e that lle would ex.-
pect them there, without nlOV-
iug nearer towards London.
Anrl if he had then
toppecl any
farther advanee, and himself
upon that address retired to his
castle at 'Vindsor, it would
l1ave been delh.ered to him, by
the order of the parliament,
which had then some troops in
it: and being possessed of so
considerable a place, the treaty
would ,-ery probably ha\ e been
concluded with good SllCCt'SS.
But the fate of that poor king-
dom contradicted that blessing.
All things were in a hurry, and
the horse still engaged the king
to follow, so that he advanced
with the whole army to Brent-
ford, and cut off some regi-
ments of foot, which the earl
of Essex had sent thither, him-
self being the night bet(}re l'n-

tered London. It w
s nowevi-
dent to all men, that th
re had
[been) great oversight in mak-
ing so great haste; all thoughts
of treaty were dashed; they who
most d
sired it, did not desire
to be in the king's mercy; and
they now believed, by his ma-
jesty's making so much haste
towards them, after their offer
of a treaty, that he meant to
have surp;ised and taken vt;u-
geance of them without dis-
tinction. All people prepared
for a vigorous defence; and, be-
side the em"} of Essex's army,
all the city and nobility thåt
remained there marched out
,,'ith him to Hounslow IIeath,
with all things proportionable,
or that could be of llse or con-
venience to so numerous an ar-
my. '''here they quickly had a
view of the whole miserable
forces which had given them
that alarum, which they fonnd
cause enough to despise, and so
recovered easily their own cou-
rage. And the king found it
necessary, after he had rested
one night at Hampton court, to
make a hast\' retreat to Read-
ing; where he left a garrison of
about three thousand men Ull-
der the command of sir Arthur
Aston, who undertook to fortify

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
Y1.

] 642.

3
O

THE HISTORi

to London, Z and "ras received ,vith the deepest hor-
ror: they now un believed all ,vhich had been told
then1 Fronl their o,vn army; that arn1Y, ,vhich, they
,vere told, "ras well beaten and scattered, ,vas now

it: and having likewise left co-
lonel Blake with his regiment
to fortity \\' allingford castle, his
lu(
esty, towards the end of N 0-
vembel', returned to Oxford, un-
satisfied with the progress he
had made, which had likewise
raised much faction and discon-
tent amongst the officers, every
man imputing the oversights
which had been committed, to
the rashness and presumption
of others; and prince Rupert,
in the march, contracted an ir-
reconcilable prejudice to \Vil-
mot, who was then lieutenant-
general of the horse, and was
not fast in the king's favour.
As soon as the king returned
to Oxford, his first care was to
publish such declarations and
prodamations as might best
compose the minds of the peo-
ple, by assuring theln of the
king's impatient desire of peace,
which his hasty march frolll
Colebrooke to Brentford, after
the receipt of the parliament
message, had made much
doubted, and the managers there
lost no time in the improving
those jealousies; and therefore
his majesty caused a declaration
to be published concerning that
affair, and the ground of his
advancement to Brentford;
which declaration was prepared
by the lord i"alkland, through
whose hands that address, and
the answer to it, had passed.
'fhat declaration, and the an-
swer to the nineteen proposi-

tions, which is mentioned be-
fore, were the two only declara-
tions of the king's which were
not prepared and drawn up by
1\11'. Hyde, who at that time
was busy in other things, as
drawing l)roclamations, and
other declarations and writings,
by which the king thought his
service to be much advanced.
z This alarm quickly came
to London,] The account of
this alarm is thus briefly giren
in lJtlS. C. The fame of the
great distractions at London,
and the a(h,ices from unskilful
persons thence, who believed
that the appearance of his ma-
jesty with his forces near Lon-
don would so terrify the disaf-
fected, and gi\-'e such life and
courage to those who wished
well to him, that the gates
would be open to him, pre.
vailed with his majesty, when
all armies used to betake them-
selves to their winter quarters,
to lead his again into the field;
and therefore having rested
himself at Oxford only three
da\"s, he marched towards Read-
ing, prince Rupert with his
horse and dragoons having so
frighted that garrison, (for there
was a garrison planted in it by
the parliament,) that the chief
officers, upon the fame of his
coming, fled, that the to\vn
willingly received the king's
forces, and delivered all their
arms and ammunition to his
disposal. This alarum, &c.

OF Tl-IE REBELLION. SÇll

advanced within thirty miles of London; and the
earl of Essex, who pretended to the victory, and
who they supposed was
atching the king, that he
might not escape from hilll, could not be heard of,
and continued still at 'Varwick. 'Vhilst the king
was at Nottinghalll, and Shrewsbury, they gave or-
ders magisterially for the war: but now it was
come to their own doòrs, they took not that delight
in it.
Before they were resolved what to say, they des-
patched a nlessenger, who found the king at Read-
ing, only to desire "a safe conduct from his ma

" jesty for a cOlllmittee of lords and commons, to
" attend his majesty ,vith an humble petition from
"his parlialllent." The king presently returned
his - ans,ver, "that he had always been, and was
"still, ready to receive any petition from them;
" that their cOlllmittee should be welcolne, provided
" it consisted of persons, who had not been by name
" declared traitors by his majesty, and excepted as
" such in his declarations or proclalllations." The
cause of this limitation was as well the former rule
his majesty had set down at Shrewsbury, (from
whence he thought not fit now to recede, after a
battle,) as that he might prevent the lord Say's be-
ing sent to him, froln ,vhom he could expect no en-
tire and upright dealing.
The next day another letter came from the
speaker of the house of peers to the lord Falkland,
one of his majesty's principal secretaries, to desire
" a safe conduct for the earls of Northumberland
" and Pen1broke, and four menlbers of the house of
" commons, to attend his majesty with their peti-
" tion;" which safe conduct was immediately signed
VOL. III. Y

BOOK
VI.
1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

322

TIlE HIS1.'ORY

hy his Inajesty, excepting only for sir John Evelyn.
\'" ho ,vas by nanle excepted in his majesty's pro-

IaIllation of pardon to the county of 'Vilts; "Thich
proclanlation "ras then sent to them ,vith a signifi-
cation, " that if they \vould send any other person
" in his place, not subject to the saIne exception, he
" should be received as if his nalne 'v ere in the saff'
"conduct." Though this ,vas no nlore than thp}'"
had cause to look for, yet it gave thell1 opportunity
for a tiIlle to lay aside the thought of petitioning,
as if his nlajesty had rejected an overtutes of peace:
" :For he Blight every day proclaim as ulany of their
" nlenlbers traitors, and except thenl from pardon,
" as he pleased; and therefore it was to no purpose
" to prepare petitions, and appoint messengers to
" present them, \\Then it was possible those Inessen-
" gel's might, the hour before, be proclainled trai-
" tors: that to subn1Ît to such a limitation of the
" king's was, upon the nlatter, to consent to and
" approve the highest breach of privilege, that had
" been yet offered to thern."
So that, for some days, all discourse of peace ,vas
waved, and all possible preparations for defence and
resistance nlade; for which they had a stronger ar-
gument than either of the other, the advancing of
their general, the earl of Essex, who was now on
his march towards London; and a great fame came
before him of the strength and courage of his arIl1Y;
though in truth it was not answerable to the re-
port: however, it served to encourage and inflallle
those whose fear only inclined them to peace, and
to awe the rest. The king, who had every night
an account of ,,,,,hat ,vas transacted in the houses all
day, (what the close committee did, who guided all

Ol
TIlE REBELLIOX.

g

3

private designs, ,vas not so soon kno,vn,) resolved to BOOK
quicken then1; and advanced with his whole ariny VI.
to Colebrook. This indeed exalted their appetite 1642.
The ki ng
to peace; for the clamour of the people was impor- advances to
. Colebrook.
tunate, and some\\
hat hunlbled theIr style; for at
Colebrook, the 11 th of N ovem bel', his nlajesty ,,"as
met by the two earls of Northulllberland and Pem-
broke, \vith those three of the house of COlnmons
whose names were in the safe conduct; they satis-
fying themselves, that the leaving sir John Evelyn
behind theIn, without bringing another in his room,
was no subnlission to the king's exception: and this
petition ,vas a by them presented to him.
" 'Ve your majesty's b most loyal subjects, the A petitiun
.. . presented
" lords and commons In parhanlent assembled, beIng to the king
, ffi d . h d d .. f h from both
, a ecte WIt a eep an pIercIng sense 0 t e houses.
"miseries of this kingdom, and of the dangers to
" your nlajesty's person, as the present affairs now
" stand; and much quickened therein with the sad
" consideration of the great effusion of blood at the
" late battle, and of the lo:ss of so Inany eminent
" persons; and farther ,,"eighing the addition of
" loss, Illisery, and danger to your majesty, and
" your kingdom, ,vhich 111ust ensue, if both armies
" should again join in another battle, as without
" God's especial blessing, and your ßlajesty's con-
" currence ,vith your houses of parliament, will not
" probably be avoided: we cannot but believe that
" a suitable impression of tenderness and compas-
" sion is wrought in your majesty's royal heart, be-
" ing yourself an eye,vitness of the bloody and sor-
" rowful destruction of so many of your subjects;

a was] Omitted in J-18. petition is in the handwriting of
b'Ve your n1ajesty's] This lord Clarendon's amanuensis.
Y2

BOOK
VI.

1642.

The king's
answer.

S!24

THE IIISTORY

" and that your lllajesty cloth apprehend what di-
"lninution of your o"
n power and greatness ,viII
" foHo,v, and that all your kingdoms will thereby
" be so \veakened as to become subject to the at-
" tClnpts of any ill-affected to this state.
" In all ,vhich respects .we assure ourselves, that
" your 11lajesty ,viII be inclined graciously to accept
" this our hunlble petition; that the Inisery and de-
" solation of this kingdonl may be speedily removed,
"and prevented. For the effecting whereof, ,ve
"humbly beseech your nlajesty to appoint some
" convenient place, not far from the city of London,
" where your majesty \vill be pleased to reside, un-
" til committees of both houses of parliament may
" attend your majesty with some propositions for
"the removal of these bloody distempers and dis-
" tractions, and settling the state of the kingdom in
" such a manner as may conduce to the preserva-
" tion of God's true religion, your majesty's honour,
" safety, and prosperity; and to the peace, comfort,
" and security of all your people."
The king, within two or three hours after the re-
ceipt of this petition, delivered to the saUle messen-
gers this ensuing ans\ver, ,,-ith which they returned
the saIne night to London.
" l\1' e c take God to witness, how deeply \Vp are
" affected ,vith the miseries of this kingdom, \vhich
" heretofore we have stroven as 111uch as in us lay
" to prevent; it being sufficiently known to all the
" world that, as we \vere not the first that took up
" arms, so we have shewed our readiness of compos-
" ing all things in a fair "ray, by our several offers
C 'Y e take] This answer is in ceding petition.
the Same lw'lHlll.,'riting as the pre-

OF THE REBELLION. 3
5

" of treaty, and shall be glad now at length to find
" any such inclinations in others. The same ten-
" derness to avoid the destruction of our subjects,
"(whom we kno,v to be our greatest strength,)
" which would al\vays Inake our greatest victories
" bitter to us, shall make us \villingly hearken. to
"such propositions, whereby these bloody distem-
" pel'S may be stopped, and the great distractions of
" this kiugdon1 settled to God's glory. our honour,
"and the welfare and flourishing of our people:
" and to that end shall reside at our own castle at
"\Vindsor, (if the forces there shall be removed,)
" till committees filay have time to attend us with
" the san1e, (which, to prevent the inconveniences
"that will intervene, we wish be hastened,) and
" shall be ready there, or, if that be refused us, at
" any place where we shall be, to receive such pro-
"positions as aforesaid, from both our houses of
"parliament. Do you your duty, \\Te will not be
" wanting in ours. God of his mercy give a b
ess..
" ing."
It was then believed by n1any, that if the king
had, as soon as the lllessengers returned to London,
retired with his arn1Y to Reading, and there ex-
pected the parlian1ent's answer, theyd would in11ne-
diately have withdrawn their garrison from l\rindsor,
and delivered that castle to his nlajesty for his ac-
commodation to have treated in: and without doubt
those lords who had been with the petition, and
some others who thought themselves as llluch over-
shadowed by the greatness of the earl of Essex, and
the chief officers of the arlny, as they could be by

d they] that they
Y3

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

SQ6

TI-IE H 15,1.'0 R Y

the glory of any favourite, or power of any counsel-
lors, \vere resolved to ß1erit as much as they could of
the king, by advancing an honourable peace; and
had it in their purpose to endeavour the giving up
of lVindsor to the king; but ,vhether they would
bave been able to have prevailed that so considerable
a strength, in so considerable a place, should have
been quitted, whilst there ,vas only hope of a l)eace,
I nluch doubt. But certainly the king's arlllY car-
ried great terror \vith it; and alJ those reports,
,vhich published the \veakness of it, grew to be pe-
reluptorily disbelieved. For, besides that every day's
experience disproved s0111e\vhat \vhich \-"as soe confi-
dently reported, and it 'vas evident great industry
,,-as used to apply such intelligence to the people as
"ras most like to Inake itnpression upon the passions
and affections of the vulgar-spirited, it could not be
believed that a handful of 111en could have given
battle to their formidable army, and, after taking
two or three of their garrisons, presulne to march
within fifteen miles of London: so that, if froln
thence the king had dra\vn back again to Reading,
relying upon a treaty for the rest, it is probable his
power \vould have been 1110re valued, and conse-
quently his grace the more Inågnified. And sure
the king resolved to have done so, or at least to
have staid at Colehrook f till he heard again fronl
the parlianlent. But prince Rupert, exalted ,vith
the terror he heard his nalne ga\Te to the enelny,
trusting too much to the vulgar intelligence every
man received from his friends at London, \vho, ac-

e so] as
f ColcbrookJ A/S. adds: (which was not so convenient)

OF THE REBELLION.

. g
7

cording to their own passions and the affections of BOOK
those \vith wholn they corresponded, concluded that VI.
the king had so great a party in London, that, if his 16-t2.
army drew near, no resistance \vould be nlade,!; \vith-
out any direction froin the king, the very next nlorn-
ing after the cOllllnittee returned to London, ad-
vanced "Tith the horse and dragoons to Hounslow,
and then sent to the king to desire him that the
army might Il1arch after; which was, ill that case, of
absolute necessity; for the earl of Essex had a part
of his army at Brentford, and the rest at Acton, and
Kingston. So that if the king had not advanced
\vÌth his body, those \vho were before 111ight very
easily have been compassed in, and their retreat
Inade h very difficult.
So the king 111arched \vith his \vhole arlny towards The l<ing
marches
Brcntfol'd, \vhere \Vere t\VO regiments of their Lest towarils
J.'. .c. h d b . Brentford.
100t
(lor so t ey "'ere accounte, elng those \vho
had eillinently behaved theluselves at Edge-hill,)
having barricadoeu the narrow avenues to the town,
and cast up SOUle little breast\vorks at the most
convenient places. Here a 'Velsh reginlent of the
king's, \vhich had been faulty at Edge-hill, recovered
its honour, and assaulted the \vorks, and forced the
barricadoes \\Tell defended by the enemy. Then the
king's forces entered the to\\'n after a very warm
service, the chief officers and nlany soldiers of the
other side being killed; and they i took there above
five hundred prisoners, eleven colours, and fifteen

g no resistance would be
made,] Thus continued origi-
l1ally in lJ-lS. and too much ne<Y-
] . b
ectmg the council of state
(which from the first hour the

army overmuch inclined to)
without any direction &c.
h Inadef Not in
Jf;.
i they] Not in ftlS.

Y4

328

THE HIS1.'ORY

BOOK pieces of cannon, and good store of ammunition.

But this victory (for considering the place it might
1642. well be called so) proved not at all fortunate to his
majesty.
The two houses were so well satisfied with the
answer their committee had brought from the king,
and ,yith the repol't they Dlade of his majesty's cle-
ßlency, and gracious reception of them, that they
had sent order to their fórces, " that they should not
"exercise any act of hostility towards the king's
" forces;" and, at the satpe tilne, despatched a llles-
senger, to acquaint his majesty therewith, and to
desire" that there might be the like forbearance on
" his part." The nlessenger found both parties en-
gaged at Brentford, and so returned without attend-
ing his majesty, who had no apprehension that they
intended any cessation; since those forces were ad-
vanced to Brentford, Acton, and Kingston, after
their committee was sent to Cole brook. However
they looked upon this entering of Brentford as a
surprise contrary to faith, and the betraying their
forces to a nlassacre, under the specious pretence of
a treaty for peace. The alarm k came to London,
with the same terror l as if the army were entered
their gates, and the king accused " of treachery, per-
" fidy, and blood; and that he had given the spoil
" and wealth of the city as pillage to his arnlY, which
" advanced with no other purpose."
They who believed nothing of those calumnies,
were not yet \villing the king should enter the city
with an army, which, they knew, would not be go-
verned in so rich quarters; and therefore, ,vith UI1-

h alarm] alarUlll

1 terror] dire yell

OF 'fHE REBELLION. SQ9

speakable expedition, the army under the earl of BOOK
Essex was not only drawn together, but all the VI.
trained bands of London led out in their bri g htest T 1642.
he earl of
equipage upon the heath next Brentford; where ESiex's ar-
my, and
they had indeed a full army of horse and foot, fit to the city
d . d d h . I f . h I d trained
have eCl e t e tIt e 0 a crown \Vlt an equa a - bands, op-
versar y . The view and P ros p ect of this stren g th, pos
d t
agams
which nothing but that sudden exigent could have them.
brought together,m extremely puffed them up; not
only as it was an ample security against the present
danger, but as it looked like a safe power to encoun-
ter any other. n They had now O before their eyes
the king's little handful of n1en, and then begun p to
wonder and blush at their o\vn fears; and all this
Inight be without excess of courage; for without
doubt their numbers then, without the advantage of
equipage, (which to soldiers is a great addition of
mettle,) were five times greater than the king's
harassed, weather-beaten, and half-starved troops.
I have heard luany kno\ving filen, and some \vho
were then in the city reginlents, say, "That if the
" king had advanced, and charged that massive body,
" it had presently given ground; and that the king
" had so great a party in every regÍ1nent, that theyq
" would have made no resistance." But it had been
nladness, which no success could have vindicated, to
have nlade that attempt: and the king easily dis-
cerned that he had brought himself into straits and
difficulties, \vhich would be hardly mastered, and ex-
posed his victorious arrny to a "view, at too near a

m together,] .J1S. adds: (so
that army was really raised by
king and parliament)
n any other.] any exigent.

o now] then
p begun] began
q they] it

BOOK
VI.

1642.

The king's
army
rlrawnoff
to King-
ston.

330

1'HE HIS'rOn y

distance off his t,vo enelnies, the parliall1ent and the
citro ì T et he stood all that day in battalia to re-
ceive thenl, "rho only played upon hiln with their
cannon, to the loss only of four or five horses, and
not one lllan. 'I'he constitution r of their forces, ,vherc
there were very Inany not at all affected to the COll1-
pany they were in, being a good argument to then1
not to charge the king, which had been an ill one to
him to charge theine
'Vhen the evening drew on, and it appeared that
great body stood only for the defence of the city,
the king appointed his army to draw off to Kingston,
"rhich the rebels had kindly quitted; which they did
without the loss of a man; and himself ,vent to his
O\\Tn house at I-Jampton-court; ,,,here he rested the
next day, as well to refi'csh his arlny, even tired
\vith watching and fasting, as to expect some propo-
sitions fronl the houses. }1""or, upon his advance to
Brentford, he had sent a servant of his o,vn, one
1\11'. 'Vhite, with a lnessage to the parlialTIent, con-
taiIling the reasons of that lllotion, (there being no
cessation offered on their part,) and desiring "the
"propositions nIÎght be despatched tu hin1 \\-ith all
"speed." But his l11esscnger, being carried to the
carl of Essex, ,,-as by hitn used very roughly, and hy
thc houses cOlllnlitted to the Gate-house, not ,yith-
out the Inotion of SOllle nlen, "that he might be
" executed as aspy."
After a day's stay at Hanlpton-court, the king

r The constitution-charge them, the constitution of their
them.] Thus in JIS. that being forces, where there were very
a good argument to them not to l11any not at all affected to the
charge the king, which had been comiJau) they were in.
an ill one to him to charge

OF THE REBELLION. 331

removed hinlself to his house at Oatlands, leaving BOO K
the gross of his arlny stiU at Kingston, and there- VI.
abouts; but being then informed of the high iUlpU- 1642.
tations they had laid upon hin}; "of breach of faith,
" by his march to Brentford; and that the city was
" really inflanIed with an opinion, that he meant to
" have surprised then}, and to have sacked the town;
" that they \vere so possessed \vith that fear and ap-
"prehension, that their care and preparation for
"their safety ,vould at least keep off all proposi-
" tions for peace, "rhilst the arnIY lay so near Lon-
" don ;" he gave direction for all his forces to retire Thence to
R d . fi d " h " II h I Reading.
to ea Jng; 1'st ISC arglng ate conl1non so-
diers, 'v ho had been taken prisoners at Brentford,
(except such who voluntarily offered to serve hinl,)
upon their oaths that they ,vould no more bear arlns
against his nlajesty.
The king then sent a Inessage to the houses, in The king
h . h " } k . f I . d sends a
W IC Ie too notice 0 t lose unjust an unrea- message to
"sonable iLnputations raised on hinI; told thelll the houses.
" again of the reasons and circun}stances of his mo-
" tion to\vards Brentford; of the earl of Essex's
" dra\ving out his forces to\vards hiln, and possess-
" ing those quarters about him, and almost hemming
" him in, after the tinle that the cOin missioners were
" sent to hitn \vith the petition; that he had never
" heard of the least overture of the forbearing all
" acts of hostility, but sa\v the contrary practised by
" thelll by that advance; that he had not the least
" thought or intention of 111astering the city by force,
" or carrying his arlllY thither: that he wondered to
" hear his soldiers charged \vith thirsting after blood,
"when they took above five hundred prisoners in
" the very heat of the fight. lIe told thenl such

33

'HE HISTORY

1642.

" were most apt and likely to maintain their power
" by blood and rapine, who had only got it by op-
" pression and injustice; that his ,vas vested in him
" by the Jaw, and by that only (if
he destructive

, counsels of others did not hinder such a peace, in
" which that n1ight once again be the universal rule,
" and in which only religion and justice could flou-
"rish) he desired to maintain it: that he intended
" to march to such a distance frol11 his city of Lon-
" don, as Inight take away all pretence of apprehen-
" sion froin his army, that might hinder them fronl
" preparing their propositions, in all security, to be
" presented to him; and there he would be ready to
"receive theIn, or, if that expedient pleased them
,t not, to end the pressures and miseries, which his
" subjects, to his great grief, suffered through this
" wat:, by a present battle."
But as the army's being so near London was an
argument against a present treaty, so its remove to
Reading was a greater with very many not to de-
sire any. The danger, which they had brought
themselves for SOine days together to look upon at
their gates, was now to be conten1ned at the distance
of thirty miles; and this retreat imputed only to the
fear of their po\ver, not to the inclinations to peace.
And therefore they, who guring the time that the
major part did really desire a good peace, and ,vhilst
overtures were preparing to that purpose, had the
skill to intermingle acts more destructive to it, than
any propositions could be contributory, (as the invit-
ing the Scots to their assistance by that declaration,
which is before mentioned; and the publishing a de-
claration at the same time, which had lain long by
thcIn, in reply to one set forth by the king long

BOOK
VI.

OF THE REBELLION.

3S9

before in answer to theirs of the 26th of May, in
which they used both his person and his power with
more irreverence than they had ever done before,)
now only insisted on the surprise, as they called it,
of Brentford; and S published, by the authority of
both houses, a relation of the carriage of the king's
soldiers in that to\vn after their victory, (\vhich they
framed upon the discourses of the country people,
'\vho possibly, as it could not be otherwise, had re-
ceived damage by their licence then,) to make the
king and his army odious to the kingdom; " as af-
" fecting nothing but blood and rapine;" and con-
cluding, t "that there could not be reasonably ex-
"pected any good conditions of a tolerable peace
"from the king, whilst he ,vas in such company;
" and therefore that all particular propositions were
" to be resolved into that one, of inviting his ma-
" jesty to come to them;" and got a vote from the
major part of both houses, "that no other measure
" for U accommodation or treaty should be thought
" on."

Their trusty lord Inayor of London, Isaac Pen-
nington, \vho \vas again chosen to serve another
year, so bestirred himself, having to assist him t\yOX
sheriffs, Langham and Andrews, as they could wish,
that there \vas not only no Olore importunity or in-
terposition from the city for peace; but, instead
thereof, an overture and declaration from divers, un-
der the style of wen-affected persons, "that they
" \vould advance a considerable number of soldiers,
" for the supply and recruit of the parliament forces;
" and would arm, Inaintain, and pay them for seve-

8 and] Not in ..:US.
t and concluding,] concluded,

It measure for] thought of
]I: two] two such

BOOK
VI.

1642.

334

TIlE HIS'TORY

ß

K "ral 1110nths, or during the times of danger and dis-
" tractions; provided that they might have the pub-
J6-12.
" lic faith of the kingdolu for repayment of all such
" SUlns of Inoney, which they should so advance by
" way of loan." This \vonderful kind ofY proposi-
tion ,vas presently declared " to be an acceptable
" service to the king, parlialnent, and kingdom, and
" necessarily tending to the preservation of then1 ;"
and therefore an ordinance, as they call it, ,vas
framed and passed both houses;
An or
- "That all such as should furnish men, mone y ,
nance lor
raisingmo- " horse, or arnlS for that service, should have the
ney upon
the public "same fully repaid again, with interest for the for-
faith. " bearance thereof, froll1 the tinles disbursed. And
" for the true paynlent thereof, they did thereby en-
"gage to all, and every such person, and persons,
" the public faith of the kingdoln." And ordered
the lord lllayor, and sheriffs of London, by then1-
selves, or such sub-comll1ittees as they should ap-
point, to take subscriptions, and to intend the ad-
vancenlent of that service. Upon this voluntary,
general proposition, nlade by a few obscure men,
probably such who were not able to supply l1luch
nloney, was this ordinance made; and fronl this or-
dinance the active l11ayor, and sheriffs, appointed a
COffill1ittee of such persons whose inclinations they
well knew, to press all kind of people, especially
those ,,,ho \\Tere not forward, to new subscriptions;
and by degrees, froln this unconsidered passage, gre"r
the lllonthly tax of six thousand pounds to be set
upon the city for the payment of the arn1Y.
As they provided, with this notable circumspec-

)' of] Not in iUS.

OF THE REBEIJL ION.

5Sð

tion, to raise men and money; so they took not less BO 0 K
care, nor used less art and indusLry, to raise their ge- VI.
neral; and lest he might suppose himself fallen in 16-12.
their good grace and confidence, by bringing an
army back shattered, poor, and disconlforted, ,vhich
he had carried out in full nUlnbers, and glorious
equipage, they used hirn \yith greater reverence and
subnlission than ever. They had before appointed
another distinct arnlY to be raised under the com-
mand of the earl of 'Var\vick, and not subject to the
power of the earl of Essex; and of this, several re-
giments and troops were raised: these they sent to
the old arnlY, and the earl of "T arwick gave up his
c0l11mission, upon resolution, z " that there should be
" only one general, and he, the earl of Essex." Then
the t\VO houses passed, and presented, ,vith great so-
lenlnity, this declaration to his excellency, the same
day that their conlmittee went to the king with their
petition:
" That, as they had, upon nlature deliberation, A decJara-
" d d fid . h . . d d tion of both
an assure con ence In IS 'VIS om, courage, an houses COll-
" fidelity, chosen and appointed him their ca l Jtain- C t . . erl!ing
lelr ge-
" general; so they did find, tbat the said earl had neral's ac-
. .. . ceptable
" managed that serVIce, of so hIgh Importance, 'VI th service.
"SO much care, valour, and dexterity, as ,veIl hy
" the extremest hazard of his life, in a bloody battle
"near Keinton in 'Varwickshire, as by all the ac-
" tions of a most excellent and expert c0111mande1',
'II in the "Thole course of that employment, as did
" deserve their best ackno\vledgment: and they did
" therefore declare, and publish, to the lasting ho-
" nour of the said earl, the great and acceptable 8e1'-

/. resolution,] a resolution,

BOOK
VI.

1642.

The houses'
petition to
the king,
Nov. 24.

The sub-
stance of
the king's
answer.

S36

'l"'HE I-IISTORY

" vice, which he had therein done to the coml11on-
" wealth: and should be willing and ready, upon all
" occasions, to express the due sen
e they had of his
" merits, by assuring and protecting him, and all
" others employed under his conu11and in that ser-
" vice, with their lives and fortunes, to the utter-
" most of their power: that testimony and declara-
" tion to re!llain upon record, in both houses of par-
" liament, for a mark of honour to his person, name,
" and family, and for a monun1ent of his singular
" virtue to posterity."
"Then they had thus composed their army and
their general, they sent this petition to the king to
Reading, who staid still there in expectation of their
propositions.
" May it please a your majesty:
" It is humbly desired by both houses of parlia-
" ment, that y
ur majesty will be pleased to return
" to your parlian1ent, with your royal, not your mar-
"tial, attendance; to the end that religion, laws,
" and liberties, may be settled and secured by their
" advice; finding by a sad and late accident, that
" your majesty is environed by some such counsels,
" as do rather persuade a desperate division, than a
"joining and a good agreement "rith your par Ii a-
" Inent and people: and ,ve shall be ready to give
" your nlajesty assurances of such security, as lnay
"be for your honour, and the safety of your royal
" person."
As soon as the king received this strange address,
he returned them by the same messenger a sharp
answer to this effect b : He told thenl, " he hoped all

a 1\1ay it please] This petition
is in the handwriting l.if lord

Clarendon's amanuensis.
b to this effect] Not in
IS.

OF TI-IE nEßEI
LION.

337

" his good subjects \vould look upon that message
" with indignation, as intended, by the contrivers
" thereof, as a scorn to him; and thereby designed
" by that malignant party, (of \VhOln he had so often
" complained, whose safety and ambition was built
" upon the divisions and ruins of the kingdom, and
" who had too great an influence upon their actions,)
" for a wall of separation bet\vixt his majesty and
" his people. He said, he had often told them the
" reasons, \vhy he departed from London; how he
" was chased thence, and by 'v horn; and as often
"complained, that the greatest part of his peers,
"and of the menlbers of the house of commons,
" could not, with safety to their honours and per-
" sons, continue, and vote freely among them; but,
" by violence, and cunning practices, were debarred
" of those privileges, which their birthrights, and
"the trust reposed in them by their countries, C
" gave them: that the whole kingdom knew that an
" army was raised, under pretence of orders of both
"houses, (an usurpation never before heard of in
" any age,) which army had pursued his majesty in
" his own kingdom; given him battle at Keinton;
"and now, those rebels being recruited, and pos-
"sessed of the city of IJondon, he was courteously
" invited to return to his parliament there, that is,
" to the power of that army.
" That, ]Ie said, could signify nothing but that,
" since the traitorous endeavours of those desperate
U men could not snatch the crown from his head, it
U being defended by the providence of God, and the
"affections and loyalty of his good subjects, he

YOl
. 1fT.

(' countnef',] counties,
7

BOOK
VI.

1642.

'BOOK
VI.

1642.

S!38

TIII
IIISTOR 'Y.

" should no,," tan1elr conle up, and give it the III ; anet
" put hÍ1llself, his life, and the lives, liberties, and
" fortunes of all his good subjects into their merci-
"ful hands. He said, he thought not fit to give
" any other ans\ver to that part of their petition:
"but as he imputed not that affront to both his
"houses of parliaJuent, nor to the major part of
" those who \vere then present there, but to that
"dangerous party his majesty and the kingdolll
" must still cry out upon; so he ,,?ould not (for his
" good subjects' sake, and out of his most tender
" sense of their Iniseries, and the general calanlities
" of the kingdoln, ,vhich must, if the war continued,
" speedily overwhelm the ,vhole nation) take advan-
" tage of it: but if they would really pursue the
" course they seemed, by their petition at Colebrook,
" to be inclined to, he should lllake good all he then
" promised; \vhereby the hearts of his distressed suh-
" jects might be raised with the hopes of peace; \vith-
" out \vhich, religion, the laws, and liberties, could
" by no \vays be settled and secured.
" For the late and sad accident they mentioned, if
" they intended that of Brentford, he desired thenl
" once again to dpal ingenuously with the people,
" and to let then1 see his last lllessage to them, and
" his declaration concerning the same," (both which
his majesty had sent to his press at London, but
were taken away ffODl his nlessenger, and not suf-
fered to be published,) " and then he doubted not,
" but they ,vould be SOOD undeceived, and easily find
" out those counsels, \vhich did rather persuade a
" desperate division, than a good agreell1ent bet\vÎxt
" his D1ajesty, his two houses, and people."
This ans\ver being delivered. without any farther

OF 1.'IIE REBELLION.

339

consideration ,vhether the same were reasonable or BOO K
not reasonable, they declared "the king had no VI.
" Inind to peace;" and thereupon laid aside all far- 1642.
ther debates to that purpose; and ordered their ge-
neral to march to 1Vindsor with the army, to be so
much nearer the king's forces; for the better recruit-
ing whereof, two of their nlost en1inent chaplains,
Dr. Do\vning and Mr. Marshall, publicly avowed,
" that the soldiers lately taken prisoners at Brent-
"ford, and discharged, and released by the king
" upon their oaths that they would never again bear
" arms against him, were not obliged by that oath ;"
but, by their power, ahsolved them thereof, and so
engaged again those Iniserable ,vretches in a second
rebellion.
'Vhen the king discerned clearly that the enemies
to peace had the better of him, and that there was
no\v no farther thought of preparing propositions to
be sent to him; after he had seen a line drawn
about Reading, which he resolved to keep as a gar...
rison, and the ,yorks in a reasonable for\vardness,
he left sir Arthur Aston, WhOlTI he had lately made
commissary-general of the horse, (Mr. 'Vilmot being
at the same time constituted lieutenant-general,)
governor thereof, with a garrison of above two thou- The king
d C' d d . f h d h . hlwing O'al"-
san loot, an a goo reglll1ent 0 orse: an Im- risoned I:)
self with the rest of his army nlarched to Oxford,
:;

l-
\vhere he resolved to rest that winter, settlin g at the lingford,
and some
same time a good garrison at 'Vallingford, a place other
f . . h . · h . 1 f 0 .C' d places,
o great In1portance 'VIt In elg t ml es 0 XIOr; marches to
another at the Brill upon the edge of Buckingham- Oxford.
shire; a third being before settled at Banbury;
Abingdon being the head quarters for his horse;
and by this 11leanS he had all Oxfordshire entire, all
z2

340

'l' I-I}: HIS TOll Y

BOOK Berkshire, but that barren division ahout 'Vindsor;
VI.
and frOIl1 the Brill, and Banbury, a good influence
1642. upon Buckinghamshire and N orthamptonshire.
1\farlbo- The kin g was hardl y settled in his q uarters when
rough gar- ,
risoned by he heard that the parliament ,vas fixing a garrison
the parlia-
ment. at l\larlborough in 'Viltshire, a to,vn the nlost noto-
riously disaffected of all that county; other,vise,
saving the obstinacy and malice of the inhabitants,
in the situation of it very unfit for a g
rrison. Thi-
ther the earl of Essex had sent one Ralnsey, (a Scots-
man, as very many d of their officers \\Tere of that
nation,) to be governor; who, with the help of the
factious people there, had quickly drawn together
five or six hundred men. This place, the king sa,v,
\vould soon prove e an ill neighbour to him; not only
as it was in the heart of a rich county, and so \\-ould
straiten, and even infest his quarters, (for it ,vas
within t\venty miles of Oxford,) but as it did cut off
his line of communication "rith the ,vest: and there-
fore, though it ,vas December, a season, \vhen his
tired and almost naked soldiers might expect rest,
he sent a strong party of horse, foot, and dragoons,
under the command of 1\11'. 'Vilmot, the lieutenant-
general of his horse, to visit that to\vn; who, com-
ing thither on a Saturday, found the place strongly
manned: for, besides the garrison, it being Inarket-
day, very many country people came thither to buy
and sell, and \verc all compelled to stay and take
arms for the defence of the place; ,,, hich, for the
most part, they ""ere \vining to do, and the people
peremptory to defend it. Though there ,vas no line
about it, yet there \\?ere some places of great ad..

· ,J n
ry many] most

(' soon prove] prove quickly

.

OF 'fHE llEBELLION. 541

vantage, upon which they had raised batteries, and
planted cannon, and so barricadoed all the avenues,
which were through deep narrow lanes, that the horse
could do little service.
'Vhen the lieutenant-general \vas, with his party,
near the town, he apprehended a fello"v, who con-
fessed, upon examination, " that he ,vas aspy, and
" sent by the governor to bring intelligence of their
"strength and Illotion." 'Vhen all men thought,
and the poor fello\v hiInse]f feared, he should be
executed, the lieutenant-general caused his \vhole
party to be ranged in order in the next convenient
place, and hid the fellow look well upon thenl, and
observe theIn, and then bid hin1 return to tbe to,vu,
and tell those that sent hinl, \vbat he had seen, and
withal that he should acquaint the magistrates of the
town, "that they should do well to treat with the
" garrison, to give theln leave to submit to the king;
" that if they did so, the to,vn should not receive
" the least prejudice; but if they conlpelled hÏ1n to
" Inake his \vay, and enter the town by force, it
" \vould not be in his power to keep bis soldiers
" fron1 taking that \vhich they should ,vin with their
" blood:" and so dismissed hinl. This generous act
proved of SOlne advantage; for the fellow, trans-
ported \vith having his life given hinl; and the llUln-
bel's of the lnen he had seen, besides his no experi-
ence in such sights, being multiplied by his fear,
Inade notable relations of the strength, gallantry,
and resolution of the enemy, and of the iInpossibi-
lity of resisting them; \vhich, though it prevailed
not with those in authority to yield, yet it strangely
abated the hopes and courage of the people. So
that ,vhen the king's soldiers fell on, after a volley
z3

BOOK
VI.

1642.

S4Q

THE IIISTORY

BOOK or two, in which nluch execution was done, they
VI. thre\v do\vn their arl11S, and run into the to\vn; so
J 642. that the foot had tinle to lllake 1'00111 for tbe horse,
\vho \vere now entered at both ends of the town, yet
were not so near an end as tbey expected; for the
streets were in Hlany places barricadoed, \vhich were
obstinately defended by sonle soldiers and towns-
Inen, who killed nlany lllen out of the "\\''Îndo\ys of
the houses; so that, it Inay be, if they had trusted
only to their o\vn strength, without cOlllpelling the
country nlen to increase their nunlber.. and who be-
ing first frighted, and weary, disheartened their conl-
panions, that placef lllight have cost more blood.
RaHlsey the governor \vas hinlself retired into the
church \vith SOll1e officers, and fronl thence did SOllle
hurt; upon this, there being so Inany killed out of
windo\vs, fire \vas put to the next houses, so that a
good part of the town was burned, and then the sol-
diers entered, doi ng less execu ti on than could rea-
sonably be expected; but what they spared in blood,
they took in pillage, the soldiers inquiring little \vho
were friends or foes.
Marlbo- This ,vas the first garrison taken on either side;
rough
taken by for Farnham castle in Surrey,g 'v hither sonle gen-
the king's · d
forces un- tlelnen who were willing to appear for the kIng ha
::

tl
;_ repaired, and \vere taken \vith less resistance than
ral Wilmot. ,vas fit, by sir "Tilliam 'V aller, some fe\v days be-
fore, deserved not the nanle of a garrison. In this
of l\larllJorough h were taken, besides the governor,
and other officers, who yielded upon quarter, above

! that place] that vile place
g for Farnham castle in Sur-
rey,] (for I cannot call Farnham
castle in .surrey one,

h deserved not the name of
a garrison. In this of l\Jarlbo-
rough] and before it deserved the
name of a garrison ;) in which

O
"' rrHE REBELLION.

3.13

one thousand prisoners; great stores i of arnIS, four
pieces of cannon, and a good quantity of anlnluni-
tion, \vith all "rhich the lieutenant-general returned
safe to Oxford: though this success k was a little
sllado\ved, by the unfortunate loss of a very good
regÏInent of horse ,vithin a few days after; for the
lord Grandison, by the miscarriage of orders, was
exposed, at too great a distance from the army, with
his single regiment of horse consisting of three nun-
dred, I and a reginlent of two hundred dragoons, to
the unequal encounter of a party of the enemy of
five thousand horse and dragoons; and so was hin1-
self, after a retreat made to "Tinchester, there taken
with all his party; which was the first loss of that
kind m the king sustained; but without n the least
fault of the comnlander; and the lnisfortune was
nIuch lessened by his making an escapeO hiInselfwith
t"ro or three of his principal officers, who were very
".eICOllle to Oxford.
The first thing the king applied himself to con-
sult upon, after he was settled in his "Tinter quar-
ters, and despaired of any honest overtures for a
peace, \vas, how to apply some antidote to that poi-
son, \vhich \vas sent into Scotland, in that declara-
tion \ve Inentioned before; the \vhich he had not
only seen
as an act cOlnnlunicated abroad and in
nIany hands, but the Scottish earl of Lindsey, who
,vas then a comll1issioner lieger at London for Scot-
land, had presented it!' to hiln. And there ,vas

i stores] store
k success] victory
I three hundred,] three hun-
dred horse,
\TI of that kind] Not in ..HS.
n but without] and was with-
out-

o and the Inisfortllne was
much lessened by his makint,
an escape] who lessened dIe
misfortune much by making an
escape
P it] Not in .1.118.

z4

BOOK
VI.

1642.

344

THE lIIS'rORY

BOOK every day some lllotion in the house of commons to
VI. press the Scots, to invade the kingdolll for their as-
1642. sistance, upon the gro,vth of the earl of N ewcas-
tie's po\ver in the north. And therefore, after full
thoughts, the king writ to his privy-council of Scot-
land, (who, by the la,vs enacted ,vhen he ,vas last
there, had the absolute, indeed regal, po"rer of that
kingdonl,) and took notice of that declaration, which"
had "been sent to them, earnestly inviting, and in a
manner challenging an q assistance froln that his na-
tive kingdom of lllen and ariTIS, for making a \var
against him, and making clailn to that assistance by
virtue of the late act of pacification.
The sub- He told then1, " that, as he was at his soul affIict-
stance of
the king's "ed, that it had heen in the po""er of any factious,
::s

:y
O " ambitious, and malicious persons, so far to possess
council of "the hearts of man y of his sublects of En g land as
Scotland, J'
upon occa- " to raise this miserable distemper and distraction in
sion of the h . k . d . II h . I d d
two houses' " t IS Jng om agaInst a IS rea en eavours an
decJaration · h h I d h th
to that " actIons to t e contrary; so e ,vas g a , t at at
kingdom. "rage and fury had so far transported them, that
" they applied thenlselves, in so gross a manner, to
" his subjects of Scotland; whose experience of his
" religion, justice, and love of his people, ,vould not
" suffer them to belie v e those horrid scandals, laid
" upon his Inajesty: and their affection, loyalty, and
" jealousy of his honour, would disdain to be made
"instruluents to oppress their native sovereign, by
" assisting an odious rehellion." He remembered
thenl, " that he had froln tilne to time acquainted
"his subjects of that kingdolll with the accidents
" and circumstances \\Thich had disquieted this; how,

q an] Not in iUS.

OF 'l"'HE REBELl..ION. 345

" after all the acts of justice, grace, and favour, per-
" formed on his part, which were or could be desired
" to nlake a people completely happy, he was driven,
" by the force and violence of rude and tumultuous
" assemblies, from his city of London, and his houses
" of parlian1ent; how attempts had been made to
" inlpose laws upon his subjects, without his con-
" sent, and contrary to the foundation and constitu-
"tion of the kingdoln; ho,v his forts, goods, and
, " navy, had been seized, and taken from him by
" force, and elnployed against hinl; his revenue, and
" ordinary subsistence, wrested froln hin1: ho,v he
"had been pursued with scandalous and reproach-
"ful language; bold, false, and seditious pasquils,
" and libels, publicly allowed against hitn; and had
" been told that he might, without \vant of modesty
"and duty, be deposeq: that after all this, before
" any force raised by him, an army ,vas raised, and
" a general appointed to lead that army against his
" majesty, ,vith a comlnission to kill, slay, and de-
" stroy all such who should be faithful to him: tbat
" when he had been, by these Ineans, cOlnpelled,
"with the assistance of his good subjects, to raise
" an army for his necessary defence, he had sent di-
" vel'S gracious nlessages, earnestly desiring that the
" calalnities and miseries of a civil \var might he
" prevented by a treaty; and so he might know the
"grounds of that misunderstanding: that he was
"absolutely refused to be treated with, and the
" arnlY, (raised, as ,vas pretended, for the defence of
"his person,) brought into the field against hitn,
"gave him battle; and, though it pleased God to
" give his majesty the victory, destroyed many of his
" good subjects, with as eminent danger to his own

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

346

'TIlE HISTORY

" person, and his children, as the skill and 111alice of
" desperate rebels could contrive.
" Of all "rhich, and the other indignitie
, \\rhich
"had been offered to hiIn, he doubted not the duty
"and affection of his Scottish subjects \vould have
" so just a resentment, that they ,volIld express to
" the world the sense they had of his sufferings:
" and he hoped, his good subjects of Scotland ,vere
" not so great strangers to the affairs of this king-
" donl, to believe that this nlisfortune and distrac-
" tion was begot and brought upon hinl by his t,,'o
" houses of parlianlent; though, in truth, no unwar-
" rantable action against the la,v could be justified
" even by that authority; but that they \vell kne\v
;, how the IneInbers of both houses had been driven
" thence, insomuch that, of above five hundred nlenl-
" bers of the house of commons, there \vere not then
" there above fourscore; and, of above one hundred
" of the house of peers, not above fifteen or sixteen;
" all which ,vere so a\ved hy a llluititude of ana-
" baptists, Bro\vnists, and other persons, desperate,
" and decayed in their fortunes, in and about the
" city of London, that, in truth, their consultations
" had not the freedolll and privilege ,,"hich belong to
" parliaments. r
" Concerning any conl1nissions granted by his ma-
" jesty to })apists to raise forces, he referred thenl to
" a declaration, lately set forth by him upon the oc-
" casion of that scandal, which he like\vise then sent
" to them. s And for his own true and zealous af-
" fection to the protestant religion, he \vould give no
" other instance than his o\vn constant practice, on

r p
rliamel1ts.] parliament.

5 sent to them.] scnt them.

OF THE ItEBELLION. 347

" ,vhich ll1alice itself could lay no blelnish ; and those BOOK
" nlany protestations he had made in the sight of VI.
" Alnlighty God, to \vhom he knew he should be 1642.
" dearly accountable, if he failed in the observation.
" For that scandalous iUlputation of his intention
" of bringing in foreign forces, t as the san1e ,vas
" raised without the least shado,v or colour of rea-
"son, and solelnnly disavo,ved by his lnajesty, in
" many of his declarations; so there could not be a
" clearer argument to his subjects of Scotland that
" he had no such thought, than that he had hitherto
"forborne to require the assistance of that his na-
"tive kingdolTI; from whose obedience, duty, and
"affection, he should confidently expect it, if he
" thought his o\rn strength here too \veak to pre-
" serve him; and of ,,,hose courage and loyalty he
" should look to make use, before he should think of
" any foreign aid to succour him. And he knew no
"reasonable or understanding man could suppose
" that they "'
ere obliged, or enabled, by the late act
" of parliament in both kingdo111s, to obey the invi-
" tation that ,vas 11lade to them by tbat pretended U
" declaration, \vhen it \vas so evidently provided for
" by that act, that as the kingdom of England should
" not ,val' against the kingdonl of Scotland, without
" consent of the parliament of England, so the king-
" dom of Scotland should not lTIake war against the
" kingdom of England ,vithout the consent of the
" parliament of Scotland."
He told thel1l, " if the grave counsel and advice,
" which they had given, and derived to the houses of
"pariialllcnt here, by their act of the 22d of April

t forces,] force,

U pretended] Not in ftIS.

.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

848

THE HISTORY

" last, had been follo\ved in a tender care of his royal
" person, and of his princely greatness and autho-
" rity, there ,vould not that face of confusion have
" appeared, ,vhich no\v threatened this kingdon1:
" and therefore he required theln to con1municate
" ,vhat he then ,vrit to all his subjects of that king-
" dotn, and to use their utn10st endeavours to inforn1
" them of the truth of his condition; and that they
" suffered not the scandals and inlputations laid on
"his majesty by the Inalice and treason of SOine
" n1en, to n1ake any in1pression in the minds of his
" people, to the lessening or corrupting their affec-
"tions and loyalty to him; but that they assured
"them all, that the hardness he then underwent,
" and the arms he had been compelled to take up,
" were for the defence of his person and safety of
"his life; for the Inaintenance of the true pro-
"testant religion, for the preservation of the lanrs,
"liberties, and constitution of this kingdoln, x and
" for the just privileges of parlialnent; and that he
" looked no longer for a blessing from heaven, than
" he endeavoured the defence and advancement of
" all these: and, he could not doubt, a dutiful con-
" currence in his subjects of Scotland, in the care of
" his honour, and just rights, would draw down a
'
blessing upon that nation too."
Though his nlajesty well kne,v all the persons, to
whom he directed this letter, to be those ,vho ,vcre
only able and ,villing to do him all possible disser-
vice, yet he was sure by other instruments, if they
neglected, ,vhich, for that reason, they ,vere not like
to do, to publish it to the people there; \vhich he be-

x this kingdom,] the kingdom,

()F THE REBELI..ION. S4

Jieved might so far operate upon thein, as the others BOO K
would not be able to procure them to invade Eng- VI.
land; and other fruit of their allegiance he expected J 642.
not, than that they should not rebel.
His majesty's next care ""as the procuring money What
L'. h f h . h h · means
Jor t e payment 0 IS army; t at t e narro,v Clr- the king
cuit which contained his quarters n1ight not be so

er
i
:ed
intolerably oppressed ,vith that ,vhole burden. ThisY money.
was a very difficult matter; for the soldiery already
gre\v very high, and would obey no orders or rules
but of their own making; and prince Rupert con-
sidered only the subsistence, and advance of the
horse, as his province, and indeed as if it had been a
province apart from the army; and therefore ,vould
by no means endure that the great contributions,
which the counties ,vithin cOlllmand ,villingly sub-
mitted to, should be assigned to any other use than
the support of the horse, and to be in1mediately col-
lected, and received by the officers. So that the
several garrisons, and all the body of foot, were to
be constantly paid, and his majesty's weekly ex-
pense for his house borne, out of such monies z as
could be borrowed. For, of aU his o,vn revenue, he
had not yet the receiving a penny \vithin his power;
neither did he think fit to compel anyone, even
such who were known to have contributed freely to
the parliament, to supply him: only by letters, and
all other gentle ways, he invited those who were
able, to consider how much their o,vn security and
prosperity ,vas concerned, and depended upon the
preservation of his rights; and offered to sell any of

) This] And this

J, monies] money

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

3ðO

TI-IE HIS'I'OltY

his lands, or to give any personal security for ,vhat-
soever money would be lent to hin1 at interest: for
he had directed a grant to be prepared of several
parks, and forests, and other cro\vn-Iands, to many
persons of honour and great fortune about him,
,vhose estates and reputation were ,veIl kno,vn;
\\Tho \vere ready to be personally bound for what-
soever sun1S could be borro\ved.
The affection of the university of Oxford was
most en1inent: for, as they had before, when the
troubles first broke out, sent the king above ten
thousand pounds out of the several stocks of the
colleges, and the purses of particular persons, many
whereof lent him all they had; so they now again
made him a ne\v present. a By these means, and
the loan of particular persons, especially fron1 Lon-
don, (for frol11 thence, notwithstanding all the strict
watch to the contrary, considerable sums \vere
drawn,) the king, even above his hopes, \\ras able to
pay his foot, albeit it amounted to above three thou-
sand pounds \veekly, in such lllanner, that during
the b ,vhole winter there was not the least disorder
for want of pay. And c then he used all possible
care to encourage and countenance new levies of
horse and foot, for the recruiting his army against
the next spring.
The parliament's arlnyd being no,v about London,

a so they now again made
him a new present.] Thus origi-
nally in ftlS. so now they pre-
sented to him all the plate be-
longing to all their corporations,
which being coined (for a mint
was shortly erected there) a-

mounted to about ten thousand
pounds.
b the] that
c And]
[\tot in MS.
dThe parliament's army] The
army

OF THE RRDEI.l.IOX.

351

the officers c of it who \vere Inen1bers of parlialnent BOOK
VI.
attended that council diligently, upon ,vhich that f
army alone depended; and, though they still seelned 1 G42.
very desirous of peace, they very solemnly and se-
verely prosecuted all those ,vho really endeavoured
it.' Their partiality and injustice was so notorious,
that there ,vas no rule or n1easure of right in any
matter depending before them, but consideration
only of the affecti
ns and opinions of the persons
contending; neither could any thing be more pro-
perly said of them, than what Tacitus once spoke of
the J e"rs, apull ipsos jilles obs/illata, 11lisericorllia
in pr01n}Jtll, adversus Olnnes alios hostile odiuJn.
V oIulnes would not contain the instances. But they
found the old arguments of popery, the 111ilitia, and
delinquents, for the justification of the \var, grew
every day of less reverence with the people; and
that as the king's o\vn religion ,vas above any scan-
dal they could lay upon it, so the regal po" er
seemed so asserted by law, and the king, upon g all
occasions, cited particular statutes for the vindica-
tion of his right, that \v hilst they confessed the so-
vereign power to he vested in hiIn, all legal Inini-
sters had that dependence on hinl, that their au-
thority \vould by degrees grow into conteillpt.
And of this disadvantage the season of the year The king
h . . d L' h k . d . makes new
put t em In n11n : lor t e
lng now, accor lng to sheriffs.
course, pricked sheriffs, and Inade such choice in all
counties, that they foresa\v the people were not like
to be so implicitly at their disposal. Therefore, as
they had before craftily insinuated the same in some
l)articulars, they now harefaced avow, "that the so..

officer5\] members

f that] [he

g upon] on

BOOK
VI.

J G42.

952

THE HISTORY

" vereign po,ver ,vas wholly and entirely in them;
" and that the king hhnself, severed froln thenl, had
" no regal power in him." Their clergy had hitherto
been their chanlpions, and ,vrested the scripture to
their sense; their la,vyers were no,v to vindicate
their title, and they ,vere not more modest in apply-
ing their profession to their service. As all places
of scripture, or in the fathers, ,vhich were spoken of
the church of Christ, are by the papists applied to
the church of Rome; so whatsoever is written in
any of the books of the law, or mentioned in the re-
cords, of the authority and effects of the sovereign
power, and of the dignity and jurisdiction of parlia-
ment, was, by these nlen, alleged and urged for the
power of the two houses, and sometimes for the
single authority of the house of commons. Being
supplied with the learning of these gentlemen, they
declared, that "the sheriffs, then constituted by the
" king, were not legal sheriffs, nor ought to execute,
" or be sublnitted to in that office;" and ordered,
" whomsoever the king made sheriff in any county,
"to be sent for as delinquent: h" and because it
seemed unreasonable, that the counties should be
without that legal minister, to whom the law had
intrusted its custody, it was proposed, "that they
" might make a new great seal, and by that autho-
" city make sheriffs, and such other officers as they
" should find necessary;" but for the present that
ßlotion was laid aside.
The king had appointed some of those prisoners
who were t
ken in the battle of Keinton-field, and
others apprehended in the act of rebellion, to be in-

.
h as delinquent :] as a delinfl'lent :

OF 'lIRE REBELLION. 353

dieted of high treason, upon the statute of the 25th
year of king Edward the Third, before the lord chief
justice, and other learned judges of the law, by virtue
of his lnajesty's c0111lnission of oyer and terlniner:
the parliament i declared" all such indictments, and
"all proceedings thereupon, to be unjust and il-
" legal;" and inhibited the judges to proceed farther
therein; declaring, (,vhich ,vas a stronger argull1ent,)
"that if any nlan were executed, or suffered hurt,
" for any thing he had done by their order, the like
" punishment should be inflicted, by death or other-
" wise, upon such prisoners as ,yere, or should be,
" taken by their forces:" and in none of their k cases
ever asked the judges what the law ,vas. By the
detern1Ïnation of the statute, and th
king's refusal,
,\\Thich hath been n1entioned before, to pass any ne,v
law to that purpose, there was no farther duty of
tonnage and poundage due upon Inerchandise, and
the statute made this very parliament involved all
men in the guilt and penalty of a præmunire, who
offered to receive it. The king published a procla-
mation upon that statute, "and requit'ed all men to
" forbear paying that duty, and forbid all to receive
"it." They again declared, "that no person, ,vho
" received those duties by virtue of their orders, ,vas
" "9ithin the danger of a præn1unire, or any other
" penalty whatsoever; because the intent and Inean-
" ing of that penal clause ,vas only to restrain the
"crown from imposing any duty or paYlnent upon
" the subjects, without their consent in parliament;
" and ,vas not intended to extend to any case ,vhere-
" unto the lords and con1mons give their assent in
" parlialnent."
i the parliament] they k their] these
YOLo III. A a

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

Tbe sub-
stance of
the decla-
ration of
the lords
and con

mons to
the states
general of
the United
Provinces.

3:54

rr II E 1-1 I
rr () It Y

A lld that this sovereignty might he farther taken
notice of than ,,-ithin the linlits of thîs kingdonl,
they sent, \vith all fornlality, letters of credence, aud
instructions, and their agents, into foreign states and
kingdolTIs.
By their agent to the United Provinces, \vhere the
queen "
as then residing, they had the courage, in
plain terms, to accuse the prince of Orange "for snp-
" plying the king with arnlS and ammunition; for
" licensing divers cOIn manders, officer
, and soldiers,
" to resort into this kingdolTI to his aid." They re-
D1eD1bered them "of the great help that they had re-
" ceived fron1 this kingdÓn1, when heretofòre they
" lay under the heavy oppression of their princes;
" and ho,v conducible the friendship of this nation

, had been to their present greatness and power;
" and therefore they could not think, that they
" ,vould be forward to help to nlake them slaves,
" who had been so useful, and assistant in D1aking
"them free men; or that they would forget, that
" their troubles and dangers issued frOlTI the sanle
" fountain with their o,vn; and that those who were
" set a,vork to undermine religion and liþerty in the
" kingdom, 'v ere the same \vho by open force did
" seek to bereave them of both." '-rhey told them,
" it could not be unkno,vn to that wise state, that
" it \vas the jesuitical faction in this kingdom, that
" had corrulJted the counsels of the king, the con-
"sciences of a great part of the clergy; \v hich
" sought to de
troy the parlianlcnt, and had raised
"the rebellion in Ireland." They desired then1
therefore, "not to suffer any nlore ordnance, ar-
" mour, or any other warlike provision, to be hrought
"over to strengthen those, ".110, as soon as they

OF l."'HE REBELLION. 855

" should prevail against the parliament, \vould use
"that stl>ength to the ruin of those fron1 Wh0111
" they had it."
They desired theIn, "they would not send over
" any of their countrYlnen to farther k their destruc-
" tion, ,vho were sent to theiTI for their preserva-
" tion; that they would not anticipate the spilling
" of English blood, in an unnatural civil war, which
" had been so cheerfully and plentifully hazarded,
" and spent, in that just and honourable ,val' by
"which they had been so long preser\Ted, and to
" \vhich the blood of those persons, and many other
" subjects of this kingdom, \vas still in a 111anner
" dedicated; but rather that they \vould cashier,
"and discard from their employment, those that
"would presume to C0111e over for that purpose."
They told them, " the question between his 111ajesty
" and the parliament was not whether he should
" enjoy the same prerogative and po\ver, ,vhich had
" belonged to their foriner kings, his majesty's royal
" predecessors; but whether that prerogative and
" po,ver should be employed to their defence, or to
" their ruin; that it could not be denied by those,
" \vho look indifferently on their proceedings and
" affairs, that it \vou]d he more honour and ,vealth,
" safety and greatness to his n)ajesty, in concurring
" with his parliament, than in the course in \vhich
" he now is: but so unhappy had his majesty and
" the kingdom been, in those who had the greatest
" influence upon his counsels, that they looked more
" upon the prevailing of their own party, than upon
" any those great advantages, both to his cro\vß

I farther] further
Aa2

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

356

THE HIS'TOR \...

" and royal person, \vhich he nlight obtain by join-
" ing \vith his people: and so cunning "'ere those
"factors for popery, in prosecution of their o\vn
" aÏ1ns, that they could put on a counterfeit visage
" of honour, peace, and greatness, upon those courses
" and counsels, \vhich had no truth and reality, but
" of weakness, dish on our, and uliseries to his lua-
" jesty, and the \vhole kingdolu."
They said, " they had lately expressed their earn-
" est inclinations to that national love and anlity
",vith the united provinces, which had been nou-
" rished and confirnlcd by so 111any civil respects,
"and 11lutual interests, as 111ade it so natural to
"them, that they had, this parliament, in their
"hulllble petition to his luajesty ill, desired, that
" they might be joined with that state in a nlore
" near and strait league and union: and they could
"not but expect sonle returns frolll thenl, of the
"like expressions; and tha.t they would be so n far
"frolll blo"dng the fire, which begun 0 to kindle
" anlong thenl, that they would rather endeavour
"to quench it, by strengthening and encouraging
" them who had no other design but not to be de-
" stroyed, and to preserve their religion, sa \Te them-
" selves, and the other refornled churches of Christ-
" endoln, frolll the massacres and extirpations, with
"\vhich the principles of the ROlnan religion did
" threaten thenl all; which were begun to be acted
" in Ireland, and in the hopes, and eI)deavours, and
"intentions of that party had long since beeu exe-
" cuted upon theIu, if the Inercy, favour, and bless-
" iug of Almighty God had not superabounded, and

m to his majesty] Not in
JUS.

n so] Not in 11-18.
o begnn] begau.

OF 'rHE REBELLION.

357

"prevented the subtilty and Inalignity of cruel, BOO K
VI.
" wicked, and bloodthirsty men."
With this specious despatch, in which were many 1642.
other particulars to render the king's cause ungra-
cious, and their own very plausible, their agent, one
Strickland, an obscure gentleman, was received by
the States; and, notwithstanding the queen was
then there, and the prince of Orange visibly inclined
to assist the king with aU his interests, and the in-
terposition of the king's resident, did not only hin-
der the States from giving the least countenance. to
the king's cause, hut really so corrupted the Eng-
lish in the arnlY, and in that P court, that there was
nothing designed to advance it by the prince of
Orange hhnself, (who with great generosity sup-
plied the king with arms and anlffiunition
o a very
considerable value,) or by the private activity and
dexterity of particular persons, out of their own for-
tune, or by the sale or pa \vning of jewels, but intel-
ligence was given soon enough to the parliament,
either to get stops, and seizures upon it, hy order of
the state, or to intercept the supply by their navy
at sea. So that much more was in that Jnanner,
and by that means, taken and intercepted at sea,
than ever arrived at any port within his nlajesty's
obedience: of \vhich at that tinle he had only one,
the harbour of Newcastle. \Vith the same success
they sent another agent to Brussels, who prevôiled
with don Francisco de 1\1elos, then governor of
Flanders, to discountenance always, and sometimes
to prevent, the preparations which \vere there mak..
ing by the king's n1Ïnisters. And in France they

P that] the
..\a3

3
8

TIlE HIS'rORY

BOOK had another agent, one Aulgier, a Dlan long before
VI.
in the constant pay of the crown; who, though he
) 642. "Tas not received, and avo\ved, (to put the better
varnish upon their professions to the king,) by that
crown, did them more service than either of the
other; by how Bluch 11lore that people had an influ-
ence upon the distempers of the three kingdol11s.
The incli- And as the parlial1lent nlade all these addresses
nations of
foreign to foreign states and princes, ,vhich no parliament

:

:

d had ever done before, so it ,vill he fit here to take
this cause notice how other P rinces a pp eared concerned on the
between .
the king, king's behalf. The Spaniard was sufficiently in-
and parha- ..
meut. censed by the klng's receptIon of the alnLassadors of
Portugal, and, ,vhich ,vas more, entering into terlTIS
of amity and league with t.hat crown, and had there-
fore contributed nota hIe assistance to the rebellion
in Ireland, and sent both arnlS and money thither.
And since the extravagances of this parlialnent, the
amhassador of Spain q had lllade great application
to them.
The French, according to their nature, were Iuuch
more active, and more intent upon blo\ving the fire.
The former comnlotions in Scotland had been raised
by the special encouragement, if not contriv:lnce, of
the cardinal Richelieu; who had carefully kept up
and enlarged the old franchises of the Scots under
that cro"'
n; ,vhich Illade a very specious sho\v of
\vonderful grace and benefit, at, a distance, to that
nation, and was of little burden to the French; and,
in truth, of little advantage to those who were in
full possession of all those privileges r. Yet, hy this
Ineans, the French have aI\\rays had a very great

q of Spain] of that king

r privileges] relations

OF THE REBELLION.

359

influence upon the affections of that people, and op-
portunities to ,vork great prejudice to that crown:
as nothing ,vas more visible than that, by the S car-
dinal's activity, all those late disten1pers in Scotland
,vere carried on till his death, and, by his rules and
principles, afterwards: the French ministers always
Inaking their correspondence with, and relation to
those ,vho were taken notice to be of the puritan
party; ,vhich was understood to be in order only to
the opposition of those counsels, ,vhich should at
any time be offered on the behalf of Spain.
Since the beginning of this parliament, the French
anlbassador, n10nsieur
a Ferté, disselnbled not to
have notable fanliliarity ,vith those who governed
Dl0st in the t\VO houses; discovered to them what-
soever he knew, or could reasonably devise to the
prejudice of the king's counsels and resolutions;
and took aU opportunities to lessPll and undervalue
the king's regal power, by applying himself on pub-
lic occasions of state, and in his n13ster's nanle, and
to improve his interest, to the two houses of parlia-
ll1ent) (\vhich had in no age before been ever known,)
as in the business of transportation of men out of
Ireland, before remembered; in which he caused,
by the Ï1nportunity of the t\VO houses, his majesty's
prolnise and engagement to the Spanish alnhassador
to be rendered of no effect. And, after that, he
forolally exhibited, in \vriting, a cOlnplaint to the
t\VO houses against sir Thomas Rowe, his majesty's
extraorùinary alnhassador to the elnperor, and princes
. of Germany, upon the treaty of an acconlmodation
on the behalf of the prince elector and restitution of

the] that
Aa4

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

360

'íIIE IIIS'rOn,y

the palatinate, confidently avo,ving, " that sir Tho..
h Inas Ro\ve had offered, on the king's part, to enter
"into a league offensive and defensive ,vith the
" house of Austria, and to ,ved all their interests ;"
and, in plain terlns, asked thenl, "whether they had
" given sir Thomas t instructions to that purpose?"
expressing a great value his master had of the affec-
tion of the parlianlent of England; which drew
them to a return of lunch and unusual civility, and
to assure the French king, " that sir Thomas Ro,ve
"had no such instructions from them; and that
" they would exanline the truth of it; and ,vould
" be careful that nothing should be done and per-
"fected in that treaty, which might reflect upon
" the good of the French king." 'Vhereas in truth
there ,vas not the least ground or pretence for that
suggestion; sir ,Thomas Ro\ve having never made
any such offer, or any thing like it. And ,vhen,
after his return out of Gern1any, he expostulated
with the French ambassador, for such an injurious,
causeless information, he answered, " that U his mas-
"ter had received such advertisement, and had
" given him order to do what he did." So that it
easily appeared, it was only a fiction of state, where-
by they took occasion to publish, that they ,vould
take any opportunity to resort x to the two houses,
and thereby to flatter thell1 in their usurpation of
any sovereign authority.
'rhere is not a sadder consideration than this pas..
sion, and injustice, in Christian princes, (and I pray
God the ahnighty justice be not angry, on this ac-

t sir Thomas] him to resort] would on any occa-
u that] that since sion resort
x would take any opportunity

OF 'l'HE REBELLION.

361

count, with the government of kings, princes, and
states,)} that they are seldon1 z so so
citous that the
la,vs be executed, justice administered, and order
perforlned a ,vithin their o""n kingdolTIs, as they are
that all three 111ay be disturbed and confounded
amongst their neighbours. And b there is no sooner
a spark of dissension, a discomposure in affections,
a jealousy in understandings, discerned to be in c a
neighbour province, or kingdom, to the hazarding
the d peace thereof, but they, though in league and
an1ity, with their utmost art and industry, lTIake it
their business to kindle that spark into a flan1e, and
to contract and ripen all unsettled humours, and
jealous apprehensions, into a perelnptory discontent,
and all discontent to sedition, and all sedition to
open and professed rebellion. And they have rare-
ly e so ample satisfaction in their own greatness, or
so great a sense and value of God's blessing upon
them, as ,vhen they have been instrun1ents of dra,v-
ing some notorious calamity upon their neighLours.
As if the religion of princes ,vere nothing but po-
licy, and that they considered nothing more, than
to make f all other kingdoms but their own miser-
able: and g because God hath reserved them to be
tried only within his own jurisdiction, and before

Y There is-and states,] Thus
in .1.11/8.: There is not a sadder
oonsideration (and 1 pray God
the almighty justice be not an-
gry with, and weary of the go-
vernment of kings and princes,
for it is a strange declension mo-
narchical government is fallen
to, in the opinion of t he com-
mon people within these late
)"ears) than this passion and in-
justic{>J in Christian priuees,

7 seldom] not
a performed] preserved
b And] And therefore
C to be in] .IUS. adds: or to
be easy to be infused into
u the] of the
e And they have rarely] And
have never
f and that they considered
nothin
n10re than to make]
enough to make
b and] and that

BOOK
VI.

1642.

nOOK
VI.

1642.

Sö2

TI-IE HISTORY

bis own tribunal that he means to try then1 too b)
other laws, and rules, than he hath published to the
world for his øservants to walk by. \Vhereas they
ought to consider, that God hath placed them over
his people as exanlples, and to give countenance to
his laws by their o\vn strict observation of then1;
and that as their subjects are to be defended and
})rotected by their princes, h so they i then1selves are
to he assisted and supported by one another; the
function of kings being an order k by itself: and as
a contelnpt and breach of every law is, in th
policy
of state, 1 an offence. against the person of the king,
because there is a kind of violation m offered to his
!Jerson in the transgression of that rule without
,vhich he cannot govern; so the rebellion of sub-
jects against their prince ought to be looked upon,
by all other kings, as an assault of their own sovc-
l
eignty, and, in SOlne degree, n a design against
mon
rchy itself; and consequently to be suppressed,
and extirpated, in what other kingdoln soever it is,
,vith the like 0 concernment as if it ,vere in their
own bo,vels.
Besides these indirect artifices, and activity be-
fore 111entioned P in the French ambassador, very
1113ny ofq the Hugonots in France (with whon1 this
cro\vn heretofore, it may be, kept too much corre-
spondence) r ,vere declared enemies to the king;
and, in public and in secret, gave all possible assist-

h their princes,] them,
i they] Not in ftlS.
k an order] a classis
I state.] states,
m violation] violence
n in some degree,] Not in .1,18.
o the like] the same

P before mentioned] Not in JI8.
(} very many of] Not in Al S.
r (\vith whom - correspond-
ence)] Thus originally in J1 S. .-
from whom this crown hcreto-
fore reccived wonderful advan-
tages

OF TI-IE REBELI
ION. 563

ance to those whose business was to destroy the
church. And as this animosity proved of unspeak-
able inconvenience and dall1age to the king, through-
out all these troubles, and of equal benefit to his
enel11ies; so the occasion, fron1 ,vhence those dis-
affections gre,v, was very unskilfully and impru-
del1tIy adnlinistered by the state here. Not to speak
of the business of Rochelle, which, though it stuck
deep in all, yet most iU1puted the counsels of that
time to men that were dead, and not to a fixed de-
sign of the court; they had S a greater quarrel, which
l11ade them believe, that their very religion was per-
secuted hy the church of England.
'Vhen the reformation of religion first begun t in
England, in the time of king Edward the Sixth,
very many, out of Geru1any and France, left their
countries, where the reforlnation was severely per-
secuted, and transplanted themselves, their families,
and estates, into England, \vhere they ,vere received
very hospitably; and that king, ,vith great piety and
policy, by several acts of state, granted them many
indemnities, and the free use of churches in London
for the exercise of their religion: whereby the num-
ber of them increased; and the benefit to the king-
donl, by such an access of trade, and improvement
of manufactures, was very considerable. 'Vhich 11
queen Elizabeth finding, and ,veIl knowing that other
notable uses of then1 Inight be made, enlarged their
privileges by new concessions; dra,ving, by all
means, great x numbers over, and suffering them to
erect churches, and to enjoy the exercise of their re..

5 they had] but they hael
t begun] began

n 'Yhich] The which
x great] greater

BOOK
VI.

1642.

BOOK
VI.

1642.

..

S64

THE I-IISTORY

ligion after their own manner, and according to their
own cerelnonies, in aU places, where, for the conve-
niencr of their trade, they chose to reside. And so
they had churches in Nornrich, Canterbury, and other
places of the kingdom, as ,veIl as in London; 'v here-
by the wealth of those places marvellously increased.
And, besides the benefit from thence, the queen made
use of them in her great transactions of state in
France, and the Lo,v Countries, and, by the Inedi-
ation and interposition of those people, kept an use-
ful interest in that party, in all the foreign donli..
nions ,vhere they \vere tolerated. The same char..
ters of liberty ,vere continued and granted to them,
during the peaceable reign of king James, and in
the beginning of this king's reign, although, it may
be, the politic considerations in those concessions,
and connivances, were neither made use of, nor un..
derstood.
Some few years before these troubles, when the
po\\rer of churchmen grew nlore transcendent, and
indeed the faculties and understandings of the lay..
counsellors more dull, lazy, and unactive, (for, ,vith..
out the last, the first could have done no hurt,) the
bishops gre,v jealous that the countenancing another
discipline of the church here, by order of the state,
(for those foreign congregations were governed hy a
presbytery, according to the custom and constitution
of those parts of which they had been natives: theY
French, Dutch, and "T alloons had the free use of
several churches according to their o,vn discipline,)
,vould at least din1inish the reputation and dignity
of the episcopal governnlent, and give some coun-

the] for the

O:F THE REBELLION.

365

tenance z to the factious and schismatical party in BOO K
England to hope for such a toleration. VI.
Then there wanted not some fiery, turbulent, and 1642.
content.ious persons of the same congregations, "Tho.
upon private differences and contests, were ready to
inform against their brethren, and to discover what,
they thought, Inight prove of D10st prejudice to
theln; so that, upon pretence that they far exceed...
ed the liberties ,vhich were granted to them, and
that, under the notion of foreigners, many English
separated themselves from the church, and joined
themselves to those congregations, (which possibly
,vas in part true,) the council-board connived at a, or
interposed not, whilst b the bishops did son1e acts of
restraint, ,vith which those congregations C grew ge-
nerally discontented, and thought the liberty of their
consciences to be taken froln thelll ; which caused in
London d much c0111plaining of this kind, but nluch
more in the diocese of Norwich; where Dr. 'Vren,
the bishop there, passionately and ,varlnlye proceed-
ed against them: so that lnany left the kingdonl, to
the lessening the ,vealthy Inanufacture there of ker-
seys, and narrow cloths, and, "rhich was \vorse, trans-
}1orting that nlystery into foreign parts.
And, that this lnight be sure to look like more
than \vhat \vas necessary to the civil policy of the
kingdoln, "rhereas, in all foriner tÎlnes, the aluhassa-
dol's, and all foreign n1Ïnisters of state, employed
fronl England into any parts where the refoflned re-

Z countenance] hope and
countenance
a at] Not in IJIS.
b whilst] that
c those congregations] that

tribe
d which caused in London]
and so in London there was
e warmly] furiously

nOOK
VI.

] ô,-12.

366

THE HISTORY

ligion was exercised, frequented their churches, gaye
all possible countenance to their profession, and held
correspondence \vith the 1110st active and powerful
persons of that relation, and particularly the am-
bassador liegeI'. at Parisf had diligently and con-
stantly frequented the church at Charenton, and held
a fair intercourse \\Tith those of that religion through-
out the kingdoln, by \vhich they had still received
advantage, that people being industrious and active
to get into the secrets of the state, and so deriving
all necessary intelligence to those \Vh0111 they desired
to gratify: the contrary to this b was now \vith great
industry practised, and SOll1e advertiseillents, if not
instructions, given to the ambassadors there, "to
"forbear any extraordinary COllllnerCe \vith the
" men of that profession. h" And the lord Scud a-
l11ore, who \yas the last ordinary al11bassador there,
before the beginning of this parliament, \vhether
by the inclinations' of his own nature, or by advice
from others, not only declined going to Charenton,
but furnished his own chapel, in his house, with
such ornaments, (as candles upon the c0111munion-
table, and the like,) as gave great offence and U1l1-
brage to those of the reformation there k , who had
not seen the like: besides that he was careful to
publish, upon all occasions, hy hiInself, and those
who had the nearest relation to hÍ1n, "that the
"church of England looked not on the Hugonots
"as a part of their communion;" \vhich \vas like-

f at Paris] JUS. adds: frOlll
the t.ime of the reformation
g to this] whereof
Ii the men of that }>,.ofession.]

that tri be.
i inclinations] inclination
k there] Nnt in illS.

,

OF THE REBELLION.

367

wise too 111uch and too industriously discoursed at BOOK
Vt.
home.
They of the church of England 1 who cOlnnlitted ] G42.
the greatest errors this way, had, undoubtedly, not m
the least thoughts of lnaking alterations in it to-
,yards the countenancing C!f popery, n as hath been
uncharitably conceived: but (having too just cause
given then1 to dislike the passion, and licence,
that ,vas taken by SOl1le persons in the refOl"nled
churches, under the notion of conscience and reli-
gion, to the disturbance of the peace of kingdol1ls)
unskilfully believed, that the total declining the in-
terest of that party, \vhere it exceeded the necessary
bounds of refOflllation, \volild n1ake this church of
England looked upon with lnore reverence; and that
thereby the COlllmOn ad versar}', the papist, \vould
abate some,vhat of his arrogance and supercilious-
ness; and that both parties,o piously considering the
charity which religion should beget, l11ight, if not
unite, yet refrain fronl the bitterness and uncharit-
. ablcness of contention in nlatters of opinion, and
agree in p the practical duties of Christians and sub-
jects. Thus, q contracting their considerations in
too narro\v a cOlllpass, these InCn r contented them-
selves with their pious intentions, without duly
weighing objections, or the circunlstances of policy.
And some of our o\vn con1n1union, ,vho s differed
\vith theln in opinion in this point, though they

I of the church of England]
Not in J.1-18.
m ut1doubtedly, not] no doubt,
n making alterations ill it to-
wards the counten
ncing of po-
pery,] making any alterations in
the church of England,

o and that both parties,] and
so all parties,
P and agree in] severed from
() Thus,] And so,
r these men] Not in JUS.
S And some of onr own com-
1l1HUiol1, who] And the)
who

368

THE HIS'l'ORY

\vere in the right, not giving, and, it Inay be, not
knowing the right reasons, rather confiro1ed than re-
forl11ed thelll in their inclinations: neither of then1
discerning the true and substantial grounds of that t
}Jolicy, upon ,vhich that good correspondence u had
heen founded, \\rhich they ,\.ere no,v about to change:
.... and soX the church of England, not giving the saIne
countenance to those of the religion in foreign parts,
".hich it had formerly done, no sooner ,vas discern-
ed to be under a cloud at home, but those of the re-
ligion abroad were glad of the occasion to publish
their 111alice against her, and to enter into the saine
conspiracy against the crown, \vithout which they
could have done litt1e hurt to the church. x
Now, to return to the course of our history;Y after
all discourses and Inotions for peace "
ere, for a tÎlue,
laid aside; and new thoughts of victory, and utter]y
subduing the king's party, again entertained; they
found one trouble falling upon then1, \vhich they had
least suspected, want of n10ney; all their vast sums
collected, upon any former bills, passed by the king
for the relief of Ireland, and paYlnent of the debt
to the Scots, and all their n10ney upon subscrip-
tions of plate, and loans upon the public faith, which

BOOK
VI.

] 6-12.

t that] Not in 1118.
u that good correspondence]
those conclusions
x and so-to the church.l
Thus originally in MS. C. It
were therefore to be wished,
that in all great acts of state
son1e memorials should he kept,
and always resenTed in the ar-
chi\-"es of the crown, of the true
ulOtives and grounds of such
acts, (which are seldom the same
that a}Jpear publicly;) whereby

posterity may duly discern, be-
fore any alteration or revoca-
tion, the policy thereof, and so
take heed that that mav not
be looked upon as indifferent,
which, rightly understood, is of a
substantial consideration. This
was the state of the king's af-
t
lirs at home and abroad, when
his standard was erected at K ot-
tingham.
Y Now, to return to the COl1n
e
of our history;] Not in 'l1S.

OF
]' I-IJi
JIEDELI. ION.

369

amounted to incredible proportions, "'"ere even quite Bon K
VI.
\vasted; and their constant expense ,vas so great,
that no ordinary supply ,vould serve their tUl"n; and ] 642.
they easily discerned, that their Bloney only, and not
their cause, procured then1 soldiers of all kinds; and
that they could never support their power, if their
po,ver ,vas not able to supply theìn. All voluntary
loans \vere at an end, and the public faith thought
a security not to be relied on, and z by ho\v n1uch
greater the difficulty ,vas, by so 111uch the nlore fatal
,yould the sinking under it prove; and therefore it
,vas ,vith the n10re vigour to be resisted. In the
end, they resolved upon the thorough a execution of
their full sovereign po,ver, and to let the people see
,,'"hat they ll1ight trust to; in ,vhich it is necessary
t.o observe the arts and degrees of their lllotion.
They first ordered, " that con1ll1ittees should be New ways
d . II · k L' .. of raising
"name In a counties, to ta
e care Jor proVISIons money by
" of victuals for the army, and also for the taking up
:
):;:

'" of horses for service in the field, dragooners and
" draught horses, and for borro,ving of money and
h plate to supply the army: and upon certificate frolll
" those b conllTIittees," ("rho had power to set what ·
value or rates they pleased upon these provisions of
any kind,) " the same should be entered with their
" treasurer, ,vho should hereafter repay t.he san1e."
I t ,vas then alleged, "that this would only draw
" supplies from their friends, and the well affected;
" and that others, who either liked not their pro-
"ceedings, or loved their Inoney better than the
" liberty of their country, would not contribute."
Upon this it was ordered, "that in case' the o,,:"ners

z aud] Not in lJtlS.
VOL. lIT.

a thorough] fun
Bb

b those] these

BOOK
YI.

1642.

870

TI-IE IIISTORY

" refused to hring in Inoney, provisions, plate, and
" horse, upon the public faith, for the use of the
" arlllY; for the better preventing the spoil, and
"elnbezzling of such provisions of Inoney, plate,
"and horses, by the disorder of the soldiers, and
"that they Inay not come into the hands of the
" enelnies, that the committees, or any t\VO of thenl,
" should be authorized, and enabled to send for such
" provisions, 11loney, plate, and horses; and to take
" the same into their custody, and to set indifferent
"value and rate upon them; \vhich value they
" should certify to the treasurers, for the propor-
" tions to be repaid at such tilTle, and in such 11lan-
" ner, as should be ordered by both houses of par-
" lianlent."
This was done only to shew what they 11leant to
do over all England, and as a stock of credit to
thenl. For at present it would neither supply their
wants; neither ,vas it seasonable for then1, or in-
deed possible to endeavour the execution of it in
many counties. London ,vas the place from whence
only their present help 111ust conle. To thenl there-
fore they declared, " that the king's arnlY had made
"divers asseSSlnents upon several counties, and the
" subjects were conlpelled, by the soldiers, to pay
"the same; \vhich arnlY, if it continued, ,vould
". soon ruin and ,vaste the whole kingdo111; and
"overthro\v religion, la\v, and liberty: that there
" was no probable ,vay, under God, for the suppre
s-
" ing that arlUY, and other ill affected persons, but
" by the army raised by the authority of the parlia-
"
ent; which arlllY could not he ITlaintained, ,vith-
"out great sums of money; and for raising such
" SUU1S, there could he no act of parlian1cnt passed

OF TI-IE REBELLION. 371
,
"with his luajesty's assent, albeit there was great
"justice that such money should be raised: that,
" hitherto, the army had been, for the most part,
" maintained by the voluntary contributions of well
"affected people, who had freely contributed ac...
" cording to their abilities: that there were divers
" others within the cities of London and Westmin...
" ster, and the suburbs, that had not contributed at
" all towards the maintenance of that army, or if
" they had, yet not answerable to their estates;
" who not\vithstanding received benefit and protec-
"tion by the saine arlllY, as ,veIl as any others;
" and therefore it was most just, ,that they should,
" as \veIl as others, be charged to contribute to the
" maintenance thereof."
Upon these grounds and reasons, it was ordained,
"by the authority of parlian1ent, that Isaac Pen-
"nington, the then lord mayor of London, and
" some other aldermen, and citizens, or any four of
" theln, should have po\ver and authority to nomi-
" nate, and appoint, in every ward, within the city
" of London, six such persons as they should think
" fit, who should have power to inquire of all who
"had not contributed upon the propositions con-
"cerning the raising of money, plate, &c. and of
"such able men who had contributed, yet not ac-
" cording to their estates and abilities; and those
" persons so substituted, or any four of them, within
" their several wards and linlits, should have po\ver
" to assess all persons of ability who had not con-
" tributed, and also those who had contributed, yet
" not according to their ability, to pay such sums of
" money, according to their estates, as the assessors,
" or any four of them, should think reasonable, so
nb2

BOOK
VI.

1642.

OI'L'C)
Ù ,.",

T II E !-1 I S rr 0 It Y

BOO K "as the san1e exceeded not the t,ventieth P art of
VI.
" their estates; and to nOlninate fit persons for the
1642. "receipt r thereof. And if any person so assessed
" should refuse to pay the money so assessed upon
" hiIn, it should be la,,-ful for the assessors and col-
"lectors to levy that SUlll by ,vay of distress, and
" sale of the goods of persons so refusing. And if
" any person distrained should n1ake resistance, it
" should be la\\rful for the assessors and collectors to
" call to their assistance any of the trained bands of
" London, or any other of s his 111ajesty's suhjects;
" ,vho ,vere required to be aiding and assisting to
"thein. The e burgesses of "r esÌlninster and South-
" \vark, and a cOinmittee appointed to that purpose,
" \vere to do the sanle within those liInits, a
the
" other in London."
And that there might be no stratagenl to avoid
this tax, (so strange and unlooked for,) by a second
ordinance in explanation of the fornler, they or-
dained, "that, if no sufficient distress could be
" found for the payment of what should he assessed,
" the collectors should have power to inquire of any
" sum of nloney due to those persons so assessed,
"froB1 what persons soever, for rents, goods, or
" debts, or for any other thing or cause \vhatsoever.
" And the collectors had po\\-er to receive an such
" debts, until the full value of the sunlS so assessed,
" and the charges in levying or recovering tbe saIne,
" should be satisfied: and lest the discovery of those
" debts Inight be difficult, the saIne collectors had
" power to compound fòr any rents, goods, or debts,
" due to such persons so assessed, ,vith any person

.

c receipt] collection

d of] Not in JIS. e The] And the

OF 'fI-IE REBELI...ION.

373

" by whom the sanle ,vas due, and to give full dis-
" charges for the money so cOlnponnded for, which
" should be good and effectual to all purposes. And
" if the Inoney assessed could not be levied by any
" of these ,vays, then the persons assessed should be
" imprisoned in such places of the kingdom, and for
" so long tinle, as the cOlllmittee of the house of
"C01111110nS for exan)inations should appoint, and
" order; and the fan1ilies of all such persons so im-
" prisoned should no longer remain \,rithin the cities
" of London or "r estn1Ïnster, the suburbs, or the
" counties adjacent. And all assessors and collectors
" should have the protection of both houses of par-
" lialnent, for their indenlnity in that service, and
"receive allo,vance for their pains and charges."
I
Several additional and explanatory orders they made
for tbe better execution of this grand one, by every
of which some clause of severity, and monstrous ir-
regularity, ,vas added; and, for the c0111ple111ent of
all, they ordered that then1selves, the lllelnbers of
either house, should not be assessed by any but
themselves. f
'rhe truth is, the king \vas not sorry to see this
ordinance, which he thought so prodigious, that he
should have been a greater gainer by it than they
that made it; seeing it \vas g so palpable and clear
a deUlonstration of the tyra
ny the people were to
live under, that they \vonld easily have discerned
the change of their condition: yet he took so much
pains, to a\vaken his subjects to a due apprehension
of it, and to apply the thorough consideration of it
to then1, that he puhlished a declaration upon that

f by any but themselves.] by
an\' body.

g seeing it was] which he
thought
nbB

ROOK
VI.

.

16.1:?

374

'rIlE HISTORY

BOOK ordinance; the ,,
hich, presenting many things to
VI. them, \vhich have since fallen out, Inay be, in this
1 fi42. place, fit to be inserted in the king's o\vn words,
which were these:
His majes- " It would not h be believed, (at least great pains
ty's decla

ratio
upon" have been taken that it might not,) that the pre-
occasIOn of d d d . f h . 1 .. ( h fi
the former "ten e or Inance 0 t e n111tla, t erst attempt
ordinance. "that ever was, to Inake a law by ordinance, ,vith-
" out our consent,) or the keeping us out of Hull,
"and taking our arlllS and auununition frolll us,
" could any ,yay concern the interest, property, or
" liberty of the subject: and it ,vas confessed, by
"that desperate declaration itself of the 26th of
" l\lay, that if they ,vere found guilty of that charge
" of destroying the title and interest of our subjects
"to their lands and goods, it ,vere indeed a very
" great crime. But it ,vas a strange fatal lethargy
" \vhich had seized our good people, and kept thelll
"from discerning that the nobility, gentry, and
" cOlnlnonalty of England were not only stripped of
" their preen1inences i and privileges, but of their li-
" berties and estates, \vhen our just rights were de-
" nied us; and that no subject could froln thence-
"forth expect to d\vell at hon1e, ,,,hen \ve ,vere
" driven from our houses and our to,vns. It ,vas
"not possible, that a commission could be granted
" to the earl of Essex, to raise an arlny against us,
" and, for the safety of our person, and preservation
" of the peace of the kingdo111, to pursue, kill, and
" slay us, and all who ,vish "Tell to us, but that, in
" a short tilne, inferior cOl1ullanders, by the san1e
" authority, would require our good subjects, for the

h It would uot] This declara-
tion is in the handwriting of lord

Clarendon's secretary.
i preeminences] preeminence

OF THE REBELLION.

375

"maintenance of the property of the subject, to
" supply them with such sunlS of lnoney as they
"think fit, upon the peualty of being plundered
" with all extrelnity of war, (as the title of sir Ed-
" ,yard Bainton's warrant runs, against our poor
" subjects in \Viltshire,) and by such rules of unli-
"nlited arbitrary power as are inconsistent with
" the least pretence or shado\v of that property, it
" ,vould seenl to defend.
" If there could he yet any understanding so un-
" skilful and supine to believe, that these disturbers
" of the public peace do intend any thing but a ge-
"neral confusion, they have brought them a sad
" argument to their o\vn doors to convince them.
" After this ordinance and declaration, it is not in
" any sober Inan's po,ver to believe hinlself to be
" ,vorth any thing, or that there is such a thing as
" law, liberty, or property, left in England, under
"the jurisdiction of these 111en. And the saine
" po,vcr that robs theln now of the twentieth part
" of their estates, hath, by that, but Inade a clainl,
" and entitled itself to the other nineteen, when it
"shall be thought fit to hasten the general ruin.
" Surp, if the J11inds of all lnen be not stubbornly
" prepared for servitude, they \villlook on this ordi...
" nance, as the greatest prodigy of arbitrary po,ver
" and tyranny, that any age hath brought forth in
h any kingdonl. Other grievances '(and the great-
" cst) have been conceived intolerable, rather by the
"logic and consequence, than by the pressure it-
" self: this at once sweeps
nvay all that the ,vis-
" doni and justice of parlialnents have provided for
"them. Is their property in their estates, (so care-
" fully looked to by thcir ancestors, and so al11}>ly
Bb4

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

1 û4:2.

376

TIlE 1Il5'rOlt y

" established by us, against any possibility of inva-
" sion from the cro\\?n,) which makes the nleanest
" subject as nluch a lord of his o,vn as the greatest
" peer, to be valued, or considered? IIere is a t\\Ten-
"tieth part of every Ulan's estate, or so lTIuch as
"four men \vill please to call the t,ventieth part,
" taken away at once, and yet a po\\-er left to take
" a t,ventieth still of that ,vhich rClnains; and this
" to be levied by such circuulstances of severity, as
" no act of parlialnent ever consented to.
"Is their liberty, ,vhich distinguishes subjects
"froll1 slaves, and in ,vhich this freeborn nation
" hath the advantage of all Christendoll1, dear to
" thelll? They shall not only be Ï1nprisoned in such
" places of this kingdonl, (a latitude of judglllcnt 110
" court can challenge to itself in any cases,) but for
"so long tilne as the conlnlittee of the })ouse of
"COlll1110ns for examination shall appoint and 01'-
" del': the house of COlllmons itself having never
" assumed, or in the least degree pretended to, a
" pO\\Ter of judicature; having no 11lore authority to
" adlllinister an oath, the only ,yay to discover and
"find out the truth of facts, than to cut off t}le
" heads of any of our subjects: and this cOlnnlittee
" being so far from being a part of the parliament,
" that it is destructive to the \\i-hole, by usurping to
" itself all the po,ver of king, lords, and comlnons.
" All ,vho know any thing of parliaments kno\v
"that a cOlnnlittee of either house ought not, by
" the la\v, to publish their o\vn results; neither are
"their conclusions of any force, \vithout the con-
" firn1ation of the house, \vhich hath the same po,ver
" of controlling them, as if the ll1atter had never
" been debated. But that any cOlnmittee should be

OI
' TI-IE IIEBELLIOX.

377

" so contracted, (as this of exan1inat.ion, a style no
" conlnlÍttee ever bore before this parliament,) as to
" exclude the Inel11bers of the honse, ,vho are equal-
" ly trusted by their country, froin being present at
" the counsels, is so monstrous to the privileges of
" parlialnent, that it is no Jll0re in the po,ver of any
., 111an to give up that freedonl, than of hinlself to
" order, that, froln that tÎ1ne'l the place for ,vhieh
" he serves shall never 11lore send a knight or bur-
"gess to the parlialnent; and in truth is no less
"than to alter the "'
Thole franle of governnlent, to
" pull up parliaments by the roots, and to cODllnit
" the lives, liberties, and estates, of all the people of
" England to the arbitrary po\ver of a fe\v unquali-
" fled persons, ,vho shall dispose thereof according
" to their discretion, without account to any rule or
" authority \\rhatsoever.
" Are their friends, their \vives, and children, the
" greatest blessings of peace, and comforts of life,
"precious to thenl? "r ould their penury and im-
"prisonlnent be less grievous by those cordials?
" They shall be divorced fron1 thenl, banished, and
" shall no longer renlain within the cities of London
"and "r esttninster, the suhurbs and the counties
" adjacent; and ho\v far those adjacent counties
" shall extend no man knows. Is there no\v any
"thing left to enjoy hut the liberty to rebel, and
" destroy one another? r\re the out\vard blessings
" only of peace, property, and liberty, taken and
"forced froill our suhjects? A
e their consciences
" free and unassaultcd by the violence of these fire-
" brands? Sure the liberty and freedoln of COTI-
"science cannot suffer by these 111en. Alas! all
"these punislllucnts arc iInposed upon thCIU, be-

BOOK
VI.

1642.

378

THE HISTORY

BOO K "cause they will not submit to actions 'contrary to
VI.
" their natural loyalty, to their oaths uf allegiance
) 6-12. " and supremacy, and to their late voluntary pro-
,.. testation, which obliges then1 to the care of our
" person, and our just rights.
" Ho\v lnany persons of honour, quality, and re-
" putation, of the sev"eral counties of England, are
"no\v imprisoned, without any objections against
" them, but suspicion of their loyalty! How luany
" of the gravest and lnost substantial citizens of
" London, by \vhon1 the gO\Ternment and discipline
" of that city ,vas preserved, are disgraced, robbed,
"and imprisoned, \vithout any process of hnv, or
" colour of accusation, but of obedience to the law
" and governlnent of the kingdo111! \vhilst anabap-
" tists and Bro,vnists, with the assistance of vicious
" and debauched persons of desperate fortunes, take
" upon then1 to break up and rifle houses, as public
" and avo\ved ministers of a ne"'T-invented authority.
" Ho\v many godly, pious, and painful divines, ,vhose
"lives and learning have Inade theln of rev"erend
" estimation, are now slandered ,vith inclination to
" ])opery, discountenanced, and itn}1risoned, for dis-
" charging their consciences, instructing the people
"in the Christian duty of religion and obedience!
",vhilst schisillatical, illiterate, and scandalous
" preachers fill the pülpits and churches with bla
-
" phen1Y, irreverence, and treason; and incite their
" auditory to nothing but lllurder and rebellion.
" 'Ve pass over the vu]gar charln, by ,vhich they
" have captivated such "rho have been contented to
" dispense \vith their consciences for the prescrva-
"tion of their estates, and by \\' hich they persuade
" men cheerfully to part with this t\ventieth }1art of

OF THE REBELLION. 379

" their estates to the good work in hand. For who-
"soever will give ,vhat he hath may escape rob-
"bing. They shall be repaid upon the public faith,
"as all other monies lent upon the propositions of
" both houses. It Dlay be so. But lllen Dlust be
"condemned to a strange unthriftiness, who will
" lend upon such security. The public faith indeed
"is as great an earnest as the state can give, and
" engages the honour, reputation, and honestJT of the
" nation, and is the act of the kingdom: it is the
" security of the king, the lords, and COlnmons, ,vhich
" can never need an executor, can never die, never
" be bankrupt; and therefore ,ve \villingly consent-
" ed to it for the indelnnity of our good subjects of
" Scotland, (,vho, we hope, ,vill not think the worse
" of it for being so often and so cheaply Inentioned
" since.) But that a vote of one, or both houses,
" should be an engagenlent upon the public faith, is
" as ilnpossible as that the cOlnmittee of the house
" of comlnons for exan1ination should be the high
" court of parlianlent.
" And ,vhat is or can be said, ,vith the least sha-
" do\v of reason, to justify these extravagances? \Ve
"have not heard lately of the fundanlental la\vs,
" which used to warrant the innovations: these need
" a refuge even belo,v those foundations. They ,vill
" say, they cannot lnanage their great undertakings
" \\rithout such extraordinary \\rays. \Ve think so
"too. But that proves only, they have undertakçn
" sOlnc,vhat they ought not to undertake, not tbat
" it is la\vful for then1 to do any thing that is con-
" vcnicnt for those ends. ,,' e relnenlhcrcd then1
" long ago, and we cannot do it too often, of that
" excellent speech of 1\11'. Pym's. '1'he la\v is that

BOOK
VI.

] 642.

BOOK
VI.

J 642.

380

'rHE HISTORY

"\vhich puts a difference bet,vixt good and evil,
" just k and unjust: if you take a\vay the la,v, all
" things ".ill be in a confusion, every Dlan ,,,ill bc-
" C0111e a law unto hhnself; ,vhich, in the depraved
" conditioD of hu In an nature, ]11 l.ist needs produce
" nla11Y great enorn1Íties. Lust ,viII becolne a ]a\v,
" and envy will becolne a la"r, covetousness and am-
" bitio11 ,vill beconle hnvs; and ,vhat dictates, \\That
" decision, such la,vs ,vill produce, 111ay easily he dis-
" ceroed: it filar indeed by sad I instances over the
" ",-hole kingdom.
"But will posterity believe, that, in the sanIe
"parlialnent, this doctrine ,vas avo\ved ,vith that
" acclalllation, and these instances after produced?
" That, in the saIne parlialnent, such care \vas taken
"that no Dlan should be cOlnmitted in ,vhat case
" soever, \vithout the cause m of his ÏInprisonnlent
" expressed; and that an men should be inllnedi-
" ately hailed in all cases bailable; and, during the
" san1e parlianlent, that alderlnan Pennington, or in-
"deed any body else, but the s\vorn ministers of
"justice, should iInprison wholn they would, and
" for ,,,hat they ,vonId, and for as long time as they
" would? 'That the king should be reproached ,,,ith
" breach of privilege, for accusing sir .John Hothanl
" of high treason, ,vhen ,vith force of arn1S he kept
"him out of H uIl, and despised hitn to his face,
" becanse in no case a 11lelnber of either house might
" be cOlnmitted, or accused \vithout leave of that
"house of which he is a J]1elnber; and yet that,
" during the same parlianlent, the same alderman
" shall C0l11nlit the earl of l\liddlesex, a peer of the

k just] betwixt ju
t

1 sad] these sad

m cause] case

OF THE REnf
I
l
IOX.

381

" realtll, and the lord Buckhurst, a 111enlher of the
" house of conlIDons, to the counter, ,vithout repre-
" hension? That to be a traitor (,vhich is defu.led,
" and every nlan understands) should be no crÎIne;
" and to be called malignant, which nobody kno,vs
" the 11leaning of, should be ground enough for close
" imprisonment? That a la,v should be tnude, that
"whosoever should preSU111e to take tonnage and
" poundage ,vithout an act of parliaillent, should in-
" cur the penalty of a prælnnnire; and, in the saine
" parlianlent, that the same Ï1nposition should he
" laid upon our subjects, and taken hy order of both
" houses, \vithout and against our consent? Lastly,
"that, in the sanle parlialnent, a law should he
"lnade to declare the proceedings and judgment
" upon ship-money to be illegal, and void; and, dur-
" iug that pariiaillent, that an order of both hou:ies
" shall, upon pretence of necessity, enable four men
" to take away the t,ventieth part of their estates
"froll1 all their neighbours, according to their dis-
" cretion.
" Hut our good subjects ,,'ill no longer look upon
"these and the like results, as upon the counsels
" and conclusions of both our houses of pal'lialnent;
" (though all the ,vorld knows, even that authority
" can never justify things un,varrantable by the la,v.)
" They well kno,v ho,v fe,v of the persons trusted
" hy them are trusted at their consultations, of above
" five hundred of the COlnmons n not fourscore; and
" of the house of peers, not a fifth part: that they
" ,vho are present enjoy not the privilege and free-

n of the commons] These his lordship revised tlli,ç tran-
tcorrls are inserted by lord Cla- script of his aman7Lensi.
.
rendon himself; u:hich shews that

CooK
YI.
16.12.

BOOK
vI.

1642.

38

'l"IIE 1-1 IS'TOR Y

" dom of parlianlent, but arc besieged by an arnlY,
" and a.\ved by the same tumults which drove us
" and their fcllo,v nlenlhers fronl thence, to consent.
" to what SOllle few seditious, schislllatical persons
" anlong theln do propose. These are the nlen, \vho,
" joining with the anabaptists and Bro,vnists of Lon-
" don, first changed the governnlent and discipline
" of that city; and no,v, by the pride and power of
" that city, would undo the kingdoln: whilst their
" lord nlayor, a person accused and kno,vn to be
" gui1ty of high treason, by a new legislative po,ver
" of his own, suppresses and reviles the Book of
"COllll1l0n Prayer, robs and inlprisons whonl he
" thinks fit; and, \\rith the rabble of his faction,
" gives laws to both houses of parlialnent, and tells
" theIn, They u'illilave no aCC01JllJlOl[atioJl: whilst
" the menlbers sent, and intrusted by their coun-
" tries, are expelled the house, or conlnlitted" for
" refusing to take the oath of association to live and
" die ,vith the earl of Essex, as very lately sir S)Td_
" ney l\lountague. "fhese are the lllen who have
" presluned to send arùbassadors, and to enter into
" treaties with foreign states in their own behalf, 0
" having atP this tilne an agent of their o,vn ,vith
" the states of Holland, to negociate for then1 upon
" private instructions: these are the q men WIIO, not
" thinking they have yet brought Inischief enough
" unto this kingdoln, at this tÏ1ne invite and solicit
" our suhjects of Scotland, to enter this land \vith
" an army against us: in a word, these are the men
" who llave lllade this last devouring ordinance to
" take away allla,v, liberty, and property frol11 our
" people, and have by it really acted that upon our
o behalf,] bchalfs, P at] all (1 the] Not in ftlS.

OF THE REBEI
LION.

983

" people, \vhich \vith infinite Inalice, and no colour
" or ground, 'vas lahoured to be infused into theIn,
" to have been our intention by the conllnissions of
" array.
" 'Ve have done: 'Vhat po\ver and authority these
" men hàve, or \vill have, \ve kno\v not: for ourself,
" we challenge none such. "\tVe look upon the pres-
" sures and inconveniences our good subjects hear,
" even by liS, and our arlny, <\vhich the arn1Y first!"
"raised by then1 enforced us to raises in our de-
" fence, and their refusal of all offers and desires of
" treaty enforceth us to keep,) \vith very luuch sad-
"ness of heart. 'Ve are so far fron1 requiring a
" t\ventieth part of their estates, though for their
" o\vn visible preservation, that, as \ve have already
" sold or pawned our own je\vels, and coined our
"o\vn plate, so ,ve are \villing to sell all our o,yn
" lands and houses for their relief: yet we do not
" doubt but our good subjects \vill seriously consider
" our condition, and their own duties, and think our
" readiness to protect them with the utmost hazard
" of our life, deserves their readiness to assist us
" ,vith some part of their fortunes; and, ,vhilst other
" luen give a t\ventieth part of their estates to en-
" able them to forfeit the other nineteen, that they
" will extend then1selves to us in a liberal and free
" proportion, for the pre
ervation of the rest, and
"for the maintenance of God's true religion, the
" laws of the land, the liberty of the subject, and the
" safety and very being of parlian1ents, and this king-
" dom: for if al1 these ever were, or can he, in D1a-
"nifest danger, it is now in this present rebellion
,,, against us.
r first] .L\Tùt ;11 JIS. !II raise] levy

nnOK
VI.

1 G42.

ROOK
\"1.

J 642.

384

THE IIIS'fORY

" Lastly, ,ve 'v ill and require all our loving 8\1h-
" jects, of ,,
hat degree or quality soever, as they ,,,ill
" ans\ver it to God, to us, and to posterity, by their
" oaths of allegiance and slIprenlacy; as they \\rould
" not be looked upon no,v, and renlenlbered here-
" after, as betrayers of the la\vs and liberties they
" were born to; that they in no degree sublnit to
" this wild pretended ordinance, and that they pre-
" sume not to give any encouragelnent or assistance
" to the arlny no\v in rebellion against us; ,vhich if
" not\vithstanding they shall do, they nlllst expect
" froln us the severest punishlnent the la,v can in-
" flict, and a perpetual infatny ,,,ith all good lnen."
'Vhatsoever every man could say to another
against that ordinance,' and whatsoever the king
said to thenl all against it., it did bring in a great
supply of lTIOney, and gave thenl a stock of credit to
borrow? nlore; so that the arnlY "
as again dra\vn
out, though but to ,vinter quarters, t,venty nliles
fronl London, and the earl of Essex fixed his head
quarters at 'Vindsor, to straiten the king's new
garrison at Reading, and sent strong parties still
abroad, which got as nIuch ground as, at that time
of the year, could reasonably be expected; that is,
brought those adjacent counties entirely under the
obedience of the parlianlent, ,vhich ,vould at least
have kept thenlselves neutral: and still persuaded
the people, "that their ,vorl\: ,vas even at an end,
" and that the king's forces ,vouId be s,vallo,ved up
" in a very short tin1c:" so that there ,vas no ùay,
in \\?hich they did not publish thenlSelyes to have
obtained some notable victory, or taken some to\vn,
when in truth each party "Tisely abstained from dis-
tnrhing the other: yet the bulk of their supply canle

OF THE REBELLION.

585

only frolD the city of London. For though their
ordinance t extended over the whole kingdolll, they U
had power to execute it v only there; for it was not
yet tilne to try the affections of all places "rithin their
o,vn verge, "Tith the severe exercise of that authority.
And therefore divers of the ,vealthiest and most
substantial citizens of London, observing liberty to
be taken by aU Inen to petition the houses, and the
multitude of the petitioners to carry great authority
"rith thenl, and fron1 those multitudes, and that au-
thority, the brand to have been laid upon the city,
" of being an enenlY to peace," HIet together, and
prepared a very Inodest and lnoderate petition to the
houses; in ,vhich they desired "such x propositions
" and addresses Inight be made by them to his ma-
" jesty, asY he might ,vith his honour comply with,Z
" and thereby a happy peace ensue;" ,vhich,a being
signed by nIany thousand hands, was ready to be
presented, but \vas not received b by the house of
conlmons, for no other reason publicly given, but
" that it ,vas prepared by a lTIultitude;" and objec-
tions \vere frained against the principal promoters of
it, upon other pretences of delinquency; so c that
they ",.ere cOlnpelled to forsake the to\vn, and d that
party were, e for the present, discountenanced.
At the saIne time the inhabitants ofWestnlinster,
St. Martin's, and Covent-garden, \\Tho always under-
went the ilnputation of being well affected to the
king, prepared the like petition, and nlet with the

t ordinance] ordinances
U they J yet they
v it] them
x such] that such
Y as] that
s with,] with them,
YOLo III.

a which,] the which,
b not recei\'edJ rejected
c so] Not in iJ'IS.
d and] and so
e were,] was,

cc

BOOK
VI.
1642.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

A petition
of the city
to the king.

386

THE HIS'rOR Y

same reproach, being strictly inhibited to approach
the houses ,vith more than six in cOlnpany. This
unequal kind of proceeding added nothing to their
reputation, and they easily discerned those hUll10urs,
thus obstructed, ,vould break out the more violently:
therefore they again resumed all professions of a de-
sire of peace, and appointed a cOlnn1ittee to prepare
propositions to be sent to the king to that purpose;
and because they found that would be a ,york of
time, (for the reasons which ,viII be anon rCll1enl-
bered,) and that many arts were to be applied to the
several affections, and to \vipe out the Íll1agination
that the city desired peace upon any other terlllS
than they did, and the disadvantage that accrued to
them by such imagination, and also to stay the ap-
petite of those who were in1portunate to have any
advance nlade to,vards peace, having procured, by the
activity of their agents and ministers, to have such
a co III III on-co uncil chosen for the city, as would un-
doubtedly comply \vith their desires and designs,
they underhand directed their o\vn mayor to engage
that body in such a petition to his 111 ajesty , as, car-
rying the sense and reputation of the whole city,
might yet signify nothing to the prejudice of the
two houses; and so a petition ,vas fran1ed in these
words:
To the king'sf most excellent majesty;
Tile 11'l11J1ble petition qf tIle '11ZaY01., alller1Jlel1, (lncl
C01Jl11l0'Jl8 of tll(, city of L011clon,
" Sheweth,
" That the petitioners, your majesty's most hum-

f To the king's] This petitio11 rendon's am(fnuensi
.
is in the handwriting of lord Cla-

OF THE REBELLION. 387

" ble and loyal subjects, being much pierced ,vith
"the long and great divisions bet,veen your l11a-
" jesty and both your houses of parliament, and with
" the sad and bloody effects thereof, both here and
"in Ireland, are yet more deeply,vounded by the
" misapprehension, which your majesty seemeth to
" entertain of the love and loyalty of this your city,
" as if there were some cause of fear, or suspicion of
" danger to your royal person, if your majesty should
" return hither; and that this is 111ade the unhappy
" bar to that blessed reconciliation ,vith your great
" and most faithful council for preventing that de-
" solation, and destruction, \vhich is now most ap-
" parently in1111inent to your majesty, and all your
" kingdoll1s.
" For satisfaction therefore of your Inajesty, and
" clearing of the petitioners' innocency, they most
" hun1bly declare, as formerly they have done, that
" they are no way conscious of any disloyalty, but
" abhor all thoughts thereof; and that they are re-
" solved to make good their late solen1ll protesta-
" tion, and sacred vow, Inade to Ahnighty God;
" and, with the last drop of their dearest bloods, to
" defend and l11aintain the true reforlned protestant
" religion, and, according to the duty of their alle-
" giance, your majesty's royal person, honour, and
" estate, (whatsoever is maliciously and falsely sug-
" gested to your majesty to the contrary,) as well as
" the pOwer and privileges h of parlian1ent, and the
"lawfu] rights and liberty i of the subject: and do
"hereby engage then1selves, their estates, and nU
" they have, to their utlnost k po,ver, to defend and
h privileges] pri\'ilege I liberty] liberties k utmost] uttermost
cc2

BOOK
\'1.

I G43.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

S88

'r II E I-I I S 1.' 0 R Y

" preserve your l11ajesty, and hoth houses of parlia-
" nlent, fi'on1 all ttllllults, affronts, and violence, \vith
" as ll1uch loyalty, love, and duty, as ever citizens
" expressed to\yards your majesty, or any of your
" royal progenitors in their greatest glory.
"rfhe petitioners therefèJre, upon their hended
" knees, do most humbly beseech your nlajesty, to
" return to yonI' parlianlent, (accompanied \vith your
" royal, not l11artial attendance,) to the end that re-
" ligion, laws, and liberties, 111ay he settled and se-
" cured, and \vhatsoever is alll1ss in church and COln-
" mon\vealth reforlned by their advice, according to
" the fundaillental constitutions of this kingdolll:
" and that such a peace 111ay thereby he obtained, as
" shall be for the glory of God, the honour and hap-
" pine
s of your Inajesty and posterity, and lvelfare
" of all your loyal subjects; \vho, (the petitioners are
" fully assured,) \v hatsoever is given out to the con-
" trary, do unanill10usly desire the peace herein ex-
" pressed."
Though this petition ".as in effect no other than
to desire the king to disband his army, and to put
himself into the absolute disposal of tbe parlianlent,
and therefore all ,vise men concluded that no great
l)rogress \votlld be n1ade by it to\vards peace; yet so
sotted and infatuated were the people, that, upon
this very petition, they were prevailed \vith I to sub-
mit to another subscription for l110ney and plate, for
the necessary provision of ar01S, amnlunition, and
pay of their arnlY, UI1til their disbanding and return
home to their several counties: that so they lnight

1 they were prevailed with] they preyaiJed with the people

OF 'rHE REBELLION.

389

not be occasioned, through ,yant of pay, to plunder,
rob, or pillage by the way hOlnewards, after their
discharge and dislnission. So that DIen \vere per-
suaded that this ,v.as no,v the last tax they should
be invited to, though everyone of those ordinances
and declarations loaded the king ,vith some ne,v ca-
hunnies and reproaches, that it ,vas plain the au-
thors of thenI nIeant not so soon to put thelnselves
under his subjection.
'rhis petition ,vas, about the tenth of January,
16-1-2-3, presented to the king at Oxford, by SOllie al-
derlnen, and others of the COlnnlon council, who
,vere for the 1110st part of moderate inclinations.
rrhe king considered sadly ,yhat ans,ver to return;
for, albeit it appeared that the petition had been
craftily fraIned hy those ,,"ho had no thoughts of
peace, and that there ,vas no argulnent in it to hope
any good frol11 that people; yet there were, to vulgar
understandings, very specious and popular profes-
sions of great piety, and zeal to his service, and care
of his security; and he ,vas to be very tender in
seenIing to douht the inclinations and affections of
that city, hy ,vhose strength chieflym the \\?ar ,vas
supported, and that strength procured by corrupting
those affections: and therefore the king ,vas not
sorry to have this opportunity of saying sonlewhat,
and coulmunicating hiu1self freely to the city, being
persuaùed, that the ill they did, proceeded rather
frolH misinforulation, than any general or n habitual
lualice in then1. All his proclanlations, lllessages,
and declarations, had been ,vith so much industry
suppressed there, that they \vere not in truth gene-

BOOK
VI.

1643.

111 chiefly] alone
C C 3

n or] and

BOOK
VI.

16-13.

The king's
answer.

390

THE HISTORY

rally informed of the matter of fact, and the justice
of the king's cause; and therefore he was persuaded
that if he enlarged hhnself, in his answer to this pe-
tition, and exposed those few men who ,vere n10st
notoriously malignant against the government of the
church and state, and who were generally known to
be so, to the knowledge of the people, that it would
at least lessen their power and ability to do hurt:
and so he resolved to return an ans\ver to then1 in
these words:
" That his DlajestyO doth not entertain any misap-
" prehension of the love and loyalty of his city of
" London; as he hath ahvays expressed a singular
"regard and esteem of the affections of that city,
" and is still desirous to 111ake it his chief place of
" residence, and to continue, and rene\v many Inarks
" of his favour to it; so he believes, much the better
" and greater part of that his city is full of love,
" duty, and loyalty to his majesty; and that the tu-
" n1ults "rhich heretofore forced his majesty, for his
" safety, to leave that place, though they,vere con-
" trived and encouraged by SOlne principal members
" thereof, (,vho are since well kno,vn, though they
" are above the reach of justice,) consisted lllore of
" desperate persons of the suburbs, and the neighbour-
" ing towns, (who were nlisled too by the cunning
" and malice of their seùucers,) than of the inha-
" bitants of that city. He looks on his good sub-
"jects there as persons groaning under the same
" burden \vhich cloth oppress his majesty, anù a\vcd
" by the san1e persons who begot p those tU111ults,

o That his n1ajesty] In the
handwriting of lord Clarendon t s

amanuensis.
P begot] begat

OF THE REBELLION. 391

" and the same arll1Y \vhich gave battle to his ma-
" jesty: and therefore, as no good subject can more
" desire, froln his soul, a COll1posure of the general
" distractions; so no good citizen can ll10re desire
" the establishlnent of the particular peace and pros-
" perity of that place, by his n1ajesty's access thither,
" than his majesty himself doth.
" But his ll1ajesty desires his good subjects of
" London seriously to consider, what confidence his
" nlajesty can have of security there, \vhilst the laws
"of the land are so notoriously despised, and trampled
" under foot, and the wholesome governll1ent of that
" city, heretofore so famous over all the world, is
" now subnlitted to the arbitrary power of a few des-
" perate p
rsons, of no reputation, but for malice
" and disloyalty to him; whilst arll1S are taken up,
" not only without, but against his consent and ex-
" press command, and collections publicly made, and
" contributions avowed, for the maintenance of the
" arnlY ,vhich hath given hin1 battle, and therein
" lIsed all possible means treason and ll1alice could
" suggest to them, to have taken his life frolll him,
" and to have destroyed his royal issue; whilst such
" of his ll1ajesty's subjects, who, out of duty and af-
"fcction to his majesty, and compassioll of their
" bleeding country, have laboured for peace, are re-
" viled, injured, and ll1urdered, even by the magis-
,- trates of that city, or by their directions: lastly,
" \vhat hopes his majesty can have of safety tJlere,
" whilst alderll1an Pennington, their pretended lord
"luayor, the principal author of those calalnities
" which so nearly threaten the ruin of that famous
"city, '7" en, Foulke, and l\lan\vairing, all persons
" notoriously guilty of schisln and high treason, COffi-
cc4

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

J 643.

39

TIlE IIIS
rORY

U mit such outrages, in oppressing, robbing, and im-
u prisoning, according to their discretion, all such his
"lnajesty's loving subjects, \VhOnl they are pleased
" to suspect for but q wish:ng \vell to his majesty. ,
" And his majesty would kno\v, \vhether the pe-
u titioners believe, that the reviling and suppressing
" the book of COlnnlon prayer, established in this
" church ever since the reformation, the discoun-
"tenancing and Î1nprisoning godly, learned, and
"painful preachers, and the cherishing and coun-
" tenancing of Bro\vnists, anabaptists, and all man-
" ner of sectaries, be the "ray to defend and main-
" tain the true refornled protestant religion? That
" to conlply \vith and assist persons \vho have ac-
4' tually attempted to kill his luajesty, and to aIIo\v
" and fa\"our libels, pasquils, and seditious sermons
" against his lnajesty, be to defend his royal person,
U and honour, according to the duty of their aIle-

, giance? 'Vhether to Ì1nprison men's persons, and
., to plunder their houses, because they \vill not rebel
u against his nlajesty, nor assist those that do;
" \"hether to destroy their property by taking a\vay
" the t\ventieth part of their estates from them, and,
"by the same arbitrary po\ver, to refer to four
H standers-hy, of their o\vn faction, to judge \v hat
"that t\ventieth part is, be to defend the la\vful
" rights and liberties of the subject? And if they

'think these actions to be instances of either;
"whether they do not know the persons before
,., nalned to be guilty of theJl1 all? or whether they
"think it possible, that Altllighty God can bless
IC that city, and preserve it froll1 destruction, ,vhilst

q for but] but for

OF TI-IE REBELLION.

393

" persons of such kno,vn guilt and wickedness are
" defended, and justified anlong thenl, against the
" po,ver of that law, by ,vhich they can only sub-
" sisto
" His majesty is so far from suffering hinlselfto he
" incensed against the \vhole' city, by the actions of
" these ill 111en, though they have hitherto been so
" prevalent, as to lllake the affections of the rest of
"little use to hirn; and is so \\rilling to be ,vith
" thenl, and to protect them, that the trade, wealth,
" and glory thereof, so decayed and eclipsed by these
" puhlic distractions, filay again be the envy of all
" foreign nations, that he cloth once lllore graciously
" offer his free and general pardon to all the inha-
" bitants of that his city of London, the suburbs and
" city of \Vestnlinster, (except the persons forlnerly
" excepted by his majesty,) if they shall yet return
" to their duty, loyalty, and oùedience. And if his
" good su Ljects of that his city of London shall first
" solemnly declare, that they will ôefend the known
"laws of the land, and ,vill subn1Ït to, and be go-
" verned by, no other rule; if they shall first nlani-
"fest, by defending themselves, and Inaintaining
" their own rights, liberties, and interests, and sup-
" pressing any force and violence unla\\
fully raised
" against those and his nlajesty, their power to de-
" fend and preserve hirn from all tUll1ults, affronts,
" and violence: lastly, if they shal] apprehend, and
" cOlnmit to safe custody, the persons of those four
" Inen ,vho enrich themselves by the spoil and op-
" pression of his loving subjects, and the ruin of the
" city, that his 111ajesty nlay procped against them
" by the course of law, as guilty of high treason; his
" Jnajesty "rill speedily return to thCl11 with his l-oyal,

BOOK
VI.

1643.

594

'l
HE HISTORY

BOOK "and \vithout his lllartial attendance, and will use
VI. _" his utnlost endeavours, r that they may hereafter
1643. "enjoy all the blessings of peace and plenty; and
" will no longer expect obedience frolll thenl, than
" he shall, with all the faculties of his soul, labour
" in the preserving and advancing the true refornlcd
" protestant religion, the la,vs of the land, the liberty
"and property of the subjects, and the just pri-
" vileges of parliall1ent.
" If, not,vithstanding all this, the art and interest
" of these l1len can prevail so far, that they involve
" lllore nlen in their guilt, and dra,v that his city to
" sacrifice its present happiness, and future hopes, to
" their pride, fury, and malice, his majesty shall only
"give thelll this ,varning: that whosoever shall
" henceforward take up arms, \vithout his consent,
" contribute any money or plate, upon ,vhat pretence
" of authority soever, for maintenance of the arlny
" under the conlmand of the earl of Essex, or any
" other arlllY in rebellion against hitn, or shall pay
"tonnage and poundage, till the sallle shall be
"settled by act of parlianlent
every such person
" lnust expect the severest punisqment the la,,, can
" inflict; and, in the lnean time, his lnajesty shall
" seize upon any part of his estate ,vithin his po,ver,
" for the relief and support of hÍ1n and his arnlY,
" raised and 111aintained for the defence of his person,
" the la,vs, and this his kingdolll: and since he de-
" nies to his majesty the duty and benefit of his sub-
"jection, by giving assistance to rebels, ,vhich, by
" the kno,vn la ws of the land, is high treason; his
" majesty shalllikcwise deny hhn the benefit of his

r endeavours,] end
a\'our,

OF THE REBELLION. 595

" protection, and shall not only signify to a11 his fo-
" reign ministers, that such persons shall receive no
" advantage by being his subject, but shall, by all s
" other ways and means, proceed against him as a
" public enemy to his majesty and this kingdom.
" Yet t his majesty hopes, and doubts not, but his
" good subjeëts of London will call to mind the acts
" of their predecessors, the duty, affection, loyalty,
" and 111erit to\vards their princes, the renown they
" have had with all posterity for, änd the blessing
" of Heaven \vhich ahvays accompanied, those vir-
" tues; and will consider the perpetual scorn and
" infamy which unavoidably will foUow them and
"their children, if infinitely the l11eaner part in
" quality, and much the lesser part in number, shall
" be able to alter the government so adlnirably esta-
"blished, destroy the trade so excellently settled,
" and to waste the \vealth so industriously gotten,
"of that flourishing city: and u they will easily
" gather up the courage and resolution to join with
"his majesty in defence of that religion, law, and
" liberty, which hitherto hath, and only can, make
" thenlselves, his majesty, and his kingdonl, happy.
"For concurring \vith the ad vice of his t\VO
" houses of parliament, \vhich, ,vith reference to the
" conunonwealth, may be as well at this distance,
" as by being at 'Vhitehall, his majesty doubts not,
"but his good subjects of London well know, ho\v
" far, beyond the exalnple of his predecessors, his
" Inajesty hath concurred \vith their advice, in pass-
" ing of sllch la\vs, hy which he willingly parted with
" many of his known rights, for the henefit of his

II all] Not ZII .J.'U8.

t Yet] But

u and] and then

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

3Ð6

'rHE I-IISTOR Y

" subjects; "rhich the fundan1ental constitutions of
" this kingdoll1 did not ohlige him to consent unto;
" and hath used all possihle Ineans to heget a right
" understanding het\veen theln: and ,viII therefore
" apply thell1Seh r es to those \yho, by nlakil1g Just,
" peaceable, and honourable propositions to his lua-
u jesty, can only beget that concurrence."
1
his answer the king sent by a servant of his
o\vn, supposing, that if he sent by the luessengers
,vho brought the petition, it lnight either be sup-
pressed, or not COlTI111Unicated in that luanneI' as he
desired. Besides, the luessengers thenlselves, after
the king had caused it to be read to then1, ,vere
very well contented that it should be delivered by
other hands than theirs. So they pron1ised his ma-
jesty, that they ,vould procure a COI1Ul1on hall,
(,vhich is the D10St general asselnbly of the city, the
Ineanest person being adnlitted,) to be called as soon
as they returned; where his Dlessenger l11ight de-
liver it: and having heen graciously used by the
king and the court, after t\VO days' stay, they re-
turned fro111 Oxford together ,vith the gentlenlan
sent by his luajesty. "7"hen they caIne to London,
the contents of the ans,ver "'ere quickly kno,yn,
though not delivered; anù the t\VO houses Inade an
order, "that the lord nlayor shoulù not calJ a com-
"nlon hall, till he received farther direction frolll
"thenl." So that, though the gentlelnan sent by
the king often solicited the lord ll1ayor, "that he
" "rouId call a COll1nl0n hall, at which he was to de-
" liver a lnessage fron1 the king," fnany days passed
before any orders were issued to that purpose.
At last, a day ,vas appointed; and, at the saIne
tÎlne, a C0l11111ittee of the lords aud conUTIons ,,"ere

OF TI-IE R EBI
L I
IO
.

397

sent to be present, to see that it nlight not ha,-e
such a reception, as might render their interest sus-
pected. As soon as the gentlenlan sent by the king
had read his Inajesty's ans,ver, the earl of l\Ianches-
tel' x told theIn, "of the high value the parlianlent
" had of the city; that they had considered of those
" wounding aspersions, ,vhich, in that ans"
er, ,v ere
"cast upon persons of such elninent affection in
"their city, and upon others, of great fidelity and
" trust an10ng theln: that they o\vned thelllselves
"to he Y equally interested in all things that ('on-
" cerned theIn, and \vould stand by then1 ,vith their
" lives and fortunes, for the preservation of the city
"in general, and those persons in particular \vho
"had been faithful, and deserved ,veIl both of the
" parliament and kingdolll. And they ,yould pur-
"sue all lneans ,vith their lives and fortunes, that
" might be for the preservation of that city, and for
"the procuring of safety, happiness, and peace, to
" the ,vhole kingdolTI."
As soon as his lordship had finished his oration,
,vhich was received \\Tith Inarvellous acclanlations,
1\11'. Pym enlarged hitllself, in a speech then l)rinted, z
upon the several parts of the king's answer, (for it
,vas so long before it was delivered, that the printed
copies fronl Oxford, \vhich were printed there after
the Inessenger was gone so long that all men con-
cluded it ,vas delivered, were public and in all
hands,) and told them the sense of the t\yO houses
of parliament, upon every part of it. AlTIOng the
rest, " that the demanding the lord lnayor, and the

x 1\lanchester] N orthumber- z in a speech then printed.]
land Not ill .US.
Y to be] Not in MS.

BOOK
\1.

] 643.

BOOK
VI.

] (;43.

398

THE 1-11 STOR \1'

" other three citizens, was against the privilege of
" parlian1ent, (two of thcln being n1cll1bers of the
" house of C0I11mOns,) and 1110st dishonourable to the
" city, that the lord lnayor of London should be
"subjected to the violence of every base fello"r;
" and that they should be conullanded to deliver up
" their chief lllagistrates, and such eminent 11lenl-
" bel's of the city, to the king's pleasure, only be-
" cause they had done their duty, in adhering to the
" parlianlent, for the defence of the kingdo111."
He told theI11, "that, to the objection that the
"government of the city had been 111anaged by a
" fe,v desperate persons, and that they did exercise
" an arbitrary power, the two houses gave then1 this
" testimony, that they had, in 1110st of the great oc-
"casions concerning the governnlent of the city,
" follo,ved their direction; and that direction ,vhich
"the parliainent had given, they had executed;
" and they 111llst and ,vonld maintain to he such, as
"stood with their honour in giving it, and the
" others' trust and fidelity in perfornlillg it."
To the objection, " that the property of the sub-
" ject ,vas destroyed, by taking away the twentieth
" part by an arbitrary power," he told them, "that
" that ordinance did not require a t,ventieth part,
" but did limit the assessors that they should not go
" beyond a twentieth part, and that was done by a
"power derived from both houses of parlialnent;
" the lords, who had an hereditary interest in lnak-
"ing of laws in this kingdom; and the commons,
" ,vho ,,"'ere clected and chosen to represent a the
"whole body of the commonalty, and trusted, for

a represent] present

OF THE REBELLION.

399

" the good of the people, \vhenever they see cause BOO K
VI.
" to charge the kingdom." He said farther, "that
"the saIne la\v which did enable the two houses of J 643.
" parlian1ent to raise forces to maintain and defend
"the safety of religion, and of the kingdoln, did
"like\vise enable the III to require contributions
" whereby those forces Inight be 111aintained; or
" else it were a vain power to raise forces, if they
" had not a power like,vise to maintain them in
" that service for which they ,vere raised." He ob-
served, "that it was reported, that the king de-
" clared he b would send sonle n1essengers to oh-
"serve their carriage in the city, and ,vhat was
" done aillong thenl: the parliament had just cause
" to doubt, that those \vould be Inessengers of sedi-
"tion and trouble, and therefore desired theln to
" observe and find thelll out, that they might kno,v
" ,vho they were." He concluded ,vith " conlmend-
"ing unto their consideration the great danger
" that they ,vere all in; and that the C danger could
" not be kept off, in all likelihood, but by the arnlY
" that was then on foot;" and assured theIn, "that
" the lords and COlnmons \vere so far frot11 being
" frighted by any thing in that ans\ver, d that they
" had, for themselves, and the members of both
"houses, declared a farther contribution tow"ards
" the maintenance of that arnlY; and could not but
" hope, and desire, that the city, which had she\ved
" so much good affection in the former necessities of
" the state, ,vould be sensible of their own, and of
" the condition of the "Thole kingdom, and add to
"that which they had already done, some farther

b he] that he
c the] that

d in that answer)] that was
in that answer,

BOOK
VI.

1643.

400

'I'HE IllS TOllY

cc contribution, ,vhereby that army might b
main-
" tained for all their safeties."
"Thether the soIen1nity for the reception of t]}is
D1essage after it ,vas kno\vn 'v hat the contents
,vere, and the bringing so great a guard of armed
men to the place \vhere it \ras to be delivered,
frighted the well affected party of the city from
coming thither, or frighted theIn, ,,-hen they were
there, fron1 expressing those affections, I know not.
But it is certain, these speeches and discourses ,vere
received and entertained \vith all hnaginaLle ap-
plause, and that meeting e ,vas concluded ,vith a
general acclanlation, "that they \vould live and die
",vith the houses," and other expressions of that
nature. So that all thoughts of farther address, or
compliance with his majesty fron1 the city, f were so
entirely and absolutely laid aside, that the licence
of seditious and treasonable discourses daily in-
creased; insomuch, that cOlnplaint being made to
the then lord nlayor, that a certain desperate person
had said, "that he hoped shortly to \vash his hands
" in the king's blood," that 111inister of justice re-
fused to send any warrant, or to give any direction
to any officer, for the apprehension of hiin. This g
was the success of that petition and ans\ver.
The houses now began to speak themselves of
sending propositions to the king for peace. For,
how great soever the compliance seemed \vith theJll
fron1 the city, or the country, they ,veIl enough dis-
cerned that h compliance ,vas generally Uj10n the
hope and expectation that they ,vould procure a

e that meeting] Omitted in
1.118.
f from the city,] Not iu iUS.

g This] And this
h that] that that

OF TIlE REBEI.ALION. 401

speedy peace. And they had no,v procured that to
pass both houses, \vhich they only "ranted, the bill
for the extirpation of episcopacy: in the doing
,vhereo
they used marvellous art and industry.
They "rho every day did somewhat, how little so-
ever then taken notice of, to make peace impossible,
and resal ved, that no peace could be safe for them,
but such a one as would be unsafe for the king, wen
enough kne\v that they should never be able to hold
up, and carryon the war against the king in Eng-
land, but by the help of an arlny out of Scotland;
which they had no hope to procure but upon the
stock of the i alteration of the governn1ent of the
church; to ,vhich that nation ,vas violently inclined.
But to con1pass that \vas very difficult; very much
the n1ajor part, even of those men1bers \vho still
continued with them, being cordially affected to the
government established, at least not 6 affected to any
other. To those therefore, who were so far engaged
as to desire to have it in their pO\\Ter to compel the
king to consent to such a peace as they desired,
they represented k "the consequence of getting the
" Scots to declare for thelTI; \vhich \vould Inore ter-
" rify the king, and keep the northern parts in sub-
" jection more 1, than any forces they should be able
"to raise: that it was in1possible to dra\v such a
"declaration from them, ,vithout first declaring
" then1selves that they would alter the governlnent
" by tbe bishops; which that people pretended to
"believe the only justifiable ground to take up
"arn1S." To others, which was indeed their pubJic,
and avowed, and current argun1ent in debates, they

i the] Not in JIS.
k represen ted] prc
en terl
YOLo III.

J more] Not in
lS.

nel

HOOK
VI.

1643.

40

THE IIISTOlt\'-

BOO K alleged," that they could not expect that any peace
VI.
" would be effected by the king's free concurrenCe
1643.
" to any message they could send to hiln, but that
"it nlust arise and result fronl a treaty bet\veen
" then1, upon such propositions as either party ,vould
" make upon their own interest: that it could not
" be expected that such propositions ,vould be nlade
" on either side, as would Le pertinaciously insisted
" on by then1 ,vho ulade theln; it heing the course,
" in all affairs of this nature, to ask more than ,vas
"expected to be consented to; that it concerned
" them as nluch, to nlake denlands of great lll0111ent
" to the king, froln 'v hich they nleant to recede, as
" others upon which they l1lust insist: that all men
" kne\v the inclination and affection the king had
"to the church, and therefore if be sa\v that in
" danger, he \vould rescue it at any price, and very
"probably their departing from their proposition
" concerning m the church, lTIight be the ll10st po,v-
" erful argument to the king, to gratify them ,vith
" the Inilitia."
<;ommis- By these artifices, and especially by concluding oh-
SlOners sent
to the king stinately, "that no propositions should he sent to the
with propo- k . L' O Il h b . n L' . . f b -
sitions of " lng lor peace, tl tel lor extIrpatIon 0 1-
IJeace about" sho p s was I Jassed the lords' house " < ,v here it would
the end of '
January. never other\vise have heen subnlitted to,) they had
their desire, and, about the end of January, they
sent the earls of N orthul11berland, Pemhroke, Salis-
bury, and Holland, ,vith eight 111enlbers of the com-
mons, to Oxford, with their petition and proposi-
tions. And here I cannot olnit one stratagenl,
,vhich, at that time, occasioned sonle mirth. The

m concerning] of

OF THE IIEBELLION.

403

comn10n } )eople of London were persuaded, "that BOOK
VI.
" there ,vas so great scarcity of victual and provi-
"sions at Oxford, and in all the king's quarters, 1643.
" that they \vere not without danger of starving;
" and that, if all other ,vays failed, that alone \vould
" in a short time bring the king to them." To make
good this report, provisions of all kinds, even to
bread, '\
ere sent in waggons, and on horses, froln
London to Oxford, for the supply of this committee:
,vhen, \vithout doubt, they found as great plenty of
all things where they came, as they had left behind
them. The petition presented to his lnajesty with
the propositions were, in these ,vords, at the presen-
tation, read by the earl of Northumberland.

The lUl1Jlble (lesiresIl {flirt propositions qf the lortis
and C01JlJl10'Jl8 iu }JarliallleJlt, tendered to hi.y
'1Jl{/jesty.
" 'Ve your majesty's most hUlnble and faithful
" subjects, the lords and COlnn10ns in pariiainent as-
" selnbled, having in our thoughts the glory of God,
" your ll1ajesty's honour, and the prosperity of your
" people, and heing most grievously afflicted with
" the pressing miseries, and calan1ities, ,vhich have
" overwhelmed your two kingdo111s of England and
" Ireland, since your majesty hath, by the persua-
" sion of evil counsellors, ,vithdrawn yourself froin
" the parlialnent, raised an arlny against it, and, by
" force thereof, protected delinquents froin the jus-
" tice of it, constraining us to take arms for the de-
"fence of our religion, laws, liberties, privileges of

n The humble desires] This lord ria.rendon's secretary.
petitiQn i,y in thp handwriting f!f

nd2

404

'rHE II IS'.fOlt Y

BOO K "parlialnent, and for the sitting of the parliall1cnt
VI. _" in safety; \vhich fears and dangers are continued,
1643. "and increased, by the raising, dra\ving together,
" and arnling of great numbers of papists, under the
"comnland of the earl of Newcastle; like\vise by
" making the lord Herbert of Ragland, and other
" known papists, c0l1ll11anders of great forces, ,,
here-
" by many grievous oppressions, rapines, and cruel-
"ties have been and are daily exercised upon the
" persons and estates of your people, l11uch innocent
"blood hath been spilt, and the papists have at-
" tained means of attenlpting, \vith hopes of effect-
" ing, their nlischievous designs of rooting out the
"reformed religion, and destroying the professors
" thereof: in the tender sense and compassion of
" these evils, under \vhich your people and kingdorn
" lie, (according to the duty, ,vhich \ve O\\Te to God,
" your ll1ajesty, and the kingdolll, for ,vhich \VC are
" trusted,) do nlost earnestly desire, that an end
" Blay be put to these great distempers and distrac-
" tiol1s, for the preventing of that desolation which
" doth threaten all your nlajesty's donlinions. And
" as \ve have rendered, and still are ready to render
" to your n1ajesty, that subjection, obedience, and .
" service, \vhich ,ve owe unto you; so we n10st
" hU1l1bly beseech your majesty, to reJll0Ve the causes
" of this war, and to vouchsafe us that peace and
" protection, which we and our ancestors have for-
" merly enjoyed under your majesty, and your royal
" predecessors, and graciously to accept and grant
" these our most humble desires and propositions:
1. " That your ßlajesty \vill be pleased to disband
" your arlnies, as we likewise shall be rpady to dis..

OF l."HE REBELLION. 40:)

" band all those forces which we have raised; and
" that you will be pleased to return to your parlia-
" Inent.
2. " That you ,viII leave delinquents to a legal
" trial, and judgment of parliament.
3. " That the papists may not only be disbanded,
" but disarmed according to law.
4. " That your majesty ,vill be pleased to give
" your royal assent unto the bill for taking away
"the superstitious innovations; to the bill for the
" utter abolishing and taking away of all archbi-
" shops, bishops, their chancellors, and comnlissa-
" ries, deans, sub-deans, deans o and chapters, arch-
" deacons, canons, and prebendaries, and all chant-
"ers, chancellors, treasurers, sub-treasurers, suc-
" centors, and sacrists, and all vicars choral, choris-
" tel's, P old vicars, and ne\v vicars of any cathedral
" or collegiate church, and all other their under-offi-
"cers, out of the church of England: to the bill
" against scandalous nlinisters: to the bill against
" pluralities; and to the bill for consultation to be
" had ,,,,ith godly, religious, and learned divines.
" That your lIlajesty \V
ill be pleased to promise to
"pass such other good bills for settling of church..
"governlnent, as, upon consultation \vith the as-
" selnhly of the said divines, shall be resolved on by
" both houses of parliament, and by theln presented
" to your n1ajesty.
5. " That your Inajesty having expressed, in your
" allS\Ver to the nineteen propositions of both houses
" of parlianlent, an hearty affection and intention
" for the rooting out of popery out of this kingdoul ;

o deans] Nut in 1.118.

P choristers,] and choristers,
Dd3

BOOK
VI.

16-13.

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

406

THE HIS'fORY

" and that, if both the hòuses of parlian1ent can yet
"find a more effectual course to disable Jesuits,
" priests, and popish rccusants, from disturbing the
" state, or eluding the la,vs, that you would ",ill.
" ingly give your consent unto it; that you ,vould
" be graciously pleased, for the better discovery and
" speedier conviction of recusants, that an oath may
" be established by act of parlialuent, to be adnli-
" nistered in such luanneI' as by both houses shall
" be agreed on; 'v herein they shall abj ure and re-
" nounce the pope's suprelnacy, the doctrine of tran-
" substantiation, purgatory, ,vorshipping of the con-
" secrated host, crucifixes, and images: and the re-
" fusing the said oath, being tendered in such man-
"ner as shall be appointed by act of parlialuent,
" shall be a sufficient conviction in la, v of recusancy.
" And that your majesty ,,,ill be graciously pleased
" to give your royal assent unto a bill, for the edu-
" cation of the children of papists by protestants in
" the protestant religion. That, for the more effec-
"tual execution of the Ia,vs against P?pish recu-
" sants, your majesty will be pleased to consent to a
" bill, for the true levying of the }Jenalties against
" thelTI; and that the saBle penalties may be levied,
" and disposed of in such luanneI' as both houses of
" parliament shall agree on, so as your majesty be at
" no loss; and like\visc to a bill, ,vhereby the prac-
" tice of papists against the state may be prevented,
" and the law against them duly executed.
6. "That the carl of Bristol may be removed
"from your 111ajesty's councils; and that both he,
" and the lord Herbert, eldest son to the earl of
" \Vorcestcr, Inay likc,vise be restrained from conl-
" ing ,vithin the verge of the court; and that they

OF TIlE REBELLION.

407

" lTIay not bear any office, or have any employn1ents
" concerning state or conlnlonwealth.
7. "That your majesty \vill be graciously vleased,
" by act of parliament, to settle the militia both by
" sea and land, and for the forts and ports of the
" kingdom, in such a 111anner as shall be agreed on
" by both houses.
8. " That your Inajesty \vill he please
, by your
" letters patents, to make sir John Bralnpston, chief.
"justice of the court of king"s bench; \Villiam
" Lenthall, esquire, the now speaker of the con1ffions'
"house, nlaster of the rolls; and to continue the
" lord chief jlistice Banks, chief justice of the court
" of common pleas; and like\vise to make Mr. Ser-
" geant \Vild, chief baron of your court of exche-
" queI'; and that 1\11'. Justice Bacon may be COll-
" tinued; and l\Ir. Sergeant Rolls, and Mr. Sergeant
" Atkins, made justices of the king's bench: that
" 1\11'. Justice Reeves, and 1\11'. Justice Foster, may
" be continued; and 1\11'. Sergeant Pheasant ll1ade
" one of the justices of your court of COlllmon pleas;
"that 1\11'. Sergeant Creswell, 1\11". Sal11uel Bro\vn,
" and 1\11'. John Puleston, may be barons of the ex-
" chequeI'; and that all these, and all the judges of
" the same courts, for the tiule to COBle, l11ay hold
,,, their places by letters patents under the great seal,
" QU([1JllZiu se bene gesserint: and that the sev"eral
"persons not before named, that do hold any of
" these places before 11lentioned, l11ay be renloyed.
9. " rrhat all such persons, as have heen put out
" of the cOlTIlnissions of peace, or oyer and ter-
" Hliner, or from being rllstolle,-
'rotulo ' ru'Jl1, since
h the first day of April, 1642, (oth
r than such as
" \vcre put out hy desire of both or either of the
Dd4

nOOK
VI.

] 6 -J3.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

408

'.rHE HIS'rORY

" houses of parlhunent,) Dlayagain be put into those
" comnlissions and offices; and that such persons
" nlay be put out of those c0l1ln1issions and offices,
" as shall be excepted against by both houses of par-
" liament.
10. " That your majesty \viII be pleased to pass
" the bill now presented to your 111ajesty, to vindi-
" cate and secure the privileges of parlianlent, fronl
" the ill consequence of the late precedent in the
" charge and proceeding against the lord Kinlbolton,
" now earl of l\lanchester, and the five men1bers of
" the house of conlnlons.
II. "That your royal assent 111ay be given unto
"such acts as shall be advised by both houses of
" parlian1ent, for the satisfying and paying the debts
" and damages, wherein the two houses ofparlianu
nt
" have engaged the public faith of the kingdom.
12. "That your majesty \\Till be pleased, accord-
" ing to a gracious ans,ver heretofore received fron1
" you, to enter into a more strict alliance with the
" States of the United Provinces, and other neigh-
" bour princes and states of the protestant religion,
" for the defence and maintenance thereof against all
" designs and attempts of the popish and jesuitical
" faction, to subvert and suppress it; whereby your
" subjects Juay hope to be free froln the n1ischiefs
" 'v hich this kingdom hath endured, through the
" po,ver ,vhich sonle of that party have had in your
" counsels; and ,,,,ill be ll1uch encouraged, in a })a1'-
" liamentary way, for your aid and assistance in re-
" storing your royal sister, and the prince elector,
"to those dignities and dOlninions which belong
"unto then1; and relieving the other protestant
" princes who have suffered in the same cause.

OF THE REBELLION.

409

IS. " That in the general pardon, \vhich your n1a-
" jesty hath been pleased to offer to your subjects,
" all offences and misdemeanours committed before
"the lOth of January, 1641, \vhich have been or
" shall he questioned, or proceeded against in parlia-
" ment, upon complaint in the house of comnlons,
" before the 10th of January, 1643, shall be ex-
" cepted; which offences and misdemeanours shall
" nevertheless be taken, and adjudged to be fully
" discharged against all other inferior courts. That
" likewise there shall be an exception ofq all offences
" committed hy any person or persons, which hath,
" or have had, any hand or practice in the rebellion
" of Ireland; \vhich hath, or have given, any coun-
h sel, assistance, or enconragelnent to the rebels
" there, for the 111aintenance of that rebellion; as
"like\vise an r exception of \Villiam earl of New-
" castle, and George lord Digby.
14. " That your Inajesty ,vill be pleased to restore
"such 111e111hers of either house of parlianlent to
" their several places of services, and eUlploYlnent,
" out of \vhich they have been put since the begin-
"ning of this parlialnent; that they may receive
,. satisfaction, and reparation for those places, and
" for the profits which they have lost by such re-
" 1110vals, upon the petition of both houses of parlia-
" nlent: and that all others 111ay be restored to their
" offices and elnploynlents, who have been put out of
" the sanle upon any displeasure conceived against
" then1, for any assistance given to hoth houses of
" parlianlent, or oheying their cOlnlnands, or forbear-
" i11g to leave their attendance upon the parlialncnt

Boo.K
VI.

1643.

(1 of] to

ran] lS'ut in 1118.

nOOK
VI.

1643.

410

THE I-IIS1.'OH.Y

" \vithout licence; or for any other occasion, 31ising
" frol11 these unhappy differences betwixt your ma-
" jesty and both houses of parliatnent, upon the like
" petition of both houses.
" These things being gran ted, and perforlned, as
"it hath al\vays been our hearty prayer, so shall
" \ve be enabled to Inake it our hopeful endeavour,
" that your Inajesty, and your people, Inay enjoy the
" blessings of peace, truth, and justice; the royalty
" and greatness of your throne l11ay be supported by
" the loyal and bountiful affections of your people;
" their liberties and privileges maintained by your
" majesty's protection and justice; and this publif
"honour, and happiness of your majesty, and all
" your dominions, comn1unicated to other churches
" and states of your alliance, and derived to your
" royal posterity, and the future generations of this
" kingdon1 for ever."
They \vho brought this petition and propositions,
spake to their friends at Oxford \vith all freedom
of the persons from ".hom they came; inveighed
against "their tyranny and unreasonableness," and
especially against the propositions t11emselves had
brought; but positively declared, "that if the king
"would vouchsafe so gracious an ans\ver (\vhich
" they confes
ed they had no reason to expect) as
" Inight engage the two houses in a treaty, it \vould
" not he then in the power of the violent party to
" deny whatsoever his Inajesty could reasonably de-
"sire." However (though the king expected little
from tho
e private undertakings, \vell kno\ving that
they who \vished best w
re of lea
t po\ver, and that
the greatest alnong theIn, as soon as they \vere but
suspected to incline to peace, ilnmediately lost their

OF THE REBELLION.

411

reputation) his majesty, within t,vo days, graciously
dis111issed those lnessengers with this answer:
" If his lnajesty S had not given up all the facul-
" ties of his soul to an earnest endeavour of peace
" and reconciliation l\-ith his people; or if he would
" suffer hinlself, by any provocation, to be drawn to
"a sharpness of language, at a time when there
" seelns son1e\V hat like an overture of accommoda-
" tion, he could not but - resent the heavy charges
" upon him in the prealllble of these propositions;
" would not suffer hÎ1nself to be reproached, with
" protecting of delinquents, by force, fron1 justice,
" (his ll1ajesty's desire having ah,vays been, that all
" men should be tried by the known law, and hav-
" ing been refused it,) \vith raising an arlny against
"his parlian1ent, and to be told that arms have
" been taken up against hhn for the defence of relÏ-
" gion, laws, liberties, and privileges of parliament,
"and for the sitting of the parliament in safety,
" with many other particulars in that prealnble so
" often and so fully ans\vered by his lllajesty, \vith-
" out relnen1bering the \vorld of the tilDe and cir-
"cun1stances of raising those a1'111S against him;
" when his lnajesty ,vas so far fron1 being in a con-
"dition to invade other lllen's rights, that he ,vas
"not able to lnaintain and defend his o\vn from
" violence; and without telling his good subjects,
" that their religion, (the true protestant religion,
"in \vhich his nlajesty was born, hath faithfully
" lived, and to \"hich he will die a wiHing sacrifice,)
" their la\vs, liberties, privileges, and safety of par-
" lian1ent, \vcre so alnply settled, and established,

f; If his majesty] This answer Clarendon's secretary.
is in the handwriting of lurd

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

41

TIlE I-IISTOIIY

BOO K "or offered to be so hy his majesty, before any
VI.
" arlny ,vas raised against hinl, and long before any
1 G43. "raised by him for his defence, that if nothing had
" been desired but that peace and protection "\\rhich
" his suhjects, and their ancestors, had in the best
" times enjoyed, under his nlajesty, or his royal pre-
" decessors, this nlisunderstanding and distance be-
" t\veen his Inajesty and his people, and this general
" lnisery and distraction upon the face of the \vhole
" kingdonl, had not been no,v the discourse of all
" Christendon1.
" But his luajesty ,vill forbear auy expressions of
" bitterness, or of a sense of his o,vn sufferings, that,
" if it be possible, the nlenlory thereof may be lost
" to the ,vorld. And therefore, though Dlany of the
"propositions, presented to his nlajesty by both
" houses, appear to hÎIn very derogatory froln, and
"destructive to, his just power and prerogative,
" and no way beneficial to his subjects, few of them
" being already due to thenl by the la,vs established,
" (and how unparliamentary it is by arnlS to require
" ne\v la,vs, all the world lnay judge,) yet (because
"these may be ,vaved, or mollified, and lnany
" things, that are no\v dark and doubtful in thenl,
" cleared, and eXplained upon debate) his Dlajesty is
"pleased, such is his sen se of the n1Ïseries this
IIi kingdolTI suffers by this unnatural ,val', and his
" earnest desire to remove thenl by an happy peace,
" that a speedy time and place he agreed upon, for
" the meeting of such persons as his lnajesty and
" both hou
es shall appoint to discuss these propo
i-
" tions, and such others here follo\ving as his lua-
" jesty doth propose to thenl.
1. " That his lnajesty's own revenue, magazine,

OF THE REnEI.JI
ION.

413

" towns, forts, and ships, lvhich have been taken or
"kept from hin1 by force, he forth,vith restored
" unto him.
2. "That 'w'hatsoever hath been done, or pub-
" lished, contrary to the known la\vs of the land, or
" derogatory to his lnajesty's legal and kno,vn power
" and rights, be renounced, and recalled, that no
"seed lnay relnain for the like to spring out of for
" the future.
s.
, That whatsoever illegal power hath been
" claimed and exercised by or over his subjects, as
"Îlnprisoning their persons without law, stopping
" their Habeas COrjJllS'S, and in1}Josing upon their
" estates without act of parliament, &c. either by
" both, or either house, or any c0111mittee of both,
"or either, or by any persons appointed by any of
" thenl, be disclaimed; and all such persons so COIU-
" lnitted forthwith discharged.
4. "'That as this lnajesty will readily consellt
" (having done so heretofore) to the execution of all
"laws already lnade, and to any good acts to be
" made for the suppressing of popery, and for the
" firn1 sett1ing of the protestant religion now esta-
"blished by la,v; so he desires, that a good bill
" may be framed, for the better preserving the Book
" of Common Prayer froin the scorn and violence of
" Bro,vnists, anabaptists, and other sectaries, \vith
" such clauses for the ease of tender consciences, as
" his Inajesty hath formerly offered.
5. " That all such persons, as, upon the treaty,
" shall be excepted out of the general pardon, shall
" he tried per JJares, according to the usual course,

t as] Omitted in j}lS.

nooK
'"I.

J G4:
.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

414

THE HIS TOllY

" and kno,vn law U of the land; and that it be left
" to that, either to acquit or conden111 then1.
6. "And, to the intent this treaty may not sufrer
"interruption by any intervening accidents, that a
"cessation of arl11S, and free trade for all his n1a-
" jesty's subjects, tuay be first agreed upon.
" This offer and desire of his n1ajesty, he hopes,
"\vill be so cheerfully entertained, that a speedy
"and blessed peace may be accolnplished. If it
" shall be rejected, or, by insisting upon unreason-
" able circumstances, be n1ade in1 possible, (which,
" he hopes, God in his n1ercy to this nation will not
" suffer,) the guilt of the blood \vhich \viII be shed,
c, and the desolation \vhich n1ust follo\v, will lie
"upon the heads of the refusers. Ho\vever, his
"majesty is resolved, through \vhat accidents so._
" ever he shall be cOlnpelled to recover his rights,
" and \vith \vhat prosperous success soever it shall
" please God to bless hi In, that by his earnest, con-
e' stant endeavours to propagate and promote the
" true protestant religion, and by his governing ac-
" cording to the known laws of the land, and up-
" holding the just privileges of parlial11ent, accord-
" ing to his frequent protestations l11ade before AI-
" mighty God, (\vhich he \vill always inviolably ob-
" serve,) the \vorld shall see, that he hath under-
" gone all these difficulties and hazards, for the de-
"fence and n1aintenance of those, the zealous pre-
" servation of which, his majesty \vell knows, is the
" only foundation and n1eans for the' true happiness
" of him and his people."
\Vhilst these overtures and discourses were Inadc

11 law] laws

OF 'rI-IE I{EBELLIO
. 415

of peace, the kingdom, in all parts, felt the sad ef- nOOK
VI.
fects of \val'; neither the king nor the parlianlent
J G43.
being slack in pursuing the business by the sword;
and the persons of honour and quality in IllOst coun-
ties lTIOre vigorously declaring thenlselves than they
had done. AIllong the rest, upon the king's retreat
from Brentford, whilst he yet staid about Reading,
SOITIe of the ,veIl affected gentry of Sussex, upon the
confidence of their interests in those parts, offered
the king to raise forces there; and presullled they
should be able to seize SOlne place of security and
illlportance for their retreat, if the e11elny should
attempt upon them; 'v hich, at that time of the
year, \vas not conceived could be \vith any notable
success. And being armed ,vith such authority and
cOlllmissions, as they desired, and seconded with a
good number of considerable officers, their first snc-
cess \vas ans\verable to their o\vn hopes, and they CbiclH.'ster
possessed themselves, partly by force, and partly by t;s:
:sed
strata g enl, of the cit y of Chichester; which, bein g :ing's
lorces :
encolnpassed with a very good old \'Tall, was very
easy to be so fortified, that, \vith the winter, they
n1Îght well think thelnselves secure against any
forcible attclnpt could be made upon theIne And
no doubt they had been so, if the common people of
the county (out of which the soldiers were to rise)
had been so ,veIl affected as ,vas believed.
But, before they could draw in men or provisions
into the city, the earl of Essex sent sir 'Villiam
\Valler with horse, foot, and cannon, to infest theln ;
who, ,vith the assistance of the country, quickly
shut thenl up \vithill their ,valls. They \vithin the
town were easily reduced to straits they could not
contend with; for, besides the enen1Y ,vithout,

BOOK
VI.

1643.

But sur-
rendered
to sir W.
Waller.

416

THE I-IIS'"fORY

against ,vhich the \valls and the ,veather- seell1ed of
equal po,ver, and the snlall stock of provisions,
which, in so short tin1e, they \vere able to dra\\'"
thither, they had cause to apprehend their friends
\vould be \veary before their enen1ies; and that the
citizens ,vould not prove a trusty part of the garri-
son; and their nUlnber of COllll110n Inen was so
small, that the constant duty ,vas perforlned hy the
officers, and gentlemen of quality, who \vere abso-
lutely tired out. So that, after a week or ten days'
siege, they were cOlnpelled, upon no better articles
than quarter, to deliver that city, ,vhich could hard-
ly have been taken from them; by ,vhich (with the
loss of fifty or threescore gentlemen of quality, and
officers of naIl1e, whose very good reputation made
the loss appear a matter of absolute and unavoid-
able necessity) the king found that he \vas not to
venture to plant garrisons so far from his own quar-
ters, where he could not, in reasonable time, adlni-
nister succour or supply.
This triumph of the enemy was shortly after
abated, and the loss on the king's part repaired, by
the winning of Cirencester, a good town in Gloces-
tershire, which the rebels were fortifying, and had
in it a very strong garrison; and, being upon the
edge of 'Viltshire, Berkshire, and Oxfordshire,
shre,vdly straitened the king's quarters. The mar-
quis of Hertford bringing with him, out of Wales,
near t,vo thousand foot, and one regiment of horse,
intended, \vith the assistance of prince Rupert, \\1-ho
appointed to join with him 'with some regilnents
from Oxford, to take in that to,vn; hut hy the ex-
treme foulness of the ways, the great fall of rain at
that tinle, (being about Christmas,) and SOllle Inis-

OF 'l'I-IE I{EBELLIO
. 417

tale in orders bet\veen the t\VO generals, that design BOO K
\'1.
\\"as disappointed; and the alarnl gave the enemy
so nluch the more courage and diligence to provide 1643.
for an assault.
In the beginning of February, prince Rupert Cirence
-
.. ter won by
,vent upon the same desIgn \\ïth better success; the king's
d d h . . h . forces un-
an at one an t e sanle tune, stornllng t e town In der prince
several places, their \vorks being not yet finished, Rupert.
though pertinaciously enough defended, entered their
line \vith some loss of Inen, and many hurt, but
,vith a far greater of the enemy; for there \vere not
so fe\v as two hundred killed upon the place, and
above one thousand taken prisoners, \vhereof'Varne-
ford and Fettyplace, (two gentlenlen of good quality
and fortune near that town, and very active in the
service,) 1\1r. George, a Inelnber of parlianlent who
served for that borough, and t\VO or three Scottish
officers of the field, whereof Carr the governor was
one, \vere the chief. The to,,,,n yielded much plun-
der, froln which the undistinguishing soldier could
not be kept, but was equally injurious to friend and
foe; so that many honest Inen, ,vho were inlpri-
soned by the rebels for not concurring with thenl,
found thelnselves at liberty and undone together:
alTIOngst \vhom John Plot, a la\vyer of very good
reputation, was one; "rho heing freed fron1 the
hard and barbarous imprisonment in \vhich he had
been kept, when he returned to his o,vn house,
found it full of soldiers, and t,velve hundred pounds
in nloney taken from thence, which could never be
recovered. The prince left a strong garrison there,
that brought aln10st all that \vhole county into con-
tribution, and x ,vas a great enlargelnent to the
x and] which
VOL. III. E e

418

TIlE I-I IS'fOH. Y

BOUK king's quarters, which no\\', without interruption,
VI. extended fronl Oxford to 'V orcester; that y in1-
) 643. portant city, \yith the other of Hereford, and those
counties, having, Z sonle til1le before, been quitted by
the rebels; the earl of Stainford, ,vho was left in
those parts hy the earl of Essex, being called from
thence, by the gro\vth of the king's party in Corn-
,vall, to the securing the ,vest.
\Ve relnenlbered before, \vhen the marquis of
Hertford transported hiIllself and his fe\\r foot into
'Vales from l\linhead, that sir Ralph Hopton, and
the other gentlemen, l1}entioned before, \vith their
small force, consisting of about one hundred horse,
and fifty dragoons, retired into CornwaU, neglected
by the earl of Bedford, as fit and easy to Le sup-
pressed by the cOlnnlittees. And, in truth, the com-
nlittees were entirely possessed of Devonshire, and
thought themselves equally sure of Corn,vall, save
that the cas tIp of Pendennis was in the custody of
Sir RaJph one they had no hope of. They were ,velcolned
Hopton
and sir into Cornwall by sir Bevil Greenvil, who lllarched
Bevil
Greenvil's ,vith them to\vards the ,vest of the a county, as being
rTo c
ress ]1 best affected, where the y nli g ht have leisure to re-
In ornwa
together fresh their \vearied and alnlost tired horse and men,
with other
gentlemen and to call the ,veIl disposed gentry together; for
there. h . h T fi I h
w Jch t ey cho
e ruro as the ttest pace, t e east
part of the county being posses
ed hy sir Alexander
Carew, and sir Richard Buller, t\VO D1eInbers of the
house of commons, and active men for the settling of
the militia. There was in this county, as througþ-
out the ,vhole kingdom, a \vonderful and supersti-
tious reverence to\vards the name of a parliament,

} that] whieh

z Iun"iug,] had,

a the] that

OF THE REBELLION.

419

and a prejudice to the power of the court; yet a full
sublnission, and love of the established government
of church and state, especially to that part of the
church as concerned the liturgy, or Book of Common
Prayer, which ,vas a lTIOst general object of venera-
tion with the people. And the jealousy, and appre-
hension that the other party intended to alter it,
was a principal advancement of the king's service.
Though the ll1ajor and Inost considerable part of the
gentry, and men of estates, b were heartily for the
king, lTIany of them being of the house of COlTIlnOnS,
and so having seen and observed by what spirit the
distelnper ,vas begot, and carried on ; yet there \vere
others of name, fortune, and reputation with the
people, very solicitous for the parlialnent, and more
active than the other. There was a third sort (for
a party they cannot be called) greater than either of
the other, both of e fortune and nun1ber, who, though
tliey were satisfied in their consciences of the justice
of the king's cause, had yet so great a dread of the
power of the parlialTIent, that they sat still as neu-
ters, assisting neither. So that they who did boldly
appear, and declare for the king, \vere cOITIpelled
to proceed with all wariness and circulnspection;
by the kno,vn and well understood rules of the law
and justice; and durst not oppose the most extra-
vagant act of the other side but with all the formal-
ity that was used in full peace: ,vhich nlust be an
ans,ver to all those oversights and olnissions, which
posterity \vill be apt to impute to the king, in the
morning of these distractions.
The con1mittee of the parlian1ent, ,vho ,verc en-

b estates,] estate,
Ee2

c of] in

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

420

rl-IE 1-1 ISTOlt y

tirely possessed of Devonshire, and believed them-
selves nlasters of Corn\vall, dre\v their forces of the
country to Launceston, to be sure that sir Ralph
Hopton and his adherents (\\Y hose po\ver they
thought contell1ptible) Blight not escape out of their
hands. This was before the battle of Edge-hill,
,vhen the king "Tas at lowest, and when the author-
ity of parliall1ent found little opposition in any
place. The quarter sessions came, ,vhere they
caused a presentIl1ent to he dra\vn, in fornl of la\v,
"against divers nlen unknown, \vho were lately
" come arnled into that county contra jJaCelJl, &c."
Though none ,vere nallled, all understood \vho were
meant; and therefore sir Ralph I-Iopton, who very d
,veIl understood those proceedings, voluntarily ap....
peared; took notice of the presentment, and pro-
duced the conI mission granted by the king, under
the great seal of England, to the marquis of Hert-
ford, by which he \vas constituted general of the
west; and a commission, from his lordship, to sir
Ralph Hopton, of lieutenant general of the horse;
and told them, " he ,vas sent to assist them, in the
" defence of their liberties, against all illegal taxes
" and inIpositions." Hereupon, after a full and so-
lemn debate, the jury, ,vhich consisted of gentlemen
of good quality, and fortunes in the county, not only
acquitted sir Ralph Hopton, and aU the other gen-
tlemen his companions, of any disturbance of the
peace; but declared, " that it \vas a great favour
" and justice of his majesty, to send do\\rn aid to
" them "rho ,vere already 11larked out to destruc-
II tion; and that they thought it the duty of every

cI n
ry]
.Yot in lU S.

OF THE REBELLION.

" good subject, as well in loyalty to the king, as in
" gratitude to those gentleillen, to join with them
" with any hazard of life and fortune."
As this full vindication was thus gotten on the
king's part, so an indictment ,vas preferred against
sir Alexander Carew, sir Richard Buller, and the
rest of the conlmittee, "for a rout and un1awful as-
" sembly at Launceston; and for riots and misde-
"meanours conlnlitted against nlany of the king's
" good subjects, in taking their liberties fronl thenl;"
(for they had intercepted and apprehended divers
lllessengers, and others of the king's party, and elll-
ployed by theln.) This indictnlent and inforlnation
was found by the grand jury, and thereupon, ac-
cording to a statute in that case provided, an order
of sessions ,vas granted to the high sheriff, a person
"Tell affected to the king's service, "to raise the
" poslle cOlnitatlls, for the dispersing that unlawful
" assembly at Launceston, and for the apprehension
" of the rioters." This \\'as the rise and foundation
of all the great service that ,vas after perforlned in
Cornwall, by ,vhich the ,vhole ,vest was reduced to
the king. For, by this Ineans, there were imnledi-
ately dra"
n together a body of three thousand foot,
,veIl arlned; \vhich by no other nleans e could have
heen done: ,vith ,vhich sir Ralph Hopton, WhOlll
they all willingly obeyed, advanced towards Laun-
ceston, ,,"here the c01l1nlittee had fortified, and froln
thence had sent messages of great conteillpt upon
the proceedings of the sessions; for, besides their
confidence in their own Cornish strength, they had

C means] means that could have be
n used
Ec3

4Ql

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

4Q

TIlE HISTORY

a good body of horse to second theln upon all occa-
sions, in the confines of Devon.
Sir George Chudleigh, a gentlelnan of good for-
tune and reputation in that county, and very active
for the n1ilitia, being then at Tavistock, \vith five or
six full troops of horse, raised in that county to go
to their arnlY, but detained till Cornwall could be
settled; upon f the ne\vs of sir Ralph Hopton's ad-
vancing, these dre,v to Litton, a village in Devon-
shire, but within three l11iles of Launceston. Sir
Ralph Hopton marched within two miles of the
town, where he refreshed his men, intending, the
next morning early, to fall on the to,vn: but
ir
Richard Buller, and his confederates, not daring to
abide the storn1, in great disorder quitted the town
that night, and dre\v into Devonshire, and so to-
'\vards Plymouth; so that in the lTIorning sir Ralph
Hopton found the gates of Launceston open, and
entered without resistance. As the subnlission to,
and reverence of, the known practised la\vs had, by
the sheriff's authority, raised this army '\vithin very
few days, so the extreille superstition to it as soon
dissolved it. For \vhen aU the persons of honour
and quality, who well kne'\v the desperate formed
designs of the other party, earnestly pressed the
pursuing the disheartened and dismayed rebels into
Devon, hy \vhich they should quickly increase their
nunlbers, by joining \vith the \vell affected in that
large and POPUIOllS county, "rho were yet a\ved into
silence; it '\vas po\verfully objected, "that the she-
" riff, by \vhose legal authority only that force was

f upon] and upon

OF TIlE REßELLIO
.

423

,e drawn together, might not Ia,vfully march out of BOO K
"his own county; and that it was the principal VI.
"privilege of the trained bands, that they 111ight 1643.
" not be compelled to Iuarch farther than the lilnits
" of their sheriff g."
How grievous and inconvenient soever this doc-
trine \vas discerned to be, yet no man durst pre-
Slune so far upon the tell1per of that people, as to
object policy or necessity to the h notions of law.
And therefore, concealing, as much as ,vas possible,
the true reasons, they pretended their not follo"ring
the enen1Y proceeded froln apprehension of their
strength, by their i joining with sir George Chud-
leigh, and of want of ammunition, (either of \vhich
\vere not unreasonable,) and so marched to Saltash,
a town in Cornwall upon an arIn of the sea; which
only divided it froln PlYInouth and Devon, where
was a garrison of t\VO hundred Scots; who, upon
the approach of sir Ralph Hopton, as kindly quit
Saltash, as the others had Laullceston before. So
that being now entirely masters of Cornwall, they
fairly disn1issed those who could not be kept long
together, and retired \vith their own handful of
horse and dragoons, till a new provocation froin the
enelny should put fresh vigour into that county.
In the Inean time, considering the casualty of
those trained bands, and that strength, ,vhich on a
sudden could be rai
ed by the }Josse c011litatu.y,
,vhich, though it made a gallant show in Cornwall,
they easily sa\v would be of no use to\vards the
quenching the general rebellion over England, they
entered upon thoughts of raising voluntary regi-

sheriff]
hire

h the] thcir
1': e 4

j their] Not in ftlS.

BOOK
VI.

1 G-13.

4Q4

.
TIlE HISTORY

ments of foot; ,vhich could be only done by the
gentlemen of that country among their neighbours,
and tenants, who depended on them. Sir Bevil
Greenvil, (the generally Inost beloved k man of that
county,) sir Nicholas Stanning, the gallant governor
of Pendennis castle, John Arundel, and John Tre-
vannion, two young men of excellent hopes, and
heirs to great fortunes in that country, (all four of
them In embers of the house of commons, and so
better informed, and acquainted ,vith the desperate
humours of the adverse party,) undertook the rais-
ing regiments of volunteers; many young gentle-
men, of the 1110st considerable families of the county,
assisting them as inferior officers. So that, within
a shorter tilne than could be expected, from one
single county, 1 there ,vas a hody of foot, of near fif-
teen hundred, raised, armed, and ".ell disciplined
for action. But there ,vas then an accident, that
might have discomposed a people ,vhich had not
been very ,veIl prepared to pcrforu1 their duties.
The lord l\lohun (who had departed from ìTork
froBl the king ,vith all professions of zeal and acti-
vity in his service) had, from the tinle of the first
motion in Corn,vall, forborne to join hi 111 self to the
king's party; staying at home at his o,,-n house,
and ilnparting himself equally to all men of several
constitutions, as if he had not heen yet sufficiently
inforn1ed ,vhich party to adhere to. But after all
the adverse party ,vas driven out of Corn\\Tall, and
the falne of the king's 111arching in the head of an
arB1Y, and having fought the battle at Edge-hill,
(the effect III ,vhereof ,vas variously reported,) ,vith-

k belo\red] lo\'ed 1 county,] small count)., m eftèct] e\"ent

OF THE REBELLION.

4
5

out ac q uaintin g any body ,vith his intention, he BOO K
VI.
took a journey towards London, at the time wJJen
the king marched that ,yay, and presented himself 1643.
to his majesty at Brentford, as sent from sir Ralph
Hopton and the rest of those gentlelnen engaged in
Cornwall; though many men believed that his pur-
pose ,vas in truth for London, if he had not then
found the king's condition better than it was gene-
rally believed. Upon his lordship's information of
the state of those "\\:?estern parts, and upon a suppo-
sition that he spake the sense and desires of those
from whOln he pretended to come, the king granted
a comn1ission jointly to his lordship, si! Ralph Hop-
ton, sir John Berkley, and colonel Ashburnhanl, to
govern those forces, in the absence of the lord mar-
quis of Hertford; with which he returned into
Corn\vall, and immediately raised a regiment of
foot; behaving hin1self n as actively, and heing every
way as forward in the advancing the great business,
as any man; so that men in1puted his forrner re-
servedness, only to his not being satisfied in a con-
dition of command.
On the other side, they,vho were concerned in
that alteration ,vere not at all ,veIl contented. For
before, these 0 gentlemen of Cornwall, upon ,,,hose
interest and activity the ,york depended, had, with
great readiness, complied ,vith the other, both out
of great value of their persons, ,vith \vhon1 they had
good fan1iliarity and friendship, and in respect of
their authority and comlnissiollS, \vith ,vhich they
came qualified in that county: for, as ,vas ren1en1-
bered before, sir Ralph Hopton had a COllUllission

n him:sclf] him

CJ these] t ho:sc

BOOK
VI.

1643.

4Q6

TIlE HISTORY

froD1 the marquis of Hertford, to be lieutenant ge-
neral of the horse; sir John Berkley, to be commis-
sary general; and colonel Ashburnham, to be major
general of the foot; so that there was no dispute of
cOlnmands. But now, the lord l\lohun's coming
into an equal command with any, and superior to
those who thought their reputation and interest to
be superior to his, (for he had not the good fortune
to be very gracious in his o,vn country,) and this by
his o\vn solicitation and interposition, gave theln
sonle indignation. Ho\vever their public-hearted-
ness, and joint concernment in the good cause, so
totally suppressed all animosities, and P indeed in-
dispositions, that a greater concurrence could not be
desired in whatsoever could contribute to the work
in hand; so that they not only preserved ë"ornwall
entire, but made bold incursions into Devon, even
to the \valls of PlYlnouth and Exeter; though the
season of the year, being the deep winter, and the
want of alnmunition, soon q forced then1 to retire
into Corn\vall.
The reputation of their being masters of that one
county, and the apprehension of \vhat tlley Blight
be shortly able to do, Inade r the parIiall1Cnt think it
tÍ1ne to take more care for their suppression. And
therefore they sent their whole forces out of Dorset
and SOlnerset, to join ,,,ith those of Devon, to lllake
an entire conquest of Cornwall. 'Vith these, Ru-
then (a Scotchman, the S governor of Plymouth) ad-
vanced into Corn "raIl, by a hridge over the Tamar,
six miles above Saltash, (where he had before en-
deavoured to force his passage by ,vater, but had

P and] or
q soon] Not in !tIS.

r made] making
!II the] then

OF THE REBELLION.

4Q7

been beaten off \vith loss,) having mastered the
guard there; the earl of Stanlford following him,
two or three days' Inarch behind, with a new supply
of horse and foot; albeit those the Scotchman had
with hiln were much superior to those of the king's ;
which, upon this sudden invasion, were forced to
retire \vith their ,vhole strength to Bodmin; whi-
ther, foreseeing this storln some few days before it
caDle, they had again sumnloned the lJosse comita-
tus, which appeared in considerable numbers.
They had scarce refreshed themselves there, and
put their men in order, when Ruthen, with his
horse, foot, and cannon, was advanced to Liskard,
,vithin seven nliles of Bodlnin; fron1 whence they
moved towards the enenlY with all alacrity, know-
ing how necessary it was for them to fight before
the earl of Stall1ford, who was at that time come to
Launceston ,vith a strong party of horse and foot,
should he able to join with the rebels. And as this
consideration was of importance to ha:sten the one,
so it prevailed \vith the other party too; for Ru-
then, apprehending that his victory, of which he
nlade no question, would be clouded by the pre-
sence of the earl of Stamford, who had the chief
comn1and, resolved to despatch the business before
he can1e. And so sir Ralph Hopton (to \VhOlll the
other c0111missioners, who had a joint authority
with him, willingly devolved the sole c0111n1and for
that day, lest confusion of orders might beget dis-
traction) was no sooner kno\vn to be drawing to-
wards hitn, (to ,vhom a present battle was so neces-
sary, that it \vas resolved, upon all disadvantages, to
have fallen on the enemy in the to\vn rather than
not fight,) but Ruthen likewise dre\v out his forces,

BOOK
VI.

1 G43.

4QS

TIlE HISTORY

BOOK and, choosin g his g round U p on the east side of Bra-
VI.
dock-Do\vn near LiskaI'd, stood in battalia to ex-
I G43. pect the enenlY: sir Ralph Hopton, having like\vise
put his nlen in order, caused public prayers to be
said, in the head of every squadron, (\vhich the re-
bels observing, told their fello"rs, "they \vere at
" mass," to stir up their courages in the cause of re-
ligion,) and having "ringed his foot \vith his horse
and dragoons, he advanced \vithin ll1usket-shot of
the enemy, \vho stood \vithout any motion. Then
perceiving that their cannon were not yet COll1e up
frotH the to\\rn, he caused t,vo sluall iron nlinion
drakes (all the artillery they had) to be drawn, un-
der the cover of little parties of horse, to a con veni-
ent distance from the body of the enemies; and
after t\VO shots of those drakes, (which being not
discerned, and doing SOllIe execution, struck a
greater t terror into then},) advanced ,vith his body
upon then1; and, \vith very easy contention, beat
then1 off their ground; they having lined the
hedges behind theln \vith their reserve, by which
they thought securely' to make their retr{\at into the
Sir Ralph to\\rn. But the Cornish so briskly bestirred them-
Hopton
beats the
elves, and pressed thClTI so hard on every side, be-

:
i:.
ing indeed excellent at hedge-u-ork, and that kind

;

c
t_ of fight, that they quickly "ron that ground too, and
Down un- put their whole army in a rout, and had the fuB
der Ruthen.
execution of then1 as far as they \vould pursue.
But, after that advantage, they \vere ah\
ays lTIOre
sparing than is usually kno\vn in civil \vars, shed-
ding very little blood after resistance ""as given
over, and having a very' nohle and Christian sense

t greater] great

OF THE REDELl.ION.

4QÐ

of the lives of their brethren: insonluch as the COl1l-
man Inen, \vhen they have Leen pressed by some
fiercer officer, to follo\\' the execution, have an-
swered, " they could not find in their hearts to hurt
" Inen \vho had nothing in their hands."
In this bat tIe, without the loss of an U officer of
name, and very few conllnon men, they took t\velve
hundred and fifty prisoners, nlost of their colours,
all their cannon, being four brass guns, (\vhereof
t\VO were twelve pounders,) and one iron saker, all
their an1lnunition, and lTIOSt of their arlTIS. Ruthen
hilnself, and those x who could keep pace \vith hiln,
fled to Saltash; \"hich he thought to fortify, and by
the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and assistance of
the shipping, to defend; and thereby still to have
an influence upon a good part of Corn\vall. The
earl of Stalnford, receiving quick advertisement of
this defeat, in great disorder retired to Tavistock,
to preserve the utmost parts of Devon fronl incur-
sions. Hereupon, after a solenln thanksgiving to
God for this great victory, (,vhich was about the
middle of January,) and a little refreshing their
men at Liskard, the king's forces divided thelll-
selves; sir John Berkley, and colonel Ashburnham,
with sir Bevil Greenvil, sir Nicholas Slanning's and
colonel Trevannion's voluntary regiments, and such
a party of horse and dragoons as could be spared,
advanced to Tavistock to visit the earl of Stamford;
the lord Mohun and sir Ralph Hopton, with the
lord l\lohun's and colonel Godolphin's voluntary re-
gÏ1nents, and some of the trained bands, marched
towards Saltash, to dislodge Ruthen; who \\Tithin Y

U an] any

]I; those] those few

y within] in

BOOK
VI.

1 G43.

BOOK
VI.

I G43.

Saltash
taken by
the king's
forces.

430

THE HISTORY

three days (for there ,vas no n10re between his de-
feat at Bradock-Do\vn, and his visitation at Saltash)
had cast up such works, and planted such store of
cannon upon the narro\v avenues, that he thought
himself able, ,vith the help of a goodly ship of four
hundred tons, in which 'v ere sixteen pieces of can-
non, \vhich he had brought up the river to the very
side of the town, to defend that place against any
strength was like to be brought against hiln. But
he quickly found that the same spirit possessed his
enenlies that drove him from Liskard, and the saIne
that possessed his o\vn lnen when they fled from
thence; for as soon as the Cornish can1C up, they
fell upon his works, and in a short thne beat hin1
out of them; and then out of the town, with a good
execution upon them; many being killed in the
fight 7., and more drowned: Ruthen himself hardly
getting into a boat, by \vhich he got into Plymouth,
leaving all his ordnance behind him, which, toge-
ther \vith the ship, and sevenscore prisoners, and all
their colours, which had been saved at Liskard,
were taken by the conquerors, who "rere no\v again
entire masters of Corn\vall.
The earl of Stamford had not the same patience
to abide the other party at Tavistock, but, before
their approach, quitted the to\\rn; some of his
forces making haste into Ply lTIO u th, and the rest re-
tiring into Exeter. And so, though the old super-
stition, of not going out of the county, again dis-
banded the trained bands, the Cornish, with all
their voluntary forces, dre\v into Devon, and fixed
quarters \\rithin less than a 111ile of Plymouth, and

7 in the tight] lVot ill jU,,
.

OF 'fHE REBELLION. 431

kept guards even within musket-shot of their line. BOO K
Sir John Berkley in the mean time with a good VI.
party volant, of horse and dragoons, with great di- 1643.
ligence and gallantry, visiting all places in Devon,
\vhere their people \vere gathered together, and dis-
solving them, took Inany prisoners of name; and so
kept Chudleigh, a the major general of the parlia-
ment forces, from raising a body there; which he
industriously intended.
In those necessary and brisk expeditions in b fall-
ing upon Chagford (a little town in the south of
Devon) before day, the king lost Sidney Godolphin, 1\1r.Sidn
y
. Godolphm
a young gentleman of Incomparable parts; who, be- slain.
ing of a constitution and education more delicate,
and unacquainted ",.ith contentions, upon his obser-
vation of the \vickedness of those l11en in the house
of COn1JnOnS, of ,vhich he was a member, out of the
pure indignation of his soul against themc, and con-
science to his country, had, with the first, engaged
hÎ1nself with that party in the ,vest: and though he
thought not fit to take cOlnlnand in a profession he
had not ,yillingly chosen, yet as his advice was of
great authority ,vith all the commanders, being al-
ways one in the council of war, and ,vhose notable
abilities they had still use of in their civil trans-
actions, so he exposed his IJerson to all action,
travel, and hazard; and by too forward engaging
hÏ1nself in this last, received a Inortal S}10t by a
lTIusket, a little above the knee, of which he died in
the instant; leaving the Inisfortune d of his death

. a Chlldleigh,J .James Chnd-
leigh,
b in] Not in J.US.

c against them] Not ill ftJ S.
d misfortune] ignominy

432

'rH.E IIIS'TORY

BOO K upon a place, ,vhich could never othel'\\'ise have had
VI.
a mention to the ,,
o:rld.
After this, ,vhich happened about the end of Ja-
nuary, in respect of the season of the year, and the
,vant of anuuunition, finding that they could make
no Ì1npression upon the strong holds of the ellenlY,
The king's they retired, with their ,vhole forces, to r-ravistock;
Cornish
forces come where they refreshed and rested then1selves many
:
G;:\.i- days, being "Tilling to ease their fast fi.iends of Corn-
,vall, as much as ,vas possible, frol11 the trouble and
charge of their little arn1Y. The difficulties they
,vere entangled ,vith 'v ere very prodigious; of ,vhich
one ,vas, that the other parts of e the \\Test \\rere so
entirely possessed by the enemy, that they could
have no correspondence, or receive any inteIJigence
from the king, not one lnessenger in ten arriving at
his journey's end. Then though the justice and
:piety of the cause added lnuch po,ver to particular
persons in raising an arB} y; yet the n10ney, that
was raised for the maintenance and payment of
that arn1Y, \vas entirely upon the reputation, credit,
and interest of particular 111en: and how long that
spring would supply those streams, the Inost san-
guine an10ng theln could not preSUl11e; but the
want of ammunition troubled them n10st of all:
they had yet had none but \vhat had been taken
out of the lo\v store of Pendennis castle, and ,vhat
they had won from the enenlY; the first \vanted a
supply for its o\vn provision, but \vhich ,yay to pro-
cure that supply they could not imagine; and the
fear and apprehension of such straits, against which

1643.

C the other parts of] Not in .lIS.

OF THE REBELLION.

4SS

no probable hopes occur, f is more grievous and in- BOO K
VI.
supportable than any present ,,,ant.
I n this instant, as if sent by Providence, they ] 6-13.
. Captain
met with an opportunltyg they had scarce courage Carteret
.L'. . C h II f h supplies
to hope lOr: captaIn arteret, t e contro er 0 t e them with
kin g 's nav y havinO" in the be g inninO" of the trou- a.mmuni-
, b Ö bon.
bIes, after he had refused to have COlTIlTIand in their
fleets, \vithout h noise ,vithdra,vn hin1self and his
fan1ily out of England to Jersey, and being there
impatient of being i quiet, \vhilst his lnaster was in
the field, transported k hilTIseif into Corn"rall with a
purpose to raise a troop of horse, and to engage in
that service: ,vhen he caIne thither, he ,vas unani

Inously in1portuned by the c0l1u11anders, after they
had acquainted him \vith their hopeless and des-
perate want of powder, to assist them in that man-
ner, that the many good ports in their power lllight
be nlade of some use to them in the supply of PO\v-
der: whereupon he shortly returned into France;
and first upon his own credit, and then upon re-
turn of such commodities out of Corn"rall as they
could ,veIl spare, he supplied then1 with such great
proportions of all kinds of anl111unitions, that they
never found want after.
In the mean tin1e, when they were clouded with
that want at Tavistock, some gentlemen of Corn-
wall who adhered to the rebels, and were thereby
dispossessed of their county, n1ade some overtures,
" that a treaty might be entered into, whereby the
" peace of those two counties of Cornwall and De-

r hopes occur,l hope occurs,
g they met with an oppor-
tunity] an opportunity found
them

YOLo III.

II without] had without
i of being] to be
k transported] he transport-
ed
Ff

434

1.
II E II 1ST 0 R Y

BOO K "von Inight be settled, and the ,var be removed
VI.
"into other })arts." 'fhey who had most ex peri-
I G-13. cnce of the hU1110urs and dispositions of the factious
p
rty, easily concluded the little hope of peace by
such a treaty; yet the proposition ,vas so specious
and popular, that there ,vas no rejecting it; and
therefore they agreed to a Ineeting between persons
A treaty chosen of either side; and the earl of Stamford him-
between
t?e t.wo par- self seemed so ingenuous, that, at the very first meet-
ties III De- · h h . 1 . .. 1
von and lng, to s e,v t eu- c ear IntentIons, It ,vas Illutua Iy
Cornwall: agreed, that every person employed and trusted in the
treaty should first nlake a protestation in these ,vords :
" I do solenlnly vow and protest, in the presence of
" Almighty God, that I do not only come a comnlis-
"sioner to this treaty, with an hearty and fervent
" desire of concluding an honourable and firrn peace
" between the two counties of COrOl\ra]] and Devon;
"but also will, to the utU10st of my power, prose-
" cute and really endeavour to accomplish and effect
" the saIne, by all lawful ways and means I possibly
" can; first by l11aintaining the protestant religion-
" established by law in the church of England, the
"just rights and prerogative of our sovereign lord
" the king, the just privileges and free do III of par-
" lialnents ; together \vith the just rights and liberty
" of the subjects; and that laIn ,vithout any in-
" tention (by fOlnenting this unnatural war) to gain}
" or hope to advantage Inyself \vith the real or per-
" sonal estate of any person ,vhatsoever, or obtain-
" ing any office, comn1and, title of honour, benefit,
" or reward, either fronl the king's n1ajesty, or either
" or both houses of parliament no,v asseu1hled. And
" this I take, in the presence of Ahnighty God, and
" as I shall ans,ver the saU1C at his tribunal, accord-

This pro-
testation
being first
bkcn by
both.

OF' r:r"HE ItEBELLION.

435

" iug to the literal sense and 111eaning of the fore- BOO K
" going ,vords, ,vithout any equivocation, 11lental re- VI.
" servation, or other evasion ,vhatsoever. So help 1643.
" 111e God."
The taking this protestation \vith that solen1nity,
and the blessed sacrament thereupon, Inade even
those, ,vho before expected little fruit fron1 the
treaty, believe, that n1en, being so engaged, 'would
not be liable to those passions and affections, \vhich
usually transported that party; and so to hope that
son1e good might proceed fron1 it: and therefore
the king's party were easily induced to retire \vith
their forces into Corn\vaU; and thereupon a truce A truce
and. cess a-
and cessation was agreed upon, that a treatyl Inight tion there-
proceed \vithout interruption. tn \vhich treaty, the upon.
san1e continuing beyond the expiration of the pre-
sent year 1642, "'"e shall for the present leave then1 ;
that we Inay take a short survey of the northern
parts, and remell1ber by'\\'"hat degrees they can1e to
feel the calan1ities, and to bear their burden in the
civil war.
"Then the king left Yorkshire, he appointed sir An account
. of the
TholnaS Glen1halll, at the desIre of the gentleu1en northern
f h b .!'. b d parts dii-
o t at county, as was e.lore ren1em ere , to stay position at
in \", ork, to order and comn1and those forces, \vhich that time.
they should find necessary to raise, to defend then1-
selves frolll the excursions of HuH, "'Thence young
Hothan1 infested the country 11l0re than his father;
who ,vas willing enough to sit still in his garrison,
\vhere he believed he could n1ake advantage upon
the success of either party: and they ,,,ho were
most inclined to the parlÏalnent (whereof the lord

I a treaty] the treaty
l' f 2

BOOK
VI.

1643.

4,36

TIlE HISTORY

Fairfax and his son were the chief; from whotu the
king ,vas so far frorn expecting any notable ßlis-
chief, that he left thenl all at their o,vn houses,
,vhen he ,vent froln m thence; and 111ight, if he had
thought it requisite, have carried then1 away pri-
soners ,vith hiul) ,vere rather desirous to look on,
than. engage thelnselves in the ,rar; presun1Ïng that
one battle ,,-ould deterl11ine all disputes, and the
party ,vhich prevailed in that \vould find a general
subn1ission throughout the kingdom. And truly, I
believe, there was scarce one conclusion, that hath
contributed nlore to the continuance and length of
the ,val', than that generally received opinion in the
beginning, that it would be quickly at an end. Here-
upon, there being hut one visible difference like to
beget distractions in the country, which ,vas ahout
the militia, the king appointing it to be governed
and disposed hy the C0111nlission of array, and the
parlianlent by theh- n ordinance; for the cornposÏ11g
,vhereof, the gent1enlen of the several opinions pro-
posed, hetween thclllselves," that neither the one
" nor the other should be meddled ,vith; but that
" all should be contented to sit still, ,vithout engage-
" lIlent to either party." This seenled very reason-
able to the pariiaillent party there 0, who were rather
carried away \vith an inlplicit reverence to the veryP
nalne of a pariiaillent (the fatal disease of the ,vhole
kingdoln at that time(l) than really transported with
the passion and design of the furious part of it;
and who plainly discerned, that by nluch the great-
est part of the persons of honour, quality, anù in-

m from] Not ill 111S.
n their] its
o there] Not ill .:118.

p very] Nut in JIS.
q at that time] Not in 1J.lS.

O:F THE REBELLION. 437

terest in the county would cordially oppose their BOO K
proceedings: for, besides the lord Fairfax, there VI.
were in truth fe,v of good reputation and fortune, 1643.
Wl10 run that way. On the other hand, the king's
party thought their ,york done by it; for they hav-
ing already sent t\VO good regilnents of foot, the
one under colonel John Bellasis, younger son to the
lord viscount Falcon bridge, and the other under sir
\Villiam Pennyman; and t\VO regin1ents of dra-
goons, the one under colonel Duncolnb; the other,
colonel Go\vre; besides three or four good troops
of horse; and the king being at that distance,
that they could not send him farther supply; they
thought they had nothing to do, but to keep the
country in such a peace, that it might do the king
no harm by sending men to the earl of Essex, or
adhering to the garrison of Hull; and concluding,
as the other did, that the decision between the
king and parlian1ent would be at the first encoun-
ter. Upon these deliberations, articles lvere SO- Articles of
d d . d neutrality
lelnnly drawn up, consente to an subscrIbe by agreed in
the lord Fairfax and Harr y Bellasis the heir a p - Yorkshire

, · , between
}Jarent of the lord Falconbrid g e, ,vho were the two
oth par-
ties:
knights ,vho served in parlialnent for Yorkshire,
nearly allied together, and of great kindness till
their several opinions and affections had divided
theln in this qualTcl: the former adhering to the
parliament; the latter, with great courage and so-
briety, to the king.
\\Tith them, the principal persons of either party
subscribed the articles, and gave their Inutual faiths
to each other, that they would observe them; being
indeed no other than an engagement of neutrality,
and to assist neither party. Of all the gen try of
F f 3

438

rrI-IE HIS1."ORY

BOO K Yorkshire, there 'v ere only t,vo dissenters on the
VI.. E
parliament sIde; young Hotham, and sir d,vard
1643. Rhodes; ,vho, though of the better quality, was not
so much kno\\?n, or considered, as the other. But
they quickly found seconds enough; for the parlia-
nlent no sooner ,vas inforuled of this transaction,
than they expressed their detestation of it, and
gently in ,vords (though scornfully in matter) repre-
hending the lord Fairfax, and his party, "for being
" cozened and overreached by the other ;" they de-
clared, " that none of the parties to that agreement
" had any authority to bind that country to any
" such neutrality, as was luentioned in that _agree-
" ment; it heing a peculiar and l)
oper po"rer and
"privilege of parlianlent, \vhere the \vhole body of
"the kingdom is represented, to bind all, or any
" part thereof: that it ,vas very prejudicial and dan-
" gerous to the whole kingdom, that one county
"should ,vithdraw themselves fronl the assistance
" of the rest, to ,vhich they were bound by la,v, and
" by several orders and declarations of parlian1ent :
" that it ,vas very derogatory to the power and autho-
"rity of parJiament, that any private men should
"take upon them to suspend the execution of the
" ordinance of the luilitia, declared by both houses
" to be according to la,v, and very necessary, at that
" tin1e, for the preservation of the peace and safety
" of the kiIlgdom. And therefore, they said, they
" thought themselves bound in conscience to hinder
nut dis- "an farther proceedin g s U p on that a g reeluent; and
own
d by
the parlia- "ordered, that no such neutrality should be ob-
ruent: upon - · h F . f h h ld .tr
which they" served In t at county. 101' 1 t ey s ou SUller
f'ntered · I . d . . d h I L'. h
into ReÌlt of " partlcu ar countIes to IVl (' t erose ves lrom t e
t h , ostility "rest of the kin g dom, it would be a lneans of brin g -
Jere.

OF THE REBELLIO
. 439

" ing all to ruin and destruction." And therefore
they farther declared, that "neither the lord Fair-
"fax, nor the gentlemen of )T orkshire, ,vho ,vere
" parties to those articles, nor any other inhabitants
" of that county, \vere hound by any such agree-
" ment; but required then1 to pursue their forlner
" resolutions, of maintaining and assisting the par-
" lianlent, in defence of the conllnon cause, accord-
" ing to the general protestation \vherein they were
" bound ,vith the rest of the kingdom, and against
"the particular protestation by thelnselves lately
" Inade; and according to such orders and com mis-
" sions as they should receive fr0111 both houses of
" parliament, froln the cODllnittee of the lords and
" comlnons appointed for the safety of the kingdom,
" or fr0l11 the earl of Essex, lord general." And,
lest this their declaration should not be of po\ver
enough to dissolve this agreenlent
they published
their resolution, and directed that " 1\11'. Hotham
" and sir Edward Rhodes should proceed upon their
"forlner instructions; and that they should have
" po\ver to
eize and apprehend all de1inquents that
"were so voted hy the parlianlent, and all such
" others, as delinquents, as had, or did shc,v then1-
h selves opposite anò disobedient to the orders and
" proceedings of parlialnent."
Upon this declaration, and vote, not only young
Hothan1 fell to the practice of acts of hostility, with
all licence, out of the garrison at Hull: but the lord
Fairfax himself, and all the gentlenlen of that party,
who had, ,vith that protestation, signed the articles,
instead of resenting the reproach to thenlselves,
tamely suhnlittcd to those unreasonable conclusions;
and, contrary to their solemn prolllise and engage-
Ff4

BOOK
VI.

I 643.

nOOK
VI.

1643.

440

'TI-IE IIIS'rOR Y

ment, prepared thelnsel ves to bear a part in the war,
and made all haste to levy men.
Upon so great a disadvantage were the king's
party in all places; 'v ho ,vere so precise in pro-
Inises, and their personal undertakings, that they
believed they could not serve the king, and his
cause, if their reputation and integrity were once
blemished, though some particular COlltract proved
to his disadvantage: \\rhilst the others exposed their
honours for any present temporary conveniencies,
and thought thenlsel yes absolved by any new reso-
lution of the houses, to 'v hose custody their honour
and ingenuity was cOlnmitted. rrhe present dis-
advantage of this rupture was greater to the king's
party there, than to the other. For (besides that
L.1any, ,vho concurred ,vith thelll very frankly and
solicitously in the neutrality, separated theulselves
from them now there ,vas a necessity of action)
they had neither money to raise nlen, nor arnlS to
arm thenl; so that the strength consist
d in the
gentlemen themselves, and their retinue; "rho, by
the good affections of the inhabitants of York, \vere
strong enough to secure one another within the
walls of that city. Then the earl of CUlnberland,
in \\rholn the chief po\\rer of conll11and ,vas to raise
men and Inoney in a case of necessity, though he
was a person of entire devotion to the king, ,vas in
his nature un active, and utterly unexperienced in
affairs and exigents of that nature.
On the other hand, the opposite party ,vas strength-
ened and enabled by the strong garrison of Hull,
whence young Hotham, on all occasions, \\"as ready
to second thenl with his troop of horse, and to take
up any ,veIl affected person ,,'bo ,vas suspected to

OF THE REBELLION. 441

be loyal; which drov"e all resolved men from their
houses into York, where they only could be safe.
The other r could have what men more they desired
froin London, and both ready money from "thence
to Hull, and ordinances to raise what they ,vould in
the county to pay them. Leeds, Halifax, and Brad-
ford, three very populous and rich to"rns, (which
depending ,,"holly upon clothiers too much S ma-
ligned the gentry,) were ,vholly at their disposition.
Their neighhours in Lincolnshire were in a body to
second them, and sir John Gell was on the same be-
half possessed of Derby, and all that county, there
being none that had the hardiness yet, to declare
there for the king. So that, if sir John Hotham's
,\\Tariness had not kept him from being active, and
his pride, and contenlpt of the lord Fairfax, upon
whon1 the country chiefly depended, hindered him
from seconding and assisting his lordship; or if any
man had had the entire con1n1and of those parts
and forces, to have united theIu, the parliament had,
with very little resistance, been absolute masters of
all Yorkshire; and, as easily, of the city itself. But
their want of union in particulars, t though they
agreed too ,veIl in the main, gave the king's party
time to breathe, and to look about for their preser-
vation. Thereupon they sent to the earl of N e'\\--
castle for assistanc
; offering," if he ,vould march
" into Yorkshire, they would join ,vith hiIn, and be
" entirely con1nlanded by him;" the earl of Cumber.
land ,villingly offering to wave any title to COIn..
mand.

r The other] They
II too n1uch] naturally

t in particulars,) in the ùy,

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

442

'
rHE III S'rOR Y

BOOK It was before remembered, that, \vhen the king
VI. left York, he had sent the earl of N e\vcastle, as a
I G43. person of great honour and interest in those parts,
to be governor of N e,vcastle; and so to secure that
port, that the parliaillent n1ight neit
er seize it, nor
the Scots be bribed by it to COl1le to the assistance
of their brethren. 'Vhich commission from the
king his lordship no sooner executed, \vithout the
least hostility, (for that to\vn received hiln \vith all
possible ackno\vledgnlents of the king's goodness in
sending hinl,) but he ,vas ÏInpeached by the house
of C0l1l1110nS of high treason. Froln his going thi-
ther, (,vhich ,vas in August,) till toward the end of
November, the earl spent his tÏ1ne in disposing the
people of Northumberland, and the bishopric of
Durham, to the king's service, and to a right under-
standing of the Inatters in difference; in the fortify-
ing Ne"rcastle, and the river; \\Thereby that harbour
might only be in the king's obedience; in raising a
garrison for that place, and providing a1'll1S for a
farther advance of the king's service. 'Then he pro-
vided for the assistance of his friends in ì T orkshire,
"Those condition grew every day lTIOre desperate.
For the pariiaillent, finding the inconveniencies of
having no commander in cllÍef in those parts, had
caused their generalissin10, the earl of Essex, to
The lord send a commission to the lord FaiIfax, "to COlll-
Fairfax
made ge- "lnand all the forces of Yorkshire, and the adja-
neral of
Yorkshire "cent counties, in chief;" by ,vhich, in less time
for the par- ld 1 II .. d h 1, 1
Jiamel1t. than cou Je reason a ) y 11l1aglne, e ,vas au e to
dra\v together an arnlY of five or six thousand horse
and foot; so that York must presently ha\re heen
swallo,ved up.

OF THE REBELLION.

443

But, in the beginning of December, the earl of BOOK
. VI.
N e,vcastle Inarched to their relief; and hav]ng left
a g ood g arrison in N e,vcåstle, and fixed such small 1643.
The earl of
garrisons in his way, as Inight secure his comn1uni- Newcastle
· · h . h II h . .. comes from
catIon \vIth that port, to 'v IC a IS ammunItIon lS"ewcastle
,vas to be brought; \vith U a body of near three into York.
thousand foot, and six or seven hundred horse and
dragoons, \yithout any encounter with the enemy,
(though they had threatened loud,) he entered York;
having lessened the enelny's strength, \vithout blood,
both in territories and men. For, as soon as he en-
tered Yorkshire, two reginlents raised in Richmond-
shire and Cleveland dissolved of thenlselves; hav-
ing it yet in their choice to d\vell at home, or to
leave their houses to ne\v comers. The earl being
now nlaster of the north as far as York, thought
rather of forlning an army, and providing money
to pay it, than of making any farther progress in
the winter; and therefore suffered the lord Fairfax
to enjoy the southern part of that large rich county,
till the spring, and the improvement of his condi-
tion, x should enable him to advance: yet fe\v days
passed without blo\vs, in ,vhich the parliaInent forces
had usually the worst.
Shortly after the earl's coming to York, general
King repaired to hinl, \Vh0I11 he ]nade lieutenant
general of his arnlY; "rho, notwithstanding the un-
avoidahle prejudice, in that conjuncture, Y of his be-
ing a Scotchman, ordered the foot with great \vis-
dom and dexterity: the charge of the horse being
at the same time committed to general Goring; \vho,

11 with] and with
x and the improvement of his
condition,] and his improved

posture,
Y in that conjunct ure,] f'tot
in IUS.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

444

'rILE HISTORY

by the queen's favour, not,vithstanding all fornlcr
failings, was recommended to that province, and
quickly applied himself to action: so that, though
the lord Fairfax kept Selby and Ca\vood, both \\yithin
a small distance from lY" ork, the earl "Tas absolute
master of the field. And no\v the north yielding
secure footing for those ,vho had been unreasonably
persecuted for their obedience to the king, the queen
herself thought of returning into England.
Her m
jesty had, frOlTI her first going into Hol-
land, dexterously endeavoured z to advance the king's
interest, and sent very great quantities of arnlS and
ammunition to N e\vcastle, (though, by the vigilance
of the parliament agents in those parts, and the
po,ver of their ships, too nluch of it was inter-
cepted,) with some considerable sunlS of money, and
good store of officers; ,vho, by the connivance of
the prince of Orange, canle over to serve their o\vn
king. And from this eJ\.traordinary care of her
majesty's, and her known grace and favour to the
person of the earl of Newcastle, ,vho she ,veIl knew
had contracted lTIany enemies by the enlinency of
his devotion to the king, that arnlY \vas by the par-
lian1ent styled the queen'ð' {[rIllY, and the catholic
arlJl!J, thereby to expose her lllajesty the more to
the rude malice of the people, and the arTIlY to their
prejudice; persuading thell1 "that it consisted of
" none but professed papists, who intended nothing
"but the extirpation of the protestants, and csta-
" blishing their o\vn profession."
About the middle of February, the queen took
shipping from Holland, in a States man of "Tar, as-

r. endeavoured] laboured

OF THE REDELLIOS.

445

signed by the prince of Orange ,vith others for her B
.r K
convoy, and arrived safely in Burlington Bay, upon
the coast of Yorkshire; ,vhere she had the patience ) 643.
. The queen
to stay on shIpboard at anchor, the space of two arri,-es at
d . 11 h 1 h d . ' d h t ßurlington
ays, h t e ear a notIce,' to ra,,," sue a par from Hol-
" of his forces that "Tay, as might secure her land_land.
" ing, and ,vait on her to York;" ,\
hich he no sooner
did, (and he did it ,vith all Í1naginable expedition,)
but her nlajesty caIne on shore; and, for the pre...
sent, ,vas pleased to refresh herself in a convenient
house upon the very key, ,vhere all accommodations
were made for her reception; there being many
things of monlent to be unshipped before she could
reasonably enter upon her journey towards Y ol-k.
'l'he second day after the queen's landing, Batten,
vice-adlniral to the earl of \Var\vick, (who had ,vait-
ed to intercept her passage,) \vith four of the king's
ships, arrived in Burlington Road; and, finding that
her nlajesty ,vas landed, and that she lodged upon
the key, bringing his ships to the nearest distance,
being very early in the I1lorning, discharged above a
hundred cannon (whereof many ,vere laden with
cross-bar-shot) for the space of two hours upon the
house where her n1ajesty ,vas lodged: ,vhereupon
she ,vas forced out of her bed, sonle of the shot
making way through her O\\Tn chau1bcr; and to
shelter herself under a bank in the open fields;
,vhich barharous and treasonable act ,vas so much
the more odious, in that the parlialnent never so far
took notice of it, as to disavo\v it. So that many
believed it ,vas very pleasing to, if not conllnanded
by thenl; and that, if the ships had encountered at
sea, they "Tould have left no hazard unrun to have
destroyed her Inajesty.

446

THE HISTORY

BOOK The queen shortly after removed to York, and
VI.
the king's affairs prospered to that degree, that, as
1643. the earl of N e\vcastle had before fixed a garrison at
The earl of N k . N . h 1 . . k
1\ewcastJe e\var yo In ottIng ams nre, \VhICh
ept thew forces
fixed a <Tar- f L . I f ... · I · h h I d F .
rison at 0 InCO n rom JOInIng entIre y \YIt t e or aIr-
1\ewark. fax, and had \vith great courage beaten off a fornled
body of the rebels who attell1pted it; so he no\v
sent Charles Cavendish, the younger brother of the
earl of Devonshire, ,vith a party volant of horse and
dragoons, into Lincolnshire; \vhere, about the 111id-
die of l\larch, he assaulted Granthaul, a ne\v garri-
son of the rebels; ,vhich he took, and in it above
three hundred prisoners, ,vith all their officers, arlns,
and alnnlunition: and, about the same tÍll1e, sir
Hugh Cholmondley, who had done very notable ser-
vice to the parliament, and oftener defeated the earl
of Newcastle's troops (though he had been in truth
hurried to that party, rather by the engagement of
sir John Hotham, with \vhom he had long friend-
ship, than by his own inclination) than any officer
of those parts, very frankly revolted to his allegi-
ance; and ,vaiting on her nlajesty for her assur-
Sir Hugh ance of his pardon, delivered up the castle of Scar-
Cholmond- . .
ley deli\.er- borough (a place of 1l11portance a ) to the kIng; the
ed up Scar- d 1 h f . b
borough COffi 111 an ane governll1ent w ereo was agaIn y
castle to the earl C0l11111itted to hiln. 'v hich he dischar g ed
the queen. '
with courage and singular fidelity. By this nleans,
and those successes, the lord Fairfax quitted Selby,
Ca\rood, and Tadcaster, and retired t.9 POll1fret and
Halifax; \vhereby the earl ,vas, upon the matter,
possessed of that ,vhoie large county, and so able
The con- to help his neighbours. This ,vas the state of that
dition at

a importance] great importanee

OE" THE REBELLION.

447

part of the north which ,vas under the earl of New- BOOK
castle's commission: for Lancashire, Cheshire, and VI.
Shropshire, 'v ere in a \vorse condition; of which, 1643.
d . h i, .. . 11 b . that time
an the nelg uOU1" countIes, It 'VI e necessary In of Lanca.
the next } )lace to sa y SOIne,v hat. and of those first sh
rc, Che.
, slure, and
,vhich lie farthest off. Shropshire.
"\Ve have said before, that ,,,hen the king left
Shre\vsbury, and Il1arched to nleet the earl of Es-
sex, C,vhich he did at Edge-hill,) all his designs be-
ing to come to a battle; and the opinion of 1110St,
that a battle ,volIld detern1ine all; he was to apply
all the strength and forces he could possibly raise,
to the increasing his army; so that he left no garri-
son b behind hin1, but relied upon the interest and
authority of the lord Strange, (,vho was, by the
death of his father, no\v earl of Derby,) to suppress
all cOInmotions and insurrections, ,vhich n1ight hap-
pen in the counties of Lancashire and Cheshire;
,vhich his lordship ,vas confident he should be able
to do, and ,vas then generally believed to have a
greater influence upon those two counties, and a
more absolute C0111ll1and over the people in thenl,
than any subject in England had, in any other quar-
ter of the kingdonl. The to,vn of Shrewsbury, and
that good county, where the king had been so pros-
perous, (and by ,vhich the people ,vere lnore en-
gaged,) he intrusted only to that good spirit that
then possessed it, and to the legal authority of the
sheriffs and justices of the peace. And it fared in
those counties as in all other parts of the killgdonl,
that the nUlnber of those who desired to sit still ,vas
greater than of those who desired to engage in either

h no ganisonJ no one garrison

BOOK
\'1.

J 643.

448

THE HISTORY

party; so that they were generally inclined to arti-
cles of neutrality. And in Cheshire, the active
people of both sides canle to those capitulations,
,vith as Hluch solenluity as had been in Yorkshire,
and bye the same declaration of the parlialnent d (so
nluch the sanle, that there "raS no other difference
but alterations of naines and places) 'v ere absolved
froIn the observation of theine And then sir 'Villiam
Bruerton, a gentleman of a cOlnpetent fortune in
that county, and knight for that shire in parliament,
but most notorious for a kno,vu aversion to the go-
vernUlent of the church, bringing ,vith him from
London a troop of horse, and a reginlent of dra-
goons, marched thither to protect those ,,'ho were
of that party, and, under such a shelter, to encourage
them to appear.
The city of Chester was firnl to the king, by the
virtue of the inhabitants, and interest of the bishop,
and cathedral nlen; but especially by the reputation
and dexterity of 1\11'. O. e Bridgman, son to the bi-
shop, and a 1a "tyer of very good estÏ1nation; who
not only informed thelll of their duty,! and encou-
raged them in it, but upon his credit and estate,
both which were very good, supplied them with
whatsoever was necessary for their defence; so that
they were not put to he honest and expensive toge-
ther. But as they had no garrison of soldiers, so
they had no officer of skill and experience to manage
and direct that courage \vhich, at least, was willing
to defend their o\vn ,valls; ,vhich they were now
like to he put to. Therefore the king sent thither

(' by] with
d of the parliament] ;.....ot ill
J1S.

e 0.] J:tlot in ftIS.
f duty,] duties,

o J
1.' 1-1 1
: 11 E BEL L ION.

449

sir Nicholas Byron, a soldier of very good cOl1llnand,
with a con1111ission to be " colonel general of Che-
" shire and Shropshire; and to be governor of Ches-
" tel';" ,vho being a person of great affability and
dexterity, as well as nlartial kno\\tledge, gave great
life to the designs of the ,veIl affected there; and,
with the encouragement of SOlne gentlemen of North
'Va]es, in a short tinle raised such a power of horse
and foot, as Inade often skirmishes \vith the enemy;
s0111etimes with notable advantage, never \vith any
signal loss. Sir 'Villianl Bruerton g fortified N unt-
wich, as the king's party did Chester: fronl \V hich
garrisons, containing h both their forces, they con-
tended \vhich should Blost prey ail upon, that is Inost
suhdue, the affections of the county, to declare for
and join \vith theIne But the fair expectation of
Cheshire \vas clouded by the storl11S that arose in
Lancashire, \vhere 111en of no n:une, and contenlnt'd
interest, by the ll1erc credit of the parliaUlent, and
frenzy of the people, on a sudden
natched that
large and populous cuunty from tht
ir deyotion to
the earl i of Derby.
The to\Vl1 of l\lanchester had, fronl the hegiuni1Jg,
(out of that factious Illunour \vhich possessed J110st
corporations, and the pride of their "'(:1alth,) op-
posed the king, and declared lnagisterially for the
parliall1ent. But as a great part I, of the county COIl-
sistcd of papists, of ,,
hose insurrections they had
ßlade such usp in the heginning of the parlian1ent,
\vlJen thpy had a rnind to alarll1 the people "rith

g Sil' 'Yillial1l Bn!t:'rtonl So
that sir \\'illiam Brul'rtoll
11 containing 1 ",hidl l'ont
\in-
t'd

i earl] gn>at earl
k 3. gt'eat part] the m:tjor
part

1'01.. 11[.

C O.
11 t:)

HOUK
VI.

16-13.

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

450

T 1-1 E 1-1 1 S TOIl, \

dangel
s; so it ,vas confidently believed, that there
was not oue man of ten throughout that county,
,vho meant not to be dutiful and Joyal to the king:
yet the restless spirit of the seditious party ,vas so
sedulous and industrious, and everyone of the party
so ready to be engaged, and punctually to obey;
and, on the other hand, the earl of Derbv so un-
o!
active, and I so uncomplying \vith those ,vha \vere
fuller of alacrity, and would have proceeded l1lore
vigorously against the enemy; or, through \vant of
experience, so irresolute, m that, instead of counte-
nancing the king's party in Cheshire, ,vhich ,vas ex-
pected froIn hin1, the earl, insensibly, found Lan-
cashire to he almost possessed against him; the re-
bels every day gaining and fortifying all the strong
towns, and surprising his troops, without any con-
siderable encounter. And yet, so hard ,vas the
king's condition, that, though he knew those great
misfortunes proceeded from want of conduct, and
of a vigorous and expert cOlnmander, he thought
it not safe to 11lake any alteration, lest that earl
might he provoked, out of disdain to have any
superior in Lancashire, to manifest how nluch he
could do against hiln, though it appeared he could
do little for hÍ1n. Yet it was easily discerned, that
his ancient power there depended 11lore upon the
fear than love of the people; there being very nlany,
no\v in this tiffip of liherty, engaging themselves
against the king, that they might not be suhject to
that lord's commands.
Ho,vever, the king committing Lancashire still

I and] and t hrongh greatness
of mind
m through want of experience,

so irresolute,] through fear so
('onfè:mnr1ed,

()F 'rIfE I-tEBELLION. 4.51

to his lordship's care, (whose fidelity, without doubt,
was blameless, \vhatever his skill n ,vas,) he sent the
lord Capel to Shre\vsbury, \vith a conlnlission of
"lieutenant general of Shropshire, Cheshire, and
" N orth 'Vales;" \v ho, being a person of great for-
tune and honour, quickly engaged those parts in a
cheerful association; and raised a body of horde and
foot, that gave sir 'Villianl Bruerton so much trou-
ble at N ant,vich, that the garrison at Chester had
breath to enlarge its quarters, and to provide for
its o\vn security; though the enemy olnitted no op-
portunity of infesting them, and gave them as much
trouble as \vas possible. It o cannot be denied but
sir 'Villiam Bruerton, and the other gentlenlen of
that party, albeit their education and course of life
had been very different fronl their present engage-
ments, and for the most part were very unprol11ising
in matters of \var,p and therefore were too much
contenlned enenlies, executed their cOllllllands ,vith
notable sobriety, and indefatigable industry, (vir-
tues not so \vell IJractised in the king's quarters,)
insomuch as the best soldiers who encountered \vith
them had no cause to despise thenl. It is true, they
had no other straits and difficulties to struggle \vith,
than \v hat proceeded from their enemy; being al-
\vays supplied "Tith 1110ney to pay their soldiers, and
\vith arnlS to arm them; \v hereby it \vas in their
po"rer not to grieve and oppress the people. And
thereby (hesides the spirit of faction that much go-
verned) the C01l1mon people were nlore devoted to
them, and gave them all intelligence of \\-hat Inight
concern thenl; \vhereas they ,,-ho \vere intrusted to

ß skill] skill and courage
o It] And it

p in matter
of war,l to mat-
ters of courage,
Gg2

BOOK
VI.

) 643.

452

'r 1-1 E HIS'1' 0 R Y

H 00 K go\"ern the king's affairs had intolerable difficulties
VI. to pass through; being to raise nlen ".ithout money,
) 643. to arn1 theln ,vithout weapons, (that is, they had no
magazine to supply theln,) and to keep then1 to-
gether \vithout pay; so that the country ,vas both
to feed and clothe the soldiers; \vhich quickly in-
clined then1 to ren1emLer only the burden, and for-
get the quarrel.
The q difference in the tell1per of the comn10n
people of both sides ""as so great, that they \vho in-
clined to the parlian1ent left nothing unperforn1ed
that lnight advance the cause; and lvere incredibly
vigilant and industrious to cross and hinder \yhatso-
ever might promote the king's: \vhereas they \vho
,vished ,veIl to him thought they had perforlned
their duty in doing so, and that they had done
enough for hilIl, in that they had done nothing
against him.
Though, by this sending the lord Capel, those
counties of Shropshire and Cheshire, ,vith the as-
sistance of North \Vales, kept those parts so near
their obedience, that their disobedience ,vas not yet
pernicious to the king, in sending assistance to the
earl of Essex against his lnajesty, or to the lord
The condi- Fairfax against the earl of Newcastle; yet those
tion at that . h . h 1 . h 1 . I O f.' d d
time of the countIes w IC ay In t e ]I)C Jet,veen Xlor an
counties York were U I )on the Blatter entirel y P ossessed b y
between ' ,
Oxford nnd the enemy. The garrison of N orthau1pton kept
York.
that \vhole county in obedience to the parlianlent,
save that fron1 Banbury the adjacent parts r were
forced to bring some contribution thither. J n '" ar-
wickshire the king had no footing; the castle of

The] \nd the

r part:,] pari
hc

OF 'I'HE REBELLION. 453

'Varwick, the city of Coventry, and his own castle BOO K
of KiJIingworth, being fortified against him. The VI.
lord Grey, son to the earl of Stamford, had the 1643.
comn1and of Leicestershire, and had put a garrison
into Leicester. Derbyshire, \vithout any visible party
in it for the king, ,vas under the po\ver of sir John
Gell, who had fortified Derby. And all these coun-
ties, with Staffordshire, \vere united in an associa-
tion against the king under the command of the
lord Brook; who was, by the earl of Essex, made
general of that association; a man cordially disaf-
fected to the governnlent of the church, and upon
\vhom that party had a great dependence. This
association received no other interruption from, or
for the king, than what colonel Hastings gave; who,
being a younger son to the earl of Huntingdon, had
appeared elninently for the king from the begin-
ning; having raised a good troop of horse with the-
first, and, in the head thereof, charged at Edge-hill.
After the king was settled at Oxford, colonel
Hastings, with his own troop of horse only, and
SOlne officers which he easily gathered together,
went \vith a cOl1unission into Leicestershire, of
., colonel general of that county," and fixed himself
at Ashby de la Zouch, the house of the earl of
Huntingdon, his father, who \vas then living; \vhich
he presently fortified; and, in a very short tÎ1ne, by
his interest there, raised so good a party of horse
and foot, that he maintained lllany skirnlishes \vith
the lord Grey: the king's service being the nlore
advanced there, by the notable animosities bet\veen
the two families of Huntingdon and Stalnford; be-
t\veen \VhOnl the county \vas divided passionately
enough, \vithout any other quarrel. And no\v the
Gg3

..

BOOK
VI.

1 6-13.

454

TIlE III S 1.'0 It y

sons fought the public quarrel, with their private
spirit and indignation. But the king had the ad-
vantage in his champion, the lord Grey being a
young man. of no enunent parts, and only backed
"Tith the credit and authority of the parlialnent:
\vhereas colonel Hastings, though a younger bro-
ther, by his personal reputation, had supported his
fan1Ïly ; S and, by the interest of it, t and the affec-
tion that people bore to hinl, brought, no doubt, an
addition of power to the yery cause. Insol11uch as
he not only defended hiInself against the forces of
the parliament in Leicestershire, but disquieted sir
John Gell in Derbyshire, and fixed some convenient
garrisons in Staffordshire.
About the same tiIne, some gentlen1en of that
county, rather well affected than experienced, u be-
fore they were well enough provided to go through
their ,york, seized on x the Close in Lichfield for the
king; a place naturally strong, and defended \vith a
moat, and a very high and thick \vall; \vhich in
the infancy of the war \vas thought a good fortifica-
tion. To suppress this growing force, ,vithin the
limits of his association, the lord Brook advanced
with a formed body of horse, foot, and cannon; part
drawn from the earl of Essex's army, and the rest
out of the garrisons of Coventry and "T ar\vick ;
and, ,,
ithout any resistance, entered the city of
Li
hfield; ,vhich, being unfortified, was open to all
comers. 'rhe number in the Close ,vas not great,
nor their provisions such as should have been, and
very well might have been, made; so that he made

II his fau1ily;] his decaying
t:tmily ;
1 it,] bis fami])",

U experienced,] well advised,
x on] of

OF 1-
I-IE ItEBELLION.

455

no doubt of being speedily master of it; sir John BOOK
Gell having brought up a good addition of strength VI.
to hinl frolll Derby. He ,vas so far frolll appre- ) 643.
The ]ord
hen ding any danger fr0111 the besieged, that hÏ1nself
rook.shot
] d d . h · h . k h f h CI III beSll'g-
o ge In a ouse 'V It In Inus et-s ot 0 - t e ose ; iog the ca-
d h I . .. thedral of
,,,here, the very ay e meant to assau t It, sIttIng LichfieId,
in his chalnber and the \vindo\v O p en he ,vas froll1 which was
, " soon after
the ,vall of the Close, by a C01l11110n soldier, shot takcn by
.. . sir John
wIth a 111usket In the eye; of \vhich he Instantly GelJ.
died without speaking a ,vord.
'fherc \vere 11lany discourses and observations
upon his death, that it should be upon St. Chad's
day, (being the second day of l\(larch,) by whose
nanle, he being a bishop shortly after the planting
of Christianity in this island, that church had been
anciently called. And it "ras reported, that in his
prayer, that very morning, (for he used to pray
puhlicly, though his chaplain were in the presence,)
he wished, " that, if the cause he ,vere in were not
"right and just, he might be presently cut off."
They who were acquainted ,vith hinl believed hÍIn
to he well natured and just; and rather seduced
and corrupted in his understanding, than perverse
and Il1alicious. \Vhether his passions or conscience
s,vayed him, he was undoubtedly one of those ,,
ho
could have been with most difficulty reconciled to
the government of church or state: and therefore
his death was looked upon as no ill Olnen to peace,
and was exceedingly lall1ented by his party; Y which
had scarce a Inore ahsolute confidence in any man
than in hiln. Ho,vever, it brought not that relief
to the besieged in the Close as ,vas helieved it

Y his party;] that party;
Gg4

BOOK
VI.

) 6-13.

tafrord

arrisol)ed
Ly some
Jl,entlell1cn
for the

ing.

456

rrl-I.E l-IIS1
Olt Y

\vould; for' the saine forces, under sir John Gell,
proceeded so vigorously in the ,vork, and they \vith-
in so faintly and Z unskilfully, that without any of
that distress ,vhich lnen thought it n1ight bear, and
,vhich it did, ,vithin a short time after, bear against
the king, the place ,vas yielded ,vithout other con-
ditions than of quarter; by ,vhich Hlany persons be-
caine prisoners, of too good quality to have their
nanles relnelnbered.
By this prize, the spirits of that party ,vere luuch
exalted, and the king's party in those parts as n1uch
cast do,vn. Yet some gentlenlen betook thelnselve

to the town of Stafford, and having too Illuch de-
clared for the king, ,vhen they thought Lichfield
,vould have been of strength to secure theIn, to
hope to live unhurt at their houses, resolved to de-
fend that place; against ,vhich sir John Gell a drC\\T
his late flesJlcd troops. But the earl of N orthalnp-
ton (,vho intended the relief of Lichfield, if tJley
had had any patience to expect it) \vith a strong
party of horse and. dragoons, fronl his garrisun of
Banbury, Cal11C seasonably to their succour, and put
hinlself into · the town; and, the saIne night, heat
up a quarter of the enenlY's, in "7hich he killed and
took above an hundred of their horse. Sir John
Gell retired so far as to meet ,vith sir 'Villiaul Bru-
erton, ,vho, frOl1l Nantwich, ,vas conting to join
\vith hinl for the subduing of Stafford; and, having
done that, resolved to Inarch in a body for the
clearing the other counties. 'Vhen they \vere joined,
being near three thousand foot and horse, \vith a
good train of artillery, they l1loved hack to\vards

J and] or

.. sir John GeJl] the triumphant Gell

OF TIlE REBF
LLION.

457

Stafford, inlagining the earl of Northampton would
nleet thenl \vithout the ,valls: and it so fell out;
for the earl no sooner heard that the rebels ,vere
drawing to\vards the town, but he dre\v out his
party to encounter then1; Ì111agining it could be
only GeU, whose nUlnbers he understood, and "Those
courage he much undervalued.
It \\Tas on a Sunday, about the Inidd]e of l\farch,
,vhen, in the afternoon, he nlarched out of Stafford;
his party consisting of horse, and dragoons, and
SOlne fe\v foot, the \vhole nUlllber being under one
thousand, and found the enenlY, in very good order,
expecting thell1 upon a place called Hopton-Heath,

ome t\VO n1Ïles fronl Stafford. Though the nUlll-
bel' was Inore than double to the earl's, yet the
heath seenling very fair, the breadth of it being
Inore than musket-shot fron1 enclosure on each side,
and the nUlnber of his horse being at least equal to
the other, he resolved to charge them; and accord-
ingly did, with so good success, that he totally
I'outed that part of their horse; and, rallying again
his men, he charged the other part of their horse,
which stood more in shelter of their foot; and so
totally routed and dispersed thenl, that the enenlY
had scarce a horse left upon the field; and took
likewise from them eight pieces of cannon.
In this second charge, the earl of Northalnpton,
being engaged on the execution, very near or alnong
their foot, had his horse killed under hill1. So that
his o\vn horse (according to their unhappy practice)
\vith too nluch fury pursuing the chase, he ,vas left
encompa
s
d hy his enemies. 'Vhat b his heha-

t. cnemies. \rhat] CIlCIllY; so that what

BOOK
VI.

1643.

4.58

THE IIISTOR Y

BOO K viour was afterwards, and their carriage towards
VI. him, can be kno\vn only by the testimony of the
1613. rebels; ,vho confessed, that, after he ,vas on his
feet, he killed with his own hand the colonel of foot
"rho made first haste to hiln; and that, after his
headpiece ,vas stricken off \vith the hutt-end of a
musket, they offered hÜn quarter; \\Thich, they say,
he refused; ans\vering, "that he scorned to take
" quarter fro111 such base rogues and rebels, as they
1:he earl of "\vere." After ,vhich, he was slain by a blow \vith
Northamp- h lb . d f h . d . .
ton slain a a ert on the hin er part 0 IS hea , receIvIng,
on Hopton- t tl . h d d . h . L!.
Heath near a Ie saIne tune, anot er eep woun In IS lace.
Staf!ord, All this tin1e the enen1 Y 's foot stood ,vhich ( after
hal'mg first ,
,'anquishell their horse ,vere dispersed) sir rrhomas Byron, ,,,ho
the enemy's
borse that cOlnmanded the prince of 'Vales's regÏlnent, a gen-
opposed
him. tleman of great courage, and of very good conduct,
charged ,vith good execution. But the night came
on apace, and the field, \vhich they thought so fair,
,vas found full of coal-pits and holes dangerous for
their horse; so that they thought fit to forbear far-
ther action, till they might have the morning's
light; and stood all that night in the field. 'Vhen
the morning appeared, there ,vas no enemy to he
seen. For as soon as the fight ended, and the night
dre\v on, that they were unperceived, they had left
the field, in hope that their scattered horse ,vould
find them in quarters more ren10te fronl the danger.
The d victorious party was so harassed \vith duty,
and tired \vith the fight, so cast do\vn \vith the loss
of their gener,al, and so destitute of officers to direct
and command what \\raS next to be done, (for the
lord Conlpton, the earl's eldest son, had received a

rl Thc] But the

OF THE REBELLION. 459

shot in the leg; sir Thoma-s Byron a shot in the
thigh, whereby they were not able to keep the field;
and nlany other officers hurt,) that they retired to
refresh thenlselves at Stafford, after they had taken
the spoil of the field, and buried their dead.
In this fight, ,vhich ,vas sharp and short, there
were killed, and taken prisoners, of the parliament
party, above two hundred, and l1l0re than that
number ,vounded. For, the horse charging aillong
their foot, nlore were hurt than killed. Eight pieces
of their cannon, and nlost of their ammunition was
likewise taken. Of the earl's party ,vere slain but
five and t\venty, wh
reof there were two captains,
some inferior officers, and the rest COlTIlTIOn nlen;
but there were as lnany hurt, and those of the chief
officers. They who had all the ensigns of victory,
but their general, thought theulselves undone; whilst
the other side, ,vho had escaped in the night, and
lllade a hard shift to carry his dead body with them,
hardly believed they "rere losers:
Et, velut æquali hellatu11t 80rte flt/sset,
COlnjJonit CUJJl classe vir'lllJz

BOOK
VI.

1643.

The truth is, a greater victory had been an Ull- His eha-
I raeter.
equa recon1pense for such a loss. e He ,vas a per-
son of great courage, honour, and fidelity, and not
well kno,\rn till his evening; having, in the ease,
and plenty, and luxury of that too happy tÏ1ne, in-
dulged to hin1self, ,vith that licence which was then
thought necessary to great fortunes: but from the
beginning of these distractions, as if he had been
a\vakened out of a lethargy, he never proceeded

C :-inch a lo:-.s.] a lesg loss.

BOOK
VI.

16-13.

460

'I'H:E 11 I s'rOll Y

,vith a luke\\Tarm tenlper. Before the standard ,vas
set up, he appeared in 'Var"rickshire against the
lord Brook, and as n1uch upon his o\vn reputation
as the justice of the cause (\vhich \vas not so ,veIl
then understood) discountenanced, and drove him
out of that county. After\vards he took the ord-
nance fro111 Banbury castle, and brought then1 to
the king. As soon as an arlny \vas to he raised, h(l
levied, \yith the first, upon his o\vn charge, a troop
of horse, and a regÍlnent of foot, and (not like son1C
uther BIen, ,vho \varily distributed their fanÜ]y to
both sides, one son to serve the king, \vhilst his fa-
ther, or another son, engaged as far for the parlia-
n1cnt) entirely dedicated all his children to the
quarrel; having four sons officers under him, ,vhere-
of three charged that day in the field: and, frolll
the tilne he sulnuitted hhnself to the profession of a
soldier, no luan nlore punctual upon cOlnuland, no
111an l1lore diligent and vigilant in duty. All dis-
tresses he Lore like a COlnnlon III an, and all "rants
and hardllesses, as if he had never kno\vn plenty or
ease; n10st prodigal of his person to danger; and
,vould often say, "that if he outlived these ,val'S, he
" \vas certain never to have so noble a death." So
that it is 110t to be ,vondered, if, upon such a stroke,
the body that felt it, thought it had lost 1110rc than
a lill1h.

s soon as it \vas kno\vn \vhere the encnlY rested
after their retreat, the young earl of N orthalnpton .
sent a trunlpet to sir John Gell, to desire the boùy
of his father, that he might give it such decent bu-
rial as Lecaille hinl. Gell and Brucrton jointly, by
letter, ilelnanùed, "in exchange for the dead Lody,
" all their alnmunition, prisoners, and cannon, they

OF THE REBELLIl)N.

iGl

" had lost at the hattle;" ,vhich denlands being so no 0 h.
YI.
unreasonable, and against the law. of arn1S, the earl
sent again to theIn, to desire, " that if they \vould 16-13.
" not return the corpse, that his chirurgeon Inight
"have leave to enlbahn it, whereby it n1ight be
" preserved to receive those rites, ,vhen they should
"be \V-illing to gratify hinl, \vhieh, he presumed,
"upon more dispassionate thoughts, they \vould
"he." Their ans\ver to this \vas as unreasonablp
as the other; "that they \vould neither send the
" body, nor pernlit his chirurgeons to conle to e111-
" balm it ;" presuming, it is probable, that the piety
of the son would have prevailed to have their un-
heard of propositions con1plied \vith.
And so \ve shall, for the present, leave these The state of
d . . t 1 . .. l . t f 'V 1 f J . h the princi_
parts, an VISl t Ie principa 1 y 0 a es; 0 \V ue , pality of
hitherto ver y little hath been said. and froln the \Vales. at
, , that tllne.
affection \v hereof, the king had, from the beginning,
a very great benefit; it having supplied hÎln with
three or four good regiments of foot, in which many
of their gentry \vere engaged, before the battle of
Edge-hill.
I t hath been before remeu1bered, that the ll1a1'-
quis of IIertford dre\v \vith him out of \Vales, and
brought to Oxford, auout ChristInas, near t\VO thou-
sand Inen; leaving 'Vales guarded only \vith the
courage and fidelity of the gentry and inhabitants.
After that, North "r ales lying 1110st convenient to
back Chester and Shre,vsbury, which places, ,vhilst
the eneulY \vas Inaster of the field, received their
chief supplies of 111en and provisions fronl thence;
the king ahvays put it under the government of
those to \VhOnl he cOllunitted those parts. South The lord
Herbert,
"r ales, "rhich is 111uch the larger and richer part of son of t.hl'
earl ut

462

'rI-IE HISTORY

ß 00 K that dominion, he cOlllnlitted to the charge of the
VI. lord Herbert, eldest son to the nlarquis of ,V orces-
W I 643 t . tel'; 'Vh0111 he n1ade his lieutenant g eneral, addin g
orees er,
made ge- l\lonnlouthshire to his COlTIlllission.
nera) of
South There ,vere, in the opinion of 1TIany, great objec-
'Vales. tions against con1nlitting that ell1ployment to that
noble lord, ,vhose person many 1Hen loved, and very
fe,v hated. First, he had no kno\vledge or expe-
rience in the luartial profession; then his religion,
being of that sort of catholics the people rendered
odious, by accusing it to be most jesuited, men ap-
prehended ,vould not only produce a greater brand
upon the king, of favouring papists and popery,
than he had been yet reproached ,vith; (for, though
he had some papists entertained in his arnlies, yet
aU nlen trusted by hiln in superior c
nllTIands "Tere
men of unbleu1ished integrity in the protestant re-
ligion; and in all his arll1ies he had uut one general
officer of the contrary religion, sir Arthur Aston,
,,,horn the papists notwithstanding would not ac-
kno\vledge for a papist;) this ga,re opportunity and
excuse to many persons of quality, and great inter-
est in those counties, (bet,veen ,vhom and that lord's
falnily there had heen perpetual feuds and aninlosi-
ties,) to lessen their zeal to the king's cause, out of
jealousy of the other's religion; and those contesta-
tions had been lately improved ,vith sonle sharp-
ness, by the lord Herbert's carriage to\vards the
lord marquis. of Hertford, during the time of his re-
sidence there; \vhen, out of vanity to 111agnify his
o\vn po\ver, he had not she\ved that due regard to
that of the other, which he should have had. And
no doubt, if he had been of that Inind, it ,\\Tould
ß}uch lTIOre have advauced the king's service, if he

OF TIlE ItEBELLION.

46

would have contributed his full assistance to an- ß 0 0 K
'.1.
other, who nlore popularly nlight have borne the
title of such a cOlllmand. ] G43.
But, on the other side, the necessity of disposing
those parts, dh.ided froin the rest of the kingdol11,
under the cOlnnland of some person of honour and
interest, was very visible; and the expedition in
doing it was as necessary; f the parliament being
possessed of Gloucester and Bristol, and so having
such an influence upon the trade and livelihood of
that people, by their absolute command of the Se-
vern, that, except there ,vere extraordinary care of
keeping thenl, they would he quickly lost. Besides
that, at the sanle tinle, there ,vas discourse, in the
houses, " of sending the earl of Pelubroke thither,
'
\vhose estate ,vas very great in those parts, and his
reputation equal. 'rhe g parlianlent had already
SHch footing h in Pelllhrokeshire, that l11any of the
principal gentlenlen had declared for then1; and
the harbour of l\lilford-Haven gave their fleet op-
portunity to give thelll all supplies and relie:f.. This
heing the state of those parts, the lord Herbert not
only offered, but desired to receive that C01111Uand;
and engaged hinlself, "Dot only to secure it froin
" the opposition aud l11alignity of the other part)",
" but, hefore the spring, to raise such a streJJgth of
"horse and foot, and to provide such an equipage
" to march ,yith, that nlight reduce Gloucester, and
" be then added to the king
s arlny, \\-hen he should
" he ready to take the field; and all this so HIuch
" at his own charge," (for his fathpr, \vho \vas ,veIl
ahle, v{ouid furnish Inoney, as ,,-as pretended, upon

f necessary;] penal anù ne-
ccssa 'y ;

g The] Then the
h footing] a footing

BOOK
VI.

1643.

464

TlIE HISTORY

the king-'s pronlise to repay hitn, ,vhen he should be
restored to his own,) "that he \vould receive no
"part of the king's revenue, or of such nloney as
" his majesty i could be able to dra,v for the supply
" of his o\"'"n 1110re iUlInediate occasions."
This was a very great offer, and such as no Ulan
else could so reasonahly luake. For the lllarquis of
lV" orcester was generally reputed the greatest 1110-
nied luan of the kingdoll1; and, probably, luight not
think it an unthrifty thing, rather to disburse it for
the king, \vho 111ight be able to repay it, than to
have it taken frolll hinl by the other party; ,vhich
\vould be hardly questionable if they prevailed. The
lord Herbert hiulself ,vas a 111an of nlore than ordi-
nary affection and reverence to the person of the
king, and one, ,vho, he ,vas sure, ,vould neither de-
ceive nor betray hilll. For his religion, it lllight
work upon hiulself, but could not disquiet other
luen. For though he were a papist, he ,vas never
like to make others so; and his reputation and in-
terest ,vas very great \vith Inany gentleillen of those
counties, ,vho ,vere not at all friends to his religion.
It ,vas not possible to eillploy any person of interest
and pO\\Ter in those parts
(and there ,,-ere lnan)" ob-
jections, fro 111 the nature and Blanners of that peo-
ple, against a 111ere stranger,) against 'Vh0111 ther('
would not be sonle faction and anilllosity; for the
el11ulations, and dissension bet\vcel1 fau1i1ies \vas
general, and notorious; and therefore it ,vould h('
hest to choose such a one, who 'vas like to have a
g,'eater faction for hinl, than against hÍ1n. And it
"'as to be hoped that the old grudges and preju-

i his majesty] he

OF TI-IE REBEI.
LION.

465

dices, \vhich had been rather against the house of BO 0 K
\'1.
,V orcester, and the popish religion professed there,
than against the person of this lord, would have J 643.
been composed and declined by his fair and gentle
carriage towards all 111en, (as in truth he \vas of a
civil and obliging nature,) and by the public-heart-
edness of those, who, for the cause, and conscience
sake, would, it was hoped, sacrifice all trivial and
private contentions to a union that l11ust vindicate
the religion, honour, and justice of the kingdom.
Upon these reasons, and these presuluptions, the
king granted such a con1mission, as is before n1en-
tioned, to the lord Herbert; who, \vith more expe- The lord'
di · h d b k b h Herbert
tlon t an was expecte y many , or y ot ers raises a lit..
believed possible, raised a body of above fifteen tie army.
hundred foot,' and near five hundred horse, very
well and sufficiently arnled; which increased the
merit of the service.
The horse he put under the conunand of his bro-
ther, the lord John Somerset, a Inaiden soldier too;
and the foot under colonel Lawly, \VhOlll he made
his major general, a bold and a sprightly officer.
About the middle of February he marched to\vards
Gloucester, \vith an ill Olnen at his setting out; for
a rabble of the 1 country people being got together,
\vithout order, or officer of naIne, barricadoed a lit-
tle village in the forest of Deane, called Cover,
(through which he was to pass,) and refused to give
him entrance; and out of a window killed colonel
Lawly, and two officers more, \vithout hurting a
COlnnlon soldier; \vhereby that body was destitute
of any person of experience to command them.

k many] any
YOLo III.

1 the] Not in ft'lS.
Hh

HOOK
VI.

J 643.

466

'rHE HIS'rORY

Ho\vever the lord IIcrhert, \vho \vas himself seldonl
,vith his forces, shortly after placed colonel Brett in
that C0111111and; ,vho, \vithout any skirmish of im-
portance, l11arched through the forest of Deane, and
fixed a quarter, which contained his \vhole body, at
the Vineyard, the bishop of Gloucester's palace,
,vithin less than half a nlile of Gloucester. A nd by
that means, there being only a long bridge over the
Severn, by \vhich men could come out or go in to
Gloucester, he fully blocked up the to\vn on that
side, expecting that prince l\laurice from Cirences-
ter should take equal care to distress it on the
other; \vhich he did to a good degree.
But sir 'Villiam "Taller, with a light party of
horse, and dragoons, near t\VO thousand, from the
earl of Essex's army, had nlade a quick 111arch
through 'Viltshire, (after his taking of Chichester,)
and taking, with little loss and trouble, a small gar-
rison of the king's, consisting of about six or seven
score, at l\fahnsbury, before it ,vas fortified, or pro-
vided, made a face of looking to\vards Cirencester;
where when he found he was expected, by a sudden
night march, in which he \vas very dexterous and
successful, he posted to the river of Severn, six
miles west of Gloucester, from \vhence he had ap-
pointed Inany flat boats to n1eet him; and in them,
in the light day, the guard of the river being either
treacherously or sottishly neglected by the lord Her-
bert's forces, transported his whole body, \yhich,
upon the advantage of that pass, Inight have been
resisted by a few ll1 men. Hereupon the consterna-
tion was so great among the new 'Velsh soldiers,

In a few] a hundred

OF 'rHE IlEBELLION.

467

very fe\v of their officers having ever seen an enemy, BOOK
that though their works were too good to be eu- VI.
tered by horse and dragoons; though the avenues 1643.
were but llarrO\V, in all ,vhich they had cannon
planted, and their numbers very near, if not fully,
equal to the enelny; upon the advance of sir 'Vil- Is s
rprised
liam vValler upon theIn, ,vithout giving or receiving
fi::i
m
blo\v, they fairly sent out to treat; and as kindly

]
e;
ted.
delivered up themselves, and their arms, upon the
single grant of quarter: a subnlission so like a stra-
tagem, that the enemy could hardly trust it. Yet,
in the end, they luade a shift to put near thirteen
hundred foot, and three troops of horse, prisoners
into Gloucester, the lord Herbert himself being at
that tÍIne at Oxford,. and the lord John Sornerset
with three or four troops at a safe distance frolu
the rest.
This was the end of that 111ushroom-army, \vhich
grew up and perished so soon, that the loss of it.
,vas scarce apprehended at Oxford, because the
strength, or rather the number, was not understood.
But if the ll10ney, which was laid out in raising,
arming, and paying that hody of Inen, \vhich never
advanced the king's service in the least degree, had
been brought into the king's receipt at Oxford, to
have heen employed to the most advantage, I anI
persuaded the war nlight have been ended the next
SUlll111er. For I have heard the lord Herbert say,
" that those preparations, and the other, which by
"that defeat were rendered useless, cost above
"threescore thousand pounds;" \vhereof, though
much came frolll th(:, marquis's coffers, yet, no
douht, the general contributions fron1 the catholics
made a good part; and very considerable SUD1S were
Hh2

.

468

'fHE HIS1'OR Y

BOO K received by hint of the king's revenue upon ward-
VI. h . d h í'.
- - S IpS, an ot er \vays: lor It was a conUllon prac-
J 643. tice in those tiInes, for men to get into en1ploy-
ments upon promises, that they \vould not do this
or that, \vithout \vhich nobody else would under-
take that service; and being, upon those tern1S, re-
ceived into it, they immediately did the other, be-
cause no other man would n do the service ,vith-
out it.
The fame of this prodigious victory so subdued
all those parts, that sir 'Villiam \Valler, ,vith the
same spirit of celerity, and attended with the same
Sir Will. success, flew to Hereford; and, though 0 a walled
Waller
t;tkes He- town, and replenished \vith a garrison, had that
reford and
Tewkes- like\vise delivered to him upon the saine terms as

th the other was; and from thence (being with more
rr;sentl y confidence refused to be admitted into \Vorcester,
. e t.
than he thought reasonable to require it) passed to
Tewkesbury; which he likewise surprised, being
newly garlisoned; his motion being so quick, that
though prince l\laurice attended hinl lvith all pos-
sible diligence, he could never farther engage him
than in light skirmishes; and, having taken this
progress, returned safe to Gloucester; and from
thence to the earl of Essex's army; having made
no other use of his conquests, than the dishonouring
so nlany places, \vhich had so quietly yielded to
him; into which (for he fixed no one garrison) the
king's forces inlmediately entered again. So that
his majesty's quarters continued the saIne they
were, harassed only, and discountenanced, nothing
straitened by this incursion; and the lord Herbert
again intended new levies.
n would] could 0 and, though] and being

OF 'I'I-IE REBELJ.JIOS.

469

Having no\v, with as much clearness as I could, BOOK
remembered the true state of the king's affairs, and VI.
the condition of the kingdolll, at the end of this 1643.
. I . d I d . The state
year 1642, with ,vhlch luten to cone U e tIns of Ireland
. I I 1 lY I 0 lY d at that time
sIxth book; shal, JelOre return to Xlor, to with refe-
conclude the Y ear briefl y call to relnelnbrance the r
nce to the
, dIfference
disconsolate state of Ireland; of ,vhich, advantage bet\\'
en
the lung
was ahvays taken against the king, to render him and the
. . two houses
OdIOUS to the people, as If he countenanced, at least here..
not sufficiently abhorred, that wicked and unnatural
rebellion. And this ilnputation ,vas with so great
art insinuated, that it got credit with many; inso-
much as I have heard some, who could make no
other excuse for adhering to the parliament, say P,
" they ,vere persuaded that the king favoured those
" rebels;" which, they said, "could not be without
" some design 11 pon the religion, liberty, and pros-
" perity of England." \Vhereas I can aver truly,
upon as good grounds as ever any man spoke the
heart of another, that the king always looked upon
it, as the most groundless, bloody, and ,vicked re-
bellion, that ever possessed the spirits of that peo-
pIe; and was not more grieved at anyone circum-
stance of the donlestic distractions q, than as it hin-
dered hin} from chastising and taking vengeance
upon the other: which from his soul he desired.
But in this discourse of Ireland, it cannot be ex-
pected that I should r, neither do I intend to men-
tion all the memorable actions, {in \vhich were
great S instances of God's own detestation of those
inhulnan rebels, by the signal victories he gave

p say] than
(J distractions] distraction
J expected that I should]

imagined
8 great] as great

II h 3

BOOK
VI.

1643.

470

THE I-IISTORY

against them,) or the t other transactions within
that kingdom; but shall remember no IDore of that
business, than had inlluediate reference to, and de-
pendence on, the difference bet,veen the king and
the t,vo houses of parliament.
I t is said before, that "Then the first visible rnp-
ture ,vas declared bet,veen theIn, \vhich ,vas in the
business of Hull, (,vhich the king understood to he
a direct levying of ,val' against him,) in the pro-
testation made by his Inajesty, "that he ,,,ould no
" farther treat or concur ,vith then1 in any acts pro-
" posed by them, till he first received reparation or
"satisfaction in that particular;" he ah\rays ex-
cepted ,vhat should any way concern Ireland: in
\vhich he offered to consent to "Thatsoever n1Ïght
reasonably conduce to the reducing those rebels;
and did, after that, concur in some propositions of
that nature. Yet it is certain that, from that tilne,
the t\VO houses ,verc so busy in preparing the ,val'
for England, that they did very little prepare for U
the ,val' of Ireland; save only by sonle small sup-
plies of money and provisions. The king objected
to theIn, " the elnploying the 1110nies, l
aised, by act x
" of parlialnent, for the preservation and reduction
" of Ireland, \vith a special clause that the saIne
" should not be diverted to any other use \vhatso-
" ever, in the supporting the unnatural \\-ar and re-
" bellion against his majesty; particularly one hun-
"dred thousand pounds at one tinle; and that
" many soldiers, raised under pretence of being sent
" into Ireland, \vere, contrary to their expectation

t t.he] J.Vot in JUS.
U prepare for] ndnmce

x act] act

OF THE REBELI..ION. 471

" and engagement, forced to serve under the earl of
" Essex against the king;" of which he named sir
Faithful Fortescue's regiment of horse, and the lord
\Vharton's and the lord Kerry's regiment of foot.
To this they ans\vered, "that albeit they had,
" upon the urgent occasions of this kingdo111, some-
" times nlade use of monies raised and collected for
" Ireland; yet that they had in due tinle repaid it,
"and that the other affairs had never suffered by
" the loan: and for the men, that it proceeded from
"his majesty's own default; for after they had
" raised thenl, with a serious intention to send them
"into Ireland, under the comll1and of the lord
10' lVharton, the king refused to grant a commission
" to him to transport then1, and so they had been
" cOlllpelled to use theln in their o\vn service here."
rrhe king replied, "that it appeared, they had
" diverted that lTIOney to other uses than those for
" \vhich it ,vas provided; ,vhich was manifestly Ull-
.10 lawful; and that it did not appear they had again
" reitnhursed it, because very little supply was sent
" thither, and very much wanted: and for the sol-
" diers, that they first levied them, ,vithout his ma-
" jesty's leave; which they had always before asked,
" for their other levies; and being levied, they de-
" sired a cOlnnlission for the lord \;Vharton to COln-
"mand them absolutely, ,vithout any dependence
"upon the lord lieutenant of Ireland; which had
"heen never heard of, and which his majesty re-
" fused; but offered such a comn1ission as was
" granted to other men."
On the other hand, they ohjected to the king,
" the seizing SOine cart-horses at Chester, provided
"for the train of artillery for Ireland; that his
II h 4

BOOK
. VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

I 643.

47

THE I-IISTORY

"forces had taken many clothes and provisions on
" the road, which were going to Chester to he trans-
"ported thither for the relief of the soldiers; and
" that he entertained and countenanced men in his
" court, which were favourers or actors in that re-
" bellion:" nan1ing the lord viscount Costeloe, and
the lord Taffe, which gave great umbrage to those
who \vere ,veIl affected, and as great encouragelnent
to the rebels there.
To the first, the king confessed, "he found about
" six score horses at Chester, \vhich had long lain
" there; and, at his ren10ve froll1 Nottingham,
" knowing the other horse and men raised for Ire-
" land were then marching ,vith the earl of Essex
" against hÌln, he kne\v not but these like\vise n1ight
" be so r ell1ployed, and therefore in his o\vn neces-
" sity took thell1 for his o\vn draughts. For the
" clothes, which had been taken by his soldiers,
"that it proceeded by the default of the parlia-
" ment; who, after the war was begun, had sent
"those carriages through his quarters, without
"sending to his majesty for a safe conduct, or giv-
"ing any notice to him of it, till after they were
" taken: that it was within t\VO miles of Coventry
" (which was then in rebellion) that those clothes
" were taken; and that, as soon as he knew they
"were designed for Ireland, his majesty had used
" the best means he could to recover them; but
" that the soldiers, who were almost naked, had di-
" vided then1 for their own supplies; and his ll1a-
" jesty offered to give a safe conduct at all tilnes
" for whatsoever should be designed for Ireland."

y so] so likewise

OF TI-IE REBEI..,LION. 473

The occasion of the other reproach, "for counte-
"nancing persons ,vho adhered to the rebels," was
this. The lords Dillon (viscount Costeloe) and Taffe
had, four months before, passed out of Ireland into
England, having never been in consort with the
rebels, but so much trusted by them, that they de-
sired, by their hands, to address a petition to the
king; hun1ble enough, desiring "only to be heard,
"and offering to submit to his majesty's single
"judgn1ent." \Vith this petition, and all other in-
structions, as they pretended, these lords acquainted
the lords justices and council of Ireland; who were
so well satisfied with the persons employed, that
they granted their safe pass, and sent letters by
theln of testhnony. They were no sooner landed in
England, but they were apprehended, and sent pri-
soners to tbe parlialnent, and by them committed
with all strictness, " as agents employed by the re-
"bels of Ireland to the king;" and that circum-
stance enforced, and spread among the people, with
all licentious glosses against the king; who, for that
reason, took no notice of their restraint, though
from his ministers he received advertisement of the
truth of the whole business. After some time was
spent in close imprisonment, these lords, by petition,
and all other addresses they could make, pressed to
be brought to any kind of exan1ination and trial;
of which they found no other benefit, than that,
upon this importunity, their imprisonn1ent was less
close; and, by degrees, under a formal restraint,
(which, though more pleasant, ,vas not less costly,)
had the liberty of London, and from thence, after
four Inonths" restraint, without being formally
charged \vith any crime, or brought to any trial,

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

BOOK
VI.

474

'rHE 1-1 IS r rOR Y

,vhich they often desired, they escaped, and caIne to
. '.. York; ,vhither a messenger froln the house of COlll-
mons follo,ved them, and deluanded them as pri-
soners.

lany ,,,,ere of opinion, that they should have
been delivered back; foreseeing that the pariiaillent
,vould press the scandal of sheltering theln much to
the king's disadvantage; and any imputations, " of
" countenancing the rebels of Ireland," found lllore
credit, and nlade deeper itnpression \vith the people,
than any other discourses of " protecting lllalignants
" and delinquents." On the other side, it ,vas thought
unreasonable to remit men to an ill1prisonment,
which appeared to have been unjust, by their not
being proceeded against in so long tilne; especially
,\Thcn their conling to the king would be declared
such a crilne, that it \vould be now in their enen1Ïes'
po\ver to cause thenl to be punished; ,,-hieh before
they could not do; at best, it ,vere to delh.er them
up to the sergeant of the house of conllllons, from
"Thence no innocence could redeem thein, ,vithout
paying such vast fees, as would amount to a greater
sum than they could probably be supplied \vith. So
that the king, who \vished that they had rather
gone any ,vhither than ,vhere he was, resolved to
take no notice of their escape. And so they con-
tinued in his quarters, and put themselves into the
troops; ,vhere they behaved thenlselves ,vith good
courage, and frankly engaged their persons in all
dangerous enterprises.
I n these jealousies and contests, the king being
visibly and confessedly unable to send succours of
any kind thither, and the parlianlent having enough
else to do, and, in truth, not taking so much pains

I G43.

OF THE REBELLION. 475

to preserve it, as to impute the loss of it to the
king, poor Ireland got very small relief. The earl
of Leicester, lord lieutenant of that kingdom, had
recei ved his despatch from the king, before he went
to Shre\vsbury. But \vhen the king thought he
\vould have gone directly to Chester, and so to Ire-
land, his lordship returned to London; \vhich in-
creased the king's jealousy and prejudice to him;
\vhich his forlner carriage, and a letter writ lately
by him from Nottinghan1 to the earl of Northulll-
berland, and by order of parlianlent printed, had
begot to a great degree. Shortly after his return
to London, the house of comlnons delnanded "to
"see the instructions he had received from the
" king;" which, as it was unreasonable in thenl, so
he had received express comnland from the king,
" not to comlnunicate theln." Ho"'
ever, after he
had avoided it as long as he could, and they con-
tinued peremptory in the demand, in the end, he
produced theln to be perused by the comn1ittee of
both houses. The truth is, the earl's condition was
very slippery, and almost impossible to be safely
Inanaged by the lllost dexterous person.
He was designed to that emploYluent by the
king, shortly upon the death of the earl of Straf-
ford, (or rather before; not without some advice
from that earl,) \vith as great circumstances of
grace and favour, as could be; and as a person, of
whom entirely the king assured hinlself, being then
so ungracious to the parliament, that as there were
some sharp glances at him in that time, (which are
before remembered,) so nothing preserved him fi'om
. a public exception, but the interest of the earl of
Northumherland, whose sister he had Inarried;

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

476

THE HISTORY

whom that party \vas not willing to irreconcile.
After the rebellion was broke out in Ireland, and
the king had C0l11111itted the carrying on the war to
the houses, he thought it absolutely necessary for
his province, to render himself as gracious to that
people as was possible; and laboured that with so
good effect and industry, that he olnitted that care
,vhich should have been observed in continuing his
interest at court. For the king and queen grew
every day less satisfied \vith hinl; \vhich sure he
did not \vith ,variness enough provide against;
though, I believe, he had never unfaithful purposes
towards either of them; but did sadly project, by
his demeanour and interest in the houses, to pro-
vide so ,veIl for Ireland, and to go thither in so
good a condition, that, being once there, he Dlight
be able to serve the king as he should be required.
But one man is rarely able to act both those
parts: for his shewing his instructions, he gave a
reason, which, if he had been free froll1 all other
objections, might appear no ill excuse: " He knew
" his instructions \vere such, that, being perused by
"the comluittee, could by no misconstruction, or
" possible perversion, be \vrested to the king's dis-
" advantage;" as indeed they never were able, nor
ever attempted, to fix any reproach froJn thenl upon
the king. "'Vhereas, after they "
ere so perenlptorily
"required, if he should have as perenlptorily re-
" fused to subnlit, they would have cOllcluded that
"there had been some"rhat unjustifiablf\ in them,
"and upon that jealousy Dlade no scruplp of pub-
"lishing the \vorst reproaches upon his nlajesty."
And it Inay be, he \\Tas not \vithout an inlagination,
that if by this contest he had drawn the displeasure

OF TIlE H.EBELLION.

477

of the two houses upon hitn, as could not be avoid-
ed, his misfortune at court might have suffered that
contest z to have depressed him a . And when he left
the king bet\veen Nottingham and Shrew-sbury, his
condition "ras so lo,v at court b, that a man might
have imagined his interest would be best preserved
by being \vithin the verge of the parliament's pro-
tection. As his return to London was besides the
king's expectation, so his stay there was longer than
seemed to be intended C by his o,vn proposal; for he
staid there above t"TO months, till after the battle of
Edge-hill, and both parties being fixed in their winter
quarters; and then, without "raiting again on the
king, though Oxford ,vas very few miles out of his
,yay, about the end of Novenlber, he ,vent to Ches-
ter, with a purpose of transporting hinlself for Ire-
land, but \vithout the least appearance of addition
of strength, or provisions fronl the parliament; nei-
ther were their ships there ready to transport him.
About the end of November, four officers of the
army in Ireland, sir James l\lontgolnery, sir Hard-
ress'Valler, colonel Arthur Hill, and colonel Audly
l\iervin, having been elnployed fronl Ireland to so-
licit the parliament for succours, came from London
to Oxford, and delivered a petition to the king; in
,vhich they told hinl, "that they had addressed
"themselves to the parlianlent for supplies, whose
" sense of their Iniseries, and inclination to redress
" them d, appeared very tender to thenl; but the
"present distempers of the kingdom of England

z contest] omitted in lJ1 S.
a depressed him] MS. adds:
and revenged itself upon the
choler of the other.

b at court] Not in MS.
C intended] Not in -"'18.
rl them] Not in ilJS.

BOOK
YI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

i78

'I'I-IE HIS'I'ORY

" \vere gro\vn so great, that all future passages, by
" which cOll1fort and life should he conveyed to that
" gasping kingdom, seelned totally to be obstructed;
" so that, unless his n1ajesty, out of his singular ,vis-
"dom and fatherly care, applied son1C speedy re-
"ll1ed y e, his loyal and distressed subjects of that
"kingdolll must inevitably perish. They acknow-
" ledged his princely favour and goodne
s since this
" ebellion, so abundantly expressed in a deep sense
., and lively resentment of their bleeding condition;
" and therefore they besought him, an10ng his other
" weighty cares, so to reflect upon the bleeding con-
"clition of that perishing kingdon1, that tin1ely re-
" lief lnight be afforded. Otherwise his loyal sub-
"jects there must yield their fortunes, as a prey;
" their lives, a sacrifice; and their religion, a scorn
" to the l11erciless rebels, powerfully assisted froll1
" abroad."
And indeed the condition of the protestants, in
that kingdom, ,vas very miserable: for, whilst the
distractions of England kept theill from receiving
succours from thence f , the rebels had arms, a111111U-
nition, money, and c0111111anders, from ROIne, Spain,
and France; the pope having sent a fOrll1al avowed
nuncio, to whose jurisdiction the Irish subll1itted;
and the kings of France and Spain having sent
great supplies, and their agents, to countenance and
f0111ent the rebellion; who gave notable countenance
to the assell1bly and forn1ed council for the rebels,
settled at Kilkenny.
The king, who ,veIl knew this petition was sent
by the pern1ission of those at 'Vestn1inster, and that

e remedy] care

f from thence] Not in ft'lS.

OF TIlE REBELLION.

479

the agents employed \vere nlen of notorious disaffec-
tion to hhn, \vho looked for SOlne such answer as
might improve the envy of the people, used the
Inessengers \vith all possible grace, and returned
then1 as gracious an answer: " That, froln the be-
" ginning of that monstrous rebellion, he had had
-" no greater sorro\v, than for the hleeding condition
" of that his kingdom. That he had, by all means,
" laboured, that tilnely relief lnight be afforded to
" it, and consented to all propositions, how disad-
" vantageous soever to hiruself, that had been offer-
" ed to him to that purpose; and, not only at first
" recolnn1ended their condition to both his houses
" of parliament, and iU11nediately, of his o\vn In ere
" motion, sent over several COnl111issions, and caused
"some proportion of arms and a111111unition (which
" the petitioners well kne\v to have been a great
"support to the northern parts of that kingdom)
" to be conveyed to them out of Scotland, and offer-
" ed ten thousand volunteers to undertake that war;
"but had often pressed, by n1any several messages,
" that sufficient succours might be hastened thither,
" and other matters of slllaller importance laid by,
" \vhich did divert it; and offered, and 1110St really
" intended, in his own royal person, to have under-
" gone the danger of that \var, for the defence of
" his good subjects, and the chastisement of those
" perfidious and barbarous rebels; and in his several
" expressions of his desires of treaty and peace, he
" had declared the n1iserable present condition and
"certain future loss of Ireland, to be one of the
"principal motives most earnestly to desire, that
" the present distractions of this kingdonl 11light be

nOOK
VI.

1643.

nOOK
VI.

16-13.

480

1.' I-IE HI S'TOR Y

" COlllposed, and that others would concur with him
" to the same end."
He told them, "He ,vas well pleased, that his of-
"fers, concurrence, actions, and expressions, were
" so rightly understood by the petitioners, and those
"who had employed them, (notwithstanding the
" groundless and horrid aspersions which had been
" cast upon him;) but he wished, that, instead of a
"n1ere general complaint, to which his majesty
"could make no return but of compassion, they
" could have digested, and offered to him any such
" desires, by consenting to \vhich, he might convey,
" at least in SOB1e degree, cOlllfort and life to that
"gasping kingdom; preserve his distressed and
" loyal subjects of the same from inevitably perish-
" ing, and the true protestant religion fron1 being
" scorned and trampled on by those merciless rebels.
"And, if the petitioners could yet think of any
" such, and propose them to his n1ajesty, he assured
" them, that bX his readiness to consent, and his
"thanks to then1 for the proposal, he would make
"it appear to theIn, that their most pressing per-
" sonal sufferings could not make them more desir-
" ous of relief, than 11Ìs care of the true religion,
" and of his faithful subjects, and of his duty, ,vhich
"obliged him, to his power, to protect both, ren-
" dered him desirous to afford it to thern."
The king being fully informed no", as well by
this committee, as fron1 his n1inisters of state in
that kingdoB1, of the gro\ving po,ver of the rebels in
Ireland, and of the weak resistance his good sub-
jects ,vere like to make, ,,,hose only hopes depended
upon those succours ,yhich they presumed the lord

OF THE REBELLION.

lieutenant would bring over ,vith hÜn, and that he
\vas no\v going thither \vithout the least addition of
strength, or probable assurance that any would be
sent after hin1; his 111ajesty considered likewise,
that, besides the danlp this naked arrival of the lord
lieutenant there must cast upon the minds of all, it
would lnake like\vise a great alteration in the con-
duct of affairs there. For, upon his landing, the
comluission to the earl of Ornlond, of lieutenant
general of the arn1Y, would be determined; and
there had those jealousies and disrespects passed be-
t\veen the earl of Leicester and him, that the earl
of Orluond was resolved, no more to continue that
command, but inunediately to transport hhuself out
of that kingdoln; by which the king should lose
the service of a person luuch the most powerful,
most able, and most popular within that kingdolTI g ;
and ",
ho had, with wonderful courage and conduct,
and ahnost miraculous success, hitherto restrained
the rage and fury of the rebels, an.d indeed a n1an
so accomplished, that he had either no enemies, or
such who were ashalned to profess they \vere so.
Upon these considerations, the king thought fit,
for SOlne time, till he lnight farther weigh the "Thole
business, to suspend the earl of Leicester's journey:
and therefore sent to him to Chester ('v here he had
lain, in
ome indisposition of health, above a fort-
night; and the ships being not yet COlne for his
transportation) "to attend his 111ajesty at Oxford ;"
which he. did shortly after Christlllas, and continued
there; the king directing the earl of Orlnond (\vhorll
about this tÏlllc he Inade a marquis) "to carryon

'TOI.. III.

<;! kingdom] provincE'
I i

1<81

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

482

TIlE HISTORY

" tbe \var as he had done; and, during the absence
" of the lord lieutenant, to dispose of all places and
" offices in the army ,vhich becaille void." His ma-
jesty like\vise at this til1le l11ade h an alteration in
the civil po\ver; for whereas sir 'Villia111 Parsons
and sir John Burlacy had continued lords justices
frotTI and before the death of the earl of Strafford,
the king finding that sir "Tilliam Parsons (\vho ,vas
a Ulan of long experience in that kingdom, and con-
fessed abilities, but always of suspected reputation)
did hinl all imaginable disservice, and cOlnbined
with the parlial1lent in England, removed hhn i
from that trust; and, in his rOOln, deputed sir Harry
Tichborne, a lllan of so excellent a fame, that
though the parliament was heartily angry at the
remove of the other, and knew this ,vould never be
brought to serve their turn, they could not fasten
any reproach upon the king for this alteration.
Another CirCU111stance lllust not be forgotten.
After the ,val' broke out in England, the parlialnent
had sent over two k of their mel1lbers of the COln-
nlons (l\lr. Raynolds and l\lr. Good\vyn) as a COl1l-
mittee into Ireland, to reside at Dublin, and had
given directions to the lords justices, "that they
" should have leave to be present at I their consulta-
" tions;" which they had; and were no other than
spies upon those, ,vho should presulne to deliver
any opinions there not agreeable to the sense of the
houses. 'Vhen the king made that alteration in
the governlnent, he likewise took notice, that strang-

h I-lis ll1ajesty likewise at this

ime made] and likewise mak-
Ing
j removed him] ahout this

time renlo\'ed sir '\trill. Parsons
Ii: two] a couple
1 at] at an

OF TI-IE REBELI
IO
. 483

ers \vere admitted to be present at their debates,
which had never been before practised; and there-
fore required thein, " that it might be so no n1ore."
Hereupon, the committee, who had carried thel11-
selves very insolently and seditiously there, and ,vith
notable contenlpt of the king, and his authority,
were, by the lords j lIstices and council, inhibited
froln being present at the council; and thereupon
they quickly left the kingdonl, and returned to
London; the parlialnent unreasonably III accusing
the king of a new breach of privilege, for this dis-
respect to their members. This ,vas the state of
Ireland, the ,var being that spring prosperously car-
ried on by the marquis of Ormond, and the earl of
Leicester still staying at Oxford with the title of
lord lieutenant. And so ,,"e \\Till return to Oxford
and London.
Many days being past since the return of the
con1mittee of lords and C0l11mOnS froll1 Oxford, ,vith
the king's ans\ver to their propositions, and no reply
being Inade by the houses, or indeed any solenln
debate entered thereupon, (for his nlajesty had every
day information of ,vhat passed anlong theIn, even
in their most secret councils,) and, on the contrary,
preparations more vigorously intended for the ,val',
than had been before, in sending out strong parties
to infest the king's quarters, (for, besides the incur-
sions and progress of sir William ,V aller, which are
before remembered, Mr. Hambden had made some
atternpts upon the BrilJ, a garrison of the king 9 g
upon the edge of I3uckinghalTIshire, but without ef-
fect, and ,vith sonle considerable loss,) in levyin

In nnrea
mnably] iUS. adds: find impmlently
I i 2

BOOK
VI.

1643.

.1.84

THE I-IIS'rOn"y.

noD K great nUlubers of men, for the recruiting the earl of
VI. E
ssex's army; and designing ne\v extraordinary
J 643. \vays for the raising of Inoney, and associating se-
veral counties of the kingdo111, to\vards the raising
ne,v armies: the king, as \vell to have the conve-
niency of sending to London, (of ,vhich journeys he
I11ade good use,) as to quicken and necessitate then1
to SOll1e reply, sent another message to theIn, put-
The king ting then1 in nlind of " the proposition he had lllade
puts the . .
two houses " for a cessatIon of arIns;" and desIred "if n they
in mind of d f . h h d . h
his propo- "approve 0 a cessatIon, t at t e ay upon \VhlC
sition f
r "the y thou g ht fit it should be g in and such P arti-
a cessation '
of arm
. "eulars, limits, and conditions of it, as ,vere neces-
" sary to he understood, and agreed on, before the
" cessation itself could actually begin, might be pro-
"posed by them. Since," his majesty said, "he
" supposed, by the present great preparations of se-
" veral forces to 11larch several ways, that, till all
" that should be agreed upon, they did 110t conceive
" theillseives obliged to an actual cessation; so nei-
"ther, till then, did his l11ajesty conceive hituself
"obliged to it: however, he wished it l1light be
" clearly understood between thenl, that no such
" imputations, as had been forlnerly, might be laid
" upon him, upon occasion of any thing that Blight
" intervene."
This Inessage put a necessity upon thenl, of en-
tering again upon the argument, and gave thenl,
\vho desired peace and accol1ll11odation, an oppor-
tunity to press for the debate, \yhich had been craft-
ily laid aside for the despatch of other Inatters; that
party, which \vas most deeply engaged in the war,

n if] that if

OF THE REBELLION. 485

and resolved to carry it on, having a notable dex- BOOK
terity in keeping those things from being debated, VI.
in which they found their sense ,vould not prevail. 1643.
And at this tilne, the nunlber of those in both
houses, who really desired the same peace the king
did, was (if they had not been over\vitted by them)
superior to the other. For, besides that many per-
sons, who from the beginning had always dissented
froln them, for their ease and conveniency had staid
among them, very many were convinced in their
understandings, that they had been nlisled; and
discerned, in what a bottomless gulph of misery the
kingdolll would be plunged, if an inlmediate com-
posure "rere not nlade; and some of those who had
heen as fierce as any, and given as great counte-
nance to the kindling the fire, either out of con-
science that they had done aIlliss, or fear that the
king ,vonld prevail by power, or anger that they
found other n1en valued above thenl; in their pre-
sent distraction, or their natural inconstancy even
in ill, were n10st solicitous for a treaty. So that,
\vithin few days after the receipt of this lnessage,
both houses agreed, "that there should be a treaty, Both
"in which so Inuch of the king's propositions as

;
s

l:;e
" concerned the nlaO'azines forts and shi p s and the should be a
b " , treaty; and
" proposition of both houses for the disbanding the they send
. for a safe
" arnnes, should be first treated on, and concluded, conduct.
"before the proceeding to treat upon any of the
" other propositions; and that the treaty should be-
" gin the fourth of l\larch, or sooner if it Blight be;
" and that, fron1 the beginning, the tilne should not
" exceed t\venty days."
The persons they Inade choice of to treat, ""ere
t}1,.e carl of Northlunbcrland, the lord Say, l\lr. Pierre-
I i 3

486

'rIlE HISrrOn,y

HOOK point,. sir 'Villianl Arlnyn, sir John HoUand, and
VI. 1\lr. 'Vhitlock, for whose safe conduct they des-
IG43. patched a ll1essenger to his l11ajesty; this resolution
The kì?g being taken but the last day of February. As soon
grants It to
all tht')' as the request ,vas presented, the king returned a
name but
the lord
afe conduct for the earl of Northunlherland and
Say. the four con1nloners; but refused to adn1Ït the lord
Say to his presence, upon the same exception he
had forlllerly refused sir John Evelyn at Colebrook ;
his lordship being personally excepted fro1n pardon
by a fornler proclanlation; but signified, "that if
" they would elnployany other person not within
,. the saIne rule, he should as freely C0111e as if he
" \\Tere in the safe conduct."
'Vhether the lord Say \vas n0111inatecl hy those
\\rho believed they should be able, upon the refusal
of hinl, (,vhich they could not but foresee,) to break
off all overtures of farther treaty; or ,vhether they
. believed, they had so far prevailed by underhand
negociations at Oxford, that he should be adn1Ítted,
and that he \vould have been able to persuade the
king to yield to what they proposed, or at least to
have engaged the king to those ,vho ,vould have
yielded to him, I kno,v not; but as it \vas not so
insisted on at 'VestIninster as to break the treaty,
so many ,vere of opinion at Oxford, that the king
should have adlnitted hinl. They said, ,- he ,vas a
" \vise Inan, and could not but kllO\V, that it \vould
" not be possible for hinl to make any iUlpression
"upon his Inajesty's judgnlent in the propositions
"in debate; and therefore, that he ,vould never
" have suffered himself to be designed to that nego-
" ciation, (which, without doubt, by his interest in
" both houses he might have prevented,) if he did

Ol
' 'rIfE REBELLION.

487

" not purpose to do some signal service to his ma- BOO K
" jesty." And indeed many believed, "that if he VI.
" had conle, and found the king's goodness inclined 1643.
" to pardon and trust hitn, that he would have done
" the best he could, to redeem his foriner breaches."
Others \vere of opinion, "that he ,vas so far fronI
" being inclined to serve the king, or advance the
" treaty, that they \vould have sent hiIn 0 as a spy,
" lest others should;" and these \vere the thoughts
both at Oxford and London. But the kiHg, who
knew the lord Say as well as any of them, believed,
that it ,vas not in his power to do any good, and if
it had, that it ,vas not in his \vill; ,vas resolved not
to break his rule, lest such a remission Inight give
advantage against hiIn in the future: and so sent
the ans\ver above remembered. Together with this
desire of a safe conduct, theý sent his nlajesty
\\rord, "that they had like\vise consented, that
" there should be a cessation of arms on either side,
., under the restrictions and limitations hereafter
" follo\ving.
1. " That all manner of arms, ammunition, Vie-The two
" I b II . d II h d .. houses
tua s, Inoney, U lOn, an a ot er comnlo ltIes, send their
" I Jassin g without such a safe conduct as nla y \var- terms .for a
cessatiOn.
" rant their passage, nlay be stayed and seized on,
" as if no cessation \vas agreed on.
2. "That all manner of persons, passing without
" such a safe conduct as is mentioned in the article
"next going before, shall be apprehended, and de-
" tained, as if no such cessation were agreed on
" at all.

() they" ould h.we sent him] he :should have been
ent
I i 4.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

488

'rHE HIS'l'OI{Y

3. "That his n1ajesty's forces in Oxfordshire
" should advance no nearer to 'Vindsor than 'Vheat-
" ley, and in Bnckinghan1shire no nearer to Ayles-
" bury than Brill; and that, in Berkshire, the forces
" respectively shall not advance nearer the one to
" the other, than no,v they are: and that the par-
"lian1ent forces in Oxfordshire shall advance no
" nearer to Oxford than Henley, and those in Ruck-
" inghamshire no nearer to Oxford than Aylesbury:
" and that his D1ajesty's forces shall lllake no ne\v
"quarters, above tw"elve Iniles from Oxford, any
" ,vay; and the parliament forces shall take no ne,v
" quarters, above t\velve Iniles frorn 'Vindsor, any
'" ,vay.
4. " That no siege shall be begun or continued
" against Gloucester; and that his majesty's forces,
" UO\V elnployed in the siege, shaH return to Cirpu-
" cester and l\laln1sbury, or to Oxford, as shall ùe
.. lllost for their convenience; and the parliament
" forces, ,vhich are in Gloucestershire, shall ren1ain
,,' in the cities of Gloucester, Bristol, and the castle
hand to\vn of Berkley, or retire nearer to "Tindsor,
" as they shall see cause: and that those of "Tales,
"which are dra,vn to Gloucester, shall return to
" their quarters ,vhere they \vere before they dre,v
" do\vn to Gloucestershire.
5. " That, in case it be pretended on either side,
" that the cessation is violated, no act of hostility is
" inllnediately to folIo 'v, but first the party con1-
h plaining i
to acquaint the lord general un the
" other side, and to allo,v three days, after notice,
Ii' for satisfaction; and in case
atisfaction be not
"given, or accepted, then five days' notice to be

OF THE REBELLION. 489

" given, before hostility begin, and the like to be
" observed in the remoter armies, by the cOlnmand-
" ers in chief..
6. "Lastly, that all other forces, in the kingdom
" of England, and dominion of 'Vales, not before
" Inentioned, shall remain in the saIne quarters, and
" places, as they are at the time of publishing this
" cessation, and under the sanle conditions as are
" mentioned in the articles before. And that this
"cessation shall not extend, to restrain the setting
" forth or elnploying of any ships, for the defence of
" his majesty's dominions."
All which they desired "his majesty ,voldd be
" pleased to ratify and confirln; and that this cessa-
" tion nlight begin upon the fourth of l\larch next,
" or sooner if it might be; and continue until the
" five and t\ventieth of the saIne month; and in the
"lnean time to he puhlished on either side; and
" that the treaty might like\vise comnlence upon
" the same day; and the continuance thereof not to
'" exceed twenty days."
These propositions \vere delivered to his majesty
on the first of l\larch, \vhich \vas ahnost a Inonth
after the cessation had he en proposed by him, (for
his propositions were 11lade on thp third of Febru-
ary,) which administered cause of doubt, that the
overture \-vas not sincere; since it \vas hardly pos-
sibl{\, that the cessation could begin so soon as the
fourth, by which time, though the king should con-
sent to the terlDS proposed, upon sight, his anSl\' er
could very hardly be returned to thenl. But the
articles. themselves \",ere such as occasioned llluch
dehate, and differencp of opinion.. among thuse \vho
desired t.he salHe thing. 'fhe king, after t h(1 cxa-

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

BOOK
VI.

I 643.

490

'rIlE IIIS'fORY

luination of theln \vith his privy-council, and at a
council of ,val', n1ade a cOlnlnittee out of each, to
consider the inconvenience his consent to them
might produce to his party, if that cessation and
treaty did not produce a peace; and the inequality
in theIn, if the overture passed from an equal enenlY
according to the rules of ,var. Some \vere of opi-
nion, " that the cessation should be consented to by
" the king, upon the articfes proposed, though ther
"should be thought unequal, not only because it
" vlould be an act of great grace and c0111passion to
" the people, to give thenl some respite, and taste
" of peace, and the not consenting to it (the reason
" not being so easy to be understood) ,vould be as
"Ï1llpopular and ungracious; but that, they be-
" lieved, it ,,
ould at least cast the people into such
" a slulnber, that lunch of their fury and l11adlless
,
,votlld be abated; and that they ,vould not be
" easily induced to part ",
ith the ease they felt, and
"\vould look upon that party as an enelny, that
" robbed then1 of it; that it ,vould give an oppor-
" tunity of charitable intercourse, and revive that
"freedoln of conversation, "vhich, of itself, upon so
"great advantage of reason, as they helieved the
" king's cause gave, \vould rectify tlJe understanding
" of many \vho \vere misled; but especially, that it
",vould not only hinder the recruit of the earl of
" Essex's army, (for that no lnan ,,"ould he so ll1ad
" to declare thenlselves against the king, ,vhen they
" sa,v a cessation, in order to restoring the king to
" his rights,) but \\
ould lessen the forces he had al-
" ready; in that the army consisted Inost !)f tHen
"engaged by the pay, not affection to the cause;
" ,vho, upon such a remission of duty as ,vould DC..

O:b'
rI-l.E REHELI..! ON.

491

" cessarily attend a cessation, ,vould abandon a party
",vhich they foresa\v, upon a peace, lllust he con-
" demned P, though it n1ight be secure: and \vhere-
" as all overtures of a treaty hitherto had advanced
" their levies upon pretence of being in a posture
" not to be contemned, they believed, a real cessa-
" tion ,vould render those levies inlpossible."
Others thought "any cessation disadvantageous
"enough to the king; and therefore, that the
" terlllS, upon ,vhich it ,vas to be Inade, \\Tere to be
" precisely looked to: that the articles proposed
" \vould only produce a suspension of present acts
" of hostility and blood arnong the soldiers; but not
" give the least taste of peace, or adlnit the least
" benefit to tIle people; for that all intercourse and
" conversation "Tas inhibited, insoilluch as no person
" of the king's party, though no soldier, had liberty
" to visit his ,vife, or family, out of the king's quar-
" tel's, during this cessation; anù the hindering re-
h cruits could only prejudice the king, not at aU the
" {}arl of Essex, who had at present a greater arlny
'ii than ever before; and the city of London was
"such a lllagazine of men, as could supply hÍIn
"upon very slnall ,yarning. Besides, though the
" state of the king's arnlY and quarters about Ox-
" ford \vas such as 111ight receive sonlC advantage
" by a cessation; yet, in the ,vest, it was hoped his
" affairs were in the bud; and the earl of N e\vcastle
" \\Tas so llluch 111aster in the north, that if a peace
" ensueù not, (\vhich ,vise lllen did not believe \vas
"seriously intended on the parliament's part, by
"reason the propositions to he treated on \vere so

P condemned] infamuus

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

-19

'-.rRE HISTORY

" unreasonable, and impossible to be consented to,)
"such a cessation would hinder the motion and
" progress of the earl's good fortune, and give time
" to the lord Fairfax, who was at present very lo,v,
" to put hÍlnself into such a posture as ll1ight give
"ne\\T trouble." And it is certain the northern
forces had then great dread of this cessation.
To these considerations was added another of
greater mon1ent, and ,vhich could be less answered p
by any access of benefit and q advantage on the
king's party. Hitherto the parliament had raised
their vast sun1S of n10ney, for the support of their
army, <,vhich could only be supported by constant
great pay,) and for r the discharge of their other
inunense expenses, incident to such a rebellion,
froln the city of London, and principally froll} their
friends, not daring so rigidly to execute their ordi-
nances generally, but contented thelllseives \vith
some severe judglnents upon particular men, whom
they had branded ,yith SOBle extraordinary mark of
ll1alignancy, out of London, save only that they
gleaned among their own zealots upon voluntary
collections, and plundered by their arn1Y, which
brought no supply to their COlnmon stock: and of s
\vhat they in1posed upon cities and towns, wherein t
they had garrisons, (in 'v hich they had been like-
,vise very tender,) they had received very little; not
venturing yet, by any general tax and imposition
upon the people, to inflan1e them, and inform them
how u they n1eant to invade their liberty and their

P answered] answered anù
poi zed
C} and] or
r for] Not in 1115.

5 of] Not in JUS.
t wherein] in which
u how] how far

OF THE REBELLION.

493

property, with the jealousy whereof they had blown BOOK
then1 up to all those swellings and seditious }lU- VI.
I110U1'S against the king; and apprehending, that if 1643.
they should attenlpt that, any encouragelnent of
strength froln any of the king's arn1ies would ll1ake
the whole kingdoll} rise against then1.
But now, after they had agreed to a treaty, and The houses
. pass an cr-
framed even artIcles for a cessation, they passed an dinance for
d . .i!. k h h a weekly
or Inance lor a ,vee ly assessment t roughout t e assessment
kingdom, towards the support of the ,var; by which

e
was Ílnposed upon the city of London the weekly kingdom.
sum of ten thousand pounds, and upon the ,vhole
kingdom no less than a \veekly payment of thirty-
three thousand five hundred and eighteen pounds,
amounting in the year to one million seven hundred
forty -two thousand nine hundred thirty-six pounds;
a prodigious SUI11 for a people to bear,
Tho, before
this war, thought the paYlnent of two subsidies in a
year, which, in the best tin1es, never amounted to
above two hundred thousand pounds, and never in
our age to above a hundred and fifty, an insupport-
able burden upon the kingdom: which x indeed had
scarce borne the same, under all the kings that ever'
reigned.
For the speedy and exact collection whereof, they
appointed, by the same ordinance, commissioners in
each county, such as were sufficiently inclined to,
and engaged in their designs. To this they added
other ordinances, for exacting the twentieth part,
and other payments, throughout the kingdom; which
had been only undergone (and that not generally)
in London; and, above all, for the sequestering and
seizing of the estates of all who adhered to the
x which] and

49

THE HISTORY

BOOK king. "No,v if a cessation ,vere consented to by
VI. "the king, on the articles proposed, and thereby
] 6--13. "the king's forces locked up ,vithin the several
"limits and narro,v hounds, in ,vhich they 'v ere
"contained, these ordinances Inight be executed
"throughout all thpir quarters; and thereby vast
" sunlS be raised. Their great association of N or-
"folk, Suffolk, CaIn bridge, Huntingdon, Bedford,
" and Essex, (in neither of ,vhich the king had any
"visible party, or one fixed quarter,) upon ,vhich,
" the apprehension of the earl of N e,vcastle's ad-
" vance upon thenl, kept then1 froul notable pres-
" sures, ,,
ould by this nleans yield thenl a great
" supply of nlen and ITIoney. In SOlllersetshire and
" Devonshire, ,vhil
t sir Ralph Hopton l11Íght here-
" by be kept from advancing, they nlight raise ,vhat
" they ,rould, and lllight dispose of the stocks and
"personal estates of those, 'Vh0111 they had, and
" ,vould declare to be In align ant ; and so this cessa-
"tion, besides the dalnage and prejudice to the
" loyal party, ,vould probably fill the rehels' coffers,
" the emptiness ,vhereof "\\
as the Inost, if not only,
" probable way and Ineans to deteruline the ,var."
These considerations Inade a deep inlpression
upon those, ,vho believed the treaty ,vas not like to
produce a peace; the nuulber of which "ras in-
creased by a new resolution, at this tinle entered
upon, and vigorously prosecuted, " to fortify the city
The city of " of London, and to dra\v a line about it;" ,vhich
London d · h II d " · h . h
fortified. ,vas execute WIt IUarVe OUS expe ltIon; \V IC .
many believed, ,vould not have been then done,

oth for the charge and jealousy of it, if it had not
he en resohred it should not yet return to the king's
obedience. And many persons of honour and qua-

OF TIlE REBELLION.

495

Iity about the king, who had given great life to his HOOK
affairs, ,vere so startled \\-ith the sense of it, that VI.
they addressed themselves together to his nlajesty, 1643.
and besought him, "that they lnight not lose that
"no\v, by an unequal cessation, which had heen
" preserved for tbenl, during the licence of hostility;
" and that his and their enenlies olight not he that
" way enabled to destroy thenl, which yet they
"durst not attelnpt to do by any other Y." The The king's
k . h .c. I d b . . 1 h proposals
lng ereupon, alter so enln e ates In councl, t e of altera-
chief officers of his arnlY being present, resolved to :;
:1:
,

lnake such alterations in the articles, as Ini g ht make h.ou l ses' f ar-
tic es 0
the ternlS a little more equal, at least prevent so in- cessation.
tolerable disadvantages.
1. "To the first article as it was proposed by
" thenl, his lllajesty fully and absolutely consented.
2. "To the second likewise fully, as far as it
"concerned aU officers and soldiers of the army;
"but he proposed, that all other his subjects, of
"what quality or condition soever, lnight, during
" the cessation, pass to and from the cities of Ox-
" ford or London, or any other parts of his majesty's
" dominions, ,,-ithout any search, stay, or imprison-
" Inent of their persons, or seizure and detention of
"their goods or estates: and that all manner of
"trade and conllnerce n1ight be open and free be-
" tween all his subjects, except bet,veen the officers
" and soldiers of either army, or for arms, ammuni-
" tion, money, bullion, or victuals for the use of
Ie either army, without a pass, or safe conduct;"
which, his majesty told them, "\vould be a good
" beginning to renew the trade and correspondence

Y by any other] Not in J18.

BOOK
VI.

I 643.

496

THE HIsrrORY

" of the kingdonl, and whereby his subjects might
" be restored to that liberty and freedo111 they were
"born to, and had so happily enjoyed till these
"miserable distractions; and which, even during

, this ,val', his Jnajesty had, to his utnlost, laboured
" to preserve, opening the ,vay, by n10st strict pro-
"clalnations, to the passage of all cOllln10dities,
" even to the city of London itself."
3, 4, 5, 6. To these the king like,vise consented,
,vith t,vo provisions: first, "that such ships, as
" 'vere necessary to be set forth, should be com-
" luanded by such persons as his lnajesty should ap-
"prove of. Secondly, that, during the cessation,
" none of his subjects should be ilnprisoned other-
" ,vise than according to the kno\vn hnvs of the
" land, and that there should be no plundering, or
" violence offered to any of his subjects." The first
of these ,vas inserted, (,vithout purpose of insisting
on it,) lest by the king's consent to the article, in
the ternlS it ,vas proposed, he lnight be thought to
consent in any degree to their usurpation of the
naval authority. And the second ,vas, to prevent
the execution of the ordinances before Inentioned.
And his ll1ajesty told then1, "he hoped, these
" small alterations would sufficiently manifest, ho\v
" solicitous he was for the good of his people, for
" ,vhose liberties he should insist, \vhen, in matters
" merely concerning hill1self, he n1Îght descend to
" easier conditions; and how desirous he ,vas, that,
" in this unnatural contention, no more blood of his
"subjects Inight be spilt, upon which he looked
"with much grief, cOlllpassion, and tenderness of
" heart, even on the blood z of those, who had lifted

on the blood] Not in A-'IS.

OF THE REBELLION. 497

"up their hands against him. And therefore he
"doubted not, but both houses would consent to
"them. Ho\vever, if any scruples should be made,
"he ,vas \villing that the commissioners for the
"treaty n1ight nevertheless imlnediately come to
" him, and so all lnatters concerning the cessation
" might be there settled bet\veen them."
After this answer returned by the king, many
days passed without any return to him; and in the
mean time another address was made to his ma...
jesty, upon which the great managers at London
had set their hearts, Inore than upon the treaty;
and for which indeed they deferred their treaty.
They had still a great dependence and confidence
upon their brethren of Scotland, and yet that people
moved very slowly; and, since the earl of Essex
had been settled in his winter quarters, there had
been high quarrels between the English and Scotch
officers, insomuch as, upon SOBle reproachful words
which had been cast out, many swords were one
day drawn in 'Vestminster-hall, when the houses
were sitting, between them; and sonle a blood
drawn, which (though the houses industriously la-
houred to cOlnpose it b with declarations" of their
" joint value and respect of that nation ,vith their
" own, and that their deserts could only distinguish
" them") gave so great umbrage, that 1uany of the
Scots, some of eminent con1mand, quitted the ser-
vice; and it was hoped it \vouid have broke any
farther national cOIn hi nation in mischief.
But the general inclination to rebellion ll1astered
those particular considerations and disobligations;

" some] a little
VOL. lIT.

h it] Not in JUS.
Kk

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

] G-t3.

498

'-rHE HIS'rORY

and, about the end of February, to facilitate the
king's consent to the grand proposition for the ex-
tirpation of episcopacy, (which the t\VO houses had
been, by the arts before mentioned, ,vrought to
n1ake; "'hen, in truth, there 'v ere very few of theIn-
selves desired it; as, when it passed the house of
peers, there ,vere but five lords present,) there ar-
rived at Oxford the earl of Lo,vden, lord chancellor
of Scotland, and 1\11'. Alexander Henderson, a man
of equal faIlle in the distractions that arose in that
kingdom: the foriner can1e as a cOITIlnissioner froln
the lords of the secret council of that kingdom, or,
as they then thought fit to call themselves, "the
" conservators of the peace bet\veen the t\VO king-
" don}s;" and desired to pass as a Juediator in the
differences between the king and the t\VO houses,
and that the king ,vollid give them leave upon the
matter to be uinpires between them. The other,
1\lr. Henderson, had a special en1ployment froB1 the
assen1bly of the kirk of Scotland, to present a peti...
tion froln that body to the king; the ,vhich, be-
cause it ,vas then thought of a very stran
e nature
and dialect, and because I shall ahvays report the
acts of that nation (as far as I aln obliged to 1Ilen...
tion theln) in their own words, I think very conve-
nient to insert in this place.
But it ,vill be first necessary, for the better un-
derstanding one angry clause in it, to remen1ber,
that, when the earl of Ne\vcastle marched into
Yorkshire, upon occasion of SOlne aspersions pub-
lished against hin1 by the lord Fairfax, "that his
" arn1Y consisted only of papists, and that his de-
" sign was to extirpate the protestant religion," the
earl set forth a declaration of the reasons of his

OF 'rHE REBEI
LION. 49
)

Inarching into that country, ,vhich ,vas, " upon the
" desire of the principal gentlenlen, to rescue and
" protect theln fro111 the tyranny of the parliament ;"
and thea, taking notice of" the scandalous imputa-
" tions upon hin1 in point of religion," after he had
vindicated hinlself from the least suspicion of incli-
nation to popery, he confessed "he had. granted
" con1missions to nlany papists, which, as he kne\v,
" ,vas, in this case, agreeable to the laws of the king-
" don1, so he believed it very agreeable to the pre-
"sent policy; and that the quarrel bet,veen the
" king and the t,vo houses being not grounded upon
" any lnatter of religion, the rebels professing thC111-
" selves to be of the san1e of which his l11ajesty was
" clearly kno,vn to be, and the papists generally at
" this time appearing very loyal to hiln, ,vhich too
" nlany protestants were not, he thought their assist-
" ance Inight very fitly be luade use of, to suppress
"the rebellion of the other." And from thence
these zealous Scots concluded, that he preferred the
papists, in point of loyalty, before the protestants;
,vhich ,vas a calumny of so public a concernnlent,
that they could not be silent in. Their petition fol-
lows in these ,vords.

13001\.
VL

1 (j4;
.

To the king'sC In08t excellent nlajesty.
Tlte lUl1nbZr }Jetition of tIle cO]}Z1lli
}8ioJlers qfthr
g'elleral asse1Jzbly of the kirk of 5'cotlal1(l
l1let at Edinburgh, Jan. 4, 164
.
" Our silence, and ceasing to present hefore your The Iwti-
" . t h II th h d d . h . tion of the
maJes your Un1) e oug ts an CSlres, at t IS gencra1 :,s-
c To the king's, &c.] This pe- lord Clarendon's amanuensis.
tition ;s in the handwriting of
Kk2

500

THE IllS TORY

BO 0 f{ "tilne of COl1llnon dang:er to religion, to your ma-
VI. '-J
"jesty's sacred person, your cro"yn, and l)osterity,
1643. "and to all your Inajesty's dominions, ,vere impiety
sembly of" . G d h kfì 1 d d . 1 1 .
the ]iÏrk of agaInst 0, un t an y u ness an IS oya ty. agaInst
Scotland " y our maiest y and indirect a pp robation and hard-
presented ." (.
to the king" enillo- of the adversaries of truth and P eace in their
hy Mr. b

IendersonJ "wicked ways, and cruelty against our brethren,
signed Jan. I .. h d I f m .. d . h f
4, 164;. "Ylng In suc ept IS 0 a lctlon an angul:S 0
" spirit; anyone of \vhich crin1es were, in us above
" all others, unexcusable, and would prove us most
" ull\vorthy of the trust committed unto us. The
" flame of this comn10n COlllbustion hath ahnost de-
" voured Ireland, is now wasting the kingdolll of
" England, and we cannot tell how soon it shall en-
"tel' upon ourselves, and set this your Inajesty's
" most ancient and native kingdonl on fire. If in
" this ,voful case, and lalnentable condition of your
" majesty's don1inions, all others should be silent, it
"behoveth us to speak: and if our tongues and
" pens should cease, our consciences within us would
" cry out, and the stones in the streets \vould an..
" swer us.
" Our great grief, and apprehension of danger, is
" not a little increased, partly by the insolence and
"presumption of papists, and others disaffected to
" the refornlation of religion, ,vho, although for their
" number and power they be not considerable anlong
" us, yet, through the success of the popish party in
" Ireland, and the hopes they conceive of the pre..
" vailing power of the popish arnlies and the prelati..
" cal faction in England, they have of late taken
" spirit, and begun to speak big ,vords against the
" refornlation of religion, and the work of God in
" this land; and partly, and more principally, that a

OF THE REBELLION.

501

" chief praise of the protestant religion (and thereby
" our not vain, but just gloriation) is, by the public
" declaration of the earl of N e,vcastle, general of
" your 111ajesty's forces for the northern parts, and
" nearest unto us, transferred unto papists; ,,?ho, al-
" though they he s,vorn enemies unto kings, and be
"as infamous for their treasons and conspiracies
"against princes and rulers, as for their known
" idolatry and spiritual tyranny, yet are they openly
"declared to be not only good subjects, or better
" subjects, but far better subjects than protestants:
" ,vhich is a new and foul disparagelnent of the re-
" formed religion, a notable injury to your majesty
" in your honour, a sensible reflection upon the whole
" body of this kingdom, which is impatient that any
" subjects should be more loyal than they; but ab-
"horreth, and extremely disdaineth, that papists,
" who refuse to take the oath of allegiance, should
" be cOlllpared with them in allegiance and fidelity;
"and which (being a strange doctrine from the
" nlouth or pen of professed protestants) will suffer
" a hard construction from all the reforlned kirks.
" 'Ve therefore, your majesty's most hUl11ble and
" loving subjects, upon these and the like considera-
" tions, do hunlbly entreat, that your 111ajesty lnay
" be pleased, in your princely ,visdol11, first to con-
" sider, that the intentions of papists, directed by the
" principles of their profession, are no other than
" they have been frolu the beginning, even to build
" their Babel, and to set up their execrable idolatry
" and antichl'istian tyranny, in all your lnajesty's do-
" JlliniollS; to change the face of your t,vo kingdonls
"of Scotland and England iuto the Sill1ilitudc of
1>' miserable Ireland; ,vl1ich is 1110re bitter to the
Kk3

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

BOOK
VI.

] 643,

502

1-" H E HIS 1" 0 R ,r

" people of God, your nlajesty's good subjects, to
"think upon, than death; and ,vhatsoever their
" present pretences be, for the defence of your ma-
"jesty's person and authority, yet, in the end, by
"their arms and po,ver, ,vith a displayed banner, to
"bring that to pass against your royal person and
" posterity, \\
hich the fifth of N ovenlber, never to be
" forgotten, ,vas not able by their subtile and under-
" nlining treason to produce; or, "7 hich "rill he their
" greatest mercy, to reduce your majesty, and your
h kingdonls, to the base and unnatural slavery of
" their monarch, the pope: and next, that your ma-
,- jesty, upon this undeniable evidence, nIay timouslyd
"and speedily apply your royal authority, for dis-
" banding their forces, suppressing their po\ver, and
" disappointing their bloody and nlerciless l1rojects.
" And for this end, ,ve are, with greater earnest-
"ness than before, constrained to fall down again
"before your l11ajesty, and, in all hUlllility to rene,v
" the supplication of the late general asselnbly, and
" our o\vn fornler petition in their nanIe, for unity of
" religion, and uniformity of church-government in
" all your 11lajesty's kingdol1ls, and, to this effect, for
" a lneeting of SOlne divines to be holden in Eng-
" land, unto ,vhich, according to the desire of your
" majesty's parliament, sonle cOl1llnissioners lllay be
"sent fronl this kirk; that, in all points to be pro-
" posed e and debated, there nlay be the greater con-
"sent and harlnony. 'Ve take the boldness to be
" the nlore instant in this our hunIble desire, because
" it concerneth the Lord Jesus Christ so nluch in
" his glory, your nIajesty in your honour, the kirk

ù timously] timely

(' proposed] propounded

OF 'l'HE l{EBELLION. 503

" of England <,vhich we ought to tender as our own
" bowels, and whose reforn1ation is 1110re dear unto
" us than our lives) in her happiness, and the kirk
" of Scotland in her purity and peace; fornler ex-
" perience and daily sense teaching us, that, ,vithout
" the reformation of the kirk of England, there is no
" hope or possibility of the continuance of reforma-
" tion here.
" The Lord of heaven and earth, whose vicegerent
" your majesty is, calleth for this great ,vork of re-
" forlnation at your hands; and the present comnlO-
" tions and troubles of your 111ajesty's dOlninions are
" either a preparation, in the nlercy of God, for this
" blessed reformation and unity of religion, (which
" is the desire, prayers, f and expectation of all your
" Inajesty's good subjects in this kingdom,) or, which
" they tremble to think upon and earnestly deprecate,
" are (in the justice of God, for the abuse of the
" gospel, the tolerating of idolatry and superstition,
" against so clear a light, and not ackno,vledging the
" day of visitation) the beginning of such a doleful
" desolation, as no policy or po,ver of Ulan shall he
" able to prevent, and as shall 111ake your lllajesty's
"kingdoms, within a short time, as luiserablc as
" they nlay he happy by a reforillation of religion.
" God forbid that, whilst the houses of parlialuent
" do profess their desire of the reforlnation. of reli-
" gion in a peaceable and pariialllentary ,vay, and
" pass their hills for that end in the particuJars ; that
" your 111ajesty, the nurse-father of the kirk of Christ,
" to whose care the custody and vindication of reli-
" gion <loth principally belong, shouldp:, to the pro-

f prayers.] Not in .US.

g should] shall

Kk-t

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BooK
VI.

1643.

504

l.'HE HI S'l'OR Y

" voking of the anger of God, the stopping of the in-
" fluence of so D1any blessings from Heaven, and the
" grieving of the hearts of all the godly, frustl
ate
"our expectation, D1ake our hopes ashall1ed, and
" hazard the loss of the hearts of all your good sub-
" jects; \vhich, next unto the truth and unity of re-
" ligion, and the safety of your kingdoms, are \\Tilling
"to hazard their lives, and spend their blood, for
" your Inajesty's honour and happiness.
" 'Ve are not ignorant, that the work is great, the
., difficulties and impedinlents many; and that there
"be both Dlountains and lions in the ,vay; the
., strongest let, till it be taken out of the ,yay, is the
H mountain of prelacy: and no \vonder, if your ma-
"jesty consider, ho,v Hlany papists, and popishiy
" affected, have, for a long tÏ1ne, found peace and
"ease under the shado\v thereof; how many of
" the prelatical faction have thereby their life and
" being; how n1any profane and worldly nlen do
" fear the yoke of Christ, and are unwilìing to sub-
"n1it themsel yes to the obedience of the gospel;
" how many there be, whose eyes are dazzled ,vith
"the external glory and pOlllp of the kirk; ,,,hose
" D1inds are miscarried \vith a conceit of the govern-
" ing of the kirk by the rules of human policy; and
" whose hearts are affrighted with the apprehensions
" of the dangerous consequences, which may ensue
"upon alterations. But \vhen your 111ajesty, in
" your princely and religious ,visdoln, shall remem-
" her, from the records of forIner tiules, ho\v against
" the gates of hell, the force and fraud of ,vicked
" and \vorldly men, and all panic fears of danger, the
-" Christian religion ,vas first planted; and the Chris_
" tian kirk thereafter reforllled: and, froln the COll-

I

OF THE REBELLION.

505

" dition of the present times, how many, from the
" experience of the tyranny of the prelates, are afraid
" to discover themselves, lest they be revenged upon
"them hereafter, (whereas prelacy being renloved,
" they would openly profess what they al
e, and join
" with others in the way of reformation,) all ob-
" stacles and difficulties shall be but matter of the
" Inanifestation of the po,ver of God, the principal
" worker; and n1eans of the greater glory to your
" Inajesty, the prhne instrlunent.
" The interJnixture of the governnlent of prelates
" ,vith the civil state, mentioned in your n1ajesty's
" answer to Ollr forn1er petition, being taken away,
" and the right government by assemblies, which is
" to be seen in all the reformed kirks, and wherein
"the agreement will be easy, being settled; the
"kirk and religion will be more pure, and free
" from h mixture, and the civil government more
"sound and firn1. That government of the kirk
"n1ust suit best \vith the civil state, and be most
" useful for kings and kingdoms, which is best war-
" ranted by God, by whom kings do reign, and king-
" doms are estab1ished. N or can a reformation be
" expected in the common and ordinary way, ex-
" pressed also in your majesty's answer. The wisest
" and most religious princes have found it Ï1npossible,
" and implying a repugnancy, since the persons to
" be reformed, and reformers, lllust be diverse; and
" the way of reformation must be different froln the
" corrupt way, by which defection of workmen, and
" corruption in doctrine, worship, and government,
" have entered into the kirk. Suffer us therefore,
"dread sovereign, to renew our petitions for this
It froln] of

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
\'1.

16 -13.

506

THE HISTORY

" unity of religion, and uniforn1ity of kirk-govern-
" nlent, and for a nleeting of sonle divines of both
" kingdouls, who l11ay prepare Inatters for your nla-
" jesty's vie\v, and for the exan1Ïnation and approba-
"tion of 1110re full asselnblies. The national as-
" seulbly of this kirk, fro In which \VC have our corn-
" nlission, did pro111ise, in their thanksgiving for the
" l11any favours expressed in your luajesty's letter,
"their best eudeavour to keep the people under
" their charge in unity and peace, and in loyalty and
h obedience to your majesty, and your la\vs; ,vhich,
" ,ve confess, is a duty well beseenling the preachers
" of the gospel.
" But we cannot conceal ho\v lnuch both pastors
" and people are grieved and disquieted ,vith the late
"reports of the success, boldness, and strength of
" popish forces in Ireland and England; and how
" l11uch danger, fron1 the po,ver of so 11lalicious and
" bloody enemies, is apprehended to the religion and
" peace of this kirk and kingdou1, conceived by theln
" to he the spring, ,vhence have issued all their cala-
" Inities and miseries. "\Vhich ,ve hUlnbly rell1011-
" strate to your majesty as a necessity requiring a
" general assenlbly, and do earnestly supplicate for
" the presence and assistance of your 111ajesty's conl-
" n1issioner i , and the day to he appointed; that, by
" universal consent of the whole kirk, the best course
" 111ay be taken for the preservation of religion, and
"for the averting of the great wrath, ,vhich they
" conceive to he iU1nlinent to this kingdoill. If it
... shall please the Lord, in \vhose hand is the heart

, of the king, a.s the rivers of ,vaters, to turn it

i commissioner] commjs
ione'"

OF THE REBELLION. 507

" \vhithel'soever he \vill, to incline your majesty's
"heart to this through reformation; no more to
" tolerate the InaS8, or any part of ROlnish supersti-
" tion, or tyranny; and to com111and that all good
" nleans be used for the conversion of your princely
"consort, the queen's nlajesty, (\vhich is also the
" hUlnble desire of this whole kirk and kingdom,)
" Jour joint conlforts shall be multiplied above the
"days of your affliction, to your incredible joy;
" your glory shall shine in brightness, above all your
" royal progenitors, to the adlniration of the world,
" and the terror of your enenlies: and your king-

, dOlns so far abound in righteousness, peace, and
"prosperity, above all that have k been in forlner
" generations, that they shall say, It is good for us,
" that u'e have been ajflicte(l."
This petition ,vas not stranger in itself, than in
the circumstances that attended it; for it was no
sooner I presented to the king, (if not before,)m than
it ,vas sent to London, and printed, and cOlnmuni-
cat
d \vith extraordinary industry to the people;
that they lllight see how far the Scottish nation
would be engaged for the destruction of the church;
and the messenger ,vho presented it, 1\11'. Henderson,
confessed to his l11ajesty, that he had three or four
letters to the 1110st active and seditious preachers
about London, from nlen of the saIne spirit in Scot-
land. Upon this provocation, the king might have
very reasonably proceeded against Mr. Henderson,
,vho ,vas neither il1cluded in his safe conduct, (as
the lord Lo\vden and the rest of the C0l11lnissioners
,vcre,) nor had any authority from the lords of the

k have] hath
1 no sooner] no sooner (if

bO soon)
m (ifnot before,) lVut ill
lS.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

50M

'rHE HIS'rOltY

council of that kingdoln, (who were qualified ,vith
large powers,) to countenance his enlployment;
being sent only from the commissioners of the gene-
ral assen1bly, (who were not authorized by their o,vn
constitutions, to Inake any such declaration,) and
there being then no asselnbly sitting; \vhich itself,
with all their new privileges, could not, with any
colour of reason, or authority, have transacted such
an instrun1ent. Ho\vever the king, who ,veIl kne,v
the interest and influence the clergy had upon the
people of that kingdom; and that, whilst they pre-
tended to remove them from all secular elnploy-
ll1ent, they were the principal instrulnents and en-
gines, by which the \vhole nation \vas ,vrought to
sedition; resolved, not only to use the person of
1\11'. Henderson very graciously, and to protect hÜn
froin those affronts, ,vhich he might naturally ex-
pect in a university, (especially, he n having used
some grave and learned doctors ,vith great insolence,
,vho ,vent civilly to him to be inforn1ed, what argu-
lllents had prevailed with hinl, to be so professed an
enell1Y to the church of England, and to give him
some information in the argument; ,vith whom ]Ie
superciliously refused to hold any discourse,) but to
return an ans,ver with all possible candour to the
petition itself; and so, before he entered upon the
other address, nlade by the lord Lo\vden and the
rest, he returned (after very solemn debates in coun-
cil, 'v here the earl of Lanerick the secretary for
Scotland, and other lords of Scotland, ,vho were of
the privy-council, ,vcre present, and fully concurred,
with luany expressions of their detestation of the

n he] Not in JIS.

OF THE REBELLION. 509

manners of their countrymen, yet ,vith assured COD- BOO K
VI
fidence that they \vould not be corrupted to any act----.:._
of hostility) to l\lr. Henderson, and, with all expedi- 1643.
tion, by other hands into Scotland, this answer;
which like\vise I think fit to insert in the very words,
that posterity lTIay know how tender and provident
the king always was, to prevent any misunderstand-
ing of him and his actions with that people; and
consequently any commotions in that kingdoln;
which was the only thing, he feared, n1Ïght contri-
bute to, and continue, the distractions in this.

His '1Jlajest!/' S ll1l.,;we1- 0 to the P late petition p1re-
seute(l 'lOltO hiJJt by tIle llall(ls of lJ;Ir. Alex-
llllder Henderson,fro1Jz the c01Jl'/nissiollers qf
the general asse1Jlbly of tIle ckllrclz of Scot-
land.
" 'Ve received lately a petition from you, by the His "majes-
" hands of l\lr. Alexander H enderson, to the w hich
r

:
::i:
" we intend e d to have g iven an answer as soon as tion March
, 20, 1642.
"we had transacted the business with the other
" con1missioners, addressed to us froln the conserva-
" tors of the treaty of that our kingdom. But find-
CI ing the same to be published in print, and to be
" dispersed throughout our kingdom, to the great
" danger of scandaling of our well affected subjects;
" who may interpret the bitterness and sharpness of
" some expressions, not to be so agreeable to that
" regard and reverence, which is due to our person,
" and the matter of the petition q itself to be re-
" proachful to the honour and constitution of this

o His majesty's answer, &c.]
This answer is in the handw'riting
of lord Clarendon's amanuensis.

P the] a
C} of the petition] Not in MS.

510

FJ."HE HI S'rOR Y

BOO K "kingdom: \ve have been c0111 p elled, the 1110re
VI.
" stlictly to exanline, as well the authority of the
1643. "petitioners, as the 11latter of the petition itself,
" and to publish our opinion of both, that our 8ub-
" jects of both kingdon1s lnay see ho,v equally just,
" and sensible, ,re are of the la,vs and honour of
" both our kingdoms.
" And first, upon perusal of the petition, ,ve rc-
" quired to see the con1missioll, by which the 111eS-
" senger ,vho brought the petition, or the persons
",vho sent him, are qualified to interlneddle in
" affairs so foreign to their jurisdiction, and of so
" great concernment to this our kingdolll of Eng-
"land. Upon exalnination ,vhereof, and in defence
" of the la,vs and government of this our kingdonl,
"which ,ve are trusted and s,vorn to defend, \\re
"must profess that the petitioners, or the gen
ral
" assembly of our church of Scotland, have not the
" least authority, or power, to intermeddle or inter-
"pose in the affairs of this kingdoln, or church;
"which are settled and established by the proper
"laws of this land, and, till they be altered by the
" sanIe competent po,ver, cannot be inveighed against
" without a due sense of us, and this nation; lTIuch
" less can they present any advice or declaration to
" our houses of parlianIent against the same; or, to
" that purpose, send any letters, as they have now
" done, to any ministers of our ch urch here; 'v ho,
" by the laws of this land, cannot cOITespond against
" the saIne.
" Therefore, ,ve do believe that the petitioners,
." ,vhen they shall consider ho\v un\varranted it is by

, the la,vs of that kingdonl, and how contrary it is
"to the la ,vs of this, to the professions they have

OF THE REBELLION.

511

" Inade to each other, and how unbeC0111ing in itself,
" for them to require the ancient, happy, and esta-
" blished governnlent of the church of England to
" be altered, and conforll1ed to the laws and consti-
"tutions of another church, ,viH find themselves
" misled by the information of SOlne persons r here,
" who \vould ,villingly engage the petitioners to fo-
" ment a difference and division bet\veen the t\VO
" kingdo111s, which \ve have, with so 11luch care and
" industry, endeavoured to prevent; not having la-
"boured more to quench the combustion in this
" kingdom, than \\Te have to hind
r the like fro111 ei-
" ther devouring Ireland, or entering into Scotland;
" which, if all others will equally labour, ,viII nn-
" douhtedly be avoided. But we cannot so easily
" pass over the 111ention of Ireland, being moved to
"it by the scandalous aspersions, that have been
" often cast upon us, upon that subject, and the use
" that hath been made of the woful distractions of
" that kingdonl, as of a seminary of fears and jea-
"lousies, to beget the like distractions in this;
" which S lest they may have farther influence, we
" are the more ,villing to make our innocence ap-
" pear in t11at particular.
" \Vhen first that horrid rebellion begun t, ,ve were
" in our kingdom of Scotland; and the sense we had
" then of it, the expressions we made concerning it,
" the commissions, together \vith some other assist-
" ance, \ve sent immediately into that kingdo111, and
" the instant recolnmendation we made of it to both
" our houses of parlianl(
nt in England, are kno\vn
" to all persons of quality there and then about us.

r persons] factious persons
s whichJ and, which

t begun] began

BOOK
VI.

J G..t3.

nOOK
VI.

1643.

51

THE HISTOR\Y

" After our return into England, our ready con-
" curring to all the desires of both houses, that might
"most speedily repress that rebellion, by passing
" the bill of pressing, and in it a clause, ,vhich quit-
" ted a right challenged by all, and enjoyed by lllany
" of our predecessors, by parting with our rights in
" the lands escheated to us by that rebellion, for the
"encouragement of adventurers; by emptying our
" magazines of arll1S and ammunition for that ser-
" vice, (which ,ve have since needed for our neces-
" sary defence and preservation,) by consenting to
" all bills for the raising of money for the sanle,
" though containing unusual clauses, which trusted
"both houses without us with the Dlanner of dis-
" posing it: our often pressing both houses, not to
" neglect that kingdom, by being diverted by consi-
" derations and disputes less concerning both ki.ßg-
" doms: our offer of raising ten thousand volunteers
" to be sent thither; and our several offers t,o engage
" our own royal person, in the suppression of that
" horrid rebellion, are no less kno,vn to all this na-
" tion, than our perpetual earnestness, by our fo-
"reign 111inisters, to keep an manner of supplies
"from being transported for the relief of the rebels,
"is known to several neighbouring princes; ,vhich
" if all good subjects will consider, and ,vithal ho,v
" many of the men, and how llluch of the Inoney
" raised for that end, and how much tilne, care, and
"industry, have been diverted fron1 that el11ploy-
" ment, and employed in this unnatural war against
" us, (the true cause of the present miseries 11, and
" want, which our British armies there do now en-

n In iseries] m iser

O

'rHE I-tEBELLION. 513

" dure,) they ,vill soon free us fron1 all those impu-
" tations, so scandalously and groundlessly laid upon
" us; and Í1npute the continuance of the con1bus-
" tion of that lniserable kingdoll1, the danger it luay
" bring upon our kingdollls of England and Scot-
" land, and the beginning of this doleful desolation,
" to those \vho are truly guilty of it.
" For unity in religion, ,vhich is desired, we can-
" not but answer, that \ve llluch apprehend, lest the
" papists luay Blake son1e advantage of that expres-
" sion, bycontinuingthat scandal with n10re authority,
" which they have ever heretofore used to cast upon
" the reforlnation, by interpreting all the differences
"in cerelllony, governl11ent, or indifferent opinions
"bet\veen several protestant churches, to he diffe-
"rences in religion; and lest our good subjects of
" E:ngland, ,vho have ever esteemed thel11selves of
" the san1e religion with you, should suspect then1-
" selves to be esteen1ed by you to be of a contrary;
" and that the religion \v hich they and their ances-
" tors have held, ever since the blessed reforlllation,
" and in, and for which, they are resolved to die, is
" taxed, and branded of falsehood, or insufficiency,
" by such a desire.
" For uniformity in church-government, ,ve con-
" ceÏ\Ted the ans\ver fOl'lnerly given by us (at Bridge-
" north, 13th October] 642) to the forn1er petition
"in this argUl11ent, ,vould have satisfied the peti-
" tioners; and is so full, that Vle can add little to it ;
" viz. that tlle governluent here established by the
"la,vs hath so near a relation and interluixture
"with the civil state, (,vhich may be Unkn(HVn to
"the petitioners,) that till a cOlnposeò, digested
"foru} Le presented to US
upon a frpc debate of
YO I... I I J. J. I

BOOK
VI.

J 643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

514

r:I'I-I E 1-1 IS'r 0 It Y

" both houses in a parlialnentary ,vay, whereby the
"consent and approbation of this \vhole kingdom
" may be had, and \ve and all our subjects may dis-
" cern, ".hat is to be left in x, or brought in, as ,veIl
" as \vhat is to be taken a\vay; we know not how to
" consent to any alteration, otherwise than to such
" an act for the ease of tender consciences in the
" n1atter of ceremonies, as ","'e have often offered;
" and that this, and any thing else that may concern
" the peace of the church, and the advancement of
" God's tru
religion, n1ay be soberly discussed, and
"happily effected, we have forlnerly offered, and
" are still \villing, that debates of that nature 111ay
"be entered into by a synod of godly and learned
" divines, to be regularly chosen according to the
" la\vs and customs of this kingdom: to ,vhich \ve
" shall be willing that SOlne learned divines of our
" church of Scotland Inay be like\vise sent, to he
" present, and offer, and debate their reasons. 'Vith
" this answer the petitioners had great reason to ac-
" quiesce, \vithout enlarging the matter of their for-
" mer petition only with bitter expressions against
"the established government and laws of their
" neighbour nation, (as if it \vere contrary to the
" word of God,) with whom they have so lately en-
" tered into a strict amity and friendship.
" But \ve cannot enough wonder, that the peti-
" tioners should interpose themselves, not only as fit
"directors and judges between us, and our two
" houses of parliament, in business so wholly con-
" cerning the peace and governn1ent of this our king-
" dOI11; and in a matter so absolutely intrusted to

x in] Not in 11-18.

OF 'rHE REBELLION. 515

" liS, as \vhat new laws to consent, or not to consent
" to; but should assunle, and publish, that the de-
" sire of reforlnation in this kingdoln is in a peace-
" able and parlialllentary \vay; when all the world
" may kno\v, that the proceedings here have been,
" and are, not only contrary to all the rules and
" precedents of former parliaments, but destructive
"to the freedom, privilege, and dignity of parlia-
" ments themselves: that we were first driven by
" tUll1ults, for the safety of our life, from our cities
" of London and \Vestminster; and have been since
" pursued, fought \vithal, and are now kept from
" thence by an arll1Y, raised and paid, as is pre-
" tended, by the two houses, which consist not of
" the fourth part of the number they ought to do;
" the rest being either driven fronl thence by the
" saIne violence, or expelled, or in1prisoned, for not
" consenting to the treasons and unheard of inso-
" lencies practised against us. And if the petition-
"ers could believe these proceedings to be in a
" peaceable and parlialnentary ,yay, they \vere veryY
" unacquainted \vith the order and constitution of
" this kingdom, and not so fit instruments to pro-
" lnote the reforlnation and peace, they seem to de-
" sire.
" 'Ve cannot believe the interlnixture of the pre-
" sent ecclesiastical government with the civil state,
" to be other than a very good reason; and that the
" government of the church should be by the rules
" of human policy, to be other than a very good
" rule, unless some other governlnent \vere as well

y very]
ot in AIS.
I
1 2

BOOK
VI.

1643.

HOOK
VI.

I 643.

!;lG

TI-IE I-IISTORY

" proved, as pretended, to be hetter ,varranted hy
" the \vord of z God.
" Of any bills offered to us for reformation a , \ve
" shaH not no\\
speak, they being a part of those ar-
" ticles upon ,vhich \ve have offered, and expect to
" treat: but cannot but ,vonder, by ,,,hat authority
" you prejudge our judglnent herein, by denouncing
" God's anger upon us, and our hazard of the loss of
" the hearts of all our good suhjects, if "
e consent
" not unto theln. The influence of so many bless-
" ings fronl Heaven upon the reigns of queen Eli-
"zabeth and our father of blessed lnemory, and
"the ackno,vledgment of them by all protestant
" churches, to have been careful nurses of the church
" of Christ, and to have excellently discharged their
.., duties, in the custody and vindication of religion;
" and the affection of their subjects to them, do suffi-
" ciently assure us, that \ve should neither stop the
" influence of such blessings, nor grieve the hearts
" of all the godly, nor hazard the loss of the hearts
" of our good subjects, although \Ve stiH nlaintain,
" in this kingdom, the saine established ecclesiastical
"go'Ternment ,yhich flourished in their tinles, and
" under their special protection.
" 'Ve doubt not, but our subjects of Scotland \vill
" rest abundantly satisfied ,vith such alterations in
" their o,vn church, as \\Te have assented unt.o; and
" not be persuaded by a lnere assertion, that there is
" no hope of continuance of ,vhat is there settled by
" la,v, unless that be Jike,vise altered \vhich is settled
.
"here. And our suhjects of England ,viII never de-

Z the word of] Omitted in IJJS. n for refOrIl1ation] Not in filS.

OF 'rHE ItEllELLION.

517

" part froll1 their dutiful affection to us, for not con-
"
enting to ne\v la,vs, \vhich, by the law of the
" land, they know we may as justly reject, if \ve ap-
" prove not of then1, as either house hath po\ver to
" prepare for, or Loth, to propound to us. Nor are
" you a little mistaken, if either you believe the ge-
" nerality of this nation to desire a change of church-
" governn1ent, or that lTIOst of those, \vho desire it,
" desire by it to introduce that \vhich you b only
" esteem a reforluation; Lut are as un willing to sub-
" mit to what you call the yoke of Christ, and obe-
" dience to the gospel, as those whon1 you call pro-
" fane and worldly men; and so equally averse both
" to episcopacy and presbytery, that, if they should
" prevail in this particular, the abolition of the one
" would be no inlet to the other; nor would your
" hearts be less gl'ieved, your expectations less frus-
"trated, your hopes less ashalned, or your refor-
" rnation more secured. And the petitioners, upon
"due consideration, \vill not find theillse]ves less
" lllistaken in the governlnent of all the refornled
" churches, \vhich, they say, is by assemblie-s, than
" they are in the Lest ,yay of reforlnation c; \v hich
" sure is best to be in a COlnlnon and ordinary \vay,
" \vhere the passion or interest of particular men
" l11ay not in1pose upon the puhlic; Lut alteration
" be then only 111ade, \vhen, upon cahn d dehates,
"and evident and clear reason, and convenience,
" the same shall be generally consented to for the
"peace and security of the people; and those who
"are trusted by the la \v \vith such debates, are
" not divested of that trust, upon a general charge

b you] you wiH
C of reformation] of a

formation
rc- cl calm] -:Vf)lin JIS.
I. I :j

BOOK
VI.

] G43.

BOOK
VI.

I 643.

518

1.'HE I-IISTORY

" of corruptions, pretended to have entered by that
" way; and of being the persons to be reformed,
" and so unfit to be reformers. And certainly, the
"like logic, \vith the like charges and pretences,
" nlight be used to 111ake the parliament itself an in-
" capable judge of any reformation, either in church
" or state.
"For the general expressions in the petition
"against papists, in which the petitioners may be
" understood to charge us with compliance and even
" favour to their opinions; we have taken all occa-
" sions to publish to the world our practice and re-
" solution in the true protestant reforlned religion:
" and we are verily persuaded, there is no one sub-
" ject in either of our dominions, who at all knows
" us, and hath observed our life, but is, in his soul,
" satisfied of our constant zeal and unmoveable C
" affection to that religion, and of our true dislike of,
"and hearty opposition to popery. And as \re
" willingly consented, at our being in Scotland, to
" all acts proposed to us, for the discountenancing
" and the reforming the papists in that our king-
" dom; so, by our proclamations for the putting of
" all laws severely in execution against recusants;
" and by not refusing anyone bill, presented to us
" to that purpose, in this kingdom; and by our per-
"petual and public professions of readiness, ,vith
" the advice of our two houses of parliament, pre-
" pared for us in a deliberate and orderly way, to
" find SOUle expedient to perfect so good a work;
" \ve conceived, 've had not left it possible for any
" man to believe us guilty of tolerating any part of

e un moveable ] ullremoreable

OF THE REBELLION.

519

" the ROlnish tyranny or superstition; or to suspect,
" that the conversion of our dearest consort was not
" so much our desire, that the accession of as nlany
" cro,vns as God hath already besto\ved on us, \vould
"not be more ,velcoll1e to us than that day: a
" blessing, ,vhich it is our daily prayer to the AI-
" mighty to besto,v upon us.
" But we l11ight ,veIl have expected fronl the pe-
" titioners, who have, in their solemn national cove-
" nant, literally sworn so much care of the safety of
" our person, and cannot but kno,v in ho\v much
" danger that hath been, and still is, by the power
" and threats of rebellious arlnies, that they \vould
" as well have remembered the 23d of October, as
" the 5th of N ovenlber; and as well have taken no-
" tice of the army raised, and led against us by the
" earl of Essex, which hath actually assaulted, and
" endeavoured to tnurder us; which we know to
" abound in Bro\vnists, anabaptists, and other secta-
" ries; and in which we have reason (by prisoners
" we have taken, and the evidence they have given)
" to believe there are nlany 1110re papists (and many
" of those foreigners) than in all our arlny; as have
" advised us, to disband out of the arlny of the earl
" of Newcastle, which is raised for our defence, the
"papists in that arlny; \vho are kno\vn to be no
" such number, as to endanger their obtaining any
" po,ver of building their Babel, and setting up their
" idolatry; and 'v hose loyalty he hath reason to COll1-
" 111end (though he \vas never suspected for favouring
" their religion) not before that of protestants, but
" of such as rebel under that title; and whose assist-
" ance is as due to us, by the la 'v of God and man, to
" rescue us froln dOlnestic rehellion, as to dcfend us
I. 14

BOOK
VI.

1643.

nOOK
VI.

I G43.

:3
O

'fHE RISTon,

"fronI foreign invasion; \vhich \ve think no 11lan
" denies to be lawful for then1 to do. But \ve do
"solenlnly declare, and protest, that God shaH no
" sooner free us fron1 the desperate and rebellious
" arl11S taken up against us, but ,\\TC shall endeavour
" to free ourselves and kingdom fron1 any fear of
" danger fron1 the other, by disarnling theIn, accord-
" ing to the la\vs of this land; as \ve shall not fail to
" send our comnlissioner f to the assel11bly, at the
" tinle appointed for it by the la\v8 of Scotland.
" rf 0 conclude, \ve desire and require the peti-
" tioners (as becomes good and pious preachers of the
" gospel) to use their utlnost endeavours, to conlpose
" any distraction in opinions, or misunderstandings,
10' ,\\Thich nlay, by the faction of some turbulent per-
" sons, be raised in the nlinds of our good subjects
" of that our kingdom; and to infuse into them a
" true sense of charity, obedience, and humility, the
"great principles of the Christian religion; tbat
" they may not suffer themselves to be transported
" \vith things that they do not understand, or think
" themselves concerned in the governnlent of another
" kingdo111, because it is not according to the cus-
"t01118 of that in \vhich they live; but that they
" dispose themselves, \vith Blodest}'" and devotion, to
" the service of Almighty God; \vith duty and affec-
" tion, to the obedience of us, and our la"'8; (re-
" mel11bering the singular grace, favour, and benig-
" nity, we have always expressed to that our native
" kingdom;) and \vith brotherlJ and Christian cha-
" rity one to\vards another: and \ve doubt not but
" God, in his mercy to us and then}, ,,'ill nlake us

I commissioner] conlrnis
ioner

OJ1-' ï'I-IE REBELLION.

5S21

" instruments of his blessings upon each other, and ß 00 K
" both of u
, in g a great 111easure, of happiness and VI.
" prosperity to the whole nation." 1643.

The lord Lowden and the other lay -comn1is- Th
traul;.
. . d d b h . actions of
sioners, \VhO \vere persons entIrely gUI e - y In), the earl of
d f . .!' . 1 . h d h . Lowden
an . 0 Inlerlor qua lty, gave t e prece ence to t IS and other
P etition \vhich the y called Inatter of relio'ion. and Scntti
h
, b ' commlS-
P ressed not their o\vn comnlission, till the kin g had sinners at
Oxford:
declared and published his ans\ver to the other h : that they
m i
ht be
and though they pretended not to have any autho- mediators,
· h . . h f h and for a
rIty to say any t lng In t at engagenlent 0 t e parliament
conunissioners of the assembly; yet the lord Lowden i l n S d 'cot-
an .
used all importunity, and argull1ents, to persuade
the king in private, to consent to the alteration of'
the government of the church; assuring hhn, " that
" it \vould be a means, not only to hinder his sub-
" jects of Scotland fro111 adhering to the parliaplent ;
" !Jut that it \rould oblige theln to assist his majesty
" to the utlnost, in the vindication of aU his rights."
But he quick]y found the king too strongly fixed to
be s\vayed in a case of conscience, by a consideration
of convenience; and his lordship undertook to give
no other argtunents.
He betook hilnself then \vith his companions to
their o\vn proper and avo\ved..errand; \vhich con-
sisted of two parts: the one, to offer" the Inedia-
" tion of the conservators of the peace of that king-
" dOlll, for the composure of the differences het\veen
" the king and the two houses ;" the other, " to de-
" sire his Inajesty, that he would send out his pre-
" cepts to summon a parliament in Scotland." 'fhese

b in a great measure,] of a
great mea::mre

h to the other] to that

BOOK
VI.

1643.

52Q

'l'I-IE HISTORY

desires, and any arguments to enforce thenl, they
ahvays delivered to the king himself in writing;
declining any address to his nlinisters, or any de-
bates with his council, lest it lnight seenl to lessen
the grandeur and absoluteness of the kingdolTI of
Scotland. But the king always brought those pa-
pers, ,vhich he received from them, to his council ;
and received their advice, what ans,vers to return.
For the first, of lnediation, they pretended a title
and obligation to it, by a clause in the act of pacifi-
cation nlade at the beginning of this parlialnent;
which clause was, "That the peace to be then
"established Inight be inviolably observed in all
" tÍIne to come, it was agreed, that sonle should be
" appointed by his majesty, and the parliaments of
"both kingdoms, who, in the interilll bet\vixt the
" sitting of the parlialnents, nlight be careful, that
" the peace then happily concluded might be con-
" tinued; and who should endeavour by all means
" to prevent all troubles and divisions; and if any
" debate and difference should happen to arise, to
" the disturhance of the COlnmon peace, they should
" labour to renlove or conlpose theIn, according to
" their po,ver; it being supposed, that, for all their
" proceedings of this kind, they should be ans\ver-
"able to the king's majesty and the parJialnent:
"and if any thing should fall out that sh
)tlld be
" above their po,ver, and could not be reluedied by
" thenl, they should inform themselves in the ]Jarti-
" culal's, and represent the saIne to the king's nla-
"jesty, and the ensuing parliall1ent; that, by their
" wisdonls and authority, all occasion and causes of
" troubles Inight be ren10ved, and the peace of the
" kingdom might be perpetual to all posterity. And

OF l."HE REBELLION.

5
3

" it was declared, that the power of the cOlnmission BOOK
VI.
" should be restrained to the articles of peace in that
" treaty."
This clause, and the whole statute, being care-
fully perused, and examined before his nlajesty in his
council, the king returned an answer to them in
writing.
" That he could not find any colour, or pretence The king's
answer to
" of authority, to be granted by that act of parlia- them in .
b h . h h .. .e. S I d both parb-
"nlent, - y W IC t e COmmISSIOnerS lor cot an culals.
" could conceive thelnselves interessed in a faculty
" of mediation; that the clause mentioned by them
" (besides that there was no such cOllllnission granted
" as was mentioned in that clause, nor any cOlnnlis-
" sioners named for those purposes) related only to
" the differences that might grow bet\veen the two
" nations; and only upon the articles of that treaty,
" \vhich, his Inajesty said, had been, and should be,
" inviolably observed by him. That the differences
" bet \veen his nlajesty and his t,vo houses of parlia-
" Inent had not the least relation to the peace be-
" tween the two kingdol11s, but to his unquestion-
" able and long enjoyed rights i, \vhich his rebellious
" subjects endeavoured, by force, to \vrest frolTI hÍ1n;
" and concerned the fundamental la\vs of this king-
" d0l11; which, as they could not be supposed to be
" kno\vn to the conservators of the peace of Scot-
" land, so they could not have any possible cogni-
"zance of them. That it might give great UlTI-
" brage to his suhjects of England, if he should con-
" sent to what they no\v proposed; and, instead of
" confirming and continuing the peace, breed jea-

1643.

j to his unquestionable and questionable and long enjoyed
long enjoyed rights] to the UIl- rights of his

BOOK
VI.

1643.

5Q

'l'HE H IS
l'O It Y

h lousies between the nations; and therefore he
"could not adlnit of any such 111ediation as they
" proposed; but that he hoped the treaty, which he
" no\v expected, \vould beget so good an understand-
" ing between hinl and his t,vo houses, that a peace
"lnight ensue; to,vards which he \vould expect
" nothing fronl his subjects of Scotland, but their
" prayers."
This gave them no satisfaction, but they insisted
still on their right by that clause; which, without
any reason or argument to persuade others to be of
their Inind, they said, " they conceived, laid that ob-
" ligation upon them of interposition ;" to ,vhich the
king still gave the saine answer.
For their other demand of a parlianlent in Scot-
land, the case stood thus: The king, at his last being
in Scotland, had, according to the precedent he had
made here, granted an act for triennial parlianlents
in that kingdon1; and, at the close of that present
parliatnent, had ratified another act, by ,vhich a cer-
tain day "'as appointed, for the comll1encen1ent of
the next; \vhich day ,vas to be on the first Tuesday
of June, in the year 1644, except the king should
call one sooner; \vhich he had po,ver to do. So that
the question was only, \vhether the calling a parlia-
ment sooner in that kingdon1 was like to advance
his service, and to contribute to the peace of this?
In the disquisition ,,
hereof, there needed no argu-
ments, that such a convention could not then pro-
duce benefit to the king; the entire governn)ent of
that people being in those persons, \vho had con-
trived those dismal alterations. On the other hand,
all men thought it v'ery happy for the king, that,
\vithout his consent, there could be no parliament in

OF rrHE REBEI
LION.

52:5

Scotland, till June 1644; which was n10re than
fourteen Inonths fron1 this tilDe: till when, ho,v dis-
inclined soever the ,vhole nation should be, there
,vas as much assurance as could possibly be, from
that people, that the parlialnent would 110t be able
to procure any avo,ved supply from that kingdon1:
it being the express ,vords in the late act of pacifi-
cation, " that the kingdom of England should not
" denounce or make \var against the kingdom of
"Scotland, ,vithout consent of the parliament of
" England;" as on the other part it ,vas enacted,
" that the kingdom of Scotland should not denounce
"or make ,val' against the kingdom of England,
" \vithout the consent of the parliament of Scotland.
" And in case any of the subjects of either of the
"kingdon1s should arise k in arms, or lllake ,val'
"against the other kingdoln, or subjects thereof,
" \vithout consent of the parliament of that king-
" dom, whereof they are subjects, or upon which
" they do depend, that they should be held, reputed,
" and demanded, as traitors to the estates, whereof
" they are suhjects. And, that hoth the kingdoll1s,
" in that case, should be bound to concur in the re-
" pressing of those that should happen to arise in
" arms, or make war, without consent of their own
" parlianlent."
So that ,vhoever believed, that those people could
be contained by any obligations, divine or hunlan,
thought it impossible, hy these clear texts, that any
forces could be raised there to invade England, and
disturb his Inajesty, till June 1644; before which
tÍIne, there ,vas hope the king might so far prevail,

J... arise] risc

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

I G43.

526

TI-IE I-IIS'TOR Y

that the spirit of the rebellion Inight be broken, and
luen return again to their understanding and alle-
giance. Therefore to that demand the king returned
ans,ver, " that against the time by which they could
" legally demand a parlialnent," (naming the day,)
" he would issue out his \vrits, and there being no
"emergent cause to do it sooner, he \vould forbear
" to put his subjects there to that trouble, \vhich
" those meetings, how necessary soever, would na-
" turally carry with thenl."
When they perceived that they should not receive
satisfaction in either of their proposals, and (which
it may be troubled them more) that the king ,vas so
,vary in his answers, and so clearly expressed the rea-
sons and justice of them, that they should have no
argUl11ents to apply to the passion or interest of their
countrymen; ,vhich they expected at least; (for in
that, in which he ,vas n10st steadfastly resolved, the
preservation of the governnlent of the church, he
expressed no n10re to them, than," that being a
" nlatter of so great inlportance, and having so near
" relation to the civil governlnent and la,vs of Eng-
" land, they could not be competent considerers of
" it; but that he would do what should be most
" safe, and necessary for the peace and welfare of
" his subjects, ,vho ,vere most concerned in it ;") at
last rather cursorily, and as 111atter of ceren10ny at
parting, than of moment, they desired" the king's
" leave, and pass to go to London," having, as they
said, " some business there before their return into
" their o\vn country."
This ,vas, by many, thought a thing of so small
mOlnent, that the king should readily grant it; since
it was evident, that it was in their o\vn power to go

OF THE REBEI..LIOX. 5Q7

thither \\
ithout his leave; for they ,vere necessarily
to return through the enemy's quarters; and being
once there, they might choose \vhether they would
go directly hOlne, or visit l..ondon. And therefore
that request ,,-as thought but an instance of their
Inodesty, that they nlight not return without one
thing granted to theIn, at their request. But the
king looked upon it as no indifferent thing; and
their asking a business that they needed not ask, was
enough to denlonstrate, that there was 1110re in it
than appeared. And he \vell knew, there was a
great difference between their going to London with
his pass and licence, and without it, \vhich they
111ight easily do. They had now publicly declared
their errand, and clainled a title, and legal capacity
to undertake the business of Inediation; which would
be so far fronl being rejected there, that they would
be thankfully received, and admitted to a po"rer of
umpirage. If upon, or after this clainl, the king
should grant then1 his pass, it would, by their logic,
1110re reasonably conclude his assent, than many of
those inferences \v hich they dre\v fron1 more distant
propositions; and having that ground once, his ma-
jesty's not consenting to ,vhat those grave nledia-
tors would propose, and after,vards, as arbitrators,
award, should be quarrel sufficient for the whole na-
tion to engage. And therefore the king expressly
denied his pass and safe conduct; and told them
plainly the reason ,vhy he did so; and required
them, "since he had denied to consent to that, which
"could be the only ground of their going to Lon-
" don, that they should first return to those that
" sent them, before they attenlpted that jouruey: if
" they did otherwise, they nlust run the hazard of

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

The parlia.-
llH'nt's
commis-
sioners to
treat came
to Oxford.

The treaty
begins
upon the
proposals
of cessa-
tion; but
that takes
no effect.

528

TIlE I-IIS'fOR Y

" persons, 'VhOlll his n1ajesty \votIld not countenance
" ,vith his protection." And the truth is, though
they Inight very \vell have gone to London, they
could not have returned thence to Scotland, (except
they would have sublnitted to the in con venience and
hazard of a voyage by sea,) ,vithout so 111uch danger
from the king's quarters in the north, (York and
Ne,vcastle being at his devotion,) that they could
not reasonably pro111ise themselves to escape.
'Vhilst this was in agitation, the cOlnlllittee fron1
the parliament for the treaty, to ,vit, the earl of
Northumberland, Mr. Pierrepoint, sir 'V. Arll1yn,
sir John Holland, and 1\11'. "Thitlock, came to Ox-
ford; \vho shortly took notice of the Scottish I C0111-
missioners' desires, and also desired on their hehalf,
" that they Inight have his 111ajesty's leave to go to
" London:" but being quickly answered, " that that
" request would not fall \vithin either of the propo-
" sitions agreed to be treated of," they l110destly gave
over the intercession: and in the end, the lord Lo,v-
den and his countrymen returned directly to Scot-
land, staying only so long in the garrisons of the
enemy, through which they ,vere reasonably to pass,
as to receive such animadversions, and to entertain
such con1munication, as they thought 1110St neces-
sary.
As soon as the co 111 In it tee arrived at Oxford, they
"rere very graciously received by the king; his Ina-
jesty al,vays giving thelll audience in council, and
they \vithdra\ving into a private chall1her prepared
for them, ,vhilst their proposals, \vhich they still de-
livered in ,vriting, ,vere considered, and debated he-

1 Scottish] Scotch

OF TI-IE UEBELLION. 5Q9

fore the king. They declared, " that they were first Don K
VI.
"to treat of the cessation, and till that ,vas con-
" eluded, that they were not to enter upon any of 1 ô-13.
" the other propositions;" \vith ,vhich his majesty
was \vell pleased, presulning that they had brought,
or had power to give, consent to the articles pro-
posed by him; ,,-hich he rather m believed, when
they read the prealTIble to the articles; in ,vhich it
was declared, " that the lords and C0111IDOnS being
"still carried on ,vith a veheUlent desire of peace,
" that so the kingdom might be freed from the de-
" solation and destruction, \vhere\vith it "ras like to
" be over\vhehned, had considered of the articles of
"cessation with those alterations, and additions,
"offered by his Inajesty; unto \vhich they were
" ready to agree in such Blanner as ,vas expressed
" in the ensuing articles." After which, were in-
serted the very articles had been first sent to thp
king, ,vithout the least condescension to anyone
alteration, or addition, nlade by hinl; neither had
the committee power to recede, or consent to any al-
teration, but only to puhlish it, if the king consented
in terlTIS, and then, and not till then, to proceed to
treat upon the other propositions.
This the king looked upon as an ill omen; other
men as a plain contempt, and stratagenl, to nlake
the people believe, by their sending their cOlnnlittee,
that they did desire a treaty and a cessation" yet, by
limiting them so strictly, to frustrate both, and to
cast the envy of it upon the king. IIereupon, the
next day, the king sent a message to theIn, which
he published, to undeceive the people; farther press-

YOl.. III.

m rather] the rather

I rn

BOOK
VI.

1 643.

530

1-1 E 1-1 I S'T 0 R Y

ing "the \veight and consequence of his fornler ex-
" ceptions, and alterations; and the inconvenience
" that proceeded from not granting their committee
" po\ver to alter so Hluch as verbal expressions: so
" that, if the king should consent to the articles as
" they \vere proposed, he should not only subnIit to
"great disadyantages; but some such, as theIn-
" selves would not think reasonable to oblige hiln
"to. As by that article \vherein they reserved a
"po\ver to send out a fleet, or what ships they
"thought good, to sea; they were not at all re-
"strained froln sending what land forces they
" pleased, to any part of the kingdoll1; so that, \vhen
"the cessation ended, they nlight have ne'v and
" greater arn1ies throughout the kingdoln, than they
" had \vhen it begun; ,vhich, he presulned, they did
"not intend; being a thing so unequal, and con-
" trary to the nature of a cessation.
" Then in the articles they last sent, they styled
" their forces, the arlny raised by the parlialnent;
"the which if his majesty should consent to, he
" must ackno\\"ledge, either that he consented to the
" raising that arnIY, or that he \vas no part of the
" parliament: neither of which, he conceived, they
" \vould ohlige hin1 to do. And therefore he de-
" sired, that their cOl1llnittee might have liberty to
" treat, debate, and agree upon the articles; upon
" which they and all the world should find, that he
" was less solicitous for his o\vn dignity and great-
" ness, than for his subjects' ease and liberty. But
" if that so reasonable, equal, and just desire of his
" should not be yielded unto, but the sanle articles
"still insisted upon, though his lnajesty, next to
" peace, desired a cessation, yet, that the not agree-

OF rrlIE REBELLION.

531

" ing upon the one might not destroy the hopes of,
" nor so n1uch as delay, the other; he ,vas ,villing
" to treat, even without a cessation, upon the propo-
" sitions themselves, in that order that ,vas agreed;
" and desired their committee ll1ight be enabled to
" that effect. In which treaty he would give," he
said, " all his subjects that satisfaction, that if any
" security to enjoy all the rights, privileges, and li-
" berties, due to them by the law, or that happiness
"in church and state, which the best times had
" seen, with such farther acts of grace, as might
" agree \vith his honour, justice, and duty to his
" crown, and \\
hich Il1ight not render hin1 less able
" to protect his subjects, according to his oath, would
"satisfy them; his majesty was confident, in the
" 111ercy of God, that no Inore precious blood of this
" nation \vould be thus nliserahly spent."
This n1essage produced liberty to the cOlnmittee
to enter upon the treaty itself, upon the propositions,
though the cessation should not be agreed to: and
shortly after they sent reasons to the king, ,vhy they
consented not to the cessation in such manner, and
with those lilnitations, as he had proposed. 1. They
alleged, "that, if they should grant such a free
" trade, as the king desired, to Oxford, and other
" places, where his forces lay, it would be very diffi-
" cult, if not Í111possible, to keep arms, ammunition,
" l11oney, and bullion, fr0111 passing to his army:
" however, it would be exceeding advantageous to
" his majesty, in supplying his arll1Y with many ne-
" cessaries, and l11aking their quarters a staple for
" such C01111110dities, as Inight be vented in the ad-
"jacent counties; and so draw llloney thither;
" wherehy the inhabitants \vould be better enabled
l\1 111 2

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

BOOK
YI.

1643.

5
j

'1' J-I E II I S 'r 0 R Y

" by loans, and contributions, to su,pport his nrl11Y.
" As this advantage to him ,vas very demonstrable,
" so it ,vas very hnprohable that it ,,,"ould produce
" any supply to them; and, in a treaty for cessation n,
" those delnands could not be thought reasonable
"that \vere not indifferent, that is, equally advan-
" tageous to both parties. 2. 'rhat to de111and the
" approving the conlmanders of the ships, ,vas, to
" desire to add 0 the strength of the one party to the
" other, before the differences \vere ended; against
" all rules of treaty. And to 111ake a cessation at
" sea, ,vas to leave the kingdonl naked to foreign
" forces, and the ports open for his su pplies of arn1S
" and al11nlunition. But for conveying any forces,
" by those Ineans, from one part to the other, they
" ,vould ooserve the articles by ,vhich that \vas re-
"strained. 3. For the expression of the arnlY
"raised by the parliament, they were contented it
" should ue altered, and the nalne of the t,vo houses
"used. 4. For the C01111nitting none, but accord-
" ing to the kno\vn laws of the land, that is, by the
" ordinary process of law, it ,vould follo,v, that no
"man must be conlmitted by them for supplying
" the king ,vith arms, money, or a111nlunition; for,
" by the la\v of the land, the subject nlight carry
"such goods from London to Oxford: the soldiers
" must not be con1nlitted \vho do run from their co-
" lours, and refuse any duty in the army; no Inan
" should be committed, for not subJnitting to neces-
" sary supplies of money: so that if it should be
"yielded to, in his Inajesty's sense, they should
"be disa\)led to restrain supplies from their ene-

.., ('eE\
ation] a cessation

(1 to add] i.Yot ill 1',1 S.

OF THE REBELLION.

533

"lnies, and to govern and nlaintain their o,vn
" soldiers; and so, under a disguise of a cessation,
" should P admit that \vhich would necessari]y pro-
" duce the dissolving of their arnlY, and destruction
" of their cause. And," they said, " it lvas not pro-
" bable, that his nlajesty \vould suffer the same in-
" conveniences by that clause; for that they believed
" he would interpret, that what his general did by
" virtue of his cOlllmission, \vas and \vould be done
" according to the known hnvs of the land; whereas
" he had denied, that those known la,vs gave any
" power to the t\VO houses of parliament to raise
" armies; and so, consequently, their general could
" not exercise any martialla\vs. So that under the
" specious sho\v of liberty and la\v, they should be
"altogether disabled to defend their liberties and
" laws; and his majesty \vould enjoy an absolute
" victory and submission, under pretence of a ces-
" sation- and treaty." They said, " being, by a ne-
" cessity inevitable, enforced to a defensive war, and
" therein ,varranted both by the la\vs of God and
" Inan, it must needs follo,,', that, by the same la\v,
" they were enabled to raise n1eans to support that
" ,var; and therefore they could not relinquish that
"power of laying taxes upon those who ought to
" join \yith them in that defence, and the necessary
" \vay of levying those taxes upon then1, in case of
" refusal; for other
ise their army must needs be
" dissolved." ,
Though these reasons were capable, in a sad and
composed debate, of full answers, and tuany things
would naturally have flowed frotl1 them, to disprove

BOOK
VI.

1643.

P should) that should
l\I 01 3

BOOK
VI.

J 643.

534

l.'HE HIS
rO]IY

the practice and assertions of the framers of then1 ;
yet it ,vas very evident, that they carried such a
kind of reason with theIn, as would prevail over the
understandings of the people; and that the king, by
not consenting to the cessation, as it was proposed
by them, would be generally thought to have re-
jected any; 'v hich could not but have an ill influ-
ence upon his affairs: and therefore his nlajesty sent
them, as soon as he had ,yeighed this late message,
,vhich he 'v ell discerned was not fornled to satisfy
hiIn, but to satisfy the people against hitn, an an-
s,ver; in which he eXplained the ill consequence of
many of their assun1ptions, and enforced the im-
portance of his former demands on the behalf of the
people: however, he offered" to admit the cessation
" upon the matter of their o,vn articles; so that he
" might not be understood to consent to any of those
" unjust and illegal po,vers, ,vhich they exercised
" upon the subjects." But froln hencefornrard, the
houses declined any farther aì
gumellt and debate
concerning the cessation; and directed their com-
mittee, "to expedite the treaty upon the proposi-
" tions :" the particulars whereof being transacted in
the beginning of the year 1643, I shall refer the
narrative to t
e next book; intending in this, only
to cOlnprehend the transactions to the end of 1642.q
I am persuaded, if the king had, upon the receipt
of the articles for the cessation, ,,
hen they were first
sent to hiIn, frankly consented to it, it ,vould have
proved very lnuch to his advantage; and that his
arlny would very much have increased by it, and the
other been impaired; and that it "rould have been

q 1642.] Namely old style.

OF THE REBELLION.

535

very difficult for the parlialnent to have dissolved it, BOO K
if once begun, or to have detern1ined the treaty. VI.
But besides the reasons before mentioned, the con- 1643.
sideration of the northern forces, and the restraining
then1 ,vithin their old quarters, who seen1ed to be in
a condition of n1arching even to London itself, pre-
vailed very far with the king; or rather ('v hich in-
deed ,vas the Inain r reason, and rendered every
other suggestion of ,veight) the jealousy that they
did not intend to consent to or admit any peace,
but such a one as his majesty n1ight not adn1it,
made all the preliminary debates the n10re insisted
on.
I cannot s but insert 'one particular, \vhich t n1ay
hereafter be thought of some signification. It was
now the time of the year, when, by the custom of
the kingdoln, the king's judges itinerant used to go
the v circuits throughout England and \Vales, to ad-
minister justice to the people; and to inquire Ìnto
all treasons, felonies, breaches of the peace, and other
lllisdemeanours, ,vhich were any ,,-here con1mitted
contrary to the known laws; and theyU "rere sworn
to judge according to those known laws, the study
and knowledge whereof ,vas their profession.
The ]ords and commons now sent to the king a The advicr

I " d · d d · h . I · and drsires
specla message, to a vIse, an eSIre 1111, t 1at, In of the two
"regard of the present distractions, which might
;r
i
:;on-
" hinder both the judges and the people fro In re- gaol-deli-
very.
" sorting to those places ,vhere such Ineetings Inight
" be appointed, the assizes and gaol-delivery Inight
" not be holden; but that it might be deferred,

r main] grand
S I cannot] Before I conclude
this book, I cannot

t which] which by some men
v the] their
11 they] who
1\1 m 4

nOOK
VI.

1643.

His ma-
jesty's Rn-
swer.

The two
houses
make an
ordinance
to forbid

536

THE I-IIS'rORY

" until it should please God to restore peace unto
" his people."
The king returned them ans\ver; "that the pre-
" sent bloody distractions of the kingdonl, which he
" had used all possible nleans to prevent, and ,vould
" still to relnove, did afflict his majesty under no
" consideration more, than of the great interruption
" and stop it made ill the course and proceedings of
" justice, and the execution of the la\vs; "Thereby
" his good subjects 'v ere robbed of the peace and
" security they \\Tere born to. And therefore, as
" much as in him lay, he ,vould advance that only
"means of their happiness; at least, they should
" see that their sufferings that way proceeded not
"from his majesty; and since they Inight no\\r ex-
"pect, by the laws, statutes, and customs of the
f' kingdom, the assizes and general gaol-delivery in
" every county, his nlajesty thought not fit to corn-
" nland the contrary; but would take se\Tere and
" precise order, that none of his subjects should re-
" ceive the least prejudice, as they repaired thither,
" by any of his forces, \vhich rule he should be glad
f' to see observed by others. And then he hoped,
" by the execution of the la\\rs, even those public
" calamities lnight have SOlne abatement, and the
" kingdom recover its fornler peace and prosperity."
But this ans\ver ,vas not more satisfactory tllan
others x they had usually received fronl him; and
therefore they betook thelnselves to their old tried
weapon, and made an ordinance. "that all judges,
" and justices of assize and nisi prius, and justices
" of oyer and terminer, and gaol-delivery, should

x others] l{ot in MS.

OF 'l'HE REnELl..IO
.

537

" forbear to execute any of their said cornnlissions, BOO K
VI.
" or to hold or keep any assizes, or gaol-delivery, at
" any tÍIne during that Lent vacation; as they would 1643.
the next
" ans,ver the contempt and neglect thereof before assizes,
h I d d . I . t " TI .. and gaol-
"t e or s an comn10ns In par lamen . us Y was delivery.
the first avo"red interruption and suspension of the
public justice, that happened, or that "Tas known
ever before in that kind; and gave the people occa-
sion to believe, that 'v hat the parliament did (what
pretence soever there was of fundamental laws) was
not so ,varrantable hy that rule, since they laboured
so much to suppress that inquisition. It ,vas not in
the king's po\ver to help this; for besides that the
example of judge l\lallet, ,vho, the circuit before,
had been forcibly taken fron1 the bench by a troop
of horse, as is before remeu1bered, terrified all the
judges, (and there were very fe,v counties in Eng-
land, in which they could have been secure from
the like violence,) the records, upon ,vhich the legal
proceedings were to be, were at London; and so the
exercise of the la\v ceased throughout the kingdom,
save only in sonle fe,v counties, whither the king
sent SOine judges of assize, and into others, his com-
mission Z of oyer and terminer; by virtue ,,-here04
the earl of Essex, and many others, 'v ere as legally
attainted of high treason, as the \visdon1 of our an-
cestors could direct.
1'he treaty a, as IS said, being 111anaged at the

Y This] And this
Z commission] commissions
d The treaty-against him.]
This paragraph does not appear
in either oj lord Clarendon's ma-
nuscripts; but in 111 S. B. the
characters of the prit'y-counsel-

lors arc thus introduced: \l" e
shall in this place, and before
we mention the treaty which
shortly ensued, for in ÚIe time
between the return of the COI1l-
missioners to London, and the
beginning of the treaty, this

538

THE HIS'rORY

BOO K council-table, the pride of the parliament having re-
VI. fused to treat with any but the king himself, and
1643. his majesty resolving to transact all by the advice
An account d .. f h .. . 1 . . 1 b
and elm- an opInIon 0 IS privy-councI , It 'VII e season-
;

t
:i
.
_ able in this place to set do\vn the nalnes of all those
coullsellors P riv y -counsellors who attended the kin g : there
then at-
t
ndingthe being at this time a new one added to the nun1ber;
kmg, and
those who for in the tilne between the return of the cOlnmis-
stayed with . L d d h . · b k h
the two SIOnerS to on on, an t eir comIng ac to t e
houses. treaty, sir John Colepepper being preferred to be
Mr. Hyde
made chan- master of the rolls, 1\1r. Hyde was made chancellor
cellor of ..
the ex- of the exchequer, who, tIll that tune, though he was
cheqner. known to be trusted in Inatters of the greatest im-
portance, was not under any character in the court:
and "'hen we have named those, \vho according to
their duty did ,vait upon the king, ,ve shall likewise
name those, who, being under the saine obligation,
stayed and acted with the parliament against him.
Of the lord The lord Littleton ,vas keeper of the great seal of
Littleton. .
England, of whom so much hath been saId before,
that there is no need of enlargen1ent upon him in
this place. His parts, which in the profession of the
la w ,vere very great, were not very applicable to the

person (whom we shall here-
after mention under the style of
chancellor of the exchequer)
was preferred to that office, and
because it was about the end of
the year (1642-3), it being in
F ebrl1ary when he was sworn a
pri\'y-counsellor, we
hall set
down the state of tIle court and
the state of the kingdom at this
time, the names of those privy-
counsellors who attended the
king, or were in his service, and
the names of those who were
likewise of the council, but sta)'ed

and acted with the parliament
against the king; and likewise
the temper of the kingdom at
that season, as it was possessed
and made useful to ei ther party;
and then it will easily appear
how little motive any man could
have from interest
r ambition,
who was not carried by the im-
pulsion of conscience anti con-
sideration of duty, to engage
himself in the quarrel on the
king's side The lord Littleton
&c. as above, line 19.

OF THE REBELLION.

539

business no,v in hand; and though, from the time of BOOK
the king's coming to Oxford, the king had confidence VI.
enough in hill1, to leave the seal in his custody, and 1643.
he \vould have been glad to have done any service;
yet, by ill fortune, he had dra,vn b so great a disesteem
upon him from ll10st men, that he gave little reputa-
tion to the council, and had little authority in it. c
The duke of Richmond, as he was of the noblest Of the duke
· b . II . d h k ., of Rich-
extractIon, elng nearest a Ie to t e
lng s person mond.
of any man who was not descended from king James;
so he was very,vorthy of all the grace and favour the
king had shewed him; \vho had taken great care of
his education, and sent him into France, Italy, and
Spain, where he was created a grandee of that king-
don); and as soon as he returned, though he was
scarce one and t\\renty years of age, made him a
privy-counsellor; and shortly after, out of his abun-
dant kindness to both families, married him to the
sale daughter of his dead favourite, the duke of
Buckingham; with ,vhom he received twenty thou-
sand pounds in portion; and his majesty's bounty
was like,vise very great to him; so that, as he was
very elninent in his title, he d ,vas at great ease in his
fortune. He was a man of very good parts, and an
excellent understanding; yet, which is no common
infirlnity, so diffident of hin1self, that he was son1e-
tilnes led by men who judged n1u
h worse. He
,vas of a great and haughty spirit, and so punctual
in point of honour, that he never s,verved a tittle.
He had so entire a resignation of himself to the

b )"et, by ill fortune, he had
drawn] his very ill fortune had
drawn
c in it.] JUS. adds: lIe was

exceedingly glad that his friend
the chancellor of the e
chequer
was become a member of it.
d he] so he

540

r If E II 1ST 0 II Y

BOOK kin g , that he abhorred all artifices to shelter himself
VI.
frol1l "the prejudice of those, ,vho, ho,v powerful so-
16-13. ever, failed in their duty to his majesty; and there-
fore he ,vas pursued \vith all imaginable malice by
them, as one that ,vould have no quarter, upon so
infamous terms, as but looking on ,,
hilst his Inaster
,vas ill used. As he had received great bounties
from the king, so he sacrificed all he had to his ser-
vice, as soon as his occasions stood in need of it;
and lent his n1ajesty, at one time, t\venty thousand
pounds together; and, as soon as the \var begun, en-
gaged his three brothers, all gallant gentlemen, in
the service; in \vhich they all lost their lives. Hinl-
self lived, \vith unspotted fidelity, some years after
the murder of his master, and was suffered to put
hiln into his grave; and died, without the con1fort of
seeing the resurrection of the crown.
Of the. The Inarquis of I-Iertford was a l11an of great
marq UlS of h d .I.' d .. h ffi . f
Hertford. onour an lortune, an Interest In tea ectlon 0
the people; and had ahvays undergone hard lneasure
from the court, where he long e received no counte-
nance, and had no design of Inaking advantage from
it. For, though he ,vas a ITIan of very good parts,
and conversant in books, both in the Latin and
Greek languages, and of a clear courage, of ,vhich
he had given frequent evidence; yet he ,vas so
wholly given up to a country life, ,vhere he lived in
splendour, that he had an a\rersion, and even an nll-
aptness, for business: besides his particular friend-
ship ,vith the earl of Essex, ,vhose sis,ter he had
nlarried, his greatest acquaintance and conversation
had been ,,'ith those who had the reputation of being

long] Not in i.'US.

.

OF THE REBELLION.

541

best affected to the liberty of the kingdom, and least BOO K
\'1.
in love with the humour of the court; many of
d ] 643.
whom ,vere the chief of those ,vho engage themselves
most factiously and furiously against the king. But
as soon as he discerned their violent purposes against
the government established, before he suspected
their blacker designs, he severed hi 111 self fron1 them;
and, from the beginning of the parliament, never
concurred ,vith thelu in anyone vote dishonourable
to the king, or in the prosecution of the earl of Straf-
ford. He did accept the government of the prince of
"r ales, as is mentioned before, purely out of obedi-
ence to the king; and, no doubt, it ,vas a great ser-
vice; though for the performance of the office of a
governor, he never thought himself fit, nor meddled
,vith it. fIe left York, as is relnembered, to fornl an
3rlny wr the king in the "rest, where his interest
,vas; but he found those parts so corrupted, and an
arlny from the parliament ,vas poured do\vn so soon
upon hinl, that there was nothing for the present to
be done ,vorthy of his presence; so that he sent the
slnall party, that ,vas ,,,ith hiln, farther 'vest to
Cornwall; where, hy degrees, they grew able to raise
an army, ,,,ith ,vhich they joined \vith hilll after\vards
again; and hÏlnself returned to the king at Oxford,
about the time \\
hen the treaty begun f.
The earl of Southalnpton ,,-as indeed a great man Of the e,ul
. II d b h . of South-
In a respects, an roug t very much reputatIon to ampton.
the king's cause. He was of a nature much inclined
to melancholy, and being horn a younger brother,

f when the treaty begun] VOllr, and with whom he had
Originally in 1118. when the rorresponòed prineipally during
chanccHor of the exchequer was his absence from the cuurt.
made, who was much in his fa-

BOOK
VI.

1643.

542

THE HISTORY

and his father and his elder brother dying upon the
point together, ,,'hilst he was but a boy, he was at
first g llluch troubled to be called 1JlY 10r(l, and ,\'it.h
the noise of attendance; so 111uch he then delighted
to be alone. He had a great spirit; h he had never
had any conversation in the court, nor obligation to
it. On the contrary, he had undergone sonle hard-
ship from it; which made it believed, that he \voltld
have been ready to have taken all occasions of be-
ing i severe towards it. And therefore, in the be-
ginning of the parlialnent, no man was more courted
by the managers of those designs. He had great
dislike of the high courses, which had been taken in
the governillent, and a particular prejudice to the
earl of Strafford, for SOlne exorbitant proceedings.
But, as soon as he saw the \\rays of reverence and
duty towards the king declined, and the prosecution
of the earl of Strafford to exceed the limits of justice,
he opposed them vigorously in all their proceedings.
He was a man of great k sharpness of judgment, a
very quick apprehension, and that readiness of ex-
pression upon any sudden debate, that no man de-
livered hinlself more advantageously and weightily,
and more efficaciously ,vith the hearers; so that no
man gave them more trouble in his opposition, or
drew so lllany to a concurrence with him in opinion.
He had no relation to, or dependence upon, the
court, or purpose to have any; but wholly pursued
the public interest. It ,vas long before he could bp
prevailed ,,,ith to be a counsellor, and longer before

g at first] Not in MS.
h He had a great spirit ;] Yet
be had a great spirit, and ex-
acted the respect that was due

to his quality;
i of being] to ha\'e been
k great] a great

OF THE REBELLION.

543

he \vould be adlnitted to be of the bedchanlber; and BOO K
received both honours the rather, because, after he VI.
had refused to take a protestation, "rhich both houses 1643.
had ordered to be taken by all their members, they
had likewise voted, " that no Ulan should be capable
" of any prefernlent in church or state, who refused
" to take the sanle ;" and he ,vould she,v ho,v ßluch
he contelnned those votes. He went with the king to
York; was lnost solicitous, as hath been said, for the
offer of peace at N ottinghaul ; and ,vas with him I at
Edge-hill; and came and stayed \vith him at Oxford
to the end of the ,var, taking all opportunities to ad-
vance all Inotions to,vards peace; and, as no nlan
was more punctual in performing his own duty, so
no man had lllore melancholy apprehensions of the
issue of the ,var; which is all shall be said of him in
this place, there being frequent occasions to mention
hilU, in the continuance of this discourse m.
The earl of Leicester was a lllan of great parts, Of the earl
. . of Leices-
very conversant In books, and much addIcted to the ter.
mathematics; and though he had been a soldier, and
cOlnmanded a regiment, in the service of the States
of the United Provinces, and was afterwards employed
in several en1bassies,as in Dennlark and in France, was
in truth rather a speculative, than a practical man;
and expected a greater certitude in the consultation
of business, than the business of this \vorld is capable
of: which temper proved very inconvenient to him
through the course of his life. He was, after the
death of the earl of Strafford, by the concurrent

1 wa
with him] was then
with him
m MS. adds: there being al-
ways a fast friendship between

him and the chancellor of the
exchequer, which lasted to his
death.

BOOK
VI.

] 6 13.

Of the earl
of llristol.

54.4

rr I-I.E II I ST 011 Y

kindness and esteen1 both of king and queen, called
from his embassy in France, to be lieutenant of the
kingdol1l of Ireland; and, in a very short time after,
unhappily lost that kindness and esteem: and being,
about the til11e of the king's cOl1ling to Oxford,
ready to elnbark at Chester, for the execution of his
charge, he ,vas required to attend his Inajest.y, for
farther instructions, at Oxford; ",-here he ren1ained;
and though he was of the council, and son1etilnes
present, he desired not to have any part in the busi-
ness; and lay under many reproaches and jealousies,
'\vhich he deserved not: for he was a man of honour,
and fidelity to the king, and his greatest misfortunes
proceeded fron1 the staggering and irresolution in his
nature.
The earl of Bristol ,vas a man of a grave aspect,
of a presence that drew respect, and of long experi-
ence in affairs of great importance. lIe had been,
by the extraordinary favour of king James to his
person (for he \\raS a very handsolne ll1an) and his
parts, which "rere naturally great, and had been im-
proved by good n education at hOlHe and ahroad, sent
ambassador into Spain, before he ,vas thirty years of
age; and after,vards in several other embassies; and
at last, again into Spain; "7 here he treated and con-
cluded the marriage het\\
een the prince of 'Vales
and that infant.a; \vhich ,vas afterwards dissolved.
He ,vas by king James made of the privy -council,
vice-chamberlain of the household, an earl, and a
gentlenlan of the bedchan1ber to the prince, and was
then crushed by the po\ver of the duke of Bucking-
ha.m, and the prejudice the prince himself had con-

n good] a good

O}<' 'rIlE ItEß.EI
LIO
.

tracted against him, during his highness's being in
Spain; upon ,vhich he ,vas inlprisoned upon his re-
turn; and after the duke's death, the king retained
.so strict a lueluory of all that duke'so friendships and
displeasures, that the earl of Bristol could never re-
cover any admission to court P; but lived in the
country, in ease, and l)lenty in his fortune, and in
great reputation ,vith all \vho had not an implicit
reverence for the court; and before, and in the be-
ginni ng of the parJiament, appeared in the head of
all the discontented party; but quickly left thein,
,vhen they entered upon their un,varrantable vio-
lences, and gre,v so n1uch into their disfavour, that
after the king was gone to York, upon some expres-
sions he used in the house of peers in debate, they
comu1itted him to the Tower; fron1 ,vhence being
released, in two or three days, he ll1ade haste to
York to the king; ,,
ho had before restored hin1 to
his place in the council and the hedchalnber. He
was ,vith hÍln at Edge-hill, and canle with hin1 fron1
thence to Oxford; and, at the end of the "rar, ,vent
into France; where he died; that party having so
great an aniluosity against hilu, that they \vou.ld not
suffer hiln to live in England, nor to cOlnpound for
his estate, as they suffered others to do, ,vho had
done thenl n10re hurt. 'fhough he ,vas a n1an of
great parts, and a ,vise nlan, yet he had been for the
most part single, and by hin1self, in business; ,vhich
he l11anaged ,vith good sufficiency; and had lived
little in consort, so that in council he ,vas passionate,
and supercilious, and did not bear contradiction
without lunch passion, and was too voltuninous III

o that duke's] his
YOIH III.

P to court] to the court
Nn

.34:3

BOOK
VI.

1643.

BOOK
VI.

1643.

Of the earl
(If
ew-
castle.

Of the earl
of llerk-
shire, nutJ
others.

546

'rHE IIIS1.'OR Y

discourse; so that. he \vas not considered thpre
,vith nluch respect; to the lessening whereof no
lllan contributed nlore than his son, the lord
Digby; \vho shortly after came to sit there as se-
cretary of state, and had not that reverence for
his father's wisdom, \vhich his great experience
deserved, though he failed not in his piety towards
hinl.
The earl of N e\vcastle was a person ,veIl bred, and
of a full and plentiful fortune; and had been chosen
by the king to be governor to the prince of 'Vales,
and made of the council, and resigned that office of
governor to the marquis of Hertford, for th
reasons
\vhich have been mentioned. He \vas not at Oxford,
but remained at N e,vcastle, with the king's COl1lnlis-
sion to be general of those parts; being a man of
great courage, and signal fidelity to the crown, of
,vhom there ,vill be lTIOre occasion hereafter to en-
large.
The earl of Berkshire ,vas of the council, but not
yet at Oxford; having been, about or before the
setting up of the standard, taken prisoner in Oxford-
shire, and cOl1lmitted to thé To\ver, upon an irna-
gination that he had some purpose to have executed
the commission of array in that county; but they
after\vards set him at liberty, as a man that could
do theln no harnl any \vhere; and then he caIne to
Oxford, with the title and pretences of a man, who
had been imprisoned for the king, and thereby
merited more than his nlajesty had to give. His
affection for the cro,vn ,vas good, hut his interest
little. q

q but his interest little.] Thus tion less than any thing but his
ill MS. : his interest and reputa- understanding.

OF 'rHl
H.EBELLION.

547

The lord DUnS1110re r had heen made a privy-
counsellor, after so Inany, who had deserved worse,
had been called thither; and was ready to do what-
ever he ,vas directed: he was a man of a rough and
tempestuous nature, violent in pursuing \vhat he
wished, withont judgnlent, or temper to know the
way of bringing it to pass; ho,vever, he had some
kind of power ,vith fro,vard and discontented men;
at least he had credit to make them lTIOre in-
disposed. But his greatest reputation was, that the
earl of Southaillpton D1arried his daughter, a s beau-
tiful and a \\Torthy lady.
The lord Seymour, being brother to the 111arquis
of Hertford, was a Dlan of interest and reputation;
he had been always very popular in the country;
where he had lived t out of the grace of the court;
and his parts and judgnlent \vere best in those
things which concerned the good husbandry, and
the common adn1inistration of justice to the people.
In the beginning of the parliament, he served as
knight of the shire for "Tiltshire, where he resided u;
and behaving himself with less violence in the house
of con1mons, than many of his old friends did, and
having a great friendship for the earl of Strafford,
he was, by his interposition, called to the house of
peers; where he carried himself very ,veIl in all
things relating to the crown; and ,vhen the king

r The lord Dunsmore] Thus in
MS.: The lord Dunsmore had
been made a privy-counsellor,
after so many, who had deserved
worse, had been called thither,
to make an atonement; which

failing, he could not be refused
who was ready to do whatcver
he was directed:
8 a] who was a
t lived] always lived
u resided] 1i\.ed
Nn2

BOOK
VI.

] 643.

nOOK
VI.

IG43.

5
8

1'III
IIISTOR Y

went to York, he left the parlialnent, and follo\\- ed
his Inajesty, and relnained firm in his fidelity.
The lord Savile was like,,,,ise of the council, being
first controller, and then treasurer of the household.
in reCOll1pense of his discovery of all the treasons and
conspiracies, after they had taken effect, and could
not he punished. He ,vas a man of an ambitious and
restless nature; of parts and ,vit enough; but, in his
disposition, and inclination, so false, that he could
never be helieved, or depended upon. His particular
malice to the earl of Strafford, which he had sucked
in ,vith his Inilk, (there having always been an ÏIn-
mortal feud between the falnilies; ano the earl had
shre\vdly overborne his father,) had engaged hinl
with all persons ,vho \vere willing, and like to he
able, to do him Inischief. And so, having opportu-
nity, ,,-hen the king ,vas at the 13erks, and n1ade the
first unhappy pacification, to enter into conversation,
and acquaintance, ,vith those ,vho were then em-
ployed as coul1nissioners fron1 the Scots, there was a
secret intelligence entered into between theln from
that tilne; and he \vas a principal iustruI11ent to en-
gage that nation to In arch into England \vith an
a1'n1Y; which they did the next year after. To
,vhich purpose, he sent theln a letter, signed with
the names of several of the English nobility, inviting
thell1 to enter the kingdoln, and making great pro-
mises of assistance; 'v hich names ,vere forged by
himself, ,vithout the privity of those who \vere
named. And ,,,hen all this l11ischief ,vas brought to
}1aSS, and he found his credit in the parliament not
so great as other filen's, he insinuated hilnsclf into
credit \vith somebody, who brought hinl to the king

OF '"fl-IE REllELI.A ION. 549

or queen, to whom he confessed all he had done to
bring in the Scots, and \vho had conspired with hinl,
and all the secrets he knew, \vith a thousand pro-
testations "to repair all by future loyalty and ser-
" vice;" for \vhich he ,vas pronlised a ,vhite staff,
which the king had then resolved to take from sir
Henry ,r ane, \"ho held it \vith the secretary's office;
\vhich he had accordingly; though all his discovery
was of no other use, than that the king kne\v many
had been false, "rhonl he could not punish; and
SOlne, \v horn he could not suspect. "Then the king
came to \T ork, ,,,here this lord's fortune and interest
lay, his reputation was so lo\v, that the gentlemen
of interest, who wished ,veIl to the king's service,
,vould not cOlnnlunicate with hinl; and, after the
king's remove from thence, the earl of N e,vcastle
found cause to have such a jealousy of hinl, that he
thought it necessary to imprison him; and after-
\vards sent hil11 to Oxford; ,vhere he so ,veIl purged
himself, that he was again restored to his office. But
in the end he behaved himself so ill, that the king
put him again out of his place, and conllnitted him
to prison, and never after adlnitted hÎ)n to his pre-
sence; nor \vould any man of quality ever after keep
any correspondence with him.
Of the lord Falkland, and sir John Colepepper,
there hath been so 111uch said before, that there is no
occasion to add to it in this place. There will be
reason too soon to lalnent the unhappy death of the
fornler; and the latter, who never failed in his fi-
delity, \viU be very often mentioned throughout the
ensuing discourse.
Secretary Nicholas ,vas a very honest and indus-
trious man, and al\vays versed in business; \vhich
K n
j

HOOK
VI.

I G43.

BOOK
VI.

1643,

550

'l-'HE HISTORY

fc,v of the others were, or had been. After sonle
titHe spent in the university of Oxford, and then in
the l\liddle Ternple, he lived SOl1le years x in France;
and ,vas after\vards Y secretary to the lord Zouch,
,vho ,vas a privy-counsellor, and ,varden of the
cinque ports; and thereby he understood all that
jurisdiction, \vhich is very great, and exclusive to
the admira1. And ,vhen that lord, many rears after,
surrendered that office to the king, 'to the end that
it lnight be conferred upon the duke of Buckinghanl,
his secretary ,vas like,vise preferred with the office;
and so, in a short time, Lecalne secretary of the ad-
nliralty, as ,veIl as of the cinque ports; and ,vas en-
tirely trusted, and csteenled by that great favourite.
After his death, he continued in the sanle place,
,vhilst the office ,vas in cOlnnlission, and \\raS then
Inade clerk of the council, froln ,v hence the king
called hinl to he secretary of state, after secretary
\Vindebank fled the kingdoJ1l; upon his majesty's
o,vn Z observation of his virtue and fidelity, and
,vithout any other recomlnendation: and he \vas in
truth, throughout his \\?hole life, a person of very
good reputation, and of singular integrity.
There relnain only t\VO of the council then at Ox-
ford, who are not yet nanIed, sir John Banks, ,vho
had been attorney general, and ,vas then chief jus-
tice of the COl1lll1on pleas, a grave and a learned man
in the profession of the la\\r; and sir Peter \Vy.ch,
,vho had heen aUIbassador at Constantinople; from
\vhence he returned very little before the troubles,
and gratified sir Thonlas Jermyn very liberally for
his \v hite staft
\V hen the court ,vas very lo\v, and so

x some years] a year or there-
abouts

y afterwards] then
Z his majesty's own] his own

OF THE REBELLION.

551

,vas n1ade a privy-counsellor, and controller of the BOO K
household. He \vas a very honest, plain man; and VI.
died very shortly after the treaty, and ,vas succeeded 1643.
by sir Christopher Hatton, a person of great reputa-
tion at that tilne, ,vhich in few years he found a
way to diIninish. a
Of those who ,vere of the king's council b, and Of those of
. . the privy-
\vho stayed and acted \vlth the parlIament, the earl counsellors
of Northumberland ll1ay well be reckoned the chief, :

) st

:ed
in respect of the antiquity and splendour of his fa- parliament.
. Of the earl
111lly, his great fortune and estate, and the general of :Korth-
· h h d h d h . umberJand.
reputatIon e a alnong t e gre
test men, an IS

a to diminish.] utterly to lose. ford and Reading, and some
h Of those who were of the miles on the other side to Ban-
king's council] These characters bury, and the town of New-
are thus introduced in lWS. B.: castle in the north, and Penden-
This was the state of the king-'s nis in the west of Cornwall;
council at Oxford when l\Ir. but in sonle n10nths after, they
Hyde was made chancellor of were extended as far as Chester
the exchequer; and amongst upon the Severn; and the earl of
them there were not lnany who Newcastle reduced all to York,
had been acquainted with the and drove all who professed for
transaction of business, at least the parliament into Hull; and
with business of that kind which sir Ralph Hopton) with the as-
they were then to be incumbent sistance of sir Nicholas Slan-
to;" and frOlu the first entrance ning, Arundel, and Trevannion

into the war, the soldiers did all Inade themselves masters of
they could to lessen the rere- Cornwall, and afterwards ad-
rence that was due to them, vanced farther towards a con-
thinking thcnlsehres the best junction with the king.
judges of all counsels and de- And here it will not be amiss
signs, because they were for the to look back, and take a view of
most part to execute them: but those persons who were of the
they neither designed well nor king's council, and had deserted
executed, and it may be execut- his service, and stayed in the
ed the worse, because they had parliament to supIJort the rebel-
too great a power in the òesign- lion; and of the parliament's
ing; the king himself too much strength and power at that time
inclining to them, out of too little in and over the kingdom. The
esteem of many of his counsel- earl of Northumberland Inay
lors. At that time the killg's well be reckoned the chief of
quarters were ouly between Ox- them, &c.
Nn4

nOOK
VI.

1643.

5ð2

'rI-IE 111 srrOR Y

great interest, by being high adnliral of England.
rrhough he ,vas of a family, that had lain under fre-
quent blelnishes of ,vant of fidelity to the cro\\rn,
and his father had been long a prisoner in the
To,,
er, under sonle suspicion of having C sonle kno,v-
ledge of the gunpo",
der treason; and after he ,vas
set at liberty, by the Inediation and credit of the earl
of Carlisle, ,vho hàd, without and against his con-
sent, married his daughter, he continued, to his
tleath, under such a restraint, that he had not liberty
to live and reside upon his northern estate: yet this
lord's d father was no sooner dead, than the king
poured out his favours upon hitn in a ,,'"onderful
l11easure: he begun e ,vith conferring the orùer of
the garter upon him, and shortly after Inade hiln of
his privy-council; "Then a great fleet of ships ,,-as
prepared, by ,,'"hich the king meant that his neigh-
bour princes should discern, that he intended f to
nlaintain and preserve his sovereignty at sea, he
sent the earl of Northumberland adlniral of that
fleet, a much greater than the crown had put to sea
since the death of queen Elizabeth, that he n1Íght
breed him for that service, before he gave hinl a
lnore absolute command. And after he had, in that
capacity, exercised hinl
elf a year or t\VO, the king g
made him lord high adnliral of England; which ,vas
such a quick succession of bounties and favours, as
had rarely befallen any man, \v ho had not been at-
tended ,yith the envy of a favourite. He \vas, in all
his deportnlent, a very great man, and that which

C under some suspicion of
having] under no less a suspi-
cion than of having
cl tlJi., lord's] hi

e begun] began
f intended] meant
g the king] he

OF rrHE REBELLION.

553

looked like formalit y , was a P unctuality in preserv- BOO K
VI.
ing his dignity from the invasion and intrusion of
bold men, ,vhich no l1lan of that age so ,yell pre- 164:
.
served hin1self froln. Though his notions \vere not
large or deep, yet his temper, and reservedness in
discourse, and his reservedness h in speaking, got
him the reputation of an able and a \vise nlan;
\vhich he Inade evident in the excellent government
of his fan1ily, ,vhere no Ulan ,vas lTIOre absolutely
obeyed; and no luan had ever fe\ver idle \vords to
ans\ver for; and in debates of Ï1nportance, he al-
ways expressed himself very pertinently. If he had
thought the king as much above hinl, as he thought
hilnself above other considerable Inen, he \vould have
been a good subject; but the extreme undervaluing
those, and not enough valuing the king, made him
liable to the impressions, ,vhich they \vho approached
him by those addresses of reverence and esteem,
that i usually insinuate k into such natures, made in
hin1. So that I after he \vas first prevailed upon, not
to do that "rhich in honour and gratitude he was
obliged to, (\vhich is a very pestilent corruption,) he
was, \vith the more facility, led to concur in \vhat,
in duty and fidelity, he ought not to have done, and
which at first he never intended to have done. And
so he concurred in all the counsels which produced
the rebellion, and stayed \vith them to support it;
which is as nluch as is necessary to say of hÎ1n in this
place, since there will be often occasion hereafter to
mention him, with some enlargement.
rrhe earl of Pelnbroke hath been enou g h men- Of the earl
of Pem-
broke.

h reservedness] unrashness
I that] which
k insinuate] insinuate them-

sel vcs
J So that] \ nd ';(\

BOOK
VI.

1643.

55

TIlE HIS
rORY

tioned in a better conjuncture of tÍlne, \vhen his vir-
tues \vere thought greater than they \vere, and his
vices very little discerned. Yet, by \vhat \vas then
said, his nature and his parts Inight be well enough
understood; and as neither the one nor the other
,,-ere il11}Jroveable, so they were liable to be cor-
rupted by any assaults; his understanding being
easy to be Í1l1}Josed upon, and his nature being nlade
up of very strong passions. \Vhilst there was tran-
quillity in the kingdol11, he enjoyed his full share in
p0111p and greatness; the iargeness and plentifulness
of his fortune being attended with re\'"erence and
dependence frolll the people where his estate and in-
terest lay, and \vhere indeed he was a great nlan;
getti