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MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY TN CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 073 959 904 24 DATE DUE a See Po aeme ae ea Pee Rel i eee GAYLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A ; suit! ee. ih a ve no a i, ‘ ( Weal Mahi meh, Lie soe i the fee AAO Liha ede i ft Be ct Cae | 4 a line ke UE fe Warn ome Mes Me r \ i ( ee || Lay | ( j ‘ ‘ { ‘ a, F j - : 7 ; : rt ‘ y i 4a ev 7 1 Fae ae Li 94) \ j j \ i) j | { ' s ‘ i@ J \ ‘ Pool i ' r? ‘ ! i t ths , el, * Pale aan * + 1 taesd, © < Pee an ata 1, wate seh ae 2 raat Shiny Mie * ea Sah N Circinella lac ymispora sp. 0 A.New Specie armelia (Lick May ee ag Oey Calvatia complutensi - Notes on Hyphomycetes on the Genus Notes on Hyphomyce ‘Ritesh Lichenostigma elongata | Cercosporoid Fungi from South A Contribution to the Knowledge of Wood from Maraca Island, Roraima State ok ‘ Published quarterly by MYCOT For subscription details and availability of a / ag [Contents continued from front cover] 4c Wy Truffle-Like Fungi from South America: Hysterangium sensu lato. | Michael A. Castellano and J. J. Muchovej Fungi from Palms. XXIV. The Genus Bondiella ............... Kevin D. Hyde Fungi from Palms XXV. Pestalosphaeria elaeidis ............... Kevin D. Hyde Paulia caespitosa sp. nov. and P. wrightii comb. nov. (Lichinaceae, Ascomycotina). Mauro Tretiach and Aino Henssen Species of Ascomycota forming Ectomycorrhizae. Leonor C. Maia, Adriana M. Yano and James W. Kimbrough Alternaria Themes and Variations (145-149) ............... Emory G. Simmons New and Interesting Species of Lactarius from Mexico Including Scanning Electron Microscope Observations. Leticia Montoya, Victor M. Bandala and Gaston Guzman Additional New Records on Lactarius from Mexico. Leticia Montoya and Victor M. Bandala Notes on Conidial Fungi. III. An Interesting Species of Polyschema from Cuba. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. IV. Hyalopleiochaeta anam. gen. nov. and Some Notes GULP LOCdeli.. a. 2M eee R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. V. Two New Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Cuba. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Endophytic Isolates of Creosphaeria sassafras . Gerald F. Bills and Fernando Peldez A New Species of Lachnum on Spartina alterniflora. Sharon A. Cantrell, Richard T. Hanlin, and Steven Y. Newell SOOM ON IE WE 1 lar 5.) 414i cele, Creer a © BEA rddae te ee eee, ee Ae Ber ae D. S. Hibbett Ingex tO LPuneous dng LACNCH 1 axaGr ine. tun). a eave Cle mk Gpen totes ce ee Suan OIE WOE as ch or see heey os, Bhs cen verte Ane Wee a ce ale as cms Semen ete at © Mycotaxon, Ltd., 1996 ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY MAR 1 4 1996 ITHACA, NY, 14853 MYCOTAXON AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY _& NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI, INCLUDING LICHENS VOLUME LVII, 1996 COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME CONSISTING OF iv + 524 PAGES INCLUDING FIGURES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jean Boise Cargill Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138-2094, USA ASSOCIATE EDITORS David S. Hibbett Book Review Editor Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138-2094, USA Grégoire L. Hennebert French Language Editor Laboratoire de Mycologie systématique et appliquée Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Robert Dirig Index Editor Bailey Hortorium, Mann Library Building Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD AMY Y. ROSSMAN, Beltsville, Maryland (1990-95, Chw.) GR’EGOIRE L. HENNEBERT, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (1990-96) JAMES W. KIMBROUGH, Gainesville, Florida (1992-97) JACK D. ROGERS, Pullman, Washington (1993-98) OVE ERIKSSON, Umea, Sweden (1994-99) RONALD H. PETERSEN, Knoxville, Tennessee (1995-2000) Published by MYCOTAXON, LTD.P.O.BOX 264 ITHACA, NY 14851-0264, USA Printed in the United States of America © Mycotaxon, Ltd., 1996 Table of Contents, Volume Fifty-Seven January-March 1996 Check-List of Fungi from French Guiana... R. Courtecuisse, G. J. Samuels, M. Hoff, A. Y. Rossman, G. Cremers, S. M. Huhndorf and S. L. Stephenson Four New Species and Some New Records of Meliolaceous Fungi from Kenya. R. K. Mibey, J. O. Kokwaro and D. N. Mukunya The Genus Phaeocollybia in South East Australia. Bettye J. Rees and A. E. Wood Four New Species of Corticioid Fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) from ATSCHNUAD ak atne ceamtae aegis ate Nils Hallenberg and Kurt Hjortstam Index of Fungi Described from the Pandanaceae. E. H. C. McKenzie and K. D. Hyde Circinella lacrymispora sp. nov. A New Mucoral Isolated from Argentine Soils. A. M. Arambarri and M., N. Cabello A New Species of Parmelia (Lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Antarctic. Dag O. Ovstedal, John A. Elix and Ronald I. Lewis Smith Calvatia complutensis sp. nov. (Lycoperdaceae, Gasteromycetes) from Spain. G. Moreno, H. Kreisel and A. Altés Badhamia melanospora Speg. a Species Wrongly Described. Castillo A., C. Ilana and G. Moreno A New Inocybe (Cortinariaceae) from Kerala State, India. K. B. Vrinda, C. K. Pradeep, A. Vijaya Joseph and T. K. Abraham Lactarius mediterraneensis, anew species from the Mediterranean Region. J. Llistosella and F. Bella Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXIX. Concerning Sporidesmium maclurae and its synonym Cercospora maclurae, the Causal Organism of Leaf-Blotch of Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera), Reclassified in Pseudocercospora. Gareth Morgan-Jones and Ryan A. Phelps Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXX. A New of Melanographium from India, with Comments on the Genus. Neeraj Srivastava and Gareth Morgan-Jones Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXXI. New Species of Stenella, Stenellopsis, and Tretospora from Nepal. Ritesh K. Chaudhary, Sanjay K. Singh and Gareth Morgan-Jones Lichenostigma elongata spec. nov. (Dothideales), a Lichenicolous Ascomycete on Libothallia and Aspicilia Species. P. Navarro-Rosinés and J. Hafellner Coumarins Distribution in Four Truffle Species. Bruno Tirillini and Anna Maria Stoppini Cercosporoid Fungi from South Africa ......... P. W. Crous and U. Braun Contribution to the Knowledge of Wood-Rotting Fungi in Brazil. II. Checklist of Fungi from Maraca Island, Roraima State ...... Maria Aparecida de Jesus Truffle-Like Fungi from South America: Hysterangium sensu lato. Michael A. Castellano and J. J. Muchovej Fungi from Palms. XXIV. The Genus Bondiella............ Kevin D. Hyde Fungi from Palms XXV. Pestalosphaeria elaeidis............ Kevin D. Hyde Paulia caespitosa sp. nov. and P. wrightii comb. nov. (Lichinaceae, Ascomycotina). Mauro Tretiach and Aino Henssen Species of Ascomycota forming Ectomycorrhizae. ; Leonor C. Maia, Adriana M. Yano and James W. Kimbrough Alternaria Themes and Variations (145-149)............ Emory G. Simmons New and Interesting Species of Lactarius from Mexico Including Scanning Electron Microscope Observations. Leticia Montoya, Victor M. Bandala and Gast6én Guzman iil 117 125 145 tS) 155 163 eA 175 187 195 201 on Zo 233 323 aye) 347 353 359 OT) 391 411 iv Additional New Records on Lactarius from Mexico. Leticia Montoya and Victor M. Bandala Notes on Conidial Fungi. If]. An Interesting Species of Polyschema from Cuba. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. IV. Hyalopleiochaeta anam. gen. nov. and Some Notes on Plziochaeta: ....) 86 a. R. F. Castaneda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. V. Two New Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Cuba. R. F. Castafeda Ruiz, J. Guarro and J. Cano Endophytic Isolates of Creosphaeria sassafras . Gerald F. Bills and Fernando Pelaez A New Species of Lachnum on Spartina alterniflora. Sharon A. Cantrell, Richard T. Hanlin, and Steven Y. Newell BOOK* REVIEWSan ties ere os cas tee 8 eee ee Era teenie D. S. Hibbett Author linda xicey ce3. Sib uh ce tel ece ete Ronee PCM aren get cd oto) Se a ence Indexitosungous and: Lichen axa dem ere cn ice oo eree ns ar ee ere ee REVIC WETS FoR isks ed eked «An Ae. sae Ie OREO Votan tho) Kat (opr bie a ohn ae eee See Publications: Date. Volume S64. oo eee re artes hse dec ce nara hae iene a ee MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 1-85 January-March 1996 CHECK-LIST OF FUNGI FROM FRENCH GUIANA "Studies in the Flora of the Guianas n° 80" R. Courtecuisse (1), G.J. Samuels (2), M. Hoff (3), A.Y. Rossman (2), G. Cremers (4), S.M.Huhndorf (5) & S.L.Stephenson (6) (1) Dépt. Botanique, Fac. Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, BP 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex (2) USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, Rm.304, B-011A, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Md.20705, USA (3) ORSTOM;; 21, rue d'Ottrot; F-67200 Strasbourg (4) Herbier du Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne, BP 165, F-97323 Cayenne cedex (5) Dept. of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Il.60605-2496, USA (6) Fairmont State College, Biology, Fairmont, West Virginia 26554 USA Abstract: A preliminary list of the fungi known from French Guiana is presented. The list is drawn from herbarium specimens and from literature citations. 625 taxa are listed with herbarium references, collecting and some bibliographic information. Two new combinations are introduced : Galerina pectinata (Saccardo) Courtec. and Cotylidia spectabilis (Léveillé) Courtec. Résumé: Les auteurs présentent une liste préliminaire des champignons connus en Guyane frangaise. Le matériel d'herbier et les données de la littérature ont été examinés. 625 taxa sont énumérés, avec indications completes sur les échantillons dherbier, les lieux de récolte et des informations bibliographiques. Deux combi- naisons nouvelles sont introduites : Galerina pectinata (Saccardo) Courtec. et Cotylidia spectabilis (Léveillé) Courtec. Table of contents : Introduction 2 Enumeration of the taxa : 3 A - Myxomycetes 3 B - Deuteromycota (Fungi Imperfecti) f; C - Ascomycotina (‘Ascomycetes’) o Cl - Loculoascomycetideae 9 C2 - Pyrenomycetideae 16 C3 - Pezizomycetideae ('Discomycetes') 40 C3a - Inoperculate Discomycetes 40 C3b - Operculate Discomycetes 42 D - Basidiomycotina (‘Basidiomycetes’) 43 D1 - Phragmobasidiomycetes and other 'Heterobasidiomycetes' 43 D2 - Homobasidiomycetes 45 D2a - Aphyllophoromycetideae ('‘Aphyllophorales's.1.) 45 D2b - Agaricomycetideae ('Agaricales' s.1.) 54 D2c - Gasteromycetideae ('Gasteromycetes') 64 E - Incertae sedis 66 Doubtful species, 67 2 Index of generic names 69 Epithetons index es Acknowledgments 81 Bibliography 81 INTRODUCTION The Guianas (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname) area among the most poorly collected countries for fungi in the Neotropics. Historically, the Guianas are of importance because some of the oldest mycological names are based upon guianese collections. Berkeley and Curtis (1853) reported on a small collection of fungi from Suriname, while the first major mycological work done for South America was Montagne's (1855) enumeration of the collections by Leprieur made in what is now French Guiana. Stevens (1918) described leaf- inhabiting ascomycetes and fungi imperfecti chiefly from British Guiana (now Guyana). No local mycologists are active in any of the Guianas today and there has not been dedicated mycological field work done in the Guianas between the years 1918 and 1985. Prior to 1985, myclogical collecting in the Guianas has been primarily undertaken by non mycologists who collected fungi incidentally or as an avocation. The phanaerogamic botanist Bassett Maguire, who was active between 1944 and 1983, collected many fungi in Guyana and Suriname. These collections were enumerated by Rogerson et al. (1990). The French chemist H. Jacquemin collected as a hobby in the Saiil area of French Guiana in the late 1970's and early 1980's. His 250 collections, which are preserved in the ORSTOM herbarium at Cayenne (CAY), have not been critically examined nor cited in the literature. Professional mycologists have made extensive collections in the Guianas since 1985. G.J. Samuels and J.R. Boise collected approximately 2,000 specimens of all groups of fungi in French Guiana in 1986, and in 1987 and 1989 Samuels collected approximately 1,500 specimens in French Guiana and Guyana. These collections are deposited at the New York Botanical Garden (NY), with duplicates at CAY and the herbarium of the University of Guyana in Georgetown (BRG), respectively. A.Y. Rossman collected approximately 500 specimens of all groups of fungi in the Saiil area in 1986; her collections are deposited at the United States National Fungus Collections (BPI) with duplicates at CAY; aagarics identified by D.N. Pegler have been retained in part at K. R. Courtecuisse made about 700 collections in the Nouragues-Arataye area of French Guiana in 1988. These specimens are deposited in the University of Lille herbarium, with duplicates of the published collections at PC. S.M. Huhndorf collected approximately 400 specimens of all groups of fungi in the Saiil area in 1994. Her collections are deposited at NY with duplicates at the Field Museum (F). Several publications have resulted in whole or in part from recent collecting efforts. These include: Boise 1987, Brayford & Samuels 1993, Courtecuisse 1989, 1991, Courtecuisse & Buyck 1991, Courtecuisse & Lowy 1990, Huhndorf 1993, Hyde 1988, 1992, Rogers & Samuels 1987a, Rogerson & Samuels 1989, 1992, Samuels 1989a, Samuels & Nirenberg 1989, Samuels & Rogerson 1989, Samuels & Seifert 1991, Samuels & al. 1991. In the current work, we present a list of the fungi from French Guiana that have been determined thus far. We also call attention to the great number of recent collections of all groups of fungi collected in the area and deposited at BPI, CAY, NY and Lille University 3 Herbarium, that are available for study. The authors will be pleased to provide lists of specimens, broken down by group (e.g. polypores, ‘jelly fungi’). Of the approximatively 4,000 collections that have been deposited from French Guiana, about 1,000 have been identified to the species level. The identified collections include 625 taxa in 274 genera. The following list does not include lichenized fungi. Several publications about lichens have been based on guianese lichens, chiefly the lichens of Guyana. For refe- rences to the lichens of the Guianas, see Sipman & Aptroot (1992) ; see also Rogerson & al. (1990) for a list of fungi and lichens of the Guayana Highland, including records from Guyana, Surinam and Venezuela. In the following list, species are listed alphabetically within the families in the following major groups : Myxomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, Ascomycetes, Basidio- mycetes and incertae sedis. For each taxon, the list of examined specimens is included indicating the collector's name, herbarium number, determinator's name, and the year of determination, collecting locality. The locality is indicated, where possible, in two parts. The first one represents the exact place (mention 'same loc.' indicates that it is the same than for preceeding specimen), the second the geographical area (with eventually 'same area’ if identical with the preceeding collection). Records of species known only from the literature are indicated by * before the fungus’ name, and the reference is given. Senior author of this paper will welcome any addition concerning mycology in French Guiana, in taxonomical section and in bibliography as well. Furthermore, supplements to this first list are expected in a near future, lots of collections being under current processing. ENUMERATION OF THE TAXA A-MYXOMYCETES CERATIOMYXACEAE Ceratiomyxa Schroeter Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Miiller)McBride -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.249 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.277 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : same loc. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2841 [Farr M.L. 1987] : Montagne de Kaw. -Rossman A.Y. 3335 [Farr M.L.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne - Trail to Vi- dal old farm. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2693a [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saitil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5846 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Roche Koutou - Marouini river high basin. Ceratiomyxa sphaerosperma Boedijn Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2952 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3406 [Stephenson S.L. 1994] : same loc. CRIBRARIACEAE Cribraria Persoon Cribraria costata Dhillon & Nannenga-Bremekamp -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.392 [Meyer M. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Ap- prouague basin. 4 Cribraria microcarpa (Schrader)Persoon Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6108 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5637 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - same area. Dictydium Schrader Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch)Mcbride Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6074 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. DIDYMIACEAE Didymium Schrader Didymium iridis (Ditmar)Fries -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3014 [Farr M.L. 1987] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. PHYSARACEAE Craterium Trent. Craterium leucocephalum (Persoon)Ditmar Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3226 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Bourg de Sail - Satil area. Craterium paraguayense (Spegazzini)G.Lister Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3134 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Bourg de Saitil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5848 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ro- che Koutou - Marouini river high basin. Fuligo Haller *Fuligo septica (Linné)Wiggers - Leprieur 849 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Aethalium) ; Farr 1976:111 Physarella Peck Physarella oblonga (Berkeley & Curtis)Morgan Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5971 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini river high basin. Physarum Persoon *Physarum bivalve Persoon -cited in Farr 1976:125 Physarum bogoriense Raciborski -Samuels G.J. 3557 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Montagne boeuf mort - Saiil area. Physarum compressum Albertini & Schweinitz -Samuels G.J. 3420 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. Physarum globuliferum (Bulliard)Persoon -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3369 [Stephenson S.L. 1994] : Toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. Physarum javanicum Raciborski Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3071 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Physarum nucleatum Rex Samuels G.J. 3939 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. 4003 [Ste- phenson S.L. 1992] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4117 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Physarum nutans Persoon 5 Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3370 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Bourg de Saitil - Satil area. Physarum penetrale Rex Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5944 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini river high basin. Physarum stellatum (Massee)Martin Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6047 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. Physarum viride (Bulliard)Persoon -Samuels G.J. 3881 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5972 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini river high basin. RETICULARIACEAE Lycogala Adanson Lycogala epidendron (Linné)Fries Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5902 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ro- che Koutou - Marouini river high basin. Lycogala exiguum Morgan Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4095 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Tubifera J.F. Gmelin Tubifera bombarda (Berkeley & Broome)Martin Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4464 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. *Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) J.F.Gmelin -cited in Farr 1976:31 Tubifera microsperma (Berkeley & Curtis)Martin -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3138 [Farr M.L.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. STEMONITACEAE Comatricha Preuss Comatricha longa Peck -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4427 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5786 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Roche Kou- tou - Marouini river high basin. Comatricha nigra (Persoon)Schroeter -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2693 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Satil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5755 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Comatricha typhoides (Bulliard)Rostafinski -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4320 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. Stemonitis Roth Stemonitis fusca Roth Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5635 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini river high basin. Stemonitis pallida Wingate in Mcbride 6 Samuels G.J. 3882 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4094 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Stemonitis splendens Rostafinski -Samuels G.J. 3471 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6046 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. TRICHIACEAE Arcyria Wiggers Arcyria cinerea (Bulliard)Persoon -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4466 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4557 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne Cacao - Comté River basin. -Sa- muels G.J. 3502 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3883 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3976 [Farr M.L. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2517 [Farr M.L. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5636 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River High basin. -Samuels G.J,, Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5755 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5945 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : same loc. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4093 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4161 [Farr M.L. 1990] : same loc. Arcyria denudata (Linné)Wettstein -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.426 [Meyer M. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3060 [Farr M.L. 1987] : Crique Limonade - Saiil area. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4468 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3884 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Piste de Saint- Elie. -Samuels G.J. 4040 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4343 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Gran- ville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5847 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Roche Koutou - Maroui- - ni River High basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6044 [Ste- phenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - same area. Arcyria insignis Kalchbrenner & Cooke -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2806 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Satil - Satil area. Hemitrichia Rostafinski Hemitrichia calyculata (Spegazzini)M.L. Farr -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.020 [Meyer M. 1991] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.613 [Meyer M. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. -Samuels G.J. 3546 [Farr M.L. 1990] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4162 [Farr M.L. 1990] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & all. 6045 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. Hemitrichia serpula (Scopoli)Rostafinski Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4467 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4272 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Trichia Haller Trichia favoginea (Batsch)Persoon 4 Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6094 [Stephenson S.L. 1992] : Monpé Soula - Marouini river high basin. B - DEUTEROMYCOTA Acrodictys M.B.Ellis Acrodictys bambusicola M.B.Ellis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2823 [Samuels G.J.] : Macouria - Piste Saut Leodate. Acrostroma Seifert Acrostroma annellosynnema Seifert -see Batistia annulipes (teleomorph) Arthridium Kunze Arthridium arundinarius -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3107 [Rossman A.Y.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne - Trail to Vidal old farm. Chaetopsina Rambelli Chaetopsina polyblastiae G.J.Samuels -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3231 [Samuels G.J., Seifert K.A.] : Montagne Tortue - Route de Belizon. Chaetospermum Saccardo Chaetospermum elasticae Koorders -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. [Nag Raj T.D.] : Cayenne - Rémiré. Cylindrocarpon Cylindrocarpon septosporum Samuels & Brayford -see Nectria septospora (teleomorph) Cytosphaera Diedicke Cytosphaera mangiferae Diedicke -Rossman A.Y. 4064 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Piste Balaté - 12 km from Saint-Laurent-du- Maroni. ' Fusarium Link Fusarium setosum Samuels & Nirenberg -see Nectria setofusariae (teleomorph) Gibellula Cavara Gibellula pulchra (Saccardo)Cavara -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2806 [Seifert K.A.] : Macouria - Road from Tonate to Montsinery. Gliocladium Corda Gliocladium polyporicola (Hennings)Seifert -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3225 [Seifert K.A.] : Montagne Tortue - Route de Bell- zon. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3231 [Samuels G.J., Seifert K.A.] : same loc. Gliocladium sp. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3206 [Seifert K.A.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne - Trail to Vidal old farm. Harpographium Saccardo Harpographium sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3085 [Seifert K.A.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Ma- roni - Piste de Paul Isnard. Hymenostilbe Petch Hymenostilbe sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4016 [Seifert K.A.] : Saint-Laurent du Maro- ni - Road to Javouhey. Hymenostilbe sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3026 [Seifert K.A.] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Sail area. Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everhart Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Patouillard)Gnffith & Maublanc -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3052 [Samuels G.J.] : Trail to Crique Limo- nade - Saiil area. Melanographium Saccardo Melanographium cookei M.B.Ellis -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3121 [Seifert K.A.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. Myrothecium Tode Myrothecium sp. -see Nectria pityrodes (teleomorph) Nodulisporium Preuss Nodulisporium ? acervatum (Massee)Deighton -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3192 [Seifert K.A.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. Nodulisporium gregarium (Berkeley & Curtis)J.Meyer -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3191 [Seifert K.A.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. Penicillifer Van Emden Penicillifer bipapillatus Samuels -see Nectria alata (teleomorph) Penicillifer microsporus Samuels -see Nectria penicilliferi (teleomorph) Penicillium Link Penicillium sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2975 [Seifert K.A.] : Beginning of Mont Galbao Trail - Saiil area. Pestalotia de Notaris Pestalotia guepinii Desmaziéres -Kennelty R. [Watson A.J.] : ? Sarcopodium Ehrenberg Sarcopodium sp. -see Nectria flavolanata (teleomorph) Sesquicillium W. Gams Sesquicillium impariphiale Samuels Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Spegazzinia Saccardo Spegazzinia deightonii (S.J. Hughes)Subramanian 9 -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3075 [Seifert K.A.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Ma- roni - Piste de Paul Isnard. Stilbella Lindau Stilbella aciculosa (Ellis & Everhart)Seifert -see Nectria stilbellae (teleomorph) Stilbella aleuriata (Berkeley & Curtis)Seifert -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. (without n°) : Crique Cochon & Plateau La Douane - Saiil area. Stilbella clavulata (Montagne)Seifert -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3078 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3084 : same loc. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4078 [Seifert K.A.] : same loc. 20 km. Stilbella fusca (Saccardo)Seifert -see Nectria jatrophae (teleomorph) Termitaria Thaxter *Termitaria coronata Thaxter -Blackwell & Ross, 1986:592 Tubercularia Tode Tubercularia lateritia (Berkeley)Seifert -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3013 [Seifert K.A.] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuil- let C. & Skog L.E. 3045 [Seifert K.A.] : Trail to Cambrouze - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4007 [Seifert K.A.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Mana. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4077 [Seifert K.A.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Ma- roni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4085 [Seifert K.A.] : same loc. Uvaricospora Goos & Pirozynski Uvaricospora lignicola Goos & Pirozynski -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3311 [Seifert K.A.] : Piste de Saut Leodate. Xylocoremium Xylocoremium sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3046 [Seifert K.A.] : Trail to Cambrouze - Satil area. C - AACOMYCOTINA Cl - Loculoascomycetideae (see also Incertae Sedis). BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE Auerswaldia Saccardo - Auerswaldia examinans (Montagne & Berkeley) Saccardo -Samuels G.J. 3529 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts la Fumée - Saiil area. Botryosphaeria Cesati & De Notaris Botryosphaeria corticis (Berkeley & Curtis)v.Arx & Miller Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2639 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Botryosphaeria disrupta (Berkeley & Curtis)v.Arx & Miller -Huhndorf S.M. 1046 [Barr M.E. 1994] : Eau Claire -Satil area. Botryosphaeria quercuum (Schweinitz)Saccardo 10 -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2961 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Saut Mais, 17 km E of Saiil - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y. 3028 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 2486 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Track from village to water source - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2648 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saitil area. COCCOIDEACEAE Coccoidella Von Héhnel *Coccoidella euglypta (Montagne)Miller & Sanwal -Leprieur 241 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Dothidea) ; Dennis 1970:219 DACAMPIACEAE Immotthia Barr Immotthia hypoxylon (Ellis & Everhart)Barr -Samuels G.J. 3462 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Mont La Fumée - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 755 [Huhndorf S.M. 1993] : S of Eau Claire along Route de Belizon - Saiil area. DIDYMOSPHAERIACEAE Xylobotryum Patouillard Xylobotryum andinum Patouillard -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6179 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monpe Soula - Upper Marouini River area. -Huhndorf S.M. 932 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Grand Boeuf Mort trail - Saiil area. HERPOTRICHIELLACEAE Capronia Saccardo Capronia parasitica (Ellis & Everhart)Miller & al. -Samuels G.J. 3769 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Vicinity of the village - Satil area. Berlesiella Saccardo Berlesiella fungicola Samuels & Miller -Huhndorf S.M. 1035a [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Satil area. - Huhndorf S.M. 861a [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 875a [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. HYSTERIACEAE Glonium Mihlenberg : Fries Glonium abbreviatum (Schweinitz)Lohman -Samuels G.J. 3433 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts La Fumée - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3919 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie 'ECEREX', ORSTOM research area - Piste de Saint-Elie. -Huhndorf S.M. 684 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 756 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire, S on Route of Belizon - Saiil area. Hysterographium Corda emend. deNotaris Hysterographium mori (Schweinitz)Rehm 11 Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2682 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Ca. 10 km SW of Saiil to- ward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. LOPHIOSTOMATACEAE Herpotrichia Fuckel Herpotrichia milletiae Sivanesan -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4358 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 150km S of St.Laurent du Maroni, Citron - Paul Isnard area. Lophiostoma Cesati & de Notaris Lophiostoma caulium (Fries)Cesati & de Notaris -Huhndorf S.M. 788 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saul area. Massarina Saccardo Massarina corticola (Fuckel)Holm -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2930 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 1Skm SW of Saiil to- ward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. MELANOMMATACEAE Byssosphaeria M.C. Cooke Byssosphaeria erythrinae (Huguenin)Barr -Huhndorf S.M. 785 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Byssosphaeria jamaicana (Sivanesan)Barr -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2953 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2965 [Boise J.R. 1987] : same loc. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3003 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2717 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searward P. 4329 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron -Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. 4511 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Centre ORSTOM - Cayenne. -Huhndorf S.M. 663 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Salil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 786 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 945 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Grand Boeuf Mort trail -Saiil area. Byssosphaeria rhodomphala (Berkeley)M.C. Cooke -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3016 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3197 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 17.5km SW to- ward Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3527 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts La Fumeée - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2519 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Byssosphaeria schiedermayriana (Fuckel)Barr -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2882 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Crique Cochon - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3020 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3248 : Montagne Tortue - Route de Belizon. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2726 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3054 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 15km toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3776 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Vicinity of the village - Sail area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1037 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire, S along Route de Belizon - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 710 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 985 [Huhn- 12 dorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 842 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 843 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Byssosphaeria villosa (Samuels & Miller)Boise -Samuels G.J. 3534 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts La Fumée - Saiil area. Mycopepon Boise Mycopepon smithii (Ellis & Everhart)Boise Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2991 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE FH, sub nom. M.guianensis). -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3042 (Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 1Skm SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3376 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3384 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6035 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5673 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3623 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Circuit Grande Fosse - Saitil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 690 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. - Huhndorf §.M. 700 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 704 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1045 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 841 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: S of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Ostropella (Saccardo)von Hohnel Ostropella albocincta (Berkeley & Curtis)von Héhnel -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2669 [Huhndorf S.M. 1992] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao -Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6144 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1992] : Monpe Soula - Upper Marouini River area. -Huhndorf S.M. 723 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire -Saiil area. Xenolophium H.Sydow Xenolophium applanatum (Petch)Huhndorf Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2574 [Huhndorf S.M. 1992] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6187 [Huhn- . dorf S.M. 1992] : 2 km S of Monpe Soula - Upper Marouini River area. -Huhndorf S.M. 921 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 925 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 990 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 991 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhn- dorf S.M. 994 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 998 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Xenolophium guianense Huhndorf Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4184 [Huhndorf S.M. 1992]: ca. 150km S of Saint-Lau- rent du Maroni, Citron, Mont Lucifer -Paul Isnard area (HOLOTYPE FH). Xenolophium pachythele (Berkeley & Broome)Huhndorf Samuels G.J. 3636 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Circuit Grand Fosse - Saiil area. -Huhn- dorf S.M. 726 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 992 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 993 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 996 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Xenolophium samuelsii Huhndorf 13 -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2516 [Huhndorf S.M. 1992] : ca. 10km SW to- ward Mont Galbao - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE FH). PARODIOPSIDACEAE Dysrynchis Clements *Dysrynchis oligotricha (Hennings)Theissen -Leprieur 1149 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Meliola) ; Farr 1966:234 PATELLARIACEAE Rhytidhysterion Spegazzini Rhytidhysterion rufulum (Sprengel : Fries)Spegazzini -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3066 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Route de Paul Is- nard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3109 : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3110 : same loc. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4000 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Piste de Paul Isnard - Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. -Samuels G.J. 3479 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumeée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2728 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5983 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high ba- sin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5873 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Roche Koutou - same area. PHAEOSPHAERIACEAE Ophiosphaerella Spegazzini Ophiosphaerella graminicola Spegazzini -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2998B [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 15km SW toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3074 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Phaeosphaeria Miyake Phaeosphaeria minima Shoemaker & Babcock -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2998 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: ca. 1S5km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. PLATYSTOMACEAE Astrosphaeriella H.Sydow & Sydow Astrosphaeriella minoensis (Hara)D.Hawksworth -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3262 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. _ Astrosphaeriella stellata (Patouillard)Saccardo Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3264 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Astrosphaeriella tornata (Berkeley & Curtis)D.Hawksworth & Boise Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2714 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 661 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 722 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 719 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 999 14 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 720 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : sa- me loc. Astrosphaeriella trochus (Penzig & Saccardo)D.Hawksworth -Samuels G.J. 3783 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Vicinity of the village - Satl area. - Huhndorf S.M. 804 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 812 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 813 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Astrosphaeriella vesuvius (Berkeley & Broome)D.Hawksworth Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2702 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Javaria Boise Javaria shimekii (Ellis & Everhart)Barr Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2684 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 4055 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie, 'ECEREX' ORSTOM research area -Piste de Saint-Elie area. -Huhndorf S.M. 807 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 814 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 896 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 988 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1010 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. Trematosphaeria Fuckel Trematosphaeria confusa (Garov.)Boise & D.Hawksworth -Huhndorf S.M. 758 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1058 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : along N1 - Kourou area. Trematosphaeria perrumpens Samuels & Miller -Samuels G.J. 3505 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: Monts La Fumée - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 703 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 875 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 745 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 828 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Satil area. - Huhndorf S.M. 861 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. -Huhndorf'S.M. . 1035 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Saiil area. TUBEUFIACEAE Melioliphila Spegazzini Melioliphila volutella (Berkeley & Broome)Rossman Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6043 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Tubeufia Penzig & Saccardo Tubeufia aurantiella (Penzig & Saccardo)Rossman -Huhndorf S.M. 975 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Tubeufia clintonii (Peck)Barr Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2613 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4167 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Ci- tron, Mont Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4364 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron - same area. Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4476 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Route de lest, ca. km 50 - Montagne de Kaw area. -Samuels G.J. & 1) Boise J.R. 2591 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Tubeufia cylindrothecia (Seaver) Von Héhnel -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2842 : Near Camp Caiman, Summit Plateau - Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5799 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994]: ca. 3 hr walk W of river toward Roche Koutou, 1 km E of Roche Koutou - Upper Marouini River area. -Samuels G.J. 3516 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3530 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Circuit Grande Fosse - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3648 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. - Samuels G.J. 3671 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Cambrouze - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3957 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie, 'ECEREX' ORSTOM research area -Piste de Saint-Elie area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4168 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron, Mont Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4219 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron, Mont Decou Decou - same area. -Huhndorf S.M. 736 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 948 {Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Grand Boeuf Mort trail - Saiil area. Tubeufia helicoma (Phillips & Plowright)Pirozynski -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4093 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Sinnamary - Track to the sea. Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4474 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Route de l'est, ca. km 50 -Montagne de Kaw area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4370 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: Citron - Paul Isnard area. Tubeufia paludosa (Crouan & Crouan)Rossman -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2959 [Rossman A.Y.] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5862 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994]: vicinity of Roche Koutou - Upper Marouini river area. -Samuels G.J. 3750 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994] : Vicinity of the village - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3958 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie 'ECEREX' ORSTOM research area - Piste de Saint-Elie area. -Huhndorf S.M. 692 [Huhndorf S.M. Sen NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Tubeufia pezizula (Berkeley & Curtis)Barr -Samuels G.J. 3616 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Mont Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3907 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie 'ECEREX' ORSTOM research area - Piste de Saint-Elie area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3254 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Tubeufia roraimensis (Samuels & Mueller)Boise -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2833 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Montagne de Kaw. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2875 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Crique Cochon - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2971 [Boise J.R. 1987]: Saut Mais - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2973 [Boise J.R. 1987] : same loc. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3079 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Route de Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3296 [Rossman A.Y.] : Piste de Saut Leodate. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4491 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Monta- gne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3959 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3299 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5828 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J. 3598 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Mont Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3760 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Vicinity of the village 16 - Saiil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 901 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. - Huhndorf S.M. 905 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 907 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 727 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1020 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhn- dorf S.M. 750 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 848 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 781 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 820 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. - Huhndorf S.M. 822 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 965 [Huhn- dorf S.M. 1994] : Lyon Biche trail, S of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1053 (Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Montagne de Kaw. Tubeufia scopula (Cooke & Peck)Barr -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2689 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Tubeufia sp. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3265 : Route de Belizon - Montagne Tortue. -Rossman A.Y. 3325 [Rossman A.Y.] : Rémiré near Cayenne - Path to Vidal old farm. C2 - Pyrenomycetideae AMPHISPHAERIACEAE Amphisphaeria Cesati & de Notaris Amphisphaeria striatispora Candoussau & Katumoto Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2998a [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 762 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire along route de Belizon - Saiil area. Iodosphaeria Samuels, Miiller & O. Petrini Todosphaeria phyllophila (Mouton)Samuels, Miller & O. Petrini Samuels G.J. 3704 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. Seynesia Saccardo Seynesia erumpens (Berkeley & Curtis)Petrak -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6158 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5677 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5758 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5820 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Roche Koutou - same area. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5913 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2869 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 15km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2896 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3018 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3027 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3050 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3351 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 17.5km SW same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4229 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron - Paul Isnard area. BATISTIACEAE Batistia Cifern Batistia annulipes (Montagne)Ciferri 1 Samuels G.J. 3840 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 6059 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Monpé Soula - Marouini River high basin. BOLINIACEAE Apiocamarops Samuels & Rogers Apiocamarops alba Samuels & Rogers -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4454 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Ca- yenne. Samuels G.J. 3696 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3816 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3012 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil.- Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3301 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4114 [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y & Feuillet C. 3156 [Samuels G.J.] : 70 km E of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Co- ralie. -Rossman A.Y. 3377 [Samuels G.J.] : Montagne de Kaw. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3151 [Samuels G.J.] : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Cora- lie. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3280 [Samuels G.J.] : Montagne Tortue - 15 km from road, track to Route de Belizon. Camarops P. Karsten Camarops biporosa Rogers & Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3407 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area (HOLOTYPE NY). *Camarops scleroderma (Montagne)Nannfeldt -Leprieur 431 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon) ; Samuels & Rogers 1987:46 Camarops ustulinoides (P. Hennings)Nannfeldt -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4483 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Sa-muels G.J. 3714 [Rogers J.D. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3917 [Ro- gers J.D. 1987] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4169 [Rogers J.D. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5959 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5901 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - same area. CALOSPHAERIACEAE Calosphaeria L.R. & C. Tulasne *Calosphaeria micromeria (Montagne)Berkeley -Leprieur 1174 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Diatrype). CLAVICIPITACEAE Cordyceps (Fries) Link *Cordyceps larvata Montagne -Leprieur 402 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful) Hypocrella Saccardo Hypocrella gaertneriana Moeller Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3255 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4305 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. 18 DIATRYPACEAE Diatrype Fries *Diatrype phaselina (Montagne)Rappaz -Leprieur 1219 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Sphaeria) ; Dennis 1970:272 ; Rappaz 1987:442 *Diatrype urticaria (Montagne)Rappaz -Leprieur 573 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Sphaeria) ; Rappaz 1987:440 Diatrypella (Cesati & De Notaris) De Notaris Diatrypella quercina (Persoon : Fries)Cooke -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2869 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. GNOMONIACEAE Diaporthe Nitschke Diaporthe arctii (Lasch)Nitschke -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2809 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 15km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. HYPOCREACEAE Arachnocrea Moravec Arachnocrea scabrida Doi -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5858 [Rogerson C.T. 1987] : Ro- che Koutou - Marouini River high basin. Calonectria De Notaris Calonectria colhounii Peerally -Huhndorf S.M. 889 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : Eau Claire - Satil area. Calonectria kyotensis Terashita -Samuels G.J. 3551 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Endocreas Samuels & Rogerson Endocreas lasiacidis Samuels & Rogerson Samuels G.J. 3785 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area (HOLOTYPE NY). Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4210 [Samuels G.J. 1989] : Massif du Décou-Dé- cou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5866 [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. Gibberella Saccardo Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada)Wollenweber Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4563a [Samuels G. 1990] : Montagne Cacao - Comté Ri- ver basin. Samuels G.J. 3772 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3791 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. Hypocrea Fries *Hypocrea brevipes (Montagne)Saccardo -Leprieur 1073 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Cordyceps) ; Dennis 1970:311 Hypocrea flavovirens Berkeley -Huhndorf S.M. 888 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. 19 Hypocrea fusca Montagne -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4358 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Lieu-Dit Ci- tron - Paul Isnard area. Hypocrea gelatinosa (Tode : Fries)Fries -Samuels G.J. 3720 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saitil area. Hypocrea impressa Montagne -Rossmann A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3198 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. Hypocrea lutea (Tode)Petch -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.179 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hypocrea nigricans (Imai)Doi Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3368 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Hypocrea pallida Ellis & Everhart -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2587 [Rogerson C.T. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2803 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. Hypocrea patella (Cooke)Peck -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.208 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. : Hypocrea schweinitzii (Fries)Saccardo -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2896 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Crique Cochon - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3088 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Route de Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3193 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4385 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. Hypocrea tingomariensis Doi -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2841 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Hypomyces (Fries) Tulasne Hypomyces amaurodermatis Rogerson & Samuels -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4238 : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. - Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4493 [Samuels G.J. & Rogerson C.T.] : ca. 50km route de l'Est - Montagne de Kaw (HOLOTYPE NY). -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5969 [Samuels G.J. & Rogerson C.T.] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6000 [Samuels G.J. & Rogerson C.T.] : same loc. Hypomyces australis (Montagne) Von Hohnel -Rossman A.Y. 4049 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Piste Balaté - 12 km from Saint-Laurent- du-Maroni. Hypomyces semitranslucens G. Amold -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6110 [Rogerson C.T. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Hypomyces subiculosus (Berkeley & Curtis)vonHéhnel -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3001 [Rogerson C.T. 1986] : Commune de Satil - Satil area. Nectria (Fries)Fries Nectria alata Samuels 20 Samuels G.J. 3896b [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Nectria aureofulva Cooke & Peck Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2663 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4263 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Nectria balansiae Spegazzini Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3257 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Bourg de Sail - Sail area. Nectria brasiliensis (P. Hennings)Von Héhnel Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4382 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. Nectria byssicola Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2993 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3036 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3047b : Cambrouze - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3144 : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3314 : Piste de Saut Leodate. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4037 : Piste Balaté - Saint-Laurent- du-Maroni. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4090 : Piste Paul Isnard - same area. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4386 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Sa- muels G. & Feuillet C. 4518 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3450 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3481 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. 3510 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3515 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3537 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3868 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: Piste de Saint-Elie. - Samuels G.J. 3890 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3921 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3937 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3963 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa-muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2657 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3236 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3316 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa-muels G.J. & Boise JR. - 3319 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5980 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6085 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5182 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Al-lorge L. & al. 5651 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5662 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. | Nectria calami (P. Hennings)Rossman Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3291 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6015 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula. - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6192 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. Nectria chaetopsinae Samuels -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4404 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4563 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Cacao - Com- té River basin. -Samuels G.J. 3780 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3789 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4017 [Samuels 21 G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 4021 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. 4076 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4086 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3185 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4283 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990]: Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Nectria chaetopsinae-pennicillatae Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3765 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3853 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2866 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Nectria cinnabarina (Tode : Fries)Fries Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6076 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Nectria cinnamomea Brayford & Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3619 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE NY). -Samuels G.J. 3888 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Piste de Saint-Elie. - Samuels G.J. 3896 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2533 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Commune de Satil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2548 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3553 [Sa-muels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Sail - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4264 [Sa-muels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6077 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6086 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6155 [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5710 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. Nectria coronata Penzig & Saccardo -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3085b [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Nectria discophora (Montagne)Montagne Samuels G.J. 4013 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Sear- war P. 4249 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Is- nard area. | Nectria flammea (L.R. & C.Tulasne)Dingley Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5772 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Nectria flavolanata Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2829 : Macouria - Tonate to Montsinery ; End of Saut Leodate Track. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3136 : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3283 : Route de Beli- zon - Track to Montagne Tortue. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5857 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. Nectria flocculenta Von Hoéhnel Samuels G.J. 3611 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3965 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. 3966 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4060 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. - Samuels G.J. 4081 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, 22 Allorge L. & al. 5754 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Huhndorf S.M. 774 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : Eau Claire - Satil area. Nectria foliicola Berkeley & Curtis -Samuels G.J. 3651 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 862 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria gossypina Samuels & Rogerson Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5978 [Samuels G.J. & Rogerson 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Nectria gracilipes (L.R. & C.Tulasne)Wollenweber -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2970 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3010 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Gal- bao - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3084 : Saint-Laurent du Ma- roni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Rossman A.Y. 3327 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - Cayenne ; Path to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4091 : Sinnamary. - Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4554 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Monta-gne des Singes - Kou- rou River basin. -Samuels G.J. 3451 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumee - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3281 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3308 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3309 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. Nectria grammicospora Ferdinansen & Winge Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4411 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3641 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3641 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3700 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3895 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3895 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Station ECEREX - same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3925 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3925 [Samuels GJ. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3972 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3972 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4002 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4215 [Samuels G.J.: 1988] : Piste Citron - Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. 4411 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Dégrad Lalanne - Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2649 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels GJ. & Boise J.R. 2783 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2862 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2908 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2915[Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3109 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3244 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3285 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3109 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2908 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2783 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3244 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3285 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4215 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5931b [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ro- che Koutou - Marouini River high basin. -Huhndorf S.M. 705 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : 23 NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 1032 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 1025 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria haematococca Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3024 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3047 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Com- mune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3052 [Samuels G.J.] : Trail to Crique Limonade - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3297 : Pis- te de Saut Leodate. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3315 : same loc. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4516 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Centre ORSTOM - Cayenne. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4536 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : Montagne des Singes - Kourou River basin. -Samuels G.J. 3554 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. 3572 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Satil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3624 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3699 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. “Samuels G.J. 3701 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3733 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3752 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3872 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 4000 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4033 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : sa- me loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2549 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2646a [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2654 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 2727 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2824 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2848 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2873 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2901 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2903 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2934 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3014 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3017 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3114 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 3125 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3148 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3161 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3166 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : sa- me loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3228 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3395 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3073 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4177 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4190 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- _ muels G.J. & Searwar P. 4252 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - same area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4267 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - same area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4311 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5989 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6007 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Al- lorge L. & al. 6008 [Samuels G.J. 1987]: same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. 24 de, Allorge L. & al. 5661 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5678 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Gran- ville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5690 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5707a [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5707b [ Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5872 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - same area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5931a [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 666 [Samuels G.J. 1994]: N of Eau Claire - Sail area. Nectria illudens Berkeley -Samuels G.J. 3415 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels GJ. 3750 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. Nectria impariphialis Samuels -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5981 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria jatrophae (Mueller)Wollenweber -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.603 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3222 [Samuels G.J.] : Route de Be- lizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3230b : same loc. - Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4378 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3414 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3719 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3928 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2585 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2812 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4214 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5802 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high ba- sin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5835 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. Nectria joca Samuels -Huhndorf S.M. 939 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. Nectria jungeri P. Hennings -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.686 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2957 [Samuels G.J.] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3000 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3217 : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3223 : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4395 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4503 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3405 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3457 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. 3511 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3889 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3891 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. 3988 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2505 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2531 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2542 [Sa- DS muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2928 [Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2978 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : sa- me loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3113 [Samuels G.J. 1986 ] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3265 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Satil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3365 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3391 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6006 [Samuels G.J. 1989] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high ba- sin. Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6064 [Samuels G.J. 1989] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6160 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6166 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5654 [Sa- muels G.J. 1989] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 717 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 827 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria laetidiscoides Samuels & Brayford Samuels G.J. & J.Boise 2890 [Samuels G.J. & Brayford D. 1993] : ca 15 km toward Mont Galbao, SW of Saiil - Satil area (HOLOTYPE NY). -Samuels G.J. & J.Boise 3396 [Samuels G.J. & Brayford D. 1993] : same loc. Nectria lasiacidis Samuels Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5864 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria lucida Von Hohnel -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4519 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Ca- yenne. -Samuels G.J. 3621 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. 3987 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2650 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 2847 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2911 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2931 [Sa- muels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R, 2956 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2965 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4163 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Nectria lucifer Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3542 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3362 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3542 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Commune de Satil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3726 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3726 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3898 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3898 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Station ECEREX - Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 5891 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Roche Koutou - Marouini river high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5891 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. 6066 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Monpé Soula - same area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3362 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Nectria macrostoma Berkeley & Broome -Samuels G.J. 3446 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. - Sa- muels G.J. 3593 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. - Samuels 26 G.J. 3723 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4509 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Centre ORSTOM - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4351 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5726a [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini Ri- ver high basin. : Nectria mammiformis (Chardon)Samuels Samuels G.J. 3935 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. 4018 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2762 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2905a [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saitil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3199 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3034 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5712 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Nectria mauritiicola (P. Hennings)Seifert & Samuels -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3142 : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao ; Piste Coralie. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4562 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Cacao - Comté River basin. -Samuels G.J. 3568 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3927 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3929 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2876 [Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1986] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3552 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Nectria neogrammicospora Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3706 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : 7km toward Mont Galbao, SW of Saiil - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria ochroleuca (Schweinitz)Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3083 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3216 : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. 3334 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - Cayenne ; sa- me area. Samuels G. & Feuillet C.4431[Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne . - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3448 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3528 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3582 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3638 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3650 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3666 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 4012 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2647b [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2667 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2729 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2781 [Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2822 [Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2967 [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2976 [Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3381 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4176 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Samuels GJ. & Searwar P. 4217a [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - same are. -Sa- muels G.J. & Searwar P. 4231 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels GJ. & 27 Searwar P. 4240 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4291 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - same area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5746 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini Ri- ver high basin. Nectria olivacea (Seaver)Samuels -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2944 : Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2955 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Rossman A.Y., Feuil- let C. & Skog L.E. 3080 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. Nectria penicilliferi Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3896a [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Nectria pertusa Patouillard -Samuels G.J. 3961 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2999 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saitil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6190 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Ma- rouini River high basin. Nectria pityrodes (Montagne)Montagne -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3027 [Samuels G.J.] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Sail area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3102 [Rossman A.Y.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3303 : Piste de Saut Leodate. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4084 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Sa- muels G.J. 3480 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saitil area. -Samuels G.J. 3536 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 4008 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels GJ. & Boise J.R. 2637 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2680 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3002 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3186 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. - Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3256 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3323 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3342 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3093 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4157 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Gran- ville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5982 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Nectria pseudocinnabarina Rossman Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4299 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Nectria pseudotrichia (Schweinitz)Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3096 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Route de Paul Is- nard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4090 : same loc. - Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3125 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3165 [Samuels G.J.] : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4036 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste Balaté. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4533 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3483 [Samuels 28 G.J. 1990] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2583 [Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 2661 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2679 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3183 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3302 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4261 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Huhndorf S.M. 881 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria purtonii (Greville)Berkeley Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2672 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Satil - Sati area. Nectria radicicola Gerlach & Nilsson Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4435 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Ca- yenne. Nectria rigidiuscula Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. (without n°) : Piste de Saut Leodate. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2938 : Near Camp Caiman - Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3525 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saitil area. -Samuels G.J. 3926 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3321 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4185 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Nectria rubrococca Brayford & Samuels Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4484 [Brayford D. & Samuels G.J.] : ca. 50km route de l'Est - Montagne de Kaw area (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria rugulosa Patouillard & Gaillard -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3029 [Samuels G.J.] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3267 : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. -Samuels G.J. 3509 [Samuels G.J. 1989] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3632 [Samuels - G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 4026 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3038 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6159 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini ri-ver high basin. -Sa- muels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6177 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 693 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : N of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria scitula H. Sydow -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.671 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.686 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : same loc. Nectria septospora Samuels & Brayford Samuels G.J. & Boise J. 3108 [Samuels G.J. & Brayford D.] : ca. 15km toward Mont Galbao, SW of Saiil - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria sesquicillii Samuels -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3204 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3212 [Samuels G.J.]: same loc. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4424 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Sa- 29 muels G.J. 3970 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4274 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Nectria setofusariae Samuels & Nirenberg -Rossman A, 3333 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Rémiré - Cayenne area. -Samuels G.J. 4014 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria sp. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3144 : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao ; Piste Coralie. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3181 : same loc. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3319 : Piste de Saut Leodate. Nectria stilbellae Samuels & Seifert Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2909 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3079 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Mont Galbao - Saitil area (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria striispora Ellis & Everhart -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3230C : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4377 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3620 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3684 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3834 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. 3894 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2511 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2938 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3100 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Sa- muels G.J. & Searwar P. 4218 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif du Dé- kou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6186 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : 2km S of Monpé Soula, 15 min. walk W of the Marouini River, toward a large granitic rock, elev. ca 200m - Marouini River high basin. - Huhndorf S.M. 1000 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectria subfalcata P. Hennings Samuels G.J. 3499 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. - Sa- muels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2813 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Nectria subquaternata Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3224 [Samuels G.J.] : Route de Belizon - Track to Mon- tagne Tortue. Nectria suffulta Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2881 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Crique Cochon - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2958 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Saut Mais - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3011 [Samuels G.J.] : Mont Galbao ; between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J. & Searwar P. 4310 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6020 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6021 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6153 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. Nectria sylvana Mouton 30 -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6025 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6026 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. Nectria triqua Samuels Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5818 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria vermispora Samuels & Brayford Samuels G.J. 4016 [Samuels G.J. & Brayford D.] : km16, between Sinnamary and St.Elie, 'ECEREX' ORSTOM research area. Piste de Saint-Elie (HOLOTYPE NY). Nectria vilior Starback -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.602 [Samuels G.J. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2828 : Macouria - End of Saut Leodate Trail. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3092 [Rossman A.Y.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3140 : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao ; Piste Coralie. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4393 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4487 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4504 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3712 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3899 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2628 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Satil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boi- se J.R. 3008 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3182 [Samuels G.J. 1986]: same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4129 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels GJ. & Searwar P. 4326 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - same area. -Huhndorf S.M. 730 [Samuels G.J. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 887 [Sa- muels G.J. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. Nectriopsis Maire Nectriopsis byssotecta (Rehm)Samuels Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3107 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : 15km toward Mont Galbao, - SW of Sail - Satil area. Nectriopsis epimycota Samuels -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4457 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Ca- yenne. -Samuels G.J. 3463 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area (HOLOTYPE NY). -Samuels G.J. 3651a [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Grand Fossé - Salil area. Nectriopsis leucorrhodina (Montagne)Samuels Samuels G.J. 3749 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. Nectriopsis oropensoides (Rehm)Samuels Samuels G.J. 3982 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Ophionectria Saccardo Ophionectria magniverrucosa Rossman -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5722 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Ophionectria trichospora (Berkeley & Broome)Saccardo -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3230a : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. - Samuels G.J. 3631 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3860 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. ay 3230 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3263 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4273 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Peristomialis (Phillips)Boudier Peristomialis berkeleyi Boudier -Samuels G.J. 3763 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3788 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3953 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Peristomialis paraparilis Samuels -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4159 [Samuels G.J.. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area (HOLOTYPE NY). Peristomialis parilis (H.Sydow)Samuels -Samuels G.J. 3777 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Satil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J.& Searwar P. 4158 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. Podostroma P.Karsten Podostroma eperuae Rogerson & Samuels Samuels G.J. 3821 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie (HOLOTYPE NY). Sarawakus Lloyd Sarawakus lycogaloides (Berkeley)Lloyd Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3368 [Samuels G.J., Rossman A.Y.] : toward Mont Gal- bao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3739 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4102 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. HYPONECTRIACEAE Linocarpon Sydow Linocarpon livistoniae (Hennings )Hyde -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2967 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. *Linocarpon verminosum (Montagne)Hyde -Leprieur 1137, 1138 (HOLOTYPE PC Sphaeria v.) ; cited in Montagne 1854, Walker, 1980:61, Hyde, 1988:349 Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4505 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Route de l'Est, ca. 50km - Montagne de Kaw area. LASIOSPHAERIACEAE Lasiosphaeria Cesati & De Notaris Lasiosphaeria meznaensis Hilber Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2642 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Lasiosphaeria moseri Hilber -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3359 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 17.5km SW toward Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Lasiosphaeria raciborskii (Penzig & Saccardo)Caroll & Munk -Samuels G.J. 3716 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3920 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie Lasiosphaeriella Sivanesan 32 Lasiosphaeriella dennisii Sivanesan Samuels G.J. 3950 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Lasiosphaeriella noonae-dana (Carroll & Munk)Sivanesan Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4478 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3679 [Samuels.G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3695 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. 3865 [Samuels G.J. 1990]: Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4208 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4323 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - same area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P.4361 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : same loc. Melanochaeta Miiller, Harr & Sulmont Melanochaeta hemispila (Berkeley & Broome)Miiller, Harr & Sulmont -Huhndorf S.M. 948A [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Grand Boeuf Mort trail - Satil area. StriatosphaeriaSamuels & Miiller Striatosphaeria codinophora Samuels & Miller Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4490 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3467 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 4030 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Thaxteria Saccardo Thaxteria leptosporioides (Winter)Fitzpatrick Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5830 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vi- cinity of Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. NIESSLIACEAE Niesslia Auerswald Niesslia erysipheoides (Ellis & Everhart)Barr -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 3727 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5859 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vicinity of Roche Koutou - same area. - Trichosphaerella Bommer, Rousseau & Saccardo Trichosphaerella decipiens Bommer, Rousseau & Saccardo -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4230 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. Valetoniella Von Héhnel Valetoniella crucipila Von Hohnel Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al.5710a [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5726b [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. NITSCHKIACEAE Acanthonischkia Spegazzini Acanthonischkia macrobarbata Fitzpatrick -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4236 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. 3904 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie 'ECEREX', ORSTOM research area - Route de Saine-Elie area. Bertia De Notaris Bertia moriformis (Tode : Fries)De Notaris 53 -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2982 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Mont La Fumée - Saiil area. var. latispora Corlett & Krug -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2984 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Mont La Fumée - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3599 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3795 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3851[Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : between Sinnamary and St.Elie 'ECEREX', ORSTOM research area - Route de Saint-Elie area. -Samuels G.J. 3476 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monts La Fumeée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3489 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4104 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron, Mont Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4530 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vicinity of Cayenne - Cayenne area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5860 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vicinity of Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. - Huhndorf S.M. 708 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 876 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : 5km same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 1043 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : NE of Eau Claire - Satil area. Calyculosphaeria Fitzpatrick *Calyculosphaeria calyculus (Montagne)Fitzpatrick -Leprieur 372, 1218 (HOLOTYPE PC Sphaeria c.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Sphaeria). -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3334 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 17.5km SW toward Mont Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3550 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vicinity of the village - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4350 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Citron - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Feuillet C. 4570 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Monta- gne Cacao - Cacao area. -Samuels G.J., deGranville J.J., Allorge L. & al. 5646 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Ouman Fou Langa Soula - Upper Marouini River area. -Sa- muels G.J., deGranville J.J., Allorge L. & al. 5988 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : same loc. -Huhndorf S.M. 918 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Eau Claire - Saiil area. Calyculosphaeria collapsa (Romell)Fitzpatrick -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2502 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 10km SW toward Mont Galbao -Saiil area. Gaillardiella Patouillard Gaillardiella pezizoides Patouillard -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3392 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : ca. 15km SW toward Mont Galbao -Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 4534 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : vicinity of Cayenne - Cayenne area. Nitschkia Otth ex P.Karsten Nitschkia acanthostroma (Montagne)Nannfeldt -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4019a [Rossman A.Y.] : Saint-Laurent-du- Maroni - Road to Javouhey. Nitschkia floridana Fitzpatrick Samuels G.J., deGranville J.J., Allorge L. & al. 6053 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Mon- pe Soula - Upper Marouini River area. -Huhndorf S.M. 852 [Huhndorf $.M. 1994] : Eau Claire, S along Route de Belizon - Saiil area. Nitschkia grevillei (Rehm)Nannfeldt -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2922 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Route de Belizon - Saiil area. 34 Nitschkia macrospora Teng -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2983 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Montagne La Fu- mée - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2984 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. Rhagadostroma K6rber Rhagadostroma coccifera (Amaud)Miller -Rossman A.Y. 4060 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Piste Balaté - 12 km from Saint-Laurent-du- Maroni. OPHIOSTOMATACEAE Ophiostoma H. & P.Sydow Ophiostoma grande Samuels & Miller -Samuels G.J. 4007 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Ophiostoma roraimense Samuels & Mueller Samuels G.J. 3810 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Piste de Saint-Elie. PHYLLACHORACEAE Phyllachora Nitzschke ex Fuckel *Phyllachora rhopalina (Montagne)Saccardo -Leprieur 441 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Dothidea) ; Dennis 1970:274 THYRIDIACEAE Sinosphaeria Yue & O.Eriksson Sinosphaeria lasiacidis Samuels & Rogerson -Samuels G.J. 3724 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Sa- muels G.J. 3773 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3784a [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. (HOLOTYPE NY) Valsaria Cesati & De Notaris Valsaria rubricosa (Fries:Fries)Saccardo -Rossman A.Y. 4013 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Road D9 - Between Saint-Laurent-du-Maro- ni and Mana. TRICHOSPHAERIACEAE Chaetosphaerella Miller & Booth Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma (Durrieu & Montagne)Miiller & Booth -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2923 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Route de Belizon. Chaetosphaeria L.R. & C. Tulasne Chaetosphaeria fusispora W.Gams & Holubova-Jechova -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3033 [Boise J.R. 1987] : mks Galbao - Saiil area. Chaetosphaeria innumera Berkeley & Broome ex Tulasne -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3093 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Piste de Paul Isnard - Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. -Rossman A.Y. 4068 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Piste Balaté - 12 km from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa (Fries:Fries)Booth -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3009 [Boise J.R. 1986] : Trail to Mont Gal- bao, between Crique Cambrouze and Crique Eau Noire - Saiil area. 35 Chaetosphaeria pannicola Berkeley & Curtis Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4212 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif du Dé- kou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. Fluviostroma Samuels & Miiller Fluviostroma wrightii Samuels & Miller -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2917 [Samuels G.J.] : ? Samuels G.J. 3691 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 4078 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4137 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Huhndorf S.M. 851 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : S of Eau Claire - Satil area. -Huhndorf S.M. 949 [Huhndorf S.M. 1994] : Grand Boeuf Mort trail - Satil area. AYLARIACEAE Astrocystis Berkeley & Broome Astrocystis mirabilis Berkeley & Broome Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5771 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Camillea Fries Camillea bilabiata Spegazzini -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4559 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Cacao - Comté Ri- ver basin. -Samuels G.J. 3425 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3738 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L. 4017 [Samuels G.J.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Road to Javouhey. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L. 4027 [Samuels G.J.] : sa- me loc. *Camillea cyclisca (Montagne)Laessoe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley -Leprieur 1186 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon c.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon), Laessoe & al. 1989:128 : Cayenne. Camillea cyclops (Montagne)Montagne -Leprieur 221 (HOLOTYPE PC), 1166, 1167 ; cited in Montagne 1854. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4432 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Ca- yenne. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4433 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : same loc. *Camillea fossulata (Montagne)Laessoe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley -Leprieur 692 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon f.), 1188 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon) ; Laessoe & al. 1989:131 : circa Cayenne *Camillea heterostoma (Montagne)Laessoe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley -Leprieur 229 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon h.), 395, 1189, 1190, 1217 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon) ; Dennis 1970:299 ; Laessoe & al. 1989:134 Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4496 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2634 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4367 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. var. macrospora (Miller)Laessoe, J.D.Rogers & Whalley -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2559 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. *Camillea labellum Montagne 36 -Leprieur 1179 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:296 ; Laessoe & al. 1989:136 : truncis emortuis ad oram sylvarum circa Cayenne Camillea leprieuri (Montagne)Montagne -Leprieur 243 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon I.) ; cited in Montagne 1854. Jacquemin H. 2059 : Commune de Sinnamary - coastal area. Jacquemin H. 2651 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2892 : Crique co- chon & Plateau La Douane - Saitil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2976 : Trail to Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3605 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3658 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3675 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2577 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2645 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6069 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6070 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5671 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5823 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - same area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5878 [Sa- muels G.J. 1987] : same loc._-Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2972 [Samuels G.J. 1987, s.n. Hypoxylon melanaspis| : Saut Mais - Saul area. Camillea mucronata Montagne -Leprieur 1165 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2938 : Trail to Saut Mais, Carbet Mitan - Salil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3155 [Samuels G.J.] : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4406 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3294 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3312 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Camillea obularia (Fries)Laessoe, J.D.Rogers & Lodge -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L. 2852a : Montagne de Kaw. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3050 [Boise J.R.] : Trail to Crique Limonade - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4347 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. *Camillea scriblita (Montagne)Laessoe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley -Leprieur 1162 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon s.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon) ; Dennis 1970 : 299 ; Laessoe & al. 1989:143 : Cayenne. *Camillea tinctor (Berkeley)Laessoe, J.D.Rogers & Whalley -cited in Dennis 1970:299 ; Laessoe & al. 1989:145 Daldinia Cesati & De Notaris *Daldinia concentrica (Bolton : Fries)Cesati & De Notaris -Leprieur 249 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful) var. escholzii (Ehrenberg)Starback -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3318 : Piste de Saut Leodate. Hypoxylon Bulliard : Fries Hypoxylon cyclopicum Spegazzini Samuels G.J. 4510 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Centre ORSTOM - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4106 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Is- a7 nard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4349 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Lieu-Dit Citron - same area. Hypoxylon glycirrhiza Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2856 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Montagne du Matoury - Cayenne. *Hypoxylon hypomiltum Montagne -Leprieur 371 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 * Hypoxylon monticulosum Montagne -Leprieur 1176 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 Hypoxylon nucigenum P. Hennings -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2945 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. 3567 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2630 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area.-Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2675 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. Hypoxylon quisquilarium (Montagne)Montagne -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3111 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, trail to Vidal old farm. Samuels G.J. 3640 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Satil area. Samuels G.J. 3689 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. Sa- muels G.J. 3713 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. Samuels G.J. 3727 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4296 [Sa- muels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5974 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5941 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - same area. *Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Persoon : Fries)Fries -Leprieur 442 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon vinosum) Hypoxylon sclerophaeum Berkeley & Curtis Jacquemin H. 1991 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2198 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. JJacquemin H. 2537 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Jacquemin H. 2663 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. - Jacquemin H. 2732 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Hypoxylon subannulatum P. Hennings & Nyman in Warburg -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3025 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Layon Galbao - Sail area. Hypoxylon sulcatum Starback Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4288 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. *Hypoxylon truncatum (Schweinitz)Miller - -Leprieur 230, 369, 397 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon annulatum) Kretzschmaria Fries Kretzschmaria clavus (Fries)Saccardo -Jacquemin H. 2048 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2199 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. *Kretzschmaria lucidula (Montagne)Dennis -Leprieur 430 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon I.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon). Leprieuria Laessoe, J.D.Rogers & Whalley 38 Leprieuria bacillum (Montagne)Laessoe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley -Leprieur 1180 (HOLOTYPE PC Camillea b.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Camillea b.) -Rossman A.Y. 3236 [Rossman A.Y.] : Montagne Tortue - Route de Belizon. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2918 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Route de Belizon - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4033 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste Balaté. -Samuels G.J. 3668 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6125 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Al- lorge L. & al. 5831 [Samuels G.J. 1989] : Roche Koutou - same area. Neohypodiscus J.D.Rogers, Ju & Laessoe * Neohypodiscus irradians (Montagne)J.D.Rogers, Ju & Laessoe -Leprieur 231 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon i.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom.Hypoxylon i.) Penzigia Saccardo *Penzigia conostoma (Montagne)Miller -Leprieur 363 (HOLOTYPE PC Hypoxylon c.) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon). *Penzigia indica Rawla & Narula 1984 -cited in Callan & Rogers 1990:366 (cf) Phylacia Léveillé Phylacia poculiformis (Montagne)Montagne -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3126 [Samuels G.J.] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne, trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3194 [Samuels G.J.] : same loc. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4507 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. 3500 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Saiil area. -Samuels GJ. 3692 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. 3893 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3908 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4112 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6088 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Poronia Willdenow *Poronia oedipus (Montagne)Montagne -Leprieur without n° ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful ?) Thamnomyces Ehrenberg ex Sprengel Thamnomyces chordalis Fries -Jacquemin H. 2002 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2729 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Jacquemin H. 2785 : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2974 : Beginning of Mont Galbao Trail - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3034 [ Boise J.R. 1986 ] : Trail to Mont Galbao, between Crique Eau Noire and Crique Cambrouze - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3059 [Boise J.R. 1987] : Crique Limonade - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3106 : Rémiré - 15 km from Ca- yenne, Trail to Vidal old farm. -Samuels G.J. 3615 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3172 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Sail - Satil area. Thamnomyces dendroideus Cooke & Massee 39 Jacquemin H. 2003 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Samuels G.J. 3922 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Theissenia Maublanc Theissenia pyrenocratia (Theissen)Maublanc Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6169 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Ustulina L.R. & C. Tulasne Ustulina deusta (Hoffmann : Fries)Petrak ~Jacquemin H. 2654 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2960 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3148 : 40 km S of Cayenne - Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3304 : Piste de Saut Leodate. Xylaria Hill ex Greville *Xylaria adscendens (Fries)Fries -cited in Callan & Rogers 1990:346 *Xylaria aenea (Montagne)Dennis -Leprieur 1197, 1399 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 Xylaria allantoidea (Berkeley)Fries Jacquemin H. 2019 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. *Xylaria cf. allantoidea (Berkeley)Fries -cited in Callan & Rogers 1990:348 *Xylaria anisopleura (Montagne)Montagne -Leprieur 254, 438, 1194, 1198 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria aristata Montagne -Leprieur 1209 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria atrosphaerica (Cooke & Massee)Callan & J.D. Rogers -cited in Callan & Rogers 1990:350 *Xylaria axifera Montagne -Leprieur 1192 ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:303 (sub nom. Xylosphaera) *Xylaria berkeleyi Montagne -Leprieur 1196, 1200, 1203 ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Bertault 1984:145 *Xvlaria coccophora Montagne -Leprieur 1228, 1398 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:304 (sub nom. Xylosphaera) Xylaria comosa (Montagne)Fries Jacquemin H. 2017 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. *Xylaria compressa Patouillard & Gaillard -cited in Bertault 1984:155 _*Xylaria corniformis (Fries)Fries -Leprieur 1199, 1221 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful?) Xylaria cubensis (Montagne)Fries Jacquemin H. 2643 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. *Xylaria curta Fries -Leprieur 236 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Xylaria rhopaloides) ,; Callan & Rogers 1990:356 (cf) *Xylaria enterogena (Montagne)Fries -cited in Callan & Rogers 1990:358 40 *Xylaria feejensis (Berkeley)Fries -Leprieur without n° ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Xylaria rhytidophloeus) *Xylaria gracillima (Fries)Fnies -Leprieur 378, 384, 388 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful?) Xylaria grammica (Montagne)Fries Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6102 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5803 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. *Xylaria guianensis (Montagne)Fries -Leprieur 250 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hypoxylon) *Xylaria hypoxylon (Linné : Fries)Greville -Leprieur 245, 248 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful) *Xylaria ianthino-velutina (Montagne)Fries -Leprieur 574 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria kegeliana (Léveillé)Fries -Leprieur 1214 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria microceras (Montagne)Fries -Leprieur 242 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria multiplex (Kunze)Berkeley & Curtis -Leprieur 223, 246, 247, 1193 ; cited in Montagne 1854 Xylaria obovata (Berkeley)Fries Jacquemin H. 2046 : Trois-Sauts : Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. *Xylaria phyllocharis Montagne -Leprieur 1208 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:304 (sub nom. Xylosphaera). Xylaria polymorpha (Persoon : Fries)Greville Jacquemin H. 1865 ter : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high ba- sin. Jacquemin H. 2019 bis : same loc. Jacquemin H. 1934 : Montagne du Mahury ~ - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 1935 : same loc. *Xylaria pumila (Fries)Montagne -Leprieur 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Xylaria rhizocola Montagne -Leprieur 235 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:304 (sub nom. Xylosphaera). *Xylaria scopicola (Montagne ex P. Joly)T.Schumacher -Leprieur 224, 228, 1129 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Xylaria scopiformis) Xylaria scruposa (Fries)Fries -Leprieur ; cited in Montagne (without n°). Xylaria telfairi Berkeley Jacquemin H. 18655 bis : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River hihi basin. Jacquemin H. 2358 : same loc. Sarit G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5775 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. C3 - Pezizomycetideae ('Discomycetes' ) C3a - 'Inoperculate' DERMATEACEAE Angelina Fries 4] Angelina leprieuri Montagne -Leprieur 869 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854. -Granville J.J. de, Allorge L., Hahn W.J. & Hoff M. 9246 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Granville J.J. de, Allorge L., Hahn W.J. & Hoff M. 9544 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. GEOGLOSSACEAE Microglossum Gillet Microglossum rufum (Schweinitz)Underwood -Leprieur 1075 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Mitrula lutea) ; Imai 1955 (sub nom. Mitrula lutea) HYALOSCYPHACEAE Lachnum Retz. Lachnum abnorme (Montagne)Haines & Dumont -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2916 : Route de Belizon. Lachnum rhytismatis (Phillips)Nannfeldt -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2929 [Haines J.H.] : Trail to Saut Mais, Carbet Mitan - Saiil area. Proliferodiscus Haines & Dumont Proliferodiscus inspersus (Berkeley & Curtis)Haines & Dumont -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4026 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Road to Javouhey. LEQTIACEAE Bisporella Saccardo Bisporella discedens (P.Karsten)Carpenter -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L. 3043 [Haines J.H.] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. Cordierites Montagne *Cordierites guianensis Montagne -Leprieur 383, 885 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1970:279 ; Zhuang 1988:279. Encoelia (Fr.:Fr.)P.Karsten Encoelia cubensis (Berkeley & Broome)Iturriaga, Samuels & Korf -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3245 : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. - Samuels G.J. 3547 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3932 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2616 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3059 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Mont Galbao - Saitil area. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4109 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6165 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. Polydiscidium Wakefield Polydiscidium martynii Wakefield Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4147 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. 42 ORBILIACEAE Orbilia Fries Orbilia auricolor (Bloxam ex Berkeley)Saccardo -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2991 : Mont La Fumée - Saiil area. - Ross- man A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3051 [Carpenter S.E.] : Trail to Crique Limonade - Satil area. Orbilia sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4038 [Haines J.H.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maro- ni - Piste Balateé. RHYTISMATACEAE Coccomyces De Notaris Coccomyces leptosporus Spegazzini -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6095 [Johnston J.R. 1990] : Ou- man fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. SCLEROTINIACEAE Lambertella Von Héhnel Lambertella microscopica (Seaver)Dumont Samuels G.J. 4080 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Piste de Saint-Elie. Lanzia Saccardo Lanzia rufocornea (Berkeley & Broome)Dumont -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.070 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Ara- taye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4006 : Saint- Laurent-du-Maroni - Mana. Poculum Velenovsky *Poculum crocatum (Montagne)Dumont -Leprieur 439 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Peziza) ; Dennis 1970:347 (sub nom. Hymenoscyphus) ; Dumont 1981:329 Rutstroemia P.Karsten Rutstroemia sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4080 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. C3b - 'Operculate' PYRONEMATACEAE Aleuria (Fries)Fuckel *Aleuria phlyctidospora (Leprieur & Montagne)T. Schumacher -Leprieur (without n°) ; cited in T.Schumacher, 1988 : "Cayenne in locis sabulosis". Pulvinula Boudier Pulvinula anthracobia T.Schumacher -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.075 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Ara- taye River - Approuague basin. *Pulvinula etiolata (Cooke)Legal -cited in Dennis 1970:336 Scutellinia (Cooke)Lambotte 43 Scutellinia blumenaviensis (P.Hennings)Legal -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.021 [Courtecuisse R. 1992] : Camp des Nouragues ; Ara- taye River - Approuague basin. SARCOSCYPHACEAE Cookeina O. Kuntze Cookeina speciosa (Fries : Fries)R.W.G.Dennis (= C. sulcipes) -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.029 [Courtecuisse R., 1988] : Camp des Nouragues - Ap- prouague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.225 [Courtecuisse R., 1988] : Station de l'Arataye - Approuague basin. -JJacquemin H. 1864 bis : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Jacquemin H. 2042 : same loc. Jacquemin H. 2610 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3470 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Monta- gne La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. 3787 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4115 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4315 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5805 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. Cookeina tricholoma (Montagne)O. Kuntze -Broadway W.E. 692 [Cash E.K.] : Cayenne. -Chaud J.P. 006 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Montagne des singes - Kourou. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.004 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Camp des Nouragues - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.263 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -D'Halluin C. 013 [Courtecuisse R. 1993] : Camp Voltaire - Paul Isnard area. Jacquemin H. 1864 ter : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. -Jacquemin H. 1960 : Route Nationale RN 2. JJacquemin H. 2611 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2946 [Haines J.H.] : Saut Mais - Saitil area. - Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4063 [Haines J.H.] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste Balaté. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4408 [Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 1990] : Montagne de Kaw. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2715 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4126 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4220 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Massif du Dékou-Dékou - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6012 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6013 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : same loc. -Sipman H. 31839 [Cour- tecuisse R. 1992] : Piste de St.Elie - near Sinnamary. SARCOSOMATACEAE Phillipsia Berkeley Phillipsia tetraspora (Seaver)Legal -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4113 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. D - BASIDIOMYCOTINA D1 - Phragmobasidiomycetes and other 'Heterobasidiomycetes' AURICULARIACEAE 44 Auricularia Bulliard Auricularia delicata (Fries)Hennings -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.354 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.457 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : same loc. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2606 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4271 [Lowy B. 1987] : Massif Lucifer - Paul Is-nard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5895 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Roche Koutou - Marouini River high basin. Auricularia fuscosucccinea (Montagne)Farlow -Broadway 762 [Lowy B. 1971] : Cayenne. Auricularia polytricha (Montagne)Saccardo -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.353 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.527 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : same loc. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.562 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Ap-prouague basin. -Jacquemin H. 1958 : Route Nationale RN 2. Naequehin H. 2156 : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3685 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Galbao - Satil area. -Sa-muels G.J. 3711 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : same loc. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2763 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3188 [Lowy B. 1987] : Bourg de Sati - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 3053 [Lowy B. 1987] : Mont Galbao - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. & Searwar P, 4099 [Lowy B. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4135 [Lowy B. 1987] : Camp minier Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4335 [Lowy B. 1987] : Lieu- Dit Citron - same area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6121 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5711 [Samuels G.J. 1988] : same loc. DACRYMYCETACEAE Calocera (Fries : Fries)Fries Calocera coralloides Kobayasi -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.503 [Courtecuisse R. & B.Lowy 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Dacryopinax Martin Dacryopinax formosus Lowy & Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.227 [Lowy B. & Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Dacryopinax indacocheae Lowy - Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.093 [Lowy B. 1990] : Station des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Dacryopinax martinii Lowy -Samuels G.J. 3742 [Lowy B. 1987] : Montagne Boeuf Mort - Saiil area. Dacryopinax spathularia (Schweinitz)Martin -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.040 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Station des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.157 [Lowy B. 1990] : same loc. Ditiola Fnes : Fries 45 Ditiola radicata (Albertini & Schweinitz : Fries)Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.419 [Lowy B. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4437 [Lowy B. 1987] : Commune de Cayenne - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3979 [Lowy B. 1987] : Piste de Saint-Elie. SEPTOBASIDIACEAE Septobasidium Patouillard * Septobasidium leprieuri (Montagne)Patouillard -Leprieur 529 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom.Corticium) ; Dennis 1970:134 *Septobasidium rhabarbarinum (Montagne)Bresadola -Leprieur 241 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Daedalea) ; Ryvarden 1982:81 (type) TREMELLACEAE Heterochaete Patouillard in Patouillard & Lagerheim *Heterochaete andina Lagerheim & Patouillard -cited in Dennis 1970:128 Heterochaetella (Bourdot)Bourdot & Galzin Heterochaetella cystidiophora Lowy -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4389 [Lowy B. 1987] : Montagne de Kaw. Pseudohydnum P.Karsten Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (Scopoli : Fries)P.Karsten Samuels G.J. 3841 [Lowy B. 1987 ] : Piste de Saint-Elie. var. bisporum Lowy & Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.273 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Tremella Persoon *Tremella aurantia Schweinitz : Fries -Leprieur 873 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (needs confirmation ?) Tremella fibulifera A. Moller -Courtecuisse R. RC.GF88.151 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Station des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.452 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. -Samuels G.J. 3797 [Lowy B. 1987] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. 3808 [Lowy B. 1987] : same loc. Tremella fimbriata Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.576 [Lowy B. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Tremella lutescens Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.284 [Lowy B. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Tremella tubercularia Berkeley -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2635 [Lowy B. 1987] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area D2 - Homobasidiomycetes D2a - Aphyllophoromycetideae APHELARIACEAE 46 Aphelaria Comer Aphelaria guadeloupensis (Léveillé)Corner Jacquemin H. 2035 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2400 : Montagne de Kaw. *Aphelaria tropica (Montagne)Comer -Leprieur 894 p.p. (HOLOTYPE PC sub nom. Pterula) ; cited in Comer 1950:191. - Leprieur 18, 895 (s.n. Pterula acutissima) ; cited in Comer l.c. ATHELIACEAE Athelia Persoon Athelia rolfsii (Curzi)Tu & Kimbrough -Mailloux M. [Lentz P.L. s.n.Pellicularia r.| : Cayenne. BJERKANDERACEAE Hapalopilus P.Karsten *Hapalopilus phlebiaeformis (Cooke)Ryvarden -cited in Dennis 1970:119 (sub nom. Poria) Hapalopilus rutilans (Persoon : Fries)P. Karsten Jacquemin H. 2053 : Piste de Saint-Elie. CANTHARELLACEAE Cantharellus Adanson : Fries *Cantharellus guianensis Montagne -Leprieur 1062 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Corner 1966:46 ; Dennis 1970:87 ; Pegler 1983a:40 Caripia O. Kuntze Caripia montagnei (Berkeley)O. Kuntze -Broadway W.E. 768 : Cayenne. -Chaud J.P. 006 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Montagne des singes - Kourou area. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.207 [Courtecuisse R. 1989]: © Station de l'Arataye ; Saut Pararé - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2858 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4447 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Cayenne - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3990 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Piste de Saint-Elie. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2739 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3111 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Bourg de Saiil - Satil area. Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 3174 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5725 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5804 [Samuels G.J. 1987] : Roche Koutou - same area. CLAVARIACEAE Clavaria Fries : Fries Clavaria bisterigmatica R.H.Petersen & R. Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.098 [Petersen R.H. & Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE TENN). FAVOLASCHIACEAE 47 Favolaschia (Patouillard)Patouillard *Favolaschia auriscalpium (Montagne) Hennings -Leprieur 961 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Laschia) ; Dennis 1970:44 ; Singer 1974:31 Favolaschia fendleri Singer -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3271 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon ; Track to Montagne Tortue. GANODERMATACEAE Amauroderma Murmill Amauroderma auriscalpium (Persoon)Patouillard -Samuels G. & Feuillet C. 4465 [Farr M.L. 1986] : Montagne de Kaw. Amauroderma omphalodes (Berkeley)Torrend -Jacquemin H. 1978 : Route Nationale RN 2. Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & Nees: Fr.)Torrend -Leprieur 862 ; cited in Montagne (sub.nom. Polyporus). *Amauroderma schomburgkii (Patouillard)Torrend -Leprieur without n° ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus schomburgkii) ; Ryvarden 1981 (type of Polyporus heteromorphus Lév. = Amauroderma schomburgkii) Ganoderma P. Karsten *Ganoderma australe (Fries : Fries)Patouillard -Leprieur 584 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) (doubtful) *Ganoderma fornicatum (Fries)Patouillard -Leprieur 857, 860 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) (doubtful) Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch)Atkinson -Jacquemin H. 1939 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. Ganoderma lucidum (Leysser : Fries)P. Karsten ~ Jacquemin H. 1979 : Route Nationale RN 2. Ganoderma multiplicatum (Montagne)Patouillard Jacquemin H. 2530 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Ganoderma oerstadii (Fries)Torrend -Jacquemin H. 1911 : Crique Matakine- ? - Oyapock River high basin. acquemin H. 2196 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. JJacquemin H. 2748 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2768 : Piste de Saint-Elie. Ganoderma opacum (Berkeley & Montagne)Patouillard Jacquemin H. 2039 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Ganoderma testaceum (Léveillé)Patouillard Jacquemin H. 1981 : Route Nationale RN 2. Jacquemin H. 2038 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Jacquemin H. 2195 : Montagne du Mahury - Ca-yenne. Jacquemin H. 2202 : Piste de Saint-Elie. Jacquemin H. 2747 : same loc. -Jac-quemin H. 2884 : same loc. ~VJacquemin H. 2475 : Crique Malmanoury - Coastal area. Jacquemin H. 2536 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. - Jacquemin H. 2656 : same loc. JJac-quemin H. 2658 : same loc. Jacquemin H. 2812 : same loc. -Jacquemin H. 2723 : same loc. Jacquemin H. 2584 : Commune de Montsinéry - Cayenne area. Jacquemin H. 2662: Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. - 48 Jacquemin H. 2694 : same loc. . - Jacquemin H. 2784 : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Jacquemin H. 2797 : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. Ganoderma tornatum (Persoon)Bresadola Jacquemin H. 1939 bis : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2448 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Haddowia Steyaert * Haddowia longipes (Léveillé)Steyaert ~ -Léveillé 853 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) ; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980:93 ; Ryvarden 1981:182 (type) GOMPHACEAE Gloeocantharellus Singer Gloeocantharellus corneri (Singer)R.H. Petersen -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2942 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. Gomphus Persoon *Gomphus viridis (Patouillard)Singer -cited in Corner 1966:178 HYMENOCHAETACEAE Coltricia S.F.Gray *Coltricia fragilissima (Montagne)Ryvarden -Leprieur 951 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) ; Ryvarden 1982:78 *Coltricia spathulata (Hooker)Murmill -Leprieur 939 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus multiformis) ; Ryvarden 1982:80 (type of Polyporus multiformis) Cyclomyces Fries *Cyclomyces fuscus Fries -Leprieur 938 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus campyloporus) ; Ryvarden 1982:76 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus campyloporus) *Cyclomyces todinus (Montagne)Patouillard -Leprieur 532 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) ; Ryvarden 1982:78 Hymenochaete Léveillé *Hymenochaete berkeleyana (Montagne) Cooke -Leprieur without n° (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Stereum) ; Dennis 1970:87 * Hymenochaete rheicolor (Montagne)Léveillé -Leprieur 912 ; cited in Montagne (sub nom. Stereum) Inonotus P.Karsten *Inonotus splitbergeri (Montagne)Ryvarden -Leprieur without n° ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) Phellinus Quélet *Phellinus gilvus (Schweinitz)Patouillard -Leprieur 423, 539 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus omalopilus) ; Ry- varden 1982:80 (type of P.omalopilus) 49 var. licnoides (Montagne)Comer -Leprieur 685 (HOLOTYPE PC), 937, 949, 965 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus licnoides) Stipitochaete Ryvarden *Stipitochaete damaecornis (Link)Ryvarden -Leprieur 541 ; cited in Montagne (sub nom. Stereum damaecornis and Thelephora speciosa). Stipitochaete reniformis (Fries)Ryvarden -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.014 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.579 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. LACHNELLACEAE Rectipilus Agerer Rectipilus confertus (Burt)Agerer -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2947 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Saut Mais - Saiil area. LACHNOCLADIACEAE Lachnocladium Léveillé *Lachnocladium tubulosum (Fries) Léveillé -Leprieur 475 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria) ; Dennis 1970:93 (sub nom. Ramaria). LENTARIACEAE Lentaria Corner *] entaria mucida (Persoon : Fries)Corner -Leprieur 909 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria) * entaria surculus (Berkeley)Corner -Leprieur 898, 900, 903 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria furcellata). - Leprieur 901 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria surculus). PODOSCYPHACEAE Aquascypha Reid Aquascypha hydrophora (Berkeley)Reid -Jacquemin H. 2167 : Ile d' Antecume Pata - Litani River basin. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2736 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. - Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2737 [Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 1990] : same loc. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6161 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J. de, Allorge L. & al. 5852 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : Roche Koutou - same area. Cotylidia P. Karsten Cotylidia spectabilis (Léveillé)Courtecuisse R. nov.comb. Basionyme = Thelephora spectabilis Léveillé 18434 Ann.Sci.Nat., Bot. II,2:206 = Cotylidia aurantiaca (Persoon) Whelden (invalid : Thelephora aurantiaca Persoon 1827, basionym of this combination is preoccupied by Thelephora aurantiaca (Persoon)Persoon 1801) 50 Jacquemin H. 2062 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Cymatoderma Junghuhn *Cymatoderma dendriticum (Persoon)Reid -Broadway W.E. 602 : Cayenne. Podoscypha Patouillard Podoscypha brasiliensis Reid -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.264 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - - Approuague basin. *Podoscypha macrorhiza (Léveillé)Patouillard -cited in Reid 1965:193 Podoscypha nitidula (Berkeley)Patouillard Jacquemin H. 2326 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Stereopsis Reid Stereopsis hiscens (Berkeley & Ravenel)Reid Jacquemin H. 2318 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village- Oyapock River high basin. *Stereopsis radicans (Berkeley)Reid -Leprieur 910 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Thelephora) ; Reid 1965:314 POLYPORACEAE (s.1.) Ceriporia Donk *Ceriporia spissa (Schweinitz)Rajchenberg -Leprieur 1065 ; cited in Montagne 1854 sub nom. Polyporus cruentus) , Ryvarden 1982:77 (type of Polyporus cruentus) Coriolopsis Murnill *Coriolopsis asper (Junghuhn)Teng -Leprieur 1070 ; cited in Montagne (sub nom. Polyporus hostmanii). Coriolopsis occidentalis (Klotzsch)Mumill -Broadway W.E. 576 [Weir J.R.] : Cayenne. Daedalea Persoon : Fries *Daedalea aethalodes (Montagne)Rajchenberg -Leprieur 920 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus phaeoporus) ; Ryvarden 1982:80 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus phaeoporus) Datronia Donk *Datronia caperata (Berkeley)Ryvarden -Leprieur 919, 928 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) (doubtful) Earliella Murmmll Earliella scabrosa (Persoon)Gilbertson & Ryvarden Jacquemin H. 2698 : ? Echinochaete Reid Echinochaete brachypora (Montagne)Ryvarden -Leprieur 371 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) ; Ryvarden 1982:76. Samuels G.J. 3617 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Layon Grand Fossé - Saiil area. Favolus Beauvais Favolus brasiliensis (Fries:Fries)Fries -Broadway W.E. 885 [Weir J.R.] : Cayenne. Fomes (Fries)Fries 51 Fomes fasciatus (Swartz: Fries)Fries -Hariot V. [Lloyd C.G. s.n. F.marmoratus] : ? Gloeophyllum (P.Karsten)P.Karsten Gloeophyllum striatum (Swartz : Fries)Murmill Jacquemin H. 2092 : Savane Matiti - Coastal area. Hexagonia Pollini *Hexagonia hydnoides (Swartz : Fries)K.Fidalgo -Leprieur 918, 9465, 947 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Trametes) , David & Rajchenberg 1985:302 Hexagonia tenuis (Hooker)Fries -cited in Ryvarden 1982:76 (sub nom. Polyporus aculeatus -HOLOTYPE PC) -Broadway W.E. 862 (s.n.Hexagona polygramma) : Cayenne. Hydnopolyporus Reid *Hydnopolyporus fimbriatus (Fries)Reid -Leprieur 540 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) Microporellus Murrill *Microporellus dealbatus (Berkeley & Curtis)Murmill -Leprieur 941 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) *Microporellus obovatus (Junghuhn)Ryvarden -Leprieur 659, 937 bis, 1066 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus mutabilis) Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Montagne)Donk -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2814 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Piste de Saut Léodate - Cayenne area. Perenniporia Murmill *Perenniporia medulla-panis (Jacquin : Fries)Donk -Leprieur 932 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) (doubtful) Polyporus Micheli ex Fries : Fries *Polyporus dictyopus Montagne -cited in David & Rajchenberg 1985:308 Polyporus guianensis Montagne -Leprieur 201 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Ryvarden 1982:78. Jacquemin H. 1977 : Route Nationale RN 2. Polyporus leprieuri Montagne -Leprieur 203 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Ryvarden 1982:79. Jacquemin H, 2437 : Piste Saut Léodate - Cayenne area. Polyporus rhizomorphus Montagne _ -Leprieur 202 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Ryvarden 1982:81. Jacquemin H. 2032 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2660 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2846 : Montagne de Kaw. Polyporus tenuiculus (Beauvais )Fries Jacquemin H. 1996 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2273 : Colline de Bourda - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2641 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Polyporus tricholoma Montagne ay -Leprieur 365 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Ryvarden 1982:82. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.564 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. JJacquemin H. 2065 : Piste de Saint-Elie. Pycnoporus P.Karsten Pycnoporus sanguineus (Linné : Fries)Murmill -Broadway W.E. 145 : Cayenne. -Broadway W.E. 632 : Cayenne. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.119 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - - Approuague basin. -D'Halluin C. 022 [Courtecuisse R. 1993] : Cacao. -D'Halluin C. 024 [Courtecuisse R. 1993] : Cacao. acquemin H. 1949 : Colline de Bourda - Cayenne. -Jacquemin H. 2055 : Piste de Saint-Elie. Jacquemin H. 2805 : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6072 [Samuels G.J. 1987]: Ouman fou Langa Soula - Marouini River high basin. - Samuels G.J., Granville J.-J. de, Allorge L. & al. 6073 [Samuels G.J. 1990] : same loc. Pyrofomes Kotlaba & Pouzar *Pyrofomes aurantiacus David & Rajchenberg -David & Rajchenberg 1985:312 (HOLOTYPE PC). Rigidoporus Murmill *Rigidoporus microporus (Swartz : Fries)Van Overeem -Leprieur 950 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus micromegas) -Leprieur 966 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus auriformis) ; Ryvarden 1982:76 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus auriformis) *Rigidoporus ulmarius (Fries : Fries)Imazeki -Leprieur 856 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus actinobolus) ; Ryvarden 1982:76 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus actinobolus) Rigidoporus zonalis (Berkeley)Imazeki Jacquemin H. 2021 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Trametes Fries *Trametes cubensis (Montagne)Saccardo -Leprieur 927 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) Trametes elegans (Sprengel : Fries)Fries Jacquemin H. 1929 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. JJacquemin H. 1967 : Route Nationale RN 2. Jacquemin H. 2405 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Jacquemin H. 2772 : Piste de Saint-Elie. *Trametes menziesii (Berkeley)Ryvarden -Leprieur 953 ; cited in Montagne (sub nom. Polyporus diederichsenii). *Trametes modesta (Fries)Ryvarden -Leprieur 913 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) -Leprieur 855, 868 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus leiodermus) ; Ryvarden 1982:79 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus leiodermus). -Leprieur 536, 1069 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus EN OCRPOUSS Ryvarden 1982:79 (HOLOTYPE PC of Polyporus monochrous) -Leprieur 923, 806 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus brunneolus). Trametes sagraeana Montagne -Jacquemin H. 2066 : Bourg de Roura - Montagne de Kaw. Trametes versicolor (Linné : Fries)Lloyd 53 Jacquemin H. 1936 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 1989 : Trois- Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Jacquemin H. 1990 : same loc. *Trametes villosa (Hooker)Ryvarden -Leprieur 934 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus gibberulosus) , Ryvarden 1981:181 (type of Polyporus gibberulosus) Trichaptum Murmill Trichaptum byssogenum (Junghuhn)Ryvarden -Jacquemin H. 2079 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2197 : same loc. Trichaptum perrottetii (Léveillé)Ryvarden Jacquemin H. 1966 : Route Nationale RN 2. Jacquemin H. 2056 : Piste de Saint- Elie. Jacquemin H. 2637 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. *Trichaptum sector (Ehrenberg : Fries)Kreisel -Leprieur 964 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus floridanus) -Leprieur 916, 960 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Polyporus) , David 1970:317 ; David & Rajchenberg 1985:317 PTERULACEAE Pterula Fries *Pterula dilatata (Montagne)Corner -Leprieur 899 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Calocera) * Pterula taxiformis Montagne -Leprieur 908 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful) RAMARIACEAE Ramaria S.F.Gray *Ramaria acutissima (Berkeley)Cormmer -Leprieur 895 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria) -Leprieur 897 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Clavaria carbonaria) *Ramaria albocinerea (Patouillard)Corner -cited in Corner 1950:555 *Ramaria cyanocephala (Berkeley & Curtis)Corner -cited in Dennis 1970:93 *Ramaria gigantea (Patouillard)R.H. Petersen -cited in Petersen 1981:189 *Ramaria guianensis (Patouillard)Corner -Melinon 84 [Patouillard N.] : Maroni (HOLOTYPE FH) ; cited in Dennis 1970:93, Petersen 1981:75. *Ramaria insigne (Patouillard) R.H.Petersen -Melinon 104 [Patouillard N.] : Maroni (HOLOTYPE FH) ; cited in Petersen 1981:77. -Leprieur 445 ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Petersen R.H. 1981:187, 190 *Ramaria pancarribaea R.H. Petersen -see Petersen R.H. 1981:192 *Ramaria zippelii (Léveillé)Comer -cited in Petersen R.H. 1981:187, 193 54 SCHIZOPHYLLACEAE Phaeoschizophyllum W.B. Cooke * Phaeoschizophyllum leprieuri (Linder)W.B. Cooke -cited in W.B.Cooke 1961:595 Schizophyllum Fries Schizophyllum commune (Fries)Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.118 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Camp des Nouragues ; - Arataye River - Approuague basin. Jacquemin H. 2397 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. - Jacquemin H. 2581 : Commune de Montsinéry - Cayenne area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3071 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste de Paul Isnard. - Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3256 : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. *Schizophyllum umbrinum Berkeley -Leprieur 1003, 1004 ; cited in Montagne 1854 STEREACEAE Porostereum Pilat emend. Hjortstam & Ryvarden Porostereum papyrinum (Montagne)Hjortstam & Ryvarden Jacquemin H. 2355 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayamp1 village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H, 2409 : Montagne du Mahury - Cayenne. Stereum Persoon Stereum lobatum (Kunze : Fries)Fries -Leprieur 533 ; cited in Montagne 1854 THELEPHORACEAE Hydnodon Banker *Hydnodon thelephorus (Léveillé)Banker -Leprieur 914 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Thelephora padinaeformis , HOLOTYPE PC) D2b - Agaricomycetideae AGARICACEAE Chlorophyllum Massee Chlorophyllum molybdites (Meyer : Fries)Massee -Chaud J.P. 08 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. JJacquemin H. 2639 : Ile de Cayenne - Cayenne. Leucocoprinus Patouillard *L eucocoprinus squamulosus (Montagne)Pegler -Leprieur without n° (HOLOTYPE) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Hiatula) ; Pegler 1983a:418 BOLBITIACEAE Agrocybe Fayod Agrocybe broadwayi (Murrill)Dennis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3069 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Route de Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4032 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Road to Javouhey - Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Conocybe Fayod 55 Conocybe siennophylla (Berkeley & Broome)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.493 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Panaeolus (Fries) Quelet Panaeolus campanulatus (Linné : Fries)Quélet Jacquemin H. 2093 : Savane Matiti - Coastal area (doubtful). BOLETACEAE Boletinus Kalchbrenner *Boletinus decipiens (Berk. & Curt.®)Peck -Leprieur without n°, sub nom. Boletus ; cited in Montagne 1854 (doubtful) Fistulinella P.Hennings Fistulinella venezuelae (Singer & Digilio)Singer -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2800 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Macouria, near road D5 - road from Tonate to Montsinery. Pulveroboletus Murmll Pulveroboletus brachyspermus Pegler -Rossman A.Y. 4487 [ Pegler D.N. 1988 ] : ? COPRINACEAE Coprinus (Persoon)S.F.Gray Coprinus lagopus (Persoon:Fries)Fries -Rossman A.Y. 3303 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : ? *Coprinus mirabilis Montagne -cited in Montagne 1854 ; Pegler 1983a:474 Coprinus plicatilis (Curt.:Fries)Fries -Rossman A.Y. 3328 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; trail to Vidal old farm. Psathyrella (Fries)Quelet Psathyrella annulosa Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.689 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. CREPIDOTACEAE Galerina Earle Galerina pectinata (Saccardo)R.Courtecuisse nov.comb. Basionyme = Naucoria pectinata Berk.& Curt.—Saccardo 1887 Syll.Fung.5:856, based on Agaricus pectinatus Berk. & Curt. 1868 J.Linn.Soc. 10:291, non Schw. 1822 = Galerina subpectinata (Murmill) Smith & Singer 1964 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.100 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Pyrrhoglossum Singer Pyrrhoglossum stipitatum Singer -Sipman H. 31800 [Courtecuisse R. 1992] : Satil. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.460 [Courtecuisse R. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. 56 DERMOLOMATACEAE Dennisiomyces Singer Dennisiomyces griseus (Dennis)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.122 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Oudemansiella Spegazzini Oudemansiella canarii (Junghuhn)Von Hohnel -Chaud J.P. 13 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.001 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Cayenne - Quartier Chaton. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.397 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -D'Halluin C. 005 [Courtecuisse R. 1993] : Acarouany. ENTOLOMATACEAE Entoloma (Fries)Kummer Entoloma lycopersicum Horak & Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.143 [Horak E. 1992] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Entoloma tucuchense Dennis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2941 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Saut Mais, 17 km E of Satil - Saiil area. Rhodocybe R. Maire Rhodocybe testacea Dennis -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3292 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon ; Track to Montagne Tortue. HYGROPHORACEAE Hygroaster Singer Hygroaster nodulisporus (Dennis)R. Singer © -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.043 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe (Fries) Kummer Hygrocybe cheilocystidiata Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.593 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). *Hygrocybe firma (Berkeley & Broome)R. Singer -cited in Heim 1967:18 Hygrocybe guianensis Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.399 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Hygrocybe hypohaemacta (Corner)Pegler -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.465 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe lilacinella Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.168 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Hygrocybe martinicensis Pegler & Fiard we af -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3179 [Pegler D.N.] : Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie - 70 km E of Cayenne. Hygrocybe miniata (Fries : Fries)Kummer -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3254 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. -Rossman A.Y. 3308 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Piste de Saut Leodate. Hygrocybe nigrescens var.brevispora (Dennis)Pegler -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3272 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon -Track to Montagne Tortue. -Rossman A.Y. 4029 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Road to Javouhey - Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Hygrocybe nouraguensis Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.048 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Hygrocybe occidentalis (Dennis)Pegler -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.045 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe siparia (Berkeley)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.398 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.545 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : same loc. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.545 bis [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : same loc. Hygrocybe sp.-1 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.230 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe sp.-2 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.349 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe sp.-3 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.408 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe sp.-4 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.438 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe sp.-5 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.054 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hygrocybe subflavida (Murrill)Pegler -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.437 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Station de l'Arataye Arataye River - Approuague basin. we we we we MARASMIACEAE Chaetocalathus R. Singer Chaetocalathus liliputianus (Montagne)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.625 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2874 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Crique Cochon - Saiil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2877 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Crique Cochon to Plateau La Douane - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4079 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Piste de Paul Isnard - 20 km 58 from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. -Samuels G.J., Granville J.J.de, Allorge L., Hahn W. & Hoff M.5763[Halling R.E. 1992] : 2km N of Oumanfou Langa Soula - Marouini river high basin. Collybia (Fries : Fries) Kummer *Collybia neotropica Singer -Leprieur 973 (HOLOTYPE PC Marasmius longipes) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius longipes) ,; Dennis 1951:449 (sub nom. Collybia longipes) *Collybia plectophylla (Montagne)Singer -Leprieur 309 (HOLOTYPE PC) 1045 a 1048 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Dennis 1951:474 (sub nom. Dictyoploca) *Collybia polygramma (Montagne)Dennis -Leprieur 1039 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Dennis 1951:447 ; Pegler 1983a:162 Collybia syringea Singer -Rossman A.Y. & C.Feuillet 3358 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Macouria - Piste de Saut Leodate. Crinipellis Patouillard Crinipellis eggersii Patouillard -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.442 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Crinipellis septotricha Singer (fo.) - -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.616 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. *Crinipellis urbica (Montagne ®)Dennis -Leprieur 989 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Singer 1976:15 Filoboletus P. Hennings ~ Filoboletus gracilis (Klotzsch in Berkeley)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.101 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Camp des Nouragues ;_ Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.181 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. Jacquemin H. 2655 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2711 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Jacquemin H, 2720 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3291 [Pegler D.N. » 1988] : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. Hydropus (Kthner)ex Singer Hydropus bisporus Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.163 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Hydropus nigritus (Berkeley & Curtis)Singer -Rossman A.Y. 3338 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; trail to Vidal old farm. -Rossman A.Y. 3339 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; trail to Vidal old farm. Hydropus terrae-firmae Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.271 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Lactocollybia Singer *Lactocollybia holophaea (Montagne)Singer ov -Leprieur 987 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius), Singer 1970:63 (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Pegler 1983a:96 Lentinula Earle *Lentinula boryana (Berkeley & Montagne)Pegler -Leprieur 980, 981 (HOLOTYPE PC Panus leprieuri) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Panus leprieuri) -Leprieur 982 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Agaricus ixodes) ; Pegler 1983a:158 ; Pegler 1983b:242 (sub nom. Lentinus ixodes), 243 (sub nom. Lentinus leprieuri) Marasmiellus Murmill Marasmiellus defibulatus Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.027 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmiellus incrustatus Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.050 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmiellus nigripes (Schweinitz ® Fries)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.008 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.138 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : same loc. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.187 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.296 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : same loc. *Marasmiellus rubellus (Montagne)Singer -Leprieur 993 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Singer 1973:138 *Marasmiellus sp. -Leprieur 1061 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Panus rubicundus) ; Pegler 1983b:255 ; Marasmiellus stenophylloides (Dennis)Dennis -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.173 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. *Marasmiellus stenophyllus (Montagne)Singer -Leprieur 1012 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Agaricus) -Leprieur 1029 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Singer 1973:37 ; Pegler 1983a:150 (sub nom. Marasmius) Marasmiellus troyanus (Murmill)Dennis fo. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.002 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Cayenne - Quartier Chaton. Marasmiellus volvatus Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.094 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmius Haller *Marasmius actinopus Montagne -Leprieur without n° (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1951:425, Singer 1976:241 Marasmius atrorubens (Berkeley)Berkeley -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.053 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.170 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : same loc. 60 Marasmius cladophyllus Berkeley -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.135 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. *Marasmius ferrugineus (Berkeley®)Berkeley & Curtis -Leprieur 1025 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Marasmius fulviceps Berkeley -Leprieur 1079 ; cited in Montagne 1854 *Marasmius griseoroseus (Montagne)Dennis -Leprieur 1018 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Agaricus) ; Singer 1976:256 ; Pegler 1983a:230 *Marasmius guianensis Montagne -Leprieur 995 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1951:417 ; Singer 1976:146 ; Pegler 1983a:204 Marasmius haedinus Berkeley var, minor Dennis ~Jacquemin H. 2679 : Route de Belizon - R.N. 2. Marasmius haematocephalus (Montagne)Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.009 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmius helvolus Berkeley -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.052 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmius leoninus Berkeley -Rossman A.Y. 4030 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : ? *Marasmius montagneanus Singer -Leprieur 990, 1023 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius haematocephalus) ; Singer 1976:219 *Marasmius niveus Montagne -Leprieur 1038 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Dennis 1951:434 ;. Singer 1976:276 ; Pegler 1983a:211 Marasmius pallescens Murrill -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3234 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. Marasmius poecilus Berkeley -Rossman A.Y. 3342 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; trail to Vidal old farm. *Marasmius polycladus Montagne -Leprieur without n° (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Singer 1976:135 Marasmius proletarius Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3081 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Route de Paul Isnard - Paul Isnard area. | Marasmius pusio Berkeley & Curtis -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3152[Pegler D.N. 1988] : Montagne Cacao, Piste Coralie - 70 km E from Cayenne. Marasmius radicellicola Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.401 [Courtecuisse R. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. 61 Marasmius rhabarbarinus Berkeley -Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3367 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Montagne de Kaw. *Marasmius rubricosus Montagne -Leprieur 1924 p.p. (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Singer 1976:170 (type not found). Marasmius rufescens Berkeley & Broome -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E.2891 [Pegler D.N. 1987 s.n.M.tenuissimus] : Crique Cochon - Saiil area. Marasmuus splitbergeri (Montagne)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.006 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Marasmius tageticolor Berkeley -Rossman A.Y, & Feuillet C. 3149 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Montagne Cacao - Piste Coralie, 70 km E of Cayenne. Mycena Persoon *Mycena tesselata (Montagne)Dennis -Leprieur 1044 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Marasmius) ; Dennis 1951:474 (sub nom. Dictyoploca) ; Pegler 1983a:261 Mycena trichocephala Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.133 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Physalacria Peck Physalacria sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2809 [Seifert K.A.] : Macouria, road from Tonate to Montsinéry. Trogia Fries *Trogia buccinalis (Montagne)Patouillard -Leprieur 1063 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Cantharel- lus) ; Corner 1966:200 ; Pegler 1983a:157 Trogia cantharelloides (Montagne)Patouillard -Leprieur 1041 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Panus). -Rossman A.Y.& Feuillet C. 3220 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - Trail to Vidal old farm, 15 km from Cayenne. -Rossman A.Y. 3357 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Rémiré - 15 km from Cayenne ; trail to Vidal old farm. Xeromphalina Kihner & Maire Xeromphalina tenuipes (Schweinitz)A.H. Smith -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2985 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Montagne La Fu- mée - Saiil area. PLEUROTACEAE Lentinus Fries Lentinus bertieri (Fries : Fries)Fries -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.076 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Jacquemin H. 2406 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2766 : Piste de Saint-Elie. Lentinus concavus (Berkeley)P. Hennings 62 -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3023 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Layon Galbao - Saiil area. Lentinus crinitus (Linnaeus : Fries)Fries Jacquemin H. 2168 : Ile d' Antecume Pata - Litani River basin. *Lentinus fasciatus Berkeley -cited in Pilat 1936:125 (sub nom. Lentinus tigrinus var.holopogonius = L.pergamenus Lév. in herb.Berlin-Dahlem) : Cayenne. Lentinus striatulus Léveillé -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.106 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. *Lentinus strigosus (Schweinitz)Fries -Leprieur 853bis ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Pegler 1983a:35 ; Pegler 1983b:125 Lentinus swartzii Berkeley Jacquemin H. 2064 : Piste de Saint-Elie. *Lentinus tephroleucus Montagne -Leprieur 974 (HOLOTYPE PC L.leprieuri) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. L.leprieuri) ; Pegler 1977:30 (sub nom. L.leprieuri) ; Pegler 1983a:32 (sub nom. L.leprieurt) ; Pegler 1983b:154 *7 entinus velutinus Fries -Leprieur without n° ; cited in Montagne 1854 ; Pegler 1983b:149 -Leprieur 975, 976 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. L.zonatus) Nothopanus Singer Nothopanus hygrophanus (Montagne)Pegler -Leprieur 1106 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Panus). -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.183 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Pleurotus (Fries) Quélet Pleurotus djamor (Rumphrey : Fries)Boedijn -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.123 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; ~ Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.643 [Courtecuisse R. 1990] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2872 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Crique Cochon et Plateau La Douane - Saiil area. - Rossman A.Y. & Feuillet C. 3300 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Piste de Saut Leodate. - Rossman A.Y. 4034 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Piste Balaté - 12 km from Saint-Laurent- du-Maroni. Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin : Fries)Kummer Jacquemin H. 2779 : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. PLUTEACEAE Chamaeota (W.G. Smith)Earle Chamaeota subolivascens Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.428 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Pluteus Fries Pluteus aethalus (Berkeley & Curtis)Saccardo 63 -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.374 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ,; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.445 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : same loc. Pluteus albostipitatus (Dennis)Singer ex Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.547 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Pluteus fluminensis Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.300 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Pluteus sapiicola Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.158 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.220 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : same loc. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.615 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : same loc. Pluteus sergii Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.427 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Volvariella Spegazzini Volvariella minutella Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.289 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Volvariella perciliata Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.360 [Courtecuisse R. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). RUSSULACEAE Lactarius De Candolle Lactarius epitheliosus Buyck & Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.217 [Buyck B. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Russula Persoon Russula hygrophytica Pegler -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.618 [Buyck B. 1991] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.650 [Buyck B. 1991] : same loc. Russula moyersoni Buyck var. brunnea Buyck & Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.160 [Buyck B. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). Russula violaceotunicata Buyck & Courtecuisse -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.539 [Buyck B. 1991] : Station de l'Arataye ; Arataye River - Approuague basin (HOLOTYPE PC). STROPHARIACEAE Psilocybe (Fries)Kummer Psilocybe coprophila (Bull.:Fries)Kummer -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 4031 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Road to Javouhey - Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Psilocybe cubensis (Earle)Singer 64 Jacquemin H. 2229 : Savane Matiti - Coastal area. TRICHOLOMATACEAE Asterotus Singer *Asterotus dealbatus (Berkeley)Singer -Leprieur 957 (sub nom. Panus bicolor) ; see Thom & Barron, 1986:379 ; Pegler, 1983b:223 Gerronema R. Singer Gerronema cyathiforme (Berkeley & Curtis)Singer Jacquemin H. 2000 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. Gerronema tenue Dennis -Rossman A.Y.& Feuillet C. 3253 [Pegler D.N. 1988] : Route de Belizon - Track to Montagne Tortue. Hohenbuehelia Schulzer Hohenbuehelia paragayensis (Spegazzini)Singer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.026 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.115 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : same loc. Panellus P.Karsten Panellus pusillus (Persoon) Burdsall & O.K. Miller -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.023 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.563 [Courtecuisse R. 1988] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - same area. Tricholoma (Fries)Queélet Tricholoma crassum (Berkeley)Saccardo Jacquemin H. 2259 : Route Nationale RN 2. -Jacquemin H. 2260 : Route Nationale RN2. Tricholomopsis Singer Tricholomopsis atrogrisea Pegler -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2981 [Pegler D.N. 1987] : Mont La Fumeée - Saiil area. D2c - Gasteromycetideae CLATHRACEAE Clathrus Micheli ex Persoon : Persoon *Clathrus crispus Turpin -Leprieur 1086 ; cited in Montagne 1854 GEASTRACEAE Geastrum Persoon Geastrum lageniforme Vittadini -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.155 [Courtecuisse R. 1989] : Camp des Nouragues ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. *Geastrum mirabile Montagne -Leprieur 843 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (type) Geastrum saccatum (Fries)Ed. Fischer 65 Jacquemin H. 2041 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2041 bis : same loc. Geastrum velutinum Morgan -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.463 [Mornand J. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.519 [Mornand J. 1992] : same loc. LYCOPERDACEAE Disciseda Czern. *Disciseda cervina (Berkeley)Hollos -Leprieur 878 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Bovista) Lycogalopsis Ed.Fischer Lycogalopsis solmsii Ed. Fischer -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.203 [Mornand J. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Lycoperdon Tournefort : Persoon Lycoperdon fuligineum Berkeley & Broome -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.464 [Mornand J. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. NIDULARIACEAE Cyathus Haller : Persoon Cyathus helenae Brodie -Courtecuisse R. RC/GF88.344 [Mornand J. 1992] : Saut Pararé ; Arataye River - Approuague basin. Cyathus limbatus Tulasne Jacquemin H. 2005 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2268 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. Jacquemin H. 2458 : Saut Mais - Saiil area. Cyathus plicatus Fries -Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 4359 [Samuels G.J. & Searwar P. 1990] : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. PHALLACEAE Dictyophora Desvaux *Dictyophora indusiata (Ventenat : Persoon) E.Fischer -Leprieur 838 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Phallus radicatus) -Leprieur 839 ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Phallus indusiatus) Staheliomyces Ed. Fischer Staheliomyces cinctus Ed. Fischer Jacquemin H. 2034 : Trois-Sauts ; Wayampi village - Oyapock River high basin. - Jacquemin H. 2701 : Mont Cabassou - Cayenne. -Samuels G.J. 3418 [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Montagne La Fumée - Satil area. -Samuels G.J. & Boise J.R. 2694a [Samuels G.J. 1986] : Commune de Saiil - Saiil area. Xylophallus (Schlecht. )Ed.Fischer *Xylophallus xylogenus (Montagne)Schlecht. -Leprieur 840 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Phallus) ; Dennis 1970:5 66 SCLERODERMATACEAE Scleroderma Persoon : Persoon Scleroderma sinnamariense Montagne -Leprieur 386 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 INCERTAE SEDIS Aecidium Persoon (Basidiomycotina ; Uredinales) Aecidium cordiae P.Hennings -Broadway W.E. BPI 906. Karschia Kérber (Ascomycotina ; Dothideales) Karschia sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3077 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste Paul Isnard. Karschia sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3089 : Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni - Piste Paul Isnard. : Karschia sp. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 3090 [Haines J.H.] : Saint-Laurent-du- Maroni - Piste Paul Isnard. Laboulbeniopsis Thaxter (Ascomycotina) *Laboulbeniopsis termitarius Thaxter -cited in Blackwell & Ross, 1986:588 Macrovalsaria Petrak (Ascomycotina ; Dothideales) *Macrovalsaria megalospora (Montagne)Sivanesan -Leprieur 239, 240 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Sphae- ria) ; Sivanesan, 1975:401 Mycosyrinx Beck (Basidiomycotina ; Ustilaginales) Mycosyrinx cissi Beck -Broadway W.E. 164 : Cayenne. Rhizomorpha Roth ex Fries (?) Rhizomorpha corynephora (Roth ex Fries)O.Kunze -Billiet F. & Jadin B. 1948 : Lieu-Dit Citron - Paul Isnard area. Jacquemin H. 2786 : Commune de Saiil - Satil area. -Rossman A.Y., Feuillet C. & Skog L.E. 2899 : Crique Cochon & Plateau La Douane - Saiil area. Rhodoarrhenia R. Singer (Basidiomycotina) Rhodoarrhenia pensilis (Berkeley & Curtis)Pegler Jacquemin H. 1959 : Route Nationale RN 2. Jacquemin H. 2184 : Colline de Bourda - Cayenne. Triblidium Rebentisch (Ascomycotina, Triblidiaceae) *Triblidium cruentatum (Montagne)Sherwood -Leprieur 805 (HOLOTYPE PC) ; cited in Montagne 1854 (sub nom. Stictis) ; Sherwood 1977:169 Uredo Persoon (Basidiomycotina ; Uredinales) Uredo scleriae DeCandolle -? : Cayenne. 67 DOUBTFUL The following list gathers the species with present uncertain taxonomical identity, collections not yet revised and questionnable, old citations from litterature for doubtful species to be hopefully collected again, species probably present in French Guiana but with reference not found so far. The doubtful taxa from Montagne 1854 are given with the Leprieur herbarium number into brackets. Other herbarium or litterature indications are eventually added. Agaricus (Mycena) alborubellus Montagne (1006) (combined under Pluteus by Patouillard, but according to Singer, 1965, does not belong in that genus) ; A.campestris L.:Fries (752) ; A.collecticus Montagne (1034) ; A.(Psathyra) cubosporus Montagne (1084) ; A.(Psathyrella) cultriger Montagne (1001, 1015) ; A.(Psathyrella) fulvipes Montagne (1035) ; A.(Psathyra) gastrodes Montagne (1005); A.(Omphalia) griseolutescens Monta-gne (1040) ; A.(Collybia) griseo- rubens Montagne (970, 1008) ; A.(Mycena) haematochrous Montagne (968) ; A.hortensis Montagne (1011) ; A.(Psathyrella) hortulanus Montagne (1008, 1014) ; A.(Mycena) leptopilus Montagne (1017) ; A.mirabilis Montagne (1059) ; A.(Psathyra) oenochrous Montagne (1083) ; A.(Lepiota) pilosiuscula Montagne (1028) ; A.(Psathyra) sequatorius Montagne (979) ; A.(Omphalia) spodoides Montagne (1033, 1052). Agrocybe pediades (1030 s.n. Agaricus (Naucoria) alboluteus) (see Watling & Gregory, 1981:47) ; A.praecox (998 s.n. Agaricus). Antennaria tropica Montagne (687). Ascospora phomatoides Montagne (440). Asterina labecula Montagne (664). Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.)Wettstein (without n°) ; A.mesenterica (1051). Calocera cornea (1076) ; C.delicata Fries (without n°) ; C.glossoides Fries (906). Cenangium aequinoctiale Montagne (1343). Cheilaria melanoplaca Montagne (1125, 1126). Clavaria brasiliensis Léveillé (904, 1413) ; C.nivea L.C.M.Richard. Clavulina amethystea (892, s.n. Clavaria) ; C.cristata (893, s.n. Clavaria). Clavulinopsis corniculata (902, s.n. Clavaria fastigiata). Coltricia perennis (1064, s.n. Polyporus). Conocybe umbellula (Montagne)Singer 1955 (978, s.n. Agaricus (Galera) umbellula _ Montagne ; see Watling & Gregory, 1981). Cordyceps strangulans Montagne (1146) (or "strangulatus"). -Cortolopsis sprucei (Berk. )Roy & Mitra ? Coriolus velutinus Berkeley & Curtis (Jacquemin H., 2447). Corticium caulium Berk. & Curt. (963). 68 Craterellus cornucopioides (1077). Diatrype erinaea Montagne (396) ; D.radicalis (Sch.)Fries (392) ; D.stellulata Fries (1172). Dothidea acrocomiae Montagne (1156) ; D.phylloplacus Montagne (1152). Enslinia leprieuri Montagne (887). Ganoderma resinaceum Boudier ? Geastrum scleroderma Montagne (1089). Graphiola phoenicis Poiteau (664). Hendersonia heliconia Montagne (1123). Hexagona aculeata Montagne (without n°) ; H.aculeata fo.glabrata ? (coll. W.E. Broadway, Cayenne ; Det.G.Bresadola in herb.Bresadola, J.R.Weir 21800, Farlow 862) ; H.papyracea Berkeley ? Hiatula lignifraga Montagne (985). Hirneola lancicula Montagne (1087). Hygrocybe conica (Scop.:Fries) (1082, s.n. Hygrophorus). Hygrophorus maroniensis Heim (Heim, 1967). Hypochnus nigrocinctus Ehr. (248). Hypocrea phyllogena Montagne (588, 1121) ; H.rufa Fries (881, 882). Hypocreopsis xylariicola Samuels. Hypolyssus montagnei Berk. (without n°). Hypoxylon anthracodes Fries (222, 379, 1187) ; H.arecarium Bory (432) ; H.asphal- tum Link (436, 1183) ; H.coenopus Fries (387, 400, 425, 430, 1164) ; H.comaropsis Montagne (368) ; H.endoxanthum Montagne (1171) = Xylaria sp. ; H.exsurgens Montagne (1181), see Rogers & al, 1994:689 ; H.incrustans Montagne (1137, 1138) ; H.macromphalum Montagne (1168) ; H.macrospermum Montagne (255) ; H. microstictum Montagne (293) ; H. phoenix Kunze (1175) ; H.porosum Montagne C177); Hysterium foliicolum Fries (1373). Lemalis mangiferae Montagne (389). Lembosia catervaria Montagne (1132, 1154). Leocarpus melaleucus Montagne (880). Lepiota clypeolaria (without n°, s.n. Agaricus). Leucoagaricus cepaestipes (1054, s.n. Agaricus). Lysurus cruciatus (Leprieur & Montagne)Ed.Fischer ? Marasmius (Collybia) congregatus Montagne (1081) ; A4.(Collybia) decurrens Mon- tagne (984) ; M.(Collybia) dispar Montagne (991) (illeg.: non Batsch) ; 4.(Colly- bia) gamophyllus Montagne (997) ; M.(Collybia) rugatus Montagne (969). Micropeltis applanata Montagne ? ; M.marginata Montagne (1134). Midotis heteromera Montagne (534). Mycena pura (1031, s.n. Agaricus). Naematelia granulosa (1088). Nectria coccinea (Persoon:Fries)Fries (1170) ; N.episphaeria (Tode:Fries)Fries (255) ; N. sanguinea Sibthorp (582). *Neotyphula guianensis Wakefield ? Panaeolus papilionaceus (1058). Pemphidium nitidum Montagne (391). Peziza applanata Hedw. (without n°) ; P.hindsii Berk. (without n°). 69 Phacidium phomatoides Montagne (440) (see DiCosmo & al.). Phanerochaete crassa (Léveillé)Burdsall ? Polyporus (Lenti) agariceus Berk. (952) ; P.extensus Berk.in herb. (Herb.Mon- tagne ; Cayenne) ; P.fibrosoradiatus Montagne (Bres. herb.) ; P.(Petaloides) gram- mocephalus var.cayennensis Montagne (without n°) ; P.(Dichrot) gilvus var. scabrorugosus Berk. (961) ; P.(Impoliti) nitidus var.croceus (142) ; P.(Impoliti) tristiusculus Montagne (without n°). Poronia heliscus Montagne (252). Pyronema omphalodes (Bull.)Fuckel (888, s.nPeziza). Ramaria formosa (896, s.n.Clavaria). Resupinatus striatulus (983, s.n. Agaricus). Rhytisma astrocaryi Montagne (1120, 1147) ; R.gyrosum Montagne (1143, 1148) ; R. myrciae Montagne (1140). Rosellinia mammiformis (Persoon:Fnes)Cesati & DeNotaris (without n°, s.n.Sphaeria). Sacidium mauritiae Montagne (1140). Sphaeria clivulosa Montagne (without n°) ; S.fusariispora Montagne (1122) ; S.nitidula Montagne (1118, 1127) ; S.oedema Montagne (346) ; S.pseudobombarda Montagne (370) ; S.rhaphidosperma Montagne (375) ; S.schizostoma Montagne (without n°) ; S.sulcigena Montagne (without n°) ; S.trichodes Montagne (581) ; S. uberina Montagne (without n°). Sphaeropsis paradisiaca Montagne (1124). Stictis microsticta (1131) (see Sherwood 1977) ; S.variolosa Montagne (1336) (see Sherwood 1977). Thamnomyces rostratus Montagne fouihout Tie): Thelephora nigella Montagne (without n°) ; 7. liliputiana Montagne (658). Trametes beyrichii Fries (931). Xylaria.apeibae Montagne (1207) ; .collabens Montagne (407, 409) ; ..colum- nifera Montagne (1125, 1127) ; X.globosa Spreng. (227, 228) ; X.gomphus Fnes (1215) ; X.hyperythra Montagne (414 p.p., 1201) ; .¥.myosurus Montagne (1412) 5 X. rhizomorpha Montagne (234) ; XY. ruginosa Montagne (without n°). INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES: Acanthonitschkia Spegazzini 32 Acrodictys M.B.Ellis 7 Acrostroma Seifert 7 Aecidium Persoon 66 Agaricus L.:Fries 67 Agrocybe Fayod 54, 67 Aleuria (Fries) Fuckel 42 Amauroderma Murmill 47 Amphisphaeria Cesati & deNotaris 16 Angelina Fries 40 Antennaria Link 67 Aphelaria Comer 46 Apiocamarops Samuels & Rogers 17 Aquascypha Reid 49 Arachnocrea Moravec 18 Arcyria Wiggers 6 Arthridium Kunze 7 Ascospora Fries 67 Asterina Léveillé 67 Asterotus Singer 64 Astrocystis Berkeley & Broome 35 Astrosphaeriella H. Sydow & Sydow 13 Athelia Persoon 46 Auerswaldia Saccardo 9 Auricularia Bulliard 44, 67 Batistia Cifern 16 70 Beriesiella Saccardo 10 Bertia De Notaris 32 Bisporella Saccardo 41 Boletinus Kalchbrenner 55 Botryosphaeria Cesati & De Notaris 9 Byssosphaeria M.C. Cooke 11 Calocera (Fries : Fries) Fries 44, 67 Calonectria De Notaris 18 Calosphaeria L.R. & C. Tulasne 17 Calyculosphaeria Fitzpatrick 33 Camarops P.Karsten 17 Camillea Fnes 35 Cantharellus Adanson : Fries 46 Capronia Saccardo 10 Caripia O.Kuntze 46 Cenangium Fries 67 Ceratiomyxa Schroeter 3 Ceriporia Donk 50 Chaetocalathus Singer 57 Chaetopsina Rambelli 7 Chaetospermum Saccardo 7 Chaetosphaerella Miller & Booth 34 Chaetosphaeria L.R. & C.Tulasne 34 Chamaeota (W.G. Smith) Earle 62 Cheilaria 67 Chlorophyllum Massee 54 Cyathus Haller : Persoon 65 Cyclomyces Fnes 48 Cylindrocarpon 7 Cymatoderma Junghuhn 50 Cytosphaera Diedicke 7 Dacryopinax Martin 44 Daedalea Persoon : Fries 50 Daldinia Cesati & De Notaris 36 Datronia Donk 50 Dennisiomyces Singer 56 Diaporthe Nitschke 18 Diatrype Fnes 18, 68 Diatrypella (Ces. & De Not.) De Notaris 18 Dictymium Schrader 4 Dictyophora Desvaux 65 Didymium Schrader 4 Disciseda Czern. 65 Ditiola Fnes : Fnes 44 Dothidea Fnies 68 Dysrynchis Clements 13 Earliella Muri! 50 Echinochaete Reid 50 Encoelia (Fr.:Fr.)P.Karsten 41 Endocreas Samuels & Rogerson 18 Enslinia 68 Entoloma (Fries) Kummer 56 Clathrus Micheli ex Persoon : Persoon 64 Favolaschia (Patouillard) Patouillard 47 Clavaria Fries : Fries 46, 67 Clavulina Schroeter 67 Clavulinopsis Van Overeem 67 Coccoidella Von Héhnel 10 Coccomyces De Notaris 42 Coilybia (Fries : Fries)Staude 59 Coltricia S.F.Gray 48, 67 Comatricha Preuss 5 Conocybe Fayod 54, 67 Cookeina O.Kuntze 43 Coprinus (Persoon) S.F. Gray 5 Cordierites Montagne 41 Cordyceps (Fries) Link 17, 67 Coriolopsis Murmill 50, 67 Coriolus Quélet 67 Corticium Fries 67 Cotylidia P.Karsten 49 Craterellus Fries 68 Craterium Trent. 4 Cribraria Persoon 3 Crinipellis Patouillard 58 Favolus Beauvais 50 Filoboletus P.Hennings 58 Fistulinella P.Hennings 55 Fluviostroma Samuels & Muller 35 Fomes (Fries)Fnes 50 Fuligo Haller 4 Fusarium Link 7 Gaillardiella Patouillard 33 Galerina Earle 55 Ganoderma P.Karsten 47, 68 Geastrum Persoon 64, 68 Gerronema Singer 64 Gibberella Saccardo 18 Gibellula Cavara 7 Gliocladium Corda 7 Gloeocantharellus Singer 48 Gloeophyllum (P.Karsten) P.Karsten 51 Glonium Muhlenberg : Fries 10 Gomphus Persoon 48 Graphiola 68 Haddowia Steyaert 48 Hapalopilus P.Karsten 46 Harpographium Saccardo 7 Hemitrichia Rostafinski 6 Hendersonia 68 Herpotrichia Fuckel 11 Heterochaete Patouillard 45 Heterochaetella (Bourd.)Bourd. & Galz. 45 Hexagonia Pollini 51, 68 Hiatula (Fnes)Montagne 68 Hirneola Fries 68 Hohenbuehelia Schulzer 64 Hydnodon Banker 54 Hydnopolyporus Reid 51 Hydropus (Kithner) ex Singer 58 Hygroaster Singer 56 Hygrocybe (Fnes)Kummer 56, 68 Hygrophorus Fnies 68 Hymenochaete Léveillé 48 Hymenostilbe Petch 8 Hypochnus Fries:Fnes 68 Hypocrea Fnies 18, 68 Hypocrella Saccardo 17 Hypocreopsis P.Karsten 68 Hypolyssus 68 Hypomyces (Fries)Tulasne 19 Hypoxylon Bulliard : Fries 36, 68 Hysterium Tode : Fries 68 TA Lentinus Fries 61 Leocarpus 68 Lepiota (Persoon)S.F. Gray 68 Leprieuria Laessoe, Rogers & Whalley 37 Leucocoprinus Patouillard 54, 68 Linocarpon Sydow 31 Lopharia (see Porostereum) Lophiostoma Cesati & deNotaris 11 Lycogala Adanson 5 Lycogalopsis Ed. Fischer 65 Lycoperdon Tourmefort : Persoon 65 Lysurus Fries 68 Macrovalsaria Petrak 66 Marasmiellus Mumill 59 Marasmius Haller 59, 68 Massarina Saccardo 11 Melanochaeta Muller, Harr & Sulmont 32 Melanographium Saccardo 8 Melioliphila Spegazzini 14 Microglossum Gillet 41 Micropeltis Montagne 68 Microporellus Mumill 51 Midotis Fries 68 Mycena Persoon 61, 68 Mycopepon Boise 12 Mycosyrinx Beck 66 Myrothecium Tode 8 Hysterographium Corda emend. deNotaris | Naematelia Fries : Fries 68 Immotthia Barr 10 Inonotus P.Karsten 48 Nectria (Fries) Fnes 19, 68 Nectriopsis Maire 30 Todosphaeria Samuels, Miller & Petrini 16 Neohypodiscus Rogers, Ju & Laessoe 38 Javaria Boise 14 Karschia Kérber 66 Kretzschmaria Fries 37 Laboulbeniopsis Thaxter 66 Lachnocladium Léveillé 49 Lachnum Retz. 41 Lactarius De Candolle 63 Lactocollybia Singer 58 Lambertella Von Hohnel 42 Lanzia Saccardo 42 Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everhart 8 Lasiosphaeria Cesati & De Notaris 31 Lasiosphaeriella Sivanesan 31 Lemalis Fnes 68 Lembosia Léveillé 68 Lentaria Comer 49 Lentinula Earle 59 Neotyphula Wakefield 68 Niesslia Auerswald 32 Nitschkia Otth ex P. Karsten 33 Nodulisporium Preuss 8 Nothopanus Singer 62 Ophionectria Saccardo 30 Ophiosphaerella Spegazzini 13 Ophiostoma H. & P. Sydow 34 Orbilia Fries 42 Ostropella (Saccardo)von Hohnel 12 Oudemansiella Spegazzini 56 Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin)Donk 51 Panaeolus (Fnes)Quélet 55, 68 Panellus P.Karsten 64 Pemphidium Montagne 68 Penicillifer Van Emden 8 Penicillium Link 8 ie Penzigia Saccardo 38 Russula Persoon 63 Perenniporia Mumill 51 Rutstroemia P.Karsten 42 Peristomialis (Phillips)Boudier 31 Sacidium 69 Pestalotia De Notaris 8 Sarawakus Lloyd 31 Peziza Bull.:Fries 68 Sarcopodium Ehrenberg 8 Phacidium Fnes 69 Schizophyllum Fnes 54 Phaeoschizophyllum W. B.Cooke 54 Scleroderma Persoon : Persoon 66 Phaeosphaeria I.Miyake 13 Scutellinia (Cooke)Lambotte 42 Phanerochaete P.Karsten 69 Septobasidium Patouillard 45 Phellinus Quélet 48 Sesquicillium W.Gams 8 Phillipsia Berkeley 43 Seynesia Saccardo 16 Phylacia Léveillé 38 Sinosphaeria Yue & O. Enksson 34 Phyllachora Nitzschke ex Fuckel 34 Spegazzinia Saccardo 8 Physalacria Peck 61 Sphaeria Haller 69 Physarella Peck 4 Sphaeropsis Léveillé 69 Physarum Persoon 4 Staheliomyces Ed. Fischer 65 Pleurotus (Fries)Quélet 62 Stemonitis Roth 5 Pluteus Fnes 62 Stereopsis Reid 50 Poculum Velenovsky 42 Stereum Persoon 54 Podoscypha Patouillard 50 Stictis Persoon 69 Podostroma P. Karsten 31 Stilbella Lindau 9 Polydiscidium Wakefield 41 Stipitochaete Ryvarden 49 Polyporus Micheli ex Fries : Fries 51, 69 Striatosphaeria Samuels & Muller 32 Poronia Willdenow 38, 69 Termitaria Thaxter 9 Porostereum Pilat em.Hj. & Ryv. 54 Thamnomyces Ehrenberg ex Sprengel 38, 69 Proliferodiscus Haines & Dumont 41 Thaxteria Saccardo 32 Psathyrella (Fries)Quélet 55 Theissenia Maublanc 39 Pseudohydnum P.Karsten 45 Thelephora Ehr.: Fnes 69 Psilocybe (Fries) Kummer 63 Trametes Fries 52, 69 Pterula Fries 53 Trematosphaeria Fuckel 14 Pulveroboletus Murmll 55 Tremella Persoon 45 Pulvinula Boudier 42 Triblidium Rebentisch 66 Pycnoporus P.Karsten 52 Trichaptum Murmill 53 Pyrofomes Kotlaba & Pouzar 52 Trichia Haller 6 Pyronema Carus 69 Tricholoma (Fries) Quélet 64 Pyrrhoglossum Singer 55 Tricholomopsis Singer 64 Ramaria S.F.Gray 53, 69 Trichosphaerella Bomm., Rouss. & Sacc. 32 Rectipilus Agerer 49 Trogia Fries 61 Resupinatus S.F.Gray 69 Tubercularia Tode 9 Rhagadostroma Korber 34 Tubeufia Penzig & Saccardo 14 Rhizomorpha Roth ex Fries 66 Tubifera J.F.Gmelin 5 Rhodoarrhenia Singer 66 Uredo Persoon 66 Rhodocybe R.Maire 56 Ustulina L.R. & C. Tulasne 39 Rhytidhysterion Spegazzini 13 Uvaricospora Goos & Pirozynski 9 Rhytisma Fries 69 Valetoniella Von Hoéhnel 32 Rigidoporus Murmill 52 Valsaria Cesati & De Notanis 34 Rosellinia de Notaris 69 Volvariella Spegazzini 63 Xenolophium H.Sydow 12 Aeromphalina Kithner & Maire 61 Xylaria Hill ex Greville 39, 69 768 Xylobotryum Patouillard 10 Xylocoremium 9 Xylophallus (Schlecht. )Ed.Fischer 65 EPITHETONS INDEX The epithetons in brackets are those of binomials given in the doubtful species list. abbreviatum Glonium 10 abnorme Lachnum 41 acanthostroma Nitschkia 33 acervatum Nodulisporium 8 aciculosa Stilbella 9 (acrocomiae) Dothidea 68 actinopus Marasmius 59 ° (aculeata) Hexagona 68 acutissima Ramaria 53 adscendens Xylaria 39 aenea Xylaria 39 (aequinoctiale) Cenangium 67 aethalodes Daedalea 50 aethalus Pluteus 62 (agariceus) Polyporus 69 alata Nectria 19 alba Apiocamarops \7 albocincta Ostropella 12 albocinerea Ramaria 53 (alboluteus) Agaricus 67 (alborubellus) Pluteus 67 albostipitatus Pluteus 63 aleuriata Stilbella 9 allantoidea Xylaria 39 amaurodermatis Hypomyces 19 (amethystea) Claviulina 67 andina Heterochaete 45 andinum Xylobotryum 10 anisopleura Xylaria 39 annellosynnema Acrostroma 7 annulipes Batistia 16 annulosa Psathyrella 55 anthracobia Pulvinula 42 (anthracodes) Hypoxylon 68 (apeibae) Xylaria 69 (applanata) Micropeltis 68 (applanata) Peziza 68 applanatum Xenolophium 12 arctii Diaporthe 18 (arecarium) Hypoxylon 68 aristata Xylaria 39 arundinarius Arthridium 7 asper Coriolopsis 50 (asphaltum) Hypoxylon 68 (astrocaryi) Rhytisma 69 atrogrisea Tricholomopsis 64 atrorubens Marasmius 59 atrosphaerica Xylaria 39 aurantia Tremella 45 aurantiacus Pyrofomes 52 aurantiella Tubeufia 14 aureofulva Nectria 20 auricolor Orbilia 42 (auricula-judae) Auricularia 67 auriscalpium Amauroderma 47 auriscalpium Favolaschia 47 australe Ganoderma 47 australis Hypomyces 19 axifera Xylaria 39 bacillum Leprieuria 38 balansiae Nectria 20 bambusicola Acrodictys 7 berkeleyana Hymenochaete 48 berkeleyi Peristomialis 31 berkeleyi Xylaria 39 bertiert Lentinus 61 (beyrichit) Trametes 69 bilabiata Camillea 35 bipapillatus Penicillifer 8 biporosa Camarops 17 bisporum Pseudohydnum gelatinosum v. 45 bisporus Hydropus 58 bisterigmatica Clavaria 46 bivalve Physarum 4 blumenaviensis Scutellinia 43 bogoriense Physarum 4 bombarda Tubifera 5 boryana Lentinula 59 brachypora Echinochaete 50 brachyspermus Pulveroboletus 55 74 (brasiliensis) Clavaria 67 brasiliensis Favolus 50 brasiliensis Nectria 20 brasiliensis Podoscypha 50 brevipes Hypocrea 18 brevispora Hygrocybe nigrescens var. 57 broadwayi Agrocybe 54 brunnea Russula moyersoenii var. 63 buccinalis Trogia 61 byssicola Nectria 20 byssogenum Trichaptum 53 byssotecta Nectriopsis 30 calami Nectria 20 calyculata Hemitrichia 6 calyculus Calyculosphaeria 33 campanulatus Panaeolus 55 (campestris) Agaricus 67 canarti Oudemansiella 56 cancellatum Dictydium 4 cantharelloides Trogia 61 caperata Datronia 50 (catervaria) Lembosia 68 (caulium) Corticium 67 caulium Lophiostoma 11 (cayennensis) Polypo. grammocephalus v. 69 (cepaestipes) Leucocoprinus 68 cervina Disciseda 65 chaetopsinae Nectria 20 chaetopsinae-penicillatae Nectria 21 cheilocystidiata Hygrocybe 56 chordalis Thamnomyces 38 cinctus Staheliomyces 65 cinerea Arcyria 6 cinnabarina Nectria 21 cinnamomea Nectria 21 cisst Mycosyrinx 66 cladophyllus Marasmius 60 clavulata Stilbella 9 clavus Kretzschmaria 37 clintonti Tubeufia 14 (clivulosa) Sphaeria 69 (clypeolaria) Lepiota 68 coccifera Rhagadostroma 34 (coccinea) Nectria 68 coccophora Xylaria 39 codinophora Striatosphaeria 32 (coenopus) Hypoxylon 68 colhounii Calonectria 18 (collabens) Xylaria 69 collapsa Calyculosphaeria 33 (collecticus) Agaricus 67 (columnifera) Xylaria 69 (comaropsis) Hypoxylon 68 commune Schizophyllum 54 comosa Xylaria 39 compressa Xylaria 39 compressum Physarum 4 concavus Lentinus 61 concentrica Daldinia 36 confertus Rectipulus 49 confusa Trematosphaeria 14 (congregatus) Marasmius 68 (conica) Hygrocybe 68 conostoma Penzigia 38 cookei Melanographium 8 coprophila Psilocybe 63 coralloides Calocera 44 cordiae Aecidium 66 (cornea) Calocera 67 corneri Gloeocantharellus 48 (corniculata) Clavulinopsis 67 corniformis Xylaria 39 (cornucopioides) Craterellus 68 coronata Nectria 21 coronata Termitaria 9 corticis Botryosphaeria 9 corticola Massarina 11 corynephora Rhizomorpha 66 costata Cribraria 3 (crassa) Phanerochaete 69 crassum Tricholoma 64 crinitus Lentinus 62 crispus Clathrus 64 (cristata) Clavulina 67 crocatum Poculum 42 (croceus) Polyporus nitidus var. 69 (cruciatus) Lysurus 68 crucipila Valetoniella 32 cruentatum Triblidium 66 cubensis Encoelia 41 cubensis Psilocybe 63 cubensis Trametes 52 cubensis Xylaria 39 (cubosporus) Agaricus 67 (cultriger) Agaricus 67 curta Xylaria 39 cyanocephala Ramaria 53 cyathiforme Gerronema 64 cyclisca Camillea 35 cyclopicum Hypoxylon 36 cyclops Camillea 35 cylindrothecia Tubeufia 15 cystidiophora Heterochaetella 45 damaecornis Stipitochaete 49 dealbatus Asterotus 64 dealbatus Microporellus 51 decipiens Boletinus 55 decipiens Trichosphaerella 32 (decurrens) Marasmius 68 defibulatus Marasmiellus 59 deightonii Spegazzinia 8 delicata Auricularia 44 (delicata) Calocera 67 dendriticum Cymatoderma 50 dendroideus Thamnomyces 38 dennisii Lasiosphaeriella 32 denudata Arcyria 6 deusta Ustulina 39 dictyopus Polyporus 51 dilatata Pterula 53 discedens Bisporella 41 discophora Nectria 21 (dispar) Marasmius 68 disrupta Botryosphaeria 9 djamor Pleurotus 62 eggersii Crinipellis 58 elasticae Chaetospermum 7 elegans Trametes 52 (endoxanthum) Hypoxylon 68 enterogena Xylaria 39 eperuae Podostroma 31 epidendron Lycogala 5 epimycota Nectriopsis 30 (episphaeria) Nectria 68 epitheliosus Lactarius 63 (erinaea) Diatrype 68 _ erumpens Seynesia 16 erysipheoides Niesslia 32 erythrinae Byssosphaeria 11 escholzii Daldinia concentrica var. 36 etiolata Pulvinula 42 euglypta Coccoidella 10 examinans Auerswaldia 9 exiguum Lycogala 5 i (exsurgens) Hypoxylon 68 (extensus) Polyporus 69 fasciatus Fomes 51 fasciatus Lentinus 62 favoginea Trichia 6 feejensis Xylaria 40 fendleri Favolaschia 47 ferrugineus Marasmius 60 ferruginosa Tubifera 5 (fibrosoradiatus) Polyporus 69 Jibulifera Tremella 45 fimbriata Tremella 45 fimbriatus Hydnopolyporus (& firma Hygrocybe 56 flammea Nectria 21 flavo-lanata Nectria 21 flavovirens Hypocrea 18 flocculenta Nectria 21 floridana Nitschkia 33 fluminensis Pluteus 63 foliicola Nectria 22 (foliicolum) Hysterium 68 (formosa) Ramaria 69 formosus Dacryopinax 44 fornicatum Ganoderma 47 fossulata Camillea 35 Sragilissima Coltricia 48 fruticulosa Ceratiomyxa 3 fujikuroi Gibberella 18 fuligineum Lycoperdon 65 fulviceps Marasmius 60 (fulvipes) Agaricus 67 fungicola Berlesiella 10 (fusartispora) Sphaeria 69 fusca Hypocrea 19 fusca Stemonitis 5 fusca Stilbella 9 fuscosuccinea Auricularia 44 fuscus Cyclomyces 48 fusispora Chaetosphaeria 34 gaertneriana Hypocrella 17 (gamophyllus) Marasmius 68 (gastrodes) Agaricus 67 gelatinosa Hypocrea \9 gelatinosum Pseudohydnum 45 gigantea Ramaria 53 gilvus Phellinus 48 (gilvus var. scabrorugosus) Polyporus 69 76 (glabrata) Hexagona aculeata fo. 68 (globosa) Xylaria 69 globuliferum Physarum 4 (glossoides) Calocera 67 glycirrhiza Hypoxylon 37 (gomphus) Xylaria 69 gossypina Nectria 22 gracilipes Nectria 22 gracilis Filoboletus 58 gracillima Xylaria 40 graminicola Ophiosphaerella 13 grammica Xylaria 40 grammicospora Nectria 22 (grammocephalus var. cayennensis) Pol. 69 grande Ophiostoma 34 (granulosa) Naematelia 68 gregarium Nodulisporium 8 grevillei Nitschkia 33 (griseolutescens) Agaricus 67 griseoroseus Marasmius 60 (griseorubens) Agaricus 67 griseus Dennisiomyces 56 guadeloupensis Aphelaria 46 guepinii Pestalotia 8 guianense Xenolophium 12 guianensis Cantharellus 46 guianensis Cordierites 41 guianensis Hygrocybe 56 guianensis Marasmius 60 guianensis Neotyphula 68 guianensis Polyporus 51 guianensis Ramaria 53 guianensis Xylaria 40 (gyrosum) Rhytisma 69 haedinus var.minor Marasmius 60 haematocephalus Marasmius 60 (haematochrous) Agaricus 67 haematococca Nectria 23 helenae Cyathus 65 helicoma Tubeufia 15 (heliconia) Hendersonia 68 (heliscus) Poronia 69 helvolus Marasmius 60 hemispila Melanochaeta 32 (heteromera) Midotis 68 heterostoma Camillea 35 . (hindsii) Peziza 68 hiscens Stereopsis 50 holophaea Lactocollybia 58 (hortensis) Agaricus 67 (hortulanus) Agaricus 67 hydnoides Hexagonia 51 hydrophora Aquascypha 49 hygrophanus Nothopanus 62 hygrophytica Russula 63 (hyperythra) Xylaria 69 hypohaemacta Hygrocybe 56 hypomiltum Hypoxylon 37 hypoxylon Immotthia 10 hypoxylon Xylaria 40 ianthino-velutina Xylaria 40 illudens Nectria 24 impariphiale Sesquicillium 8 impariphialis Nectria 24 impressa Hypocrea 19 (incrustans) Hypoxylon 68 incrustatus Marasmiellus 59 indacocheae Dacryopinax 44 indica Penzigia 38 indusiata Dictyophora 65 innumera Chaetosphaeria 34 insigne Ramaria 53 insignis Arcyria 6 inspersus Proliferodiscus 41 iodinus Cyclomyces 48 iridis Didymium 4. irradians Neohypodiscus 38 Jamaicana Byssosphaeria 11 jatrophae Nectria 24 Javanicum Physarum 4 Joca Nectria 24 Jungeri Nectria 24 kegeliana Xylaria 40 kyotensis Calonectria 18 (labecula) Asterina 67 labellum Camillea 35 laetidiscoides Nectria25 _ lageniforme Geastrum 64 lagopus Coprinus 55 (lancicula) Hirneola 68 larvata Cordyceps 17 lasiacidis Endocreas 18 lasiacidis Nectria 25 lasiacidis Sinosphaeria 34 latemarginatus Oxyporus 51 lateritia Tubercularia 9 latispora Bertia moriformis var. 33 leoninus Marasmius 60 leprieuri Angelina 41 leprieuri Camillea 36 (leprieuri) Enslinia 68 leprieurt Phaeoschizophyllum 54 leprieuri Polyporus 51 leprieuri Septobasidium 45 (leptopilus) Agaricus 67 leptosporioides Thaxteria 32 leptosporus Coccomyces 42 leucocephalum Craterium 4 leucorrhodina Nectriopsis 30 licnoides Phellinus gilvus var. 49 lignicola Uvaricospora 9 (lignifraga) Hiatula 68 lilacinella Hygrocybe 56 (liliputiana) Thelephora 69 liliputianus Chaetocalathus 57 limbatus Cyathus 65 lipsiense Ganoderma 47 lobatum Stereum 54 longa Comatricha 5 longipes Haddowia 48 lucida Nectria 25 lucidula Kretzschmaria 37 lucidum Ganoderma 47 lucifer Nectria 25 lutea Hypocrea 19 lutescens Tremella 45 lycogaloides Sarawakus 31 lycopersicum Entoloma 56 macrobarbatra Acanthonitschkia 32 (macromphalum) Hypoxylon 68 macrorhiza Podoscypha 50 (macrospermum) Hypoxylon 68 macrospora Nitschkia 34 macrospora Camillea heterostoma var. 35 macrostoma Nectria 25 magniverrucosa Ophionectria 30 mangiferae Cytosphaera 7 (mangiferae) Lemalis 68 mammiformis Nectria 26 (mammiformis) Rosellinia 69 (marginata) Micropeltis 68 (maroniensis) Hygrephorus 68 77 martinicensis Hygrocybe 56 martinii Dacryopinax 44 martynii Polydiscidium 41 (mauritiae) Sacidium 69 mauritiicola Nectria 26 medulla-panis Perenniporia 51 megalospora Macrovalsaria 66 (melaleucus) Leocarpus 68 (melanoplaca) Cheilaria 67 menziesii Trametes 52 (mesenterica) Auricularia 67 meznaensis Lasiosphaeria 31 microcarpa Cribraria 4 microceras Xylaria 40 micromeria Calosphaeria 17 microporus Rigidoporus 52 microscopica Lambertella 42 microsperma Tubifera 5 microsporus Penicillifer 8 (microsticta) Stictis 69 (microstictum) Hypoxylon 68 milletiae Herpotrichia 11 miniata Hygrocybe 57 minima Phaeosphaeria 13 minoensis Astrosphaeriella 13 minor Marasmius haedinus var. 60 minutella Volvariella 63 mirabile Geastrum 64 (mirabilis) Agaricus 67 mirabilis Astrocystis 35 mirabilis Coprinus 55 modesta Trametes 52 molybdites Chlorophyllum 54 montagneanus Marasmius 60 montagnei Caripia 46 (montagnei) Hypolyssus 68 monticulosum Hypoxylon 37 mori Hysterographium 10 moriformis Bertia 32 moseri Lasiosphaeria 31 moyersoenii var.brunnea Russula 63 mucida Lentaria 49 mucronata Camillea 36 multiplex Xylaria 40 multiplicatum Ganoderma 47 (myosurus) Xylaria 69 (myrciae) Rhytisma 69 myriocarpa Chaetosphaeria 34 78 neogrammicospora Nectria 26 neotropica Collybia 58 (nigella) Thelephora 69 nigra Comatricha 5 nigrescens var.brevispora Hygrocybe 57 nigricans Hypocrea 19 nigripes Marasmiellus 59 nigritus Hydropus 58 (nigrocinctus) Hypochnus 68 nitidula Podoscypha 50 (nitidula) Sphaeria 69 (nitidum) Pemphidium 68 (nitidus var. croceus) Polyporus 69 (nivea) Clavaria 67 niveus Marasmius 60 nodulisporus Hygroaster 56 noonae-dana Lasiosphaeriella 32 nouraguensis Hygrocybe 57 nucigenum Hypoxylon 37 nucleatum Physarum 4 obovata Xylaria 40 obovatus Microporellus 51 obularia Camillea 36 occidentalis Coriolopsis 50 occidentalis Hygrocybe 57 ochroleuca Nectria 26 (oedema) Sphaeria 69 oedipus Poronia 38 (oenochrous) Agaricus 67 oerstadii Ganoderma 47 oligotricha Dysrynchys 13 olivacea Nectria 27 omphalodes Amauroderma 47 (omphalodes) Pyronema 69 opacum Ganoderma 47 oropensoides Nectriopsis 30 ostreatus Pleurotus 62 pachythele Xenolophium 12 pallescens Marasmius 60 pallida Hypocrea 19 pallida Stemonitis 5 paludosa Tubeufia 15 pancarribaea Ramaria 53 pannicola Chaetosphaeria 35 (papilionaceus) Panaeolus 68 (papyracea) Hexagona 68 papyrinum Porostereum 54 (paradisiaca) Sphaeropsis 69 paraguayense Craterium 4 paraguayensis Hohenbuehelia 64 paraparilis Peristomialis 31 parasitica Capronia 10 parilis Peristomialis 31 patella Hypocrea 19 pectinata Galerina 55 (pediades) Agrocybe 67 penetrale Physarum 4 penicilliferi Nectria 27 pensilis Rhodoarrhenia 66 perciliata Volvariella 63 (perennis) Coltricia 67 | perrottetii Trichaptum 53 perrumpens Trematosphaeria 14 pertusa Nectria 27 pezizoides Gaillardiella 33 pezizula Tubeufia 15 phaeostroma Chaetosphaerella 34 phaselina Diatrype 18 phlebiaeformis Hapalopilus 46 phlyctidospora Aleuria 42 (phoenicis) Graphiola 68 (phoenix) Hypoxylon 68 (phomatoides) Ascospora 67 (phomatoides) Phacidium 69 phyllocharis Xylaria 40 (phyllogena) Hypocrea 68 phyllophila Iodosphaeria 16 (phylloplacus) Dothidea 68 (pilosiuscula) Agaricus 67 pityrodes Nectria 27 plectophylla Collybia 58 plicatilis Coprinus 55 plicatus Cyathus 65 poculiformis Phyllacia 38 poecilus Marasmius 60 polyblastiae Chaetopsina 7 polycladus Marasmius 60 polygramma Collybia 58 polymorpha Xylaria 40 polyporicola Gliocladium 7 polytricha Auricularia 44 (porosum) Hypoxylon 68 (praecox) Agrocybe 67 proletarius Marasmius 60 (pseudobombarda) Sphaeria 69 pseudocinnabarina Nectria 27 pseudotrichia Nectria 27 pulchra Gibellula 7 pumila Xylaria 40 (pura) Mycena 68 purtonii Nectria 28 pusillus Panellus 64 pusio Marasmius 60 pyrenocartia Theissenia 39 quercina Diatrypella 18 quercuum Botryosphaeria 9 quisquilarium Hypoxylon 37 raciborskyi Lasiosphaeria 31 (radicalis) Diatrype 68 radicans Stereopsis 50 radicata Ditiola 45 radicellicola Marasmius 60 radicicola Nectria 28 reniformis Stipitochaete 49 (resinaceum) Ganoderma 68 rhabarbarinum Septobasidium 45 rhabarbarinus Marasmius 61 (rhabidosperma) Sphaeria 69 rheicolor Hymenochaete 48 rhizocola Xylaria 40 (rhizomorpha) Xylaria 69 rhizomorphus Polyporus 51 rhodomphala Byssosphaeria 11 rhopalina Phyllachora 34 rhytismatis Lachnum 41 rigidiuscula Nectria 28 rolfsii Athelia 46 roraimense Ophiostoma 34 roraimensis Tubeufia 15 (rostratus) Thamnomyces 69 rubellus Marasmiellus 59 rubiginosum Hypoxylon 37 rubricosa Valsaria 34 rubricosus Marasmius 61 rubrococca Nectria 28 (rufa) Hypocrea 68 rufescens Marasmius 61 rufocornea Lanzia 42 rufulum Rhytidhysterion 13 rufum Microglossum 41 (rugatus) Marasmius 68 (ruginosa) Xylaria 69 rugosuM Amauroderma 47 rugulosa Nectria 28 rutilans Hapalopilus 46 saccatum Geastrum 64 sagraeana Trametes 52 samuelsii Xenolophium 12 (sanguinea) Nectria 68 sanguineus Pycnoporus 52 sapiicola Pluteus 63 scabrida Arachnocrea 18 (scabrorugosus) Polyporus gilvus var. 69 scabrosa Earliella 50 schiedermayriana Byssosphaeria 11 (schizostoma) Sphaeria 69 schomburgkii Amauroderma 47 schweintizii Hypocrea 19 shimekit Javaria 14 scitula Nectria 28 scleriae Uredo 66 scleroderma Camarops 17 (scleroderma) Geastrum 68 sclerophaeum Hypoxylon 37 scopicola Xylaria 40 scopula Tubeufia 16 scriblita Camillea 36 scruposa Xylaria 40 sector Trichaptum 53 semitranslucens Hypomyces 19 septica Fuligo 4 septospora Nectria 28 septosporum Cylindrocarpon 7 septotricha Crinipellis 58 (sequatorius) Agaricus 67 sergii Pluteus 63 serpula Hemitrichia 6 sesquicillii Nectria 28 setofusariae Nectria 29 setosum Fusarium 7 siennophylla Conocybe 55 sinnamariense Scleroderma 66 siparia Hygrocybe 57 smithii Mycopepon 12 solmsii Lycogalopsis 65 spathularia Dacryopinax 44 spathulata Coltricia 48 speciosa Cookeina 43 spectabilis Cotylidia 49 sphaerosperma Ceratiomyxa 3 spissa Ceriporia 50 splendens Stemonitis 6 80 splitbergeri Inonotus 48 splitbergeri Marasmius 61 (spodoides) Agaricus 67 (sprucei) Coriolopsis 67 squamulosus Leucocoprinus 54 stellata Astrosphaeria 13 stellatum Physarum 5 (stellulata) Diatrype 68 stenophylloides Marasmiellus 59 stenophyllus Marasmiellus 59 stilbellae Nectria 29 stipitatum Pyrrhoglossum 55 (stangulans) Cordyceps 67 striatispora Amphisphaeria 16 striatulus Lentinus 62 (striatulus) Resupinatus 69 striatum Gloeophyllum 51 strigosus Lentinus 62 striispora Nectria 29 subannulatum Hypoxylon 37 subfalcata Nectria 29 subflavida Hygrocybe 57 subiculosus Hypomyces 19 subolivascens Chamaeota 62 subquaternata Nectria 29 suffulta Nectria 29 sulcatum Hypoxylon 37 (sulcigena) Sphaeria 69 sulcipes Cookeina (see speciosa) surculus Lentaria 49 swartzii Lentinus 62 sylvana Nectria 29 syringea Collybia 58 tageticolor Marasmius 61 taxiformis Pterula 53 telfairi Xylaria 4C tenue Gerronema 64 tenuiculus Polyporus 51 tenuipes Xeromphalina 61 tenuis Hexagonia 51 tephroleucus Lentinus 62 termitarius Laboulbeniopsis 66 terrae-firmae Hydropus 58 tesselata Mycena 61 testacea Rhodocybe 56 testaceum Ganoderma 47 tetraspora Phillipsia 43 thelephorus Hydnodon 54 theobromae Lasiodiplodia 8 tinctor Camillea 36 tingomariensis Hypocrea 19 tornata Astrosphaeriella 13 tornatum Ganoderma 48 trichocephala Mycena 61 (trichodes) Sphaeria 69 tricholoma Cookeina 43 tricholoma Polyporus 51 trichospora Ophionectria 30 triqua Nectria 30 (tristiusculus) Polyporus 69 trochus Astrosphaeriella 14 (tropica) Antennaria 67 tropica Aphelaria 46 troyanus Marasmiellus 59 truncatum Hypoxylon 37 tubercularia Tremella 45 tubulosum Lachnocladium 49 tucuchense Entoloma 56 typhoides Comatricha 5 (uberina) sphaeria 69 ulmarius Rigidoporus 52 (umbellula) Conocybe 67 umbrinum Schizophyllum 54 urbica Crinipellis 58 urticaria Diatrype 18 ustulinoides Camarops 17 (variolosa) Stictis 69 velutinum Geastrum 65 (velutinus) Coriolus 67 velutinus Lentinus 62 venezuelae Fistulinella 55 verminosum Linocarpon 31 vermispora Nectria 30 versicolor Trametes 52 vesuvius Astrosphaeriella 14 vilior Nectria 30 villosa Byssosphaeria 12 villosa Trametes 53 violaceotunicata Russula 63 — viride Physarum 5 viridis Gomphus 48 volutella Melioliphila 14 volvatus Marasmiellus 59 wrightii Fluviostroma 35 (xylarticola) Hypocreopsis 68 xylogenus Xylophallus 65 8] zippelii Ramaria 53 zonalis Rigidoporus 52 Ackowledgements : Thanks are due to D.N.Pegler (Kew, UK) and J.D.Rogers (Pullman, USA) who reviewed the paper and Suggested valuable improvements. 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Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya Four new species of Ascomycota belonging to the Meliolaceae collected from Mau forest in western Kenya between 1989 and 1992 are described and compared with closely related species. They include, Appendiculella mauensis on Casearia battescombei, A. rubi on Rubus keniensis, Asteridiella mathengeiana on Ehretia cymosa and A. trichocladi on Trichocladus ellipticus. In addition, Asteridiella aguariae Hansf. on Aguaria salicifolia is reported for the first time in Kenya and A. nuxiae (Syd.) Hansf. on Nuxia congesta is a new record. KEY WORDS: Appendiculella, Asteridiella, Meliolaceous fungi. INTRODUCTION Studies on African Meliolaceae are resumed after a period of over 30 years. Systematic work on this family was mainly confined to southern Africa and some parts of west and east Africa (Hansford, 1961). In east Africa only Uganda was surveyed. This contribution deals with six species of the family Meliolaceae, herein represented by the genera Appendiculella and Asteridiella, from Mau forest in western Kenya. The forest lies between 0° 88 and 1° 5''N and 35° and 36° E, a distance of about 350 km. north west of Nairobi, at an altitude which ranges from 1500 to 2000 m. above sea level. The forest consists mainly of tropical evergreen trees endemic to Kenya (Gillet & McDonald, 1970). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of infected leaves used in this study were collected and put in brown paper bags, and labelled accordingly. The leaf specimens were then brought to the laboratory and dried between blotters daily for five days. Material for examination was mounted in water and observed under a Carl Zeiss compound microscope equipped with a camera lucida drawing apparatus. Measurements of hyphal cells, ascomata, appendages, ascospores and hyphopodia were then made from these mounts. All specimens used in this study were deposited at the University of Nairobi herbarium (NAI). TAXONOMY Appendiculella mauensis ROK Mibey sp. nov. Figs 1-5. Etymology: mauensis (Latin), in reference to Mau forest from which the specimens were collected. Plagulae amphigenae, densae, ad 8 mm diam. Hyphae plerumque rectae, | laxe reticulatae, alternatae acuteque ramosae, cellulis 24 - 60 x 4 - 6 wm. Hyphopodia capitata alternata, laxe potentia, recta vel curvata, 24 - 52 x 10 - 20 pm, cellula apicali 1 - 2 lobata, 12 - 20 x 12 - 20 ym, cellula basali 1 - 2 septata, rectae vel curvatae, 14 - 32 x 4 - 10 ym. Phialis et hyphopodia capitata commixta, alternata, ampulliformi, recta vel curvata, 14 - 24 x 4 - 8 um. Ascomata dipersae, verrucosa, 350 - 496 ym diam. Larviformibus appendiculae plerumque brunneae, transversaliter striatae, apices obtusae, 42 - 108 x 20 - 36 wm. Ascosporae 3 - septatae, fusoideae, brunneae, obtusae, constrictae, 44 - 66 x 14 - 16 ym. Holotypus: Kenya: Mau forest, in folii Caseariae battiscombei (Flacourtiaceae) , 10 Aug. 1989, leg. R. K. Mibey, 0128 NAI. Colonies amphigenous, dense, up to 8 mm diam. Hyphae mostly straight, very loosely reticulate, branching alternate at acute angles, cells 24 - 60 x 4 - 6 um. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, widely spaced, straight to bent, 24 - 89 Figs 1 - 5. Appendiculella mauensis. 1. Hypha branching alternate at acute angles. 2. Ascus with two ascospores. 3. Ascospores. 4. Germuinating ascospores. 5. Larviform appendages. Ch = Capitate hyphopodia, La = Larviform appendages, Ph = Phialides. Bar = 20 pm. SS ge Figs 6 - 8. Appendiculella rubi. 6. Hyphae branching opposite or irregular at acute angles. 7. Ascospores. 8. Larviform appendage. Ch = Capitate hyphopodia, La =-Larviform appendages, Ph = Phialides. Bar = 20 pm. 90 52 x 10 - 20 ym; head cell 1 - 2 lobate, 12 - 20 x 12 - 20 wm; stalk cell 1 - 2 septate, cylindrical, straight to bent, 14 - 34 x 4 - 10 wm. Phialides mixed with capitate hyphopodia, alternate or linear, ampulliform, straight to bent, 14 - 24 x 4 -8 pm. Ascomata scattered, perithecioid, verrucose, 350 - 496 pm diam. Larviform appendages numerous, brown, transversely striate, tapering to recurved apex, obtuse, 42 - 108 x 20 - 36 wm. Ascospores 2 - 4 per ascus, 3 - septate, fusoid, obtuse, constricted, 44 - 66 x 16 - 20 wm. Notes: Appendiculella caseariicola H. Hu on Caseareia villimba Merr. from China is the only other species of the genus described on this host. However, it has much smaller colonies (3 mm diam.), hyphopodia (28 - 32 pm long), ascomata (200 wm diam.), appendages (60 x 30 pum) and ascospores (40 - 46 x 14 - 17 um) (Hu & Yang, 1989). Appendiculella rubi R. K. Mibey sp. nov. Figs 6 - 8. Etymology: rubi (Latin), in reference to the host species Rubus keniensis. Plagulae epiphyllae, tenuis, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphae rectae, densae reticulatae, opposita vel alternata acuteque ramosae, cellulis 30 - 39 x 6 -9 pm. Hyphopodia capitata alternata, recta vel curvata, 21 - 24 x 12 - 15 wm; cellula apicali globosa vel rotundatus angulata, integra vel leniter lobata, 12 - 15 x 15 pm, cellula basali cuneata vel cylindracea, 9 - 12 x 6 wm. Phialis et hyphopodia capitatis commixta, alternata, ampulliformis, 15 - 18 x 6 pm. Ascomata aggregata, verrucosa, 168 - 240 wm diam.; appendiculatus 6 - - 9, brunneus, subcylindracea, transversus striatus, apex obtusae, 60 - 129 x 24 - 30 wm. Ascosporae 3 - septatae, oblongae, constrictae, 39 - 45 x 12 - 15 pm. Holotypus: Kenya: Mau forest, in folii Rubi keniensis Standl. (Rosaceae), 15 Oct. 1990, leg. R. K. Mibey, 0115 NAT. Colonies epiphyllous, thin, up to 3 mm diam. Hyphae straight, cells 30 - 39 x 6 - 9 wm, branching opposite or alternate at acute angles, closely reticulate. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, straight or bent, 21 - 24 x 12 - 15 pm; head cell globose to rounded angulose, entire to slightly lobed, 12 - 15 x 12 - 15 pm; stalk cell cuneate to cylindric, 9 - 12 x 6 wm. Phialides mixed with capitate hyphopodia, alternate, ampulliform, 15 - 18 x 6 pm. Ascomata in central group, perithecioid, verrucose, 168 - 240 wm diam. with 6 - 9 appendages, brown, subcylindric, transversely striate, apex 2)! obtuse, 60 - 129 x 24 - 30 wm. Ascospores 3 - septate, Se obtuse, constricted, 39 - 45 x 12 - 15 pm. Notes: Appendiculella calostroma (Desm.) Hohn. on Rubus trivialis from U. S. A. differs from this species by having larger ascospores (40 - 50 x 13 - 15 ym), phialides (14 - 24 x 12 - 20 ym) and capitate hyphopodia (20 - 40 Xx 12 - 20 um), with the head cell rounded - angulose to irregularly and 3 - 6 lobate (Hansford, 1961). Asteridiella aguariae (Hansf.) Hansf., Sydowia 10: 46 (1957). = Irenina aguariae Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 158: 30 (1946). Colonies epiphyllous, subdense, up to 2 mm diam. Hyphae substraight, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at acute angles, cells 16 - 20x 6 - 8 pm. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, antrorse, straight or bent, 18 - 21 x 8 - 12 pm; head cell subglobose to clavate, entire, straight, 12 - 18 x 8 - 12 pm; stalk cell cylindric to cuneate, 6 - 8 x 6 pm. Phialides opposite, separate from capitate hyphopodia, mostly on older hyphae, 20 - 26 x 8 - 10 wm. Ascomata few per colony (about five), perithecioid, verrucose, 108 - 200 um diam. Ascospores 3 - septate, ellipsoid, obtuse, slightly constricted, 48 - 52 x 16 - 20 um. | Kenya: Mau forest, on leaves of Aguaria salicifolia (Lam.) Oliv. (Ericaceae), Kenya, 20 Jan. 1991, R. K. Mibey, 0107 NAI. Notes: Although our fungus differs from the type of Asteridiella aguariae on Aguaria salicifolia from Zaire (Hansford, 1961) by somewhat longer hyphal cells (20 - 30 x 7 - 10 um), longer hyphopodia (18 - 26 x 10 - 13 pm) and slightly larger ascospores (50 - 58 x 17 - 20 um), it does not merit separation into a new species as the differences are not considered to be. very significant. Asteridiella mathengeiana R . K. Mibey sp. nov. Figs 9 - 11. Etymology: mathengeiana (Latin), in honour of Mr Simon Mathenge of the Department of Botany, University of Nairobi, who helped in the identification of all the host species included in this study. Plagulae epiphyllae, subdensae, ad 2 mm diam. Hyphae subrectae, alternatae vel irregulariter lateque ramosae, cellulis 21 - 27 x 9 - 12 wm. 92 Figs 9 - 11. Asteridiella mathengeiana. 9. Ascospores. 10. Hypha branching at wide angles. 11. Surface cells of perithecia. Ch = Capitate hyphopodia, Ph = Phialides, Scp = Surface cells of perithecia. Bar = 20 pm. Figs 12 - 14. Asteridiella trichocladi. 12. Hyphae branching opposite at acute to wide angles. 13. Ascospores. 14. Surface cells of perithecia. Ch = capitate hyphopodia, Ph = Phialides, Scp = Surface cells of perithecia. Bar = 20 um. 93 Hyphopodia capitata alternata, antrorsa, recta vel leniter curvata, 28 - 34 x 12 - 15 wm; cellula apicali subglobosa, ovata vel lobata, 18 - 22 x 12 - 15 pm, cellula basali cuneata vel cylindrica, 10 - 12 x 6 - 7 wm. Ascomata dispersa, verrucosa, 105 - 139 ym diam. Cellulae peritheciales conoideae, rectae vel curvatae ad apicem, ad 21 yum longae. Ascosporae 4 - septatae, cylindricae, obtusae, constrictae, 42 - 51 x 12 - 21 pm. Holotypus: Kenya: Mau forest, in folii Ehretiae cymosae (Boraginaceae), 2 Dec. 1992, leg. R. K. Mibey, 0120 NAI. Colonies epiphyllous, subdense, to 2 mm diam. Hyphae substraight, branching alternate or irregular at wide angles, 21 - 27 x 9 - 12 pm. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, antrorse, straight or slightly bent, 28 - 34 x 12 - 15 pm; head cell subglobose, ovate or lobed, 18 - 22 x 12 - 15 um; stalk cell cuneate to cylindrical, 10 - 12 x 6 - 7 um. Phialides opposite to irregular, ampulliform, 18 - 21 x 7 - 11 pm. Ascomata scattered, perithecioid, verrucose, 105 - 140 wm diam., surface cells obtusely conoid, apex straight or slightly bent, to 21 ym long. Ascospores 4 - septate, cylindric, obtuse, constricted, 42 - 51 x 12 - 21 pm. Notes: Of the six species of Asteridiella described from species of Boraginaceae (Hansford, 1961; Hosagoudar et al., 1994) only one species, A. ehretiae V.B. Hosagoudar (Hosagoudar et al., 1994) has been found on the host genus Ehretia. This species differs from A. mathengeiana by having hypophyllous colonies with hyphae branching alternately to oppositely at acute angles, by ascomata lacking protruding conoid surface cells and by the smaller ascospores. Asteridiella nuxiae Hansf., Sydowia 10: 49 (1957). = Irene nuxiae Syd., Bothalia 2: 433 (1928). = [renina nuxiae (Syd.) Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 157: 174 (1946). Colonies amphigenous, mostly epiphyllous, subdense, to 3 mm diam. Hyphae straight to undulate, closely reticulate, cells measuring 21 - 36 x 6 - 8 um. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, antrorse, straight or bent, 16 - 20 x 10 - 12 ym; head cell subglobose to elongate, entire, straight, 10 - 16 x 10 - 12 pm; stalk cell cylindric to cuneate, 6 - 8 x 6 - 8 ym. Ascomata scattered, perithecioid, verrucose, 136 - 221 um diam. Ascospores 4- septate, oblong to subellipsoid, obtuse, constricted, 40 - 44 x 16 - 20 ym. 94 Kenya: Mau forest, on leaves of Nuxia congesta (Loganiaceae), 20 Sep. 1990, R. K. Mibey, 0111 NAI. Notes: The present collection agrees with the description given for Asteridiella nuxiae on N. floribunda from South Africa. Hyphal cell (15 - 30 x 5 - 8 ym), ascomata (220 wm) and ascospore (39 - 50 x 17 - 22 ym) dimensions are similar and colonies are amphigenous, hyphal branching is opposite and at acute angles, and the capitate hyphopodia are alternate (Hansford, 1961). This constitutes a new host record for A. nuxiae and is also the first report of this species from Kenya. Asteridiella trichocladi R. K. Mibey sp. nov. Figs 12 - 14. Etymology: trichocladi (Latin), in reference to the host species Trichocladus ellipticus. Plagulae amphigenae, subdensae ad 8 mm diam. Hyphae plerumque rectae vel leniter undulatae, opposite lateque ramosae, laxe reticulate, cellulis 18 - 23 x 9 - 12 ym. Hyphopodia capitata alternata, antrosus, recta vel flexuosa, 18 - 27 x 12 - 15 pm; cellula apicali subglobosa vel leniter 1 - lobata, 15 - 18 x 12 - 15 pm; cellula basali cylindrica vel cuneata, 6 - 9 x 6 wm. Phialis et capitata commixta, pauci, opposita vel alternata, ampulliformia, 18 - 30 x 7-9 um. Ascomata dispersa, pauca, verrucosa, 216 - 240 um; ascosporae oblongae, 4 - septatae, constrictae, 42 - 49 x 12 - 21 pm. Holotypus: Kenya: Mau forest, in folii Trichocladi ellipticae (Hamamelidaceae), 16 Nov. 1990, leg. R. K. Mibey, 0104 NAI. Colonies amphigenous, subdense, up to 8 mm. diam. Hyphae mostly straight or slightly undulate, cells 18 - 23 x 9 - 12 um; branching opposite at acute to wide angles, loosely reticulate. Capitate hyphopodia alternate, antrorse, straight or slightly curved, 18 - 27 x 12 - 15 pum; head cell subglobose to slightly 1 - lobate, 15 - 18 x 12 - 15 ym; stalk cell cylindric to cuneate, 6 - 9 x 6 wm. Mucronate hyphopodia few, mixed with capitate hyphopodia, opposite or alternate, ampulliform, 18 - 30 x 7 - 9 yum. Perithecia scattered, verrucose, few, 216 - 240 wm diam. Ascospores 4 - septate, oblong, obtuse, constricted, 42 - 49 x 12 - 21 um. Notes: Asteridiella scabra (Doidge) Hansf. (Hansford, 1961) is the only other species of Asteridiella described on Trichocladus ellipticus from South Africa. Asteridiella trichocladi differs from this species by its larger 95 hyphal cells (20 - 35 x 10 - 15 pm), with irregularly rounded angulose to sublobate head cell of capitate hyphopodia (23 - 38 x 10 - 15 ym) and by its smaller ascospores (35 - 40 x 14 - 17 um). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the Dean's Committee Research Fund, University of Nairobi and the National Council for Science and Technology of Kenya for providing grants towards this study. We also wish to thank Mr Simon Mathenge of the Department of Botany University of Nairobi for his assistance in the identification of some of the host species. Much appreciation goes to Drs A. Sivanesan and Paul M. Kirk, both of the International Mycological Institute, for their critical review of this manuscript and help with the Latin diagnoses. REFERENCES Gillet, J. B. and P. G. McDonald. 1970. A numbered check-list of trees, shrubs and noteworthy lianes indigenous to Kenya. Government Printer, Nairobi. 67 pp. Hansford, C. G. 1961. The Meliolineae, a monograph. Beihefte zur Sydowia 2: 1 - 806. Hosagoudar, P. A. Raghu and C. M. Pillai. 1994. Meliolaceae of Southern India - XIV. Nova Hedwigia 58: 529 - 543. Hu, H. and J. C. Yang. 1989. Two new species and four new records of Meliolaceae from Guangdong, China. Acta Mycologica Sinica 8: 86 - 90. toh bb ig ] 4 1 5 yj) Plt ; ‘ hat a AT 7 i A : 1 } 4 Paik LS , : 1 heir vas A ie , ; at in Le a th, vey ws nh : ) el Foradil i of ci ich Diab NN * mH nr ie ie Heh dit LE Ata bo iad oe ut ihe iee 1 TR Nee RiP Be uy el ue ee i Fee i ee Wt wpe pone | iy} ma Ariba OS ae + mg eh if a | cae ‘wun te peat a He i} pun an oat iN ity A , fmpaige dn 0 alee Ath ani ca | ae Ai Arie on hat tft wha 4 a Mh ey een as et as rb Sy ‘ ant Ran Tat ny, i. Set : , abet Ry na hi ae ¥ ai NRV! , ug oe " a il oi gata) Gehagame’ ae wapat Bie ‘hp neni: ah ia na a aM sau ‘aati as ea atta yt ee ; roe oad aR om), UR) haat Heroin i a “\@, ve wait ne dato { “Waa: 0 iY i fw tant “aay Fre Nal Bet at iio te taauaaes | a BAA W SIME aM tcl coh b Reb ea naa a "okeaalig ty ea Le ai WH: as ist me gaily i * roa aga iN iy i ae nyt ah ai i 3 Erie iis ea fi cei Le cf staal inn AR ok He Meee eave a ete RON st oh MI Vel et. or ety ths Li Sti mate ¢ Saab aN ‘a . ae baile hae ; oes ah Bir Rp ne pata na i Ve AEN Lae nin Me | anne LONG Iar Nee cte yi bigelet MG Hap antes mea Atala | Ol , i fa on a iN a 1 i Bunn ek 4 4 ih A sant ise: ee I Ke reid ’ F “i ene { I Y ‘ M ‘ iat 6 We k ! nari Cr epued Pe a | Ne My ie rt fab aheaiet yah at len | 4) ey ROWE ais 1 pane i naa a ite acter eaot ONirTT| it E yt e 2 pia ne i il he we i ih " ye “oo se i PER RM ie us ie Ai sik a sigma ( a vir hs iW ‘1 Die heat # aw PHA | i ie ay j wre see Dale ats y (ah ie nae ee y RRL Ure ci Ke q bis ars hii aly Mea Rani! ae sta pit i hier i wis ae hf Sitges 4 New: agen “i oe pis, | i, ti a hts i NN ie i Kane : tl ry ni) Pa et ony of hy i eee AS a ie - 1 vit ick hy i ag. Nes my Limi f oy i ig, teh Ch ate wba Hi Lia Raan ies Big) | VL Ta ali i ee ‘i me ra Hi Abe taryiliud? Aes wii tes f apteatie: ST Rach i t A ih j is wi ee ] aaa di Nt ts uy walle tee 1 ie ean Ma apets eet Yaa a aa ri ies para ins: he, , anne “aa achetneg Na piel) See Oth Ase! ne eee i rise MoH ee aie sean a he aH it my ae al f ho ye | ois 7" ah ey leila | pe re A ie ee sy Pe Tt ys Bing CEN ponsncrt i iia re ut ‘shoe, A ee ip an Pisin Shutintie) eer p P: mM we aoe tae ae wae Waa ie MD ee ee TO A > Ma Pee ae Ben th ae ie DA yt at - bay jae A ne al STEIN 4 ee be ety os eae "y* ey : vy ie ee i © Biv; ws t : MYCOTAXON Volume LVI, pp. 97-116 January-March 1996 THE GENUS PHAEOCOLLYBIA IN SOUTH EAST AUSTRALIA BETTYE J. REES AND A.E. WOOD School of Biological Science The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia. ABSTRACT Four taxa of the genus Phaeocollybia are described from south east Australia. Two species P. australiensis and P. ratticauda and one variety P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila are found in association with dry fruited myrtaceous species in New South Wales. The remaining species P. tasmanica, (previously recorded as P. ratticauda), is found in association with Nothofagus forest in the island state of Tasmania. Together they represent the first fully described species of Phaeocollybia from Australia and the first recorded from the Australian mainland. Examination of Australian collections confirms the presence of caulocystidia in all taxa. In addition, capitate pileocystidia are present on the epicuticular hyphae in all cases, a feature not yet recorded for other species world-wide. Key words: Phaeocollybia, Agaricales, Cortinariaceae, FESEM, Australia, mycogeography. INTRODUCTION The basidiomycete genus Phaeocollybia Heim is generally regarded as rare (Smith,1957; Redhead & Norvell,1993). The distribution of species is thought to be closely related to forest types (Redhead & Malloch,1986) with many of the same species occuring throughout boreal forests of the northern hemisphere in North America (Smith,1957), Europe (Moser,1983), far- eastern Russia (Nezdoyminogo,1990) and Japan (Imazeki & Hongo,1981). However, it is in the old growth coniferous forests of north west America that the genus shows its greatest species diversity (Singer,1970; Horak, 1974; Redhead & Norvell,1993). The discovery of new species associated with 98 broad leaved hosts such as Quercus and Nothofagus spp has extended the known area of distribution of Phaeocollybia to pantropical and subtropical areas in central America (Singer,1970,1987; Horak & Halling,1991), India (Horak, 1974), and south-east Asia (Horak, 1977), as well as to cool temperate zones in the southern hemisphere such as Bolivia (Singer,1961) and New Zealand (Horak,1973,1977). Mexico, with its mix of northern dominated conifer and southern hemisphere broad-leaved species now rivals the Pacific north west of North America for species diversity with 17 species described (Guzman, Bandala-Mufioz & Montoya-Bello, 1987; Bandala-Mufioz, Guzman & Montoya-Bello,1989; Bandala, et al 1994) bringing the total of species described world-wide to around fifty, a healthy total for a genus regarded as rare. Planned revision of north American taxa will probably extend the number of known species even further (Redhead and Norvell, 1993). The biological status of Phaeocollybia as a parasite, a saprophyte on buried wood, or as a mycorrhizal symbiont has been the subject of some speculation (Smith,1957; Singer,1970; Horak,1977). It has been recently demonstrated that P. christinae (Fr.)Heim is a root parasite on Picea sp. in eastern Canada (Redhead & Malloch,1986). Whether this nutritional mode is common to all species has yet to be determined. In any event, either as a weak parasite or mycobiont, the genus seems to be host specific. In the southern hemisphere, its distribution has been linked to that of the old Gondwanan genus Nothofagus (Horak,1973; Horak & Halling,1991), which iS present in association with southern hemisphere conifers in S. America, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and New Guinea. Despite the fact that the area is well explored (Singer, 1987) no species of Phaeocollybia have been described south of Bolivia in S. America where they occur in Quercus dominated forests (Singer,1961). Five species have been reported from Brazil on soil in leaf litter (Singer,1987) with no information about host identity, but none from the Nothofagus forests of southern S. America (Garrido, 1985; Horak, 1979; Raithelhuber,1987). Three species have been described from New Zealand which occur in association with Nothofagus. One of these, P. ratticauda Hk., was also collected from pure stands of Leptospermum spp near Auckland (Horak,1983). This species has also been described from New Guinea (Horak,1977). Although the genus Phaeocollybia has been reported to occur in association with Eucalyptus spp, (Horak,1977;1991), only one species of doubtful identity, P. primulinus (Berk.)Hk. has been recorded from mainland Australia (Horak,1977). However, recently P. ratticauda Hk., originally described from New Zealand, was pictured from rainforest in Tasmania, Australia (Fuhrer & Robinson,1992) where Nothofagus is also present. In the field, the genus Phaeocollybia Heim can be distinguished from other genera within the agaric family Cortinariaceae by its tough, frequently 99 radicating stipe without a cortina, and the moist to viscid surface of the cartilaginous, conic to campanulate pileus. With age the pileus tends to become plane, often with a broad central umbo. The characters of the genus have been extensively documented (Smith,1957; Singer,1970 and Horak,1977). Vivid colours, especially purple, are not uncommon in the lamellae and stipes of young basidiomata, a feature shared with other members of the Cortinariaceae especially Gymnopilus, Pyrrhoglossum and Cortinarius itself. At maturity these colours are frequently lost, thereby reducing their taxonomic value. It is for this reason that basidiomata need to be collected at all stages of development, a none too simple task in the case of Phaeocollybia which is so rarely encountered. In the basically dry climate of mainland Australia, cap viscidity is less obvious in this and other genera such as Cortinarius, and is only readily observed after rainfall. Recently, caulocystidia have been observed below ground level on stipes of several north American species (Redhead & Malloch,1986; Redhead & Norvell,1993). This has been confirmed for European species by Laber (1991) suggesting the feature is probably a generic character. The shape and colour of the basidiome together with spore morphology are important characters for species identification. In addition cheilocystidia shape is used for identification and to split the genus into sections (Singer,1970; 1987). Variations in spore ornamentation are more readily observed in scanning electron micrographs and the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) with its close working distance is particularly suited for this purpose. This work on Phaeocollybia has arisen as a result of attempts to define the boundaries of the genus Gymnopilus in S.E. Australia. Some collections of Gymnopilus from this area have features in common with other Cortinariaceous genera such as Phaeocollybia and Pyrrhoglossum (Rees, ined). Finely ornamented, small spores and fusoid capitate cheilocystidia can be found in all three genera. A more comprehensive comparison of these and other features will be undertaken in subsequent publications on the respective genera. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried fungal tissue was rehydrated in 5% aqueous KOH to observe colour of tissue and spore size. 1% aqueous Congo Red was later added to these preparations to enhance contrast for examination and drawing. Spores were measured in lateral profile from lamellae fragments mounted in 5% KOH to observe colour and ornamentation and in Melzer's reagent for comparison of colour reaction with other Cortinariaceous genera. Measures stated in brackets are for total number of spores measured / number of basidiomata 100 examined in total / number of different collections examined. The measurements do not include the spore ornamentation or apiculus. Hand cut tranverse sections of lamellae were examined for pleurocystidia as these structures can often be overlooked in squashes. Colour notation is from Maerz & Paul (1930). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried out on dried herbarium lamellae fragments which were rehydrated in a graded acetone series, fixed overnight in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in buffer, osmicated and subsequently dehydrated after the method of Cheesman & Grund (1985). Because potassium rather than sodium ions occur commonly in fungal tissue, potassium phosphate buffer (0.025M) at pH 6.8 was used in place of Sorenson's buffer as a rinsing solution. The fragments were then critical point dried from acetone in a Jumbo Polaron critical point dryer and mounted on copper strips. The strips were sputter coated using a gold/paladium target in a Polaron sputter-coater Model E5000 and examined in a Hitachi S900 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) at 5kV accelerating voltage. Spore size measurements taken from electron micrographs are smaller in value than those obtained from light microscopy because of the effects of tissue processing and angle of tilt during examination. RESULTS Key to Australian species. 1. Spores limoniform, 9.0-12.6 um, pileus buff coloured, stipe and lamellae with purple colours to maturity, stipe base gradually tapering. P. australiensis *1. Spores ovoid to subspherical < 7.0 um, pileus tan to chestnut, stipe apex and lamellae variable in colour, stipe base variable in shape. 2. 2. Stipe base abruptly radicating, pileus burnt orange to tan. Presence of purple colours variable. 37 3. Pileus tan buff to dark tan, purple colour present in stipe apex and lamellae, plage visible in light microscopy, pleurocystidia numerous. P. ratticauda *3. Pileus burnt orange in colour, purple colours absent at all stages of maturity, plage not visible in light microscopy, pleurocystidia sparse to lacking. P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila *2. Stipe base more gradually tapering, purple colour present in stipe apex and lamellae, spores more elongate, mid melleous in KOH, cystidia with abruptly narrowing necks born on inflated sub-cystidial cells. P. tasmanica 101 Species descriptions 1. Phaeocollybia australiensis Rees and Wood, sp. nov. Fig. 1. A-F. Plate 1. Nos. 1&2. Pileus 45-70 mm latus, convexus dein planus vel leviter reflexus, umbone parvo latoque instructus; obscure bubalinus dein brunneo bubalinus; glaber, siccus. Lamellae adnexae, malvinae dein ferrugineae. Stipes usque ad 110 x 7-11 mm, radicatus, omnino malvinus. Sporae 9.0-12.6(-14.1) x 5.1-6.6(-7.2) sm, limoniformes, minute verrucosae, pallide melleae. Cheilocystidia 18-35 x 4-7 tum, fusiformia, capitulo globoso 1-2 um diametro instructa. Holotypus: Australia, New South Wales, Canyonleigh, on soil in dry sclerophyll forest, 16th April 1990, R. J. King, UNSW 90/133. Pileus 45-70 mm in diameter, convex becoming plane to slightly reflexed with a slight umbo; dull buff to buff brown (13-14C9); smooth, dry, not radially fibrillose or pellucid striate. Context < 7 mm deep. Lamellae < 7 mm deep, adnate, thin, crowded, pale mauve at first then dull ferruginous, margin concolorous; 1-2 sets of lamellulae. Stipe 95-110 x 7-11 mm, central, tough, rooting but not abruptly tapering, with a cartilaginous cortex and stuffed interior, smooth, dry; exterior and rind mauve throughout (46E4 - 54B5), base pallid tan, stipe flesh white; no velar remains. Odour not recorded fresh, not distinctive dried. Taste not recorded fresh, nutty dried. Chemical tests: 5% KOH on pileus surface darkening to light chestnut but no black colour developing. No diffusing pigment when gill fragment mounted in 5% KOH. Basidiospores [30/3/1] 9.0-12.6 (-14.1) x 5.1-6.6 (-7.2) (x=11.0+1.46 x 6.1+0.6) um, Q = 1.76, elongate, light melleous, inamyloid, limoniform with a pronounced mucronate apex, very faintly punctate, some thinning of the wall at the apex, but no germ pore or plage. Basidia 22-38 x 7-8 1m, clavate, 4-spored (occasionally 3-spored), hyaline. Cheilocystidia 18-35 x 4-7 um, fusoid- ventricose with a tapering narrow neck surmounted by a capitellum 1-2 tm in diameter, hyaline. Pleurocystidia present, similar to cheilocystidia. Hymenophoral trama subparallel, consisting of hyaline, thin walled, cylindrical cells 3.5-8.0 um in diameter sometimes inflated at one end. Caulocystidia capitate 3-12 x 1-2 wm, filamentous with a swollen capitellum 1-2 [im in diameter, very numerous below soil level at the base, sparse in the middle and moderate at the apex of the stipe. Pileipellis an ixocutis, the outer layers of which are composed of radially parallel, narrow hyphae 2.8-4.8 um in diameter which are lightly gelatinised and occasionally uplifted and interwoven. The innermost layers of the epicutis are also gelatinised and pigmented plasmatically. The hypodermium consists of a narrow layer of lightly pigmented, cylindrical, 102 Plate 1. Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrographs (FESEM) of basidiospore surfaces of Phaeocollybia australiensis 90/133 (holotype) showing changes in ornamentation with maturity. 1. Perisporium layer has almost disappeared and ornamentation pattern is emerging. At this stage many basidiospores are shed. 2. A fine, discreet, low pattern of ornamentation has emerged with a barely detectable lowering of ornamentation at the supra-apicular depression (arrow). This is not visible in light microscopy. Small remnants of perisporium (p) remain at the apex of the basidiospore. Only large cells which are usually found in most preparations show this type of ornamentation. Magnification throughout x 8,000. inflated cells 8-18 {sm in diameter which are increasingly interwoven before grading into the pileus tramal hyphae. Extremely long, filamentous, capitate pileocystidia 60-100 x 2-3 tm arise from the sides and at the ends of the gelatinised hyphae and occasional oleiferous hyphae are present in the hypoderm. No clamp connections seen in any tissues. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores (Plate 1. Nos. 1&2) reveal a fine, discreet ornamentation once the perisporium is lost, with a small area of lowered ornamentation at the supra- apicular depression which is not visible in light microscopy. Growth habit and habitat: Singly on the ground in dry sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus spp growing in association with Leptospermum spp especially Leptospermum polygalifolia Griseb. Distribution: Australia. Fig. 1. (At right) Phaeocollybia australiensis UNSW 90/133 (holotype): A. basidiome, B. basidiospores, C. basidia, D. cheilocystidia, E. caulocystidia, F. pileocystidia. Scale bar = 1 cm for A, 5 um for B, 10 pm for C, D, & E. and 20 um for F. 104 Material examined: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Canyonleigh, 16th April 1990, R. J. King UNSW 90/133 (holotype). P. australiensis is characterised by purple colourations in stipe and lamellae and has fusoid to ventricose-rostrate capitate cheilocystidia similar to P. ratticauda Hk. However, P. australiensis can be readily distinguished from P. ratticauda by its larger stature, paler cap colour, persistently pinkish- mauve lamellae and microscopically by its large, elongate, limoniform spores with a distinct mucronate apex, the slightly larger more gently sloping neck section in the cheilocystidia, and a pseudorhiza which has a more pointed, less abruptly tapering base. These characters place P. australiensis in Phaeocollybia Sect. Versicolores (Singer, 1986, 1987). P. singularis Horak & Halling from Colombia also has lilac colours, sublimoniform spores and fusoid capitate cheilocystidia but can be differentiated from P. australiensis by its smaller, darker pileus and its smaller and less conspicuously roughened spores. In this sole collection, P. australiensis is a strikingly beautiful species at maturity with its large stature and brightly coloured mauve stipe and lamellae beneath a buff coloured reflexed pileus. The area from which it was collected is a frequently logged, dry eucalyptus forest with a shrubby understorey in which other myrtaceous species are to be found, particularly Leptospermum spp, a very different vegetation type from that usually associated with the occurrence of this genus in other parts of the world. Further collections are needed to better characterise the appearance of young basidiomata and for details of odour and taste in the fresh state. 2. Phaeocollybia ratticauda Horak Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 43, 183-191 (1973). Fig. 2. A-G. Plate 2. No 3. Description of Australian collections. Pileus 18-35 mm, conical to convex, then plane to reflexed, often with a broad central umbo; circular; tan buff to dark tan (6F12 to 6E12), margin a little paler and entire with no velar remains; smooth or covered with fine, slightly uplifted, pale buff scales, dry to slightly viscid, occasionally hygrophanous. Context dirty cream to white, up to 6mm thick at the disc. Lamellae very narrowly adnexed to almost free, very crowded, thin, 2-5 mm wide; dull cream to pallid, dull ferruginous to pallid purple, margin concolorous; 3-4 sets of lamellulae. Stipe 20-50 x 4-7 mm, equal, central with a distinct, fine, abruptly radicating base in most cases; circular, dry, smooth with a few scattered, concolorous hairs; pale cap 105 coloured at base, frequently purplish at the apex becoming dull reddish buff to purplish throughout with age; stipe flesh watery, greyish white, bluish purple above, cartilaginous, hollow. No velar remains. Odour of dried fruit bodies like Thai fish sauce or burnt hair present in some collections. Taste nutty to raphanoid in dried material. Chemical tests: 5% KOH on pileus darkens to chestnut but not black. No pigment diffusing from lamellae fragments in 5% KOH. Basidiospores (60/6/6], (4.8-) 5.1-6.9 x 3.5-4.8 (x = 5.31+0.24 x 3.9+0.27) um, Q = 1.36, pip shaped, verruculose, with a small plage but no germ pore, light melleous, inamyloid. Basidia 18-26 x 5-6 tm, narrowly clavate, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-24 x 3-4 tum, sub-fusoid with a finely tapering, occasionally off-centre neck surmounted by a small capitellum 1-2 um in diameter, hyaline, thin walled, numerous. Pleurocystidia present, the majority similar to the cheilocystidia; in addition some utriform to filiform shapes also present of similar length, but a little wider. Tramal hyphae composed of hyaline, cylindrical, slightly inflated, large cells 8-13 [sm in diameter interspersed with narrower cells 2-6 tm in diameter. Caulocystidia capitate, 6 um long, cylindrical with a capitellum 1 um in diameter, hyaline, occurring infrequently on the sides of hyphae below ground level only. Pileipellis a cutis composed of radially parallel, pigmented, cylindrical hyphae 1.8-6.2 ttm wide with light rusty encrustations, here and there uplifted to form small tufts. Some of these hyphae terminate in, or bear laterally, narrow, hyaline, capitate (1 um) pileocystidia which project from the intact cuticle surface in many cases. Slight gelatinisation is present. In mature basidiomata occasional oleiferous hyphae separate the cuticle from the hypoderm in which the cylindrical cells are also pigmented and radially parallel, but thick walled and much inflated (9.7-15.8 um in diameter). Beneath this layer, and also separated from it again by oleiferous hyphae in mature basidiomata, is a much wider layer of loosely interwoven cells which grade into the radially parallel, narrower tramal hyphae. Clamp connections were absent from all these hyphae. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores (Plate 2, No 3) reveal an interconnected, slightly raised ornamentation which is distinctly lowered at the supra-apicular depression. This area can also be seen in light microscopy. Habit and habitat: Scattered on soil in dry and wet sclerophyll and rain forest in which Eucalyptus is dominant. Distribution: Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand (type). Material studied: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Bateman's Bay, Kioloa State Forest, 19th May 1983, A.E.Wood & J.J.Bruhl, (UNSW 83/778); Jamberoo, Barren Grounds Bird Observatory, 11th April 1987, A.E.Wood et al., (UNSW 87/36); Dungog, Chichester State Forest, 24th April 1993, F. Taeker (UNSW 93/33). NEW ZEALAND: Greymouth, Lake Hochstetter, 29th March, 1968, E.Horak (PDD 27098) holotype. 106 Fig. 2. Phaeocollybia ratticauda Hk. UNSW 93/33: A. basidiome, B. basidiospores, C. basidia, D. cheilocystidia, E. pleurocystidia, F. caulocystidia, G. pileocystidia. Phaeocollybia ratticauda vat myrtaceophila 94/53 (holotype): H. Basidiome, I. basidiospores. Scale bar = 1 cm for A & H, 5 um for B and I, 10 um for C, D, E, F&G. Of the species described as having purple colourations in lamellae or stipe at some stage in their development, P. ratticauda Hk. lies close to P. rancida Hk. from India, from which it can be distinguished by its pileus shape, abruptly tapering pseudorhiza, smaller spore size and differently shaped 107 cheilocystidia. Microscopically P. ratticauda is very similar to P. caudata Hk. & Halling from Colombia and P. querqueti Corner & Horak from North Borneo. P. caudata posesses an abruptly tapering pseudorhiza, small spores and capitate cheilocystidia but has a differently shaped and coloured pileus from P. ratticauda, whereas the spores of P. querqueti are smaller, the pseudorhiza is tapering rather than abruptly radicating, and the taste and smell are reported to be soapy (Horak 1991). In most respects the Australian collections approximate very closely to Horak's original description (1973) of P. ratticauda from New Zealand. Purple colour is present in the upper portion of the stipe and in the lamellae of most collections (more so at maturity in our case) as well as in the stipe flesh. There is some variability in the shape of the base, but in most cases the stipe ends in an abruptly radicating tail. There is also some variation in the pileus surface with most Australian collections showing small, fibrillar, buff coloured scales. In water-soaked collections scales are sparse, and the surface of the pileus appears hygrophanous. Scales are not present in the type species due, perhaps, to weathering. Microscopically, the major differences from the type as described are the presence of numerous pileocystidia and pleurocystidia similar to the cheilocystidia. These are less obvious on the cap in some cases but are borne both terminally and laterally on the hyphae. Once the tissue has been pressed out, pileocystidia are quite numerous even in mature caps. In addition, caulocystidia have been found on all collections. Re-examination of the New Zealand type collection reveals numerous pleurocystidia, sparse pileocystidia and caulocystidia. The upper limit of the spore size range lies just beyond 6.5 tm, placing the species intermediate between Sections Microsporae and Versicolores (Singer, 1987). In collections initially identified as P. ratticauda small variations occur in cap colour, size and shape of spores and shape of cheilocystidia. So few collections are available for examination that this may simply be ascribed to infraspecific variation until such time as sufficient data are available to support the erection of new taxa. However, differences in spore shape taken in conjunction with other characters are, in our view, significant enough to support the creation of the following variety. 3 Phaeocollybia_ ratticauda var myrtaceophila Rees & Wood, var. nov. Fig. 2 H-I Plate 2. No. 4. Pileus 13-40 mm latus, campanulatus dein obtuse convexus, ambusto-aurantiacus; squamulosus, subgelatinosus. Lamellae subliberae vel liberae, cremeae dein ferrugineae. Stipes usque ad 60 x 4-7 mm, radicatus, sursum pallide basim versus Plate 2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Micrographs (FESEM) of basidiospore surfaces. 3. Phaeocollybia ratticauda PDD 27098 (holotype) has a low broad surface ornamentation with a pronounced area of lowered ornamentation at the supra-apicular depression which is clearly visible in light microscopy. 4. Basidiospores of P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila UNSW 94/53 (holotype) which are a little larger, have a higher ornamentation and only a small area of lowered ornamentation (arrow) at the supra-apicular depression which is not visible in light microscopy. 5. Surface of an immature basidiospore of Phaeocollybia tasmanica HO 124696 (holotype) showing characteristic elongate shape, perisporial remnants (p), and a low broad pattern of ornamentation which is not lowered appreciably at the supra-apicular depression (arrow). 6. A mature basidiospore selected from the same lamellae fragment in which all traces of perisporium have disappeared and only a slightly lowered area of ornamentation is present near the supra-apicular depression (arrow). Magnification throughout x15,000. 109 aurantiacus pileum concolor. Sporae 5.7 - 6.3(-6.9) x 4.0 - 4.8 pum. Cheilocystidia versiformia, ventricosa vel fusoidia capitulo 1-2 [um instructo. Holotypus: Australia, New South Wales, Springwood, Sassafras Gully. On soil in wet sclerophyll forest, 16th April 1994, B.J. Rees & A.E.Wood, UNSW 94/53. Pileus 13-40 mm, campanulate to low convex with a broad central umbo; margin broadly undulating to reflexed in places; burnt orange (5A12-13B12), margin a little paler; dull, smooth, moist to slightly viscid, hygrophanous but not pellucid striate; finely radially fibrillose (under a hand lens), with fine, pale buff, slightly uplifted, tomentose scales confluent at the disc, more discreet at the margin; context dull, watery cream, 5 mm deep. Lamellae free but very close to stipe apex, very crowded, thin; margin concolourous, a little serrulate; pale cream becoming light tan to rusty tan; 3 sets of lamellulae with occasional anastomoses. Stipe 20-60 x 4-7 mm at the apex; variable in shape, mostly slightly enlarged at the base, before abruptly radicating; central, circular, smooth with a few scattered dark orange hairs especially towards the base; light creamy tan at the apex, more cap coloured below; tough, cartilaginous, hollow; stipe flesh pale watery cream, darker at base; no velar remains. Odour like peanuts. Taste nutty to raphanoid. Chemical tests: 5% KOH on pileus darkens to chestnut but not black. No pigment diffusing from lamellae fragments in 5% KOH. Spore print : dull rusty brown. Basidiospores (50/5/2), 5.7-6.3(-6.9) x 4.0-4.8 (x = 6.22+0.35 x 4.31+0.18) um, Q = 1.44, obovoid to pip shaped, verruculose, no plage or germ pore in light microscopy, melleous, inamyloid. Basidia 22-24 x 5-7 wm, clavate, 4-spored (some 2 or 3-spored). Cheilocystidia 17-30 x 2-5 um, versiform, predominantly ventricose to fusoid with a capitate apex 1-2 um in diameter surmounting the very narrow neck section, some filiform to utriform shapes as well, thin walled, numerous. Pleurocystidia sparse to absent. Tramal hyphae parallel, of long cylindrical cells 2.5-8 um in diameter. Caulocystidia capitate, 15-20 um, cylindrical with a capitellum 1-2 um, borne terminally or laterally below ground level and also present at apex and mid stipe. Pilleipellis a cutis composed of radially parallel, pigmented, cylindrical hyphae 2.6-4.4 tum with rounded to swollen ends, surmounted by an epicutis of tangled to upright hyphae with numerous, occasionally pigmented cystidia born both laterally and terminally. These are cylindrical in shape, 10-25 x 1-2 um, with a capitate apex 1-2 Um. Some slight gelatinisation is present in the epicutis. Most intracellular pigment is to be found in the bottom layers of the cutis and the hypoderm. This consists of inflated cells 7-10 um in diameter and is separated from the interwoven tramal hyphae by occasional oleiferous hyphae. No clamp connections were observed in any tissues. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores (Plate 2 No. 4) show a discrete, conspicuous ornamentation with very little lowering at the supra- apicular depression which is not visible in light microscopy. Habit and habitat: In troops on soil near the base of dry fruited myrtaceous species such as Syncarpia.glomulifera (Sm.)Nied., Backhousia myrtifolia Hook. f. & 110 Harvey and Tristaniopsis collina Peter G. Wilson & Waterhouse in wet sclerophyll forest. Distribution: Australia. Material studied: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Canyonleigh, 25th March 1990, R.J.King, (UNSW 90/91); Springwood, Sassafras Gully, 16th April 1994, B.J.Rees & A.E.Wood, (UNSW 94/49, UNSW 94/51 and UNSW 94/53 [Holotype]). The combination of an abruptly tapering pseudorhiza, obovoid to pip- shaped spores and fusoid-capitate cheilocystidia places P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila closest to P. ratticauda Hk. and P. caudata Hk. & Halling neither of which are described as having a scaley pileus. The paler, burnt orange colour and total absence of purple colouration at all stages of development further distinguish the two varieties although microscopically they are very similar. However, the surface ornamentation of the basidiospores in P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila is higher and more discreet and the plage smaller. In addition, pleurocystidia (which are numerous in P. ratticauda), are sparse or totally absent. There is no smell of burnt hair in any collections. P. caudata (Hk. & Halling) is much closer to P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila in colour, but has a wider stipe, a conic to obtuse papilla on a pileus which later develops red brown spots at maturity and lacks scaliness. The upper limit of the spore size range lies just beyond 6.5 um placing the variety intermediate between Sections Microsporae and Versicolores (Singer, 1987). 4. Phaeocollybia tasmanica Rees & Wood sp. nov. Illustration: Fuhrer, B. & Robinson, R. Rainforest fungi of Tasmania and S.E. Australia. p55 (1992). Fig. 3. A-G. Plate 2. Nos. 5&6. Pileus 25-40 mm latus (in statu sicco), late convexus, margine incurvata dein aliquantum reflexo, castaneo-brunneus, hygrophanus. Lamellae adnexae vel subliberae, lilacinae dein brunneus. Stipes centralis, basi bulbosus tum paulo attenuiti, castaneo-brunneus. Sporae 6.3-6.6 (-6.9) x 3.9-4.5 um, medio-melleae, primo oblongae dein ellipsoideae, verruculosae. Cheilocystidia versiformia, ventricosa vel fusiformia capitulo 1-2 [um diametro instructa. Holotypus: Australia. Tasmania, Ringarooma, Mount Victoria, Ralphs Falls, 16th May 1990, R. Robinson & B. Fuhrer, HO124696 type. Macroscopic description compiled from illustration (loc. cit.) and dried fruit body characters. 111 Pileus 25-40 mm in the dried state, broadly convex, circular, margin entire at first, but splitting radially with age, no velar remains, inrolled at first becoming slightly recurved at maturity; chestnut brown with a brown margin; dull, moist, hygrophanous; no obvious scales. Lamellae adnexed, crowded, thin, lilac, becoming brown at maturity; three sets of lamellulae. Stipe central, "bulbous" or swollen at base, then tapering gradually to a long radicating tail; probably hollow; exterior chestnut brown throughout; no velar remains. Odour not recorded. Taste nutty, not at all bitter in the dried state. Chemical tests: 5% KOH on pileus surface darkens to chestnut but not black. No pigment diffusing from lamellae fragments in 5% KOH. Basidiospores [30/3/1] 5.3-6.9 x 3.6-4.5 (X = 6.2+0.5 x 4:0+0,3) um, Q = 1.57, elliptical to pip shaped, verruculose, no germ pore or plage, warm melleous, inamyloid. Basidia 18-21 x 4-6 um, hyaline, small and narrowly clavate with a broad base, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 15-25 x 3-5 tm, hyaline, cylindrical, with an abruptly tapering, short, narrow neck section terminating in a small capitellum 1-2 um in diameter. Many of these cheilocystidia appear to be séptate at first, but are born on slightly inflated, sub-cystidial cells from which they are separated without branching by a simple septum. Forking and asymmetrical cheilocystidia are also present (Fig. 3 D), and there is an area at the apex of many which will not take up Congo Red. Pleurocystidia numerous, capitate, like cheilocystidia. Hymenophoral trama sub-parallel, consisting of long, hyaline, thin walled, hyphae 1.8-7.0 tum in diameter. Caulocystidia short 1.5-5 x 1 um, peg shaped with tiny caputs, 1-2 tm, arising from the sides of the hyphae below ground level only. Pilleipellis a cutis composed of encrusted hyphae in which no gelatinisation is evident, separated from a wide, darkly pigmented hypoderm by occasional oleiferous hyphae. Capitate, cylindrical pileocystidia 5-10 x 1-2 um are present, but sparse. Other hyphae have broadly clavate endings. No clamp connections are present in any tissues. FESEM of basidiospores reveals the presence of elongate immature forms (Plate 2. No 5), and the area of lowered ornamentation near the supra-apicular depression is small at maturity (Plate 2 No. 6). This is not visible in light microscopy. : Habit and habitat: Recorded as growing "on a Nothofagus cunninghamii log" in callidendrous forest (Fuhrer & Robinson,1992). The log appears to be partly covered by soil in the accompanying illustration. Distribution: Australia. Material studied: AUSTRALIA. Tasmania: Ringarooma, Mount Victoria, Ralphs Falls, 16th May 1990, R. Robinson & B. Fuhrer, HO 124696 (holotype). This 1s the voucher collection which figures in the photograph by Fuhrer & Robinson (1992). P. tasmanica lies very close to P. ratticauda Hk. both macro and microscopically. In the absence of a good field character description, but working from a very good photograph, P. tasmanica is seen to have a moist, but not viscid pileus of a slightly darker colour than that 112 Fig. 3. Phaeocollybia tasmanica HO 124696 (holotype): A. basidiome, B. basidiospores, C. basidia, D. cheilocystidia, E. pleurocystidia, F. caulocystidia. G. pileocystidia. Scale bar = 5 um for B, 10 pm for C, Debets and G. (A not necessarily to scale, redrawn from photograph). described for P. ratticauda Hk. It is more deeply pigmented in the dried condition. In the three fruit bodies pictured, the pseudorhiza tapers less abruptly below its swollen base than that of P. ratticauda. Microscopically 113 the spores of P. tasmanica are a deeper melleous colour in 5%KOH than P. ratticauda, and are slightly longer and narrower with a less obvious area of lowered ornamentation at the supra-apicular depression in SEM. In addition the cheilocystidia are longer, often bifurcating or asymmetrical (Fig. 3H) and are separated from substantial, inflated, sub-cystidial cells by a septum at which branching is infrequent in most cases. There are no scales on the pileus, but sparse capitate pileocystidia are nevertheless present. The lack of scales and hygrophanous appearance could be due to water-soaking. The upper limit of the spore length range exceeds 6.5 tum placing the species intermediate between sections Microsporae and Versicolores of Singer's classification (1987). Uncertain species. Phaeocollybia primulina (Berk.) Hk. Sydowia 29, 28-71 (1977). The type material of this species, collected from Pennant Hills, N.S.W. in 1874-75 by the British "Challenger" expedition, is in poor condition. It consists of three small fruit bodies, yellowish orange in colour, one of which has become detached from a small twig still bearing remains of basal mycelium. A slight amount of golden-yellow pigment similar in colour to styrylpyrone pigments diffuses from lamellar fragments mounted in 5% aqueous KOH. The collection seems to be immature and cystidia can no longer be recovered although previous examiners have observed them to be lecythiform to tibiiform in shape. Many of the spores are not fully developed but some golden yellow, ornamented, dextrinoid spores 7.2-8.4 x 5.1-5.7 lum are present, many of which have a mucronate apex. Spores of this shape are to be found in at least one common species of Gymnopilus occurring in the area from which the specimen was collected (Rees, ined.). This species has been variously placed in Marasmius by Berkeley (1877), Gymnopilus by Pegler (1965), Phaeocollybia by Horak (1977) and affiliations with Galerina suggested by Singer (1986). It is now difficult to determine with certainty where it truly belongs. In light of its occurrence on wood, its orange-yellow slightly tomentose pileal surface, the presence of mucronate, dextrinoid spores, lecythiform cystidia and slight amount of diffusing lemon-gold pigment it should probably remain as Gymnopilus primulinus (Berk.)Pegler until further collections of the same species can be made or the type subjected to nucleotide analysis. DISCUSSION Ecology The presence of the genus Phaeocollybia in Australia could be expected following its discovery in New Zealand and New Guinea where its distribution has been linked to that of Nothofagus spp (Horak,1983). In New 114 South Wales, however, it has been found in warm temperate coastal areas in association with leptospermoid myrtaceous genera such as Eucalyptus, Tristaniopsis, Backhousia and Syncarpia. No Nothofagus or Quercus spp are present in these mainland locations, although conifers such as Podocarpus ~ can occasionally be found. In Tasmania P. ratticauda Hk., now P. tasmanica, has been reported growing "on a Nothofagus cunninghamii log" but this appears to be partially covered by soil in the accompanying illustration (Fuhrer & Robinson,1992). This species was also recorded from a pure Leptospermum stand in New Zealand (Horak,1983). The absence of Phaeocollybia collections from southern S. America is puzzling in light of the presence there of Nothofagus forests. However, the area is devoid of dry fruited myrtaceous species with the exception of Tepualia stipularis Griseb. which has only been recorded from Chile. The possibility exists that Phaeocollybia may yet be found in these locations or that the genus is not as host specific as was formerly thought. On the other hand its distribution may well be linked to dry fruited myrtaceous species rather than Nothofagus spp. The presence of Phaeocollybia could reasonably be expected in New Caledonia if its occurrence is linked to either Nothofagus spp or dry fruited myrtaceous species, both of which occur there as well as in New Guinea. Either as a weak parasite or mycorrhizal symbiont, species of the genus appear to have arisen with, or adapted comfortably to a variety of dry fruited myrtaceous hosts on the Australian mainland. Interestingly, the closest relatives to the Australian species are to be found in Colombia and Borneo suggesting a pan-tropical distribution. Taxonomy The similarity in stature and colour of species together with the rareness of fruiting have contributed to difficulties with identification and separation of species within the genus (Smith,1957). Small variations in morphology with regard to basidiospore size and shape, cystidia shape and the presence or absence of clamp connections have been reported for P. kauffmanii (Smith)Sing. (Redhead & Norvell,1993). Similar variations together with slight differences in cap colour and scaliness are also to be found in a group of species centred around P. ratticauda Hk. in Australia. In this connection, ultrastructural features such as basidiospore ornamentation and plage size have been found useful in separating species, but further work will be needed as more collections become available. The presence of a rat- tail like pseudorhiza in more than one species indicates that this feature may be more wide spread in different species than previously supposed (Horak, 1977; Horak & Halling, 1991). The presence of caulocystidia below ground level is confirmed as a generic feature for all Australian collections as it has been for many northern hemisphere species (Redhead & Malloch,1985; Laber,1991;Redhead & 115 Norvell,1993). In many Australian collections they have also been found at the middle and apex of the stipe. In addition, pleurocystidia have been found in four out of five taxa described. They are frequently inconspicuous in many genera within the Cortinariaceae (Rees, ined.) but were reported for some Phaeocollybia spp by Smith (1957). Capitate pileocystidia have also been found on epicuticular hyphae of all Australian collections. They are occasionally pigmented, sparse to numerous, and can arise terminally or laterally. These structures have not been recorded for other collections world- wide. Re-examination of the three type collections from New Zealand P. ratticauda Hk., P. longipes Hk. and P. festiva Hk. reveals the presence of capitate caulocystidia in all three cases. Capitate pileocystidia are present in P. ratticauda but the latter two species have only occasional sub-capitate endings. The type of P. caudata Hk. & Halling examined in conjunction with P. ratticauda was found to possess caulocystidia at base and apex of the stipe but only narrowly clavate endings on cuticular hyphae of the pileus. Difficulty with spore size limits has arisen when trying to place species in Sections according to Singer (1986,1987). This could be resolved by extending the spore size cut off point for sections to > or < 7.0 um rather than 6.5 um. Biological Status Attempts to trace the pseudorhiza to a possible connection with densely matted plant host roots in a recent fresh collection of P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila Rees & Wood were unsuccessful. The pseudorhiza was at least twice as long as the stipe length above ground and no evidence of mycorrhizal infection was found on any neighbouring plant roots. Attempts to culture recent fresh collections of P. ratticauda var myrtaceophila on potato dextrose agar and modified Melin Norkran's agar were unsuccessful. Acknowledgements: Our thanks go to Mr M. Mills and Mr G. Kantvilas (HO), Dr B. Segedin and Dr E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD) and Dr R. Halling (NY) for the willing loan of herbarium specimens; Mrs J. DeNardi (UNSW) and Dr P. Wilson (RBG) for help with plant identification and Prof. Dr E. Horak for his continued interest in and advice with the Australian fungal flora and for kindly agreeing to review the manuscript. REFERENCES Bandala-Mufioz, V.M., Guzman, G. & Montoya-Bello, L. (1989). Additions to the knowledge of Phaeocollybia (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae ) in Mexico, with description of new species. Mycotaxon 35: 127-152. Bandala, V.M. & Montoya, L. (1994). Further investigations on Phaeocollybia with notes on infrageneric classification. Mycoyaxon 52: 397-422. Berkeley, M.J. (1877). Fungi of the "Challenger" expedition. J. Linn. Soc., Bot.16: 38. 116 Cheeseman, G.N. & Grund, D.W. (1985). Preparation of agaric material for SEM examination: an improved method. Mycotaxon 23: 451-455. Fuhrer, B. & Robinson, R. (1992). Rainforest fungi of Tasmania and south-east Australia. p55. CSIRO: Melbourne, Australia. Garrido, N. (1985). Index Agaricalium Chilensium. Cramer, Vaduz. Guzman, G., Bandala-Mufioz, V. M. & Montoya-Bello, L. (1987). The known species of Phaeocollybia (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae) in Mexico. Mycotaxon 30: 221-238. Horak, E. (1973). Fungi agaricini Novazealandi. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 43: 183- oe Horak, E. (1974). Two species of Phaeocollybia (Agaricales, Fungi) from India. Acta Bot. Indica 2: 69-73. Horak, E. (1977). Further additions towards a monograph of Phaeocollybia. Sydowia 29: 28-71. Horak, E. (1979). Fungi, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales y Gasteromycetes Secotioides, flora criptogdmica de tierra del fuego. Tomo XI - Fasiculo 6, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Horak, E. (1983). Mycogeography in the south Pacific region: Agaricales, Boletales. Austral. J. Bot. Supplementary series 10: 1-41. Horak, E. & Halling, R.E. (1991). New records of Phaeocollybia from Colombia. Mycologia 83: 464-472. Imazeki, R. & Hongo, T. (1981). Coloured illustrations of fungi of Japan II. Osaka. Japan. Laber, D. (1991). Erganzung zu "Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Phaeocollybia und ihr Vorkommen im siidlichen Schwarzwald." Z. Mykol. 57: 109-116. Maerz, A J. & Paul M.R. (1930). A Dictionary of Colour. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. U.S.A. Moser, M. (1983). Keys to agarics and boleti (polyporales, boletales, agaricales, russulales). Roger Phillips, London. U.K. Nezdoyminogo, E.L. (1990). Plantae non vasculares, fungi et bryopsida. Orientis extremi Sovietici. 1. Basidiomycetes. Nauca, St Petersburg, Russia. Pegler, D.N. (1965). Studies on australasian Agaricales. Austral. J. Bot. 13: 323- 356. Raithelhuber, J. (1987). Flora Mycologica Argentina. I-III. Stuttgart, Germany. Redhead, S.A. & Malloch, D.W. (1986) The genus Phaeocollybia (Agaricales) in eastern Canada and its biological status. Canad. J. Bot. 64: 1249-1254. Redhead, S.A. & Norvell, L.L. (1993). Phaeocollybia in western Canada. Mycotaxon 46: 343-358. Singer, R. (1961). Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium II. Sydowia 15: 45-83. Singer, R. (1970). Phaeocollybia (Cortinariaceae - Basidiomycetes). Fl. Neotrop. 4: 3-11. Singer, R. (1986). The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th Edition. pp 663- 666. Koeltz. Koenigstein, Germany. Singer, R. (1987). Phaeocollybia in the oak woods of Costa Rica, with notes on extralimital taxa. Mycol. Helv. 2: 247-266. Smith, A.H. (1957). A contribution toward a monograph of Phaeocollybia. Brittonia 9: 195-217 MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 117-123 January-March 1996 FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CORTICIOID FUNGI (BASIDIOMYCOTINA, APHYLLOPHORALES) FROM ARGENTINA NILS HALLENBERG Department of Systematic Botany, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22, S-413 19 Goteborg, Sweden KURT HJORTSTAM Mdlaregatan 12, S-441 35 Alingsds, Sweden Abstract. Four new species of Corticiaceae (Basidiomycotina) are described from Argentina: Athelopsis virescens, Hyphodontia crustosoglobosa, H. nesporina, and Vuilleminia subglobispora. ATHELOPSIS VIRESCENS Hallenb. & Hjortstam nov.sp. Figo); Basidioma resupinatum, laxe adnatum, pelliculare; margine indeterminato. Rhizomorphae nullae. Hymenophorum leve, albidum vel plerumque viridescens. Subiculum tenue, albidum. Systema hyphale monomiticum; hyphae basales tenuitunicatae vel moderate crassiusculae, 2-3 jm _ latae, leves, vel incrustatissimae; hyphae subhymeniales tenuitunicatae, 3-3.5(-#) ym latae, incrustatissimae. Hyphae semper fibulatae. Cystidia nulla. Basidia subpendiculata, basaliter incrustata, (15-)20-25 x 4-4.5(-5) pm, cum 4 sterigmatibus. Sporae leves, tenuitunicatae, variabiles, ellipsoideae, 5-6(-7) x 2.5- 3.2 ym, raro conglutinatae. Holotypus: Argentina, Tierra del Fuego, Lapataia National Park, on a fallen branch of Nothofagus, NH 1993-03-08, 12483 (GB). Paratypi: ditto NH 12442, 12443 and 12481; Tierra del Fuego, Est. las Hijas on Nothofagus 1993-03-06 NH 12412; Tierra del Fuego, Ski-lift area N of Ushuaia on Nothofagus 1993-03-09 NH 12518; Tierra del Fuego, near Est. Haberton NH 1993- 03-09 12548 on Nothofagus; Chubut, Los Alerces National Park, Alerzal on Nothofagus 1993-03-15 NH 12646, all (GB). BASIDIOME resupinate, loosely adnate, thin, athelioid. MARGIN not differentiated and rhizomorphs absent. HYMENOPHORE smooth, whitish or commonly with a tint of green, in KOH immediately yellowish green. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; basal hyphae thin to moderately thick-walled, rather straight and uniform, 2.5-3 pm wide, moderately branched, mostly encrusted with rather small crystals, forming a thin, whitish subiculum. Subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, slightly broader, 3-3.5(-4) pm wide, as a rule strongly encrusted with small crystals. All hyphae with clamp-connexions. CYSTIDIA absent. 118 BASIDIA in most cases subpedunculate to more rarely pedunculate, basally encrusted, (15-20-25 x 4-4.5(-5) pm, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp- connexion. SPORES smooth, thin-walled, apparently variable in size and shape, ellipsoid 5-6 (-7) x 2.5-3.2 ym, normally single, rarely glued together, inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous. The specimens were found on naked wood or on still-attached bark, always associated with a white rot. A very characteristic species and in outer appearance it is reminiscent of Athelopsis glaucina (Bourdot & Galzin) Parmasto which, however, never is discoloured yellowish green with KOH. Microscopically the latter species is well separated by cylindric spores measuring 9-10 x 2-2.5 pm and invariable glued together in groups of 2 to 4. 2 ym Fig. 1. Athelopsis virescens. A, Section through basidiome; B, Spores. From the holotype. 119 HYPHODONTIA CRUSTOSOGLOBOSA Hallenb. & Hjortstam nov.sp. Fig. 2. Hyphodontia crustosa (Pers.:Fr.) J. Erikss. tangit, sed cum sporis plus minusve globosis, 4.5 um diametro vel 5 x 3.8(--# ym. Holotypus: Argentina, Chubut, Lago Puelo National Park, mouth of Rio Azul, on a fallen branch of a broad-leaved tree NH 1993-03-18, 12738 (GB). Paratypi: Argentina, Rio Negro, El Bolson, Loma del Medio, on a fallen branch of a broad-leaved tree, NH 1993-03-18, 12728; Rio Negro, Nauhel National Park, on decayed deciduous wood, Dec. 1987, Havrylenko leg., det. Hjortstam, all (GB). BASIDIOME resupinate, closely adnate and not easily detachable, confluent. HYMENOPHOERE greyish white to somewhat pale yellowish, at first smooth, then with small, separated and smooth aculei less than 0.2 mm long and approximately 5-6/mm. Margin thin, slightly farinose. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; hyphae loosely intertwined, 2.5 - 3 pm wide, somewhat irregular in outline, encrusted, thin to moderately thin-walled. All hyphae with clamp-connexions. . C Fig. 2. Hyphodontia crustosoglobosa. A, Cystidia; B, Hymenial details showing basidium repetition Ceft) and wall thickening of basal part of a basidium (right); C, Spores. From the holotype. 120 CYSTIDIA (or rather hyphal ends) abundant, 30-40 pm long, up to 5 pm wide, irregularly shaped and with a pointed or capitulate tip. BASIDIA at first short-clavate, then elongated clavate and with a median constriction, 17-25 x 4.5-5 ym, with four, more rarely two sterigmata and a basal clamp-connexion. Basal part of basidia often with thickened walls, occasional repetobasidia observed. SPORES nearly globose, smooth, with thickened walls, 4.5 ym across (5 x 3.8-4 ym), inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous. The species is reminscent of H. crustosa, which is a common species at least in Europe and with preference to grow on still attached branches of various deciduous trees. Hyphodontia crustosoglobosa is, however, easily separated by subglobose and somewhat thick-walled spores, whereas in H. crustosa the spores are subcylindrical and thin-walled. [se A i ; Oo 5 um B On Omen ce Fig. 3. Hyphodontia nesporina (holotype). A, Hymenial details; B, Spores. Comparisons between Hyphodontia nesporina (C, D from holotype) and H. nespori (E, F from NH 3383). C, E, Hyphal endings in apices of aculei. D, F, Density of aculei on the hymenophore. 121 HYPHODONTIA NESPORINA Hallenb. & Hjortstam nov.sp. Piowo: Habitu et textura Hyphodontiae nespori (Bres.) J. Erikss. & Hjortstam similis, differt hyphae ad apicem plus minusve subulatis. Cystidia desunt, basidia suburniformia, constricta, 25-30 x 4-5 um, cum 4 sterigmatibus, sporis anguste ellipsoideis vel plerumque cylindraceis (6-) 6.5-7 x 2.2-2.5 wm. Holotypus: Argentina, Chubut, Lago Puelo National Park, mouth of Rio Azul, on a standing tree (Myricaceae), NH 1993-03-18, 12745 (GB). Paratypus: ditto on a fallen log of a broad-leaved tree NH 12743 (GB) BASIDIOME resupinate, closely adnate, but relatively easy to detach from the substratum. HYMENOPHORE cracking, whitish to pale yellowish when older, densely aculeate. Aculei about 0.1-0.2 mm long and 10-12/mm, conical or more commonly cylindrical with a fimbriate apex. Margin abrupt. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; basal hyphae rather thick-walled, (2.5-) 3-4 pm wide and often abundantly encrusted; aculeal hyphae thin-walled to moderately thick-walled, some irregular and subulate, encrusted. All hyphae with clamp- connexions. CYSTIDIA absent. BASIDIA typically Hyphodontia-like, suburniform with a median constriction or sinuous, 25-30 x 4.5-5 pm, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp-connexion. SPORES narrowly ellipsoid to more commonly cylindrical, smooth, thin-walled, (6-)6.5-7 x 2.2-2.5 ym, inamyloid, indextrinoid and acyanophilous. In outer appearance very similar to Hyphodontia nespori (Bres.) J.Erikss. & Hjortstam, but microscopically separated by subulate hyphal ends in the aculei. In the latter the hyphal ends are obtuse and also capitate ends always occur. Moreover, the hymenophore is more densely aculeate. Spores and other microscopical details are very similar between the two species. VUILLEMINIA SUBGLOBISPORA Hallenb. & Hjortstam nov. sp. Fig. 4. Habitu et textura Vuilleminiae comedenti (Nees : Fr.) Maire affinis, a qua imprimis differt sporis subglobosis 14.5-16(-18) x 9.5-12(-13) yum. Holotypus: Argentina, Chubut, Lago Puelo National Park, Arroyo Aguja Norte, on fallen log of a broad-leaved tree in a forest with Libocedrus (Austrocedrus) chilensis (L. Don) Endl. and Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels., N. Hallenberg & M. Rajchenberg 1993-03-19, NH 12761 (GB). BASIDIOME resupinate, closely adnate, ceraceous to gelatinous, somewhat horny when dried, about 0.25 mm thick. HYMENOPHOERE smooth, pruinose under the lens, light ochraceous with a slight reddish tint; margin abrupt. HYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic; hyphae with clamps at all septa, with thin to thickened walls, 2.5-4 pm wide; basal layer composed of densely agglutinated hyphae running parallel to the substratum, rather sparsely branched, hyphae in context more loosely arranged, intertwined and easily separated from each other when mounting for the microscope. DENDROHYPHIDIA frequent in the hymenium, irregularly branched, hyphoid, intermixed with the basidia. CYSTIDIA absent. 122 BASIDIA more or less clavate, sinuous, with a long, tapering base, sometimes with adventitious septa, 10-13-15) pm wide and up to 150 pm long, with four prominent sterigmata and a basal clamp-connexion. SPORES subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 14.5-16(-18) x 9.5-12(-13) pm, with thickened walls, inamyloid, indextrinoid, and acyanophilous. Spm a! 10pm Fig. 4. Vuilleminia subglobispora. A, Section through basidiome; B, Spores. From the holotype. | Wa, V. subglobispora differs from other members of the genus mainly by basidiome development on the surface of tree bark instead of between bark and wood. Nevertheless, the species is actually decorticating as a result of its decay activities. Other differences are the subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores and the presence of a well developed basal layer in V. subglobispora, a character which most probably is connected with the position of the basidiome. Microscopical characters of the hymenial layer are clearly indicative for the genus Vuilleminia. Results from polarity tests based on a few single-spore (7) cultures indicate that the species is tetrapolar which is in accordance with other species of the genus. DNA-sequencing (ITS2, nuclear rDNA) was performed for V. subglobispora, as well as for the other species of Vuilleminia published so far. The results from this phylogenetic analysis will be published later on, but it is quite clear that the ITS2 sequences from V. subglobispora are easily aligned with other representatives of the genus. V. subglobispora is separated from other representatives in 34-38 bp (single substitutions and a few deletions). Total length of ITS2 is 186 bp. The ITS2 sequence for V. subglobispora is available from the senior author upon request. Acknowledgement We thank Hans-JOrgen Winqvist, Lerum, for correcting the Latin. ere ’ ‘> NET fh She ‘ Passes ven te i yi a bu one i Lay saree pa aa tye tea ; " an vs bata ATONE ses ie ie hl i Ws np ah aviae is a Pyar : s yee ea ifuneiis a ye in ¥ : am. aa oe » re oi 4) en ae ye nie ne neues ei cent wh ee si ‘ he ie id Be . Ss bate) Hai so ve ae ae a ” ‘- i a. ij Pe Ss x " By c ew be y a : hi ; \ i ad ¥ ~ ft 5 ‘ 1 ur a ¥ - . phn Nh ch a ee an ey ae ae) iy ni) as rae WL tein MEU nek ey « oie ; 1 pe H . ie i : Hi ae Ay ip ey 13 ne \ as ”~ . 4 ‘ f - i “i “re as 2 Ge ate i, mh at 9 ‘ ) s am ie DA Re bet oO) ty y b xs ng : ‘ i] : he, - ‘ 7) | Ae ‘ ; @ a i ’ os nt : r ' s, ' qr ie ) eek + : 4 A j hdviiennn™ wo | \ ; iT i bare ’ iu | kr ; eae | y 4 a Los > “ie jaa #3) ( a i? ' t ne r vi’ ; x ‘ ) wn ae) ’ j ; le j i Mag, wR 4 "oy H a? iene “ah q ns [ vs as baler hal M o \ 2 ie ; ' | i ’ Ne ith AAT ‘ee . api Thi ; jel +e " Ve | ‘ i ‘ i a F ii , ‘ Aye ay 1 ia 4 hy r) j , | by od esi Lagi? is ry : Ps ; ld te Mi \ a! ¥ hs, i) spat ialrs i a" nai, : La tat a r ® & Ys Ne h ‘ a re 7 N iy. : Yh rd [. 4 et », ot 7 an, - r ¥), y \ ie eee’ gr iw y x J uf! ay Sale ry) yy NS, ? fy by ae) Pay ae os . # pants te sot! he ; delet A Peri ya tne F Nees ap mar ny Pais ai “hy Bite : mee va * F bs : - e < ; oe (v* J - a oe mre ‘ " : ny ‘ ala aN 2 gl ld |e OM a en ea Se MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 125-143 January-March 1996 INDEX OF FUNGI DESCRIBED FROM THE PANDANACEAE E.H.C. McKENZIE Herbarium PDD, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand and K.D. HYDE Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Abstract Fungi described from members of the Pandanaceae are listed alphabetically. They comprise 35 species from Freycinetia (15 ascomycetes, 4 basidiomycetes, and 16 deuteromycetes) and 135 species from Pandanus (59 ascomycetes, 15 basidiomycetes, 60 deuteromycetes, and 1 myxomycete). The original reference, synonyms, collections, and herbarium details known to us are given for each species. Introduction The monocotyledonous family Pandanaceae has members throughout the Old World tropics to Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of Polynesia (Willis 1973, Mabberley 1987). There are 3 genera: Freycinetia, Pandanus, and Sararanga. We are investigating the mycobiota on the Pandanaceae (e.g., McKenzie 1995), and towards this end present a list of fungi described from this family. When species that are now regarded as synonyms are included, Freycinetia is the substrate for the type specimens of 15 ascomycetes, 4 basidiomycetes, 13 hyphomycetes, and 3 coelomycetes; 59 ascomycetes, 15 basidiomycetes, 25 hyphomycetes, 35 coelomycetes, and 1 myxomycete have been described from Pandanus. No fungi have been recorded on Sararanga. 126 The first fungi to be described from the Pandanaceae were Sphaeria fur and S. profuga (Ehrenberg 1820) on Pandanus from the Marshall Islands. Most ascomycete species on Pandanus have been described from the Philippines (13), Indonesia (11), and India (6). Hennings (1908) recorded the first ascomycete from Freycinetia when he described Awerswaldia merrillii Henn. from the Philippines. Most records of ascomycetes on Freycinetia are from Hawaii (6), the Philippines (4), and New Zealand (3). Currently the best represented ascomycete genera are Meliola and Nectria, each with four species described as new from Pandanus. Basidiomycetes are poorly represented on the Pandanaceae. The first to be described was Polyporus pandani (Fries 1838) on Pandanus in Vietnam. Two rust fungi have been described from Freycinetia in Indonesia and New Zealand. The first deuteromycete described from Freycinetia was Melanconium freycinetiae, recorded on plants cultivated in Germany (Hennings 1898). Corda (1837) described six deuteromycetes on dead leaves of Pandanus growing in botanical gardens in Europe. The best represented genus is Stachybotrys, with three species described on Freycinetia. Most records of deuteromycetes on Pandanus are from the Pacific (14), the Philippines (9), and Japan (5). The Pandanaceae are poorly represented in Africa, with only 24 species of Pandanus known. The only fungi to be described on Pandanus in Africa are five basidiomycetes from Gabon, Madagascar, and Zaire, and 3 coelomycetes from Madagascar, Sao Tomé and Principe, and Zaire. The list was prepared from an examination of Saccardo’s Sylloge Fungorum (1882-1972), Saccardo’s Omissions (Kirk 1985), Petrak’s Index of Fungi (1920- 1939 and Supplement, 1969), and the IMI Index of Fungi (1940-). Any original - publication which has not been sighted is prefixed with an asterisk (*). For each fungus, full bibliographic details are given - authors’ names are abbreviated according to Kirk & Ansell (1992), journal titles are abbreviated according to Lawrence et al. (1968) and Bridson & Smith (1991), and books follow the abbreviations used by Stafleu & Cowan (1976-88). Where information is available, the host plant is indicated and collection details for the type specimens are given, together with herbarium acronyms, which follow Holmgren et al. (1990). INDEX TO FUNGI ON PANDANACEAE Ascomycetes described from Freycinetia Auerswaldia merrillii Henn., Hedwigia 47: 255, 1908. = Sphaerodothis merrilli (Henn.) Theiss. & Syd., Ann. Mycol. 13: 578, 1915. Philippines, Mindoro, Mt Halcon, Nov 1906, E.D. Merrill 5526. On leaves of Freycinetia sp. 127 Chaetosphaeria aotearoae S. Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 4: 78, 1966. New Zealand, Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Ruaotuwhenua, 7 Aug 1963 (PDD 21403, DAOM 93903b). On wood and bark of Freycinetia banksit. The anamorph, Sporoschisma mirabile Berk. & Broome, is also present on the specimen. Clypeosphaeria stevensii Syd. in F. Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19: LOTM19Z5: U.S.A., Hawaii, Keauhou, Kona, Bishop Estate Road, Jul 1925, No. 992. On stem of F be seein sp. Ellisiodothis microdisca Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 15: 221, 1917. Philippines, Biliran, Jun 1914, R.C. McGregor (Bur. Sci. 18393). On leaves of Freycinetia sp. Guignardia freycinetiae Rehm, Philipp. J. we 8: 184, 1913. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Los Banos, C.F. Baker 58. On dead leaves of Freycinetia sp. Hugueninia freycinetiae J.L. Bezerra & T.T. Barros in Bezerra, Barros & Leal, Publ. Inst. Micol. Recife 643: 5, 1970. New Caledonia. On leaves of Freycinetia longispica. Hypoxylon freycinetiae Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2959, 1916. Philippines, Luzon, Los Banos, Mt Maquiling, Dec 1915, C.F. Baker Nos 3146 & 3927. On dead stems of Freycinetia sp. (holotype in S). In his monograph on Hypoxylon Miller (1961) found the type specimens and description to be inadequate to determine the correct placement of this species. Metasphaeria christophersenii Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 459, 1932: Western Samoa, Savaii, Oct 1931, Christophersen 2945. On dry lower surface of leaves of Freycinetia samoensis. Mycosphaerella freycinetiae F. Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19: 1038, 1925: U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Kalihi Valley, Dec 1908, Forbes 3. On leaves of Freyci- netia eae (holotype in BISH). Myiocopron freycinetiae (G.F. Atk.) G. Arnaud, Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 4: 88, 193.1% See under Seynesia atkinsonit. Myiocopron freycinetiae (F. Stevens & Ryan) G. Arnaud, Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 4: 88, 1931 (see Hyde 1995). = Peltella freycinetiae F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan in Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus’ Bulla 19: 69;1925: U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Wahiawa, 3 Jun 1921, No. 977. On Freycinetia arnotti (holotype in BISH). See under Seynesia atkinsonii for a discussion of this species. Nectria freycinetiae (as freycinetit) Samuels, New Zealand J. Bot. 14: 243, 1976. New Zealand, Auckland Province, Coromandel Forest Park, Kauaeranga Valley, 27 Aug 1974, J.M. Dingley et al. (PDD 32577). On bases of dead leaves of Freycinetia banksit. An anamorph, Acremonium sp., was produced in culture. 128 Peltella freycinetiae F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan See Myiocopron freycinetiae (F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan) G. Arnaud. Phyllachora freycinetiae F. Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19: 22, 1925. U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Kalihi Valley, 2 Jun, No. 184. On leaves of Freycinetia arnotti (holotype in BISH). Pyrenocyclus ambiguus Petr., Sydowia 9: 516, 1955. U.S.A., Hawaii, Lauai, Mahana, Aug 1910, leg. Rock. On bark and bare wood of Freycinetia arnottt. Seynesia atkinsonii F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan in Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus, Bull. 19: 69, 1925. U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Palolo Valley, Mt Olympus, 16 Jun 1921, No. 300. On leaves of Freycinetia arnotti (holotype in BISH). Stevens & Ryan described S. atkinsonii on the basis of a herbarium specimen which had the unpublished name Seynesia freycinetiae. This specimen is not, as indicated by Arnaud (1931), the type of Myiocopron freycinetiae (G.F. Atk.) Arnaud. Arnaud (1931) made a mistake (? editorial) in citing his new combi- nation as Myiocopron freycinetiae (G.F. Atk.) G. Arnaud, because he clearly indicated in the same paper that Peltella freycinetiae F. Stevens & Ryan was an earlier name and a synonym of the Myiocopron. Thus, the Myiocopron should read M. /reycinetiae (F. Stevens & Ryan) G. Arnaud. Seynesia atkinsonii is, therefore, a taxonomic, facultative synonym of Myiocopron freycinetiae (F. Stevens & Ryan) G. Arnaud, both species being represented by separate types. Seynesia atkinsonii occurs on Freycinetia arnotti in Hawaii, and is unrelated to Seynesia as it has fissitunicate asci. It seems unlikely to belong in Myiocopron, since ascospores are two-celled. Placement in the Microthyriaceae should be considered. Sphaerodothis merrilli (Henn.) Theiss. & Syd. See Auerswaldia merrillii Henn. Stictis subiculata P.R. Johnst., New Zealand J. Bot. 21: 271, 1983. New Zealand, Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Cascades Track, 9 Mar 1981, P.R. Johnston & G.J. Samuels (PDD 41899). On dead leaves of Freycinetia baueriana ssp. banksit. An anamorph, ?Coleophoma sp., formed in culture and was also present on the leaves. Basidiomycetes described from Freycinetia Crepidotus parietalis E. Horak, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 87: 232, 1977 (1978). New Zealand, Westland, Hari Hari, Big Wanganui, 18 Feb 1969, E. Horak (PDD 27137, ZT 69/94). On rotting leaves of Freycinetia. Odontia flexibilis G. Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 86: 99, 1959. New Zealand, Wellington, Lake Papaetonga, 50ft, May 1956, G.H. Cunningham (PDD 17897). On bark of dead stems of Freycinetia banksit. 129 Puccinia freycinetiae McKenzie, New Zealand J. Bot. 26: 99, 1988. New Zealand, Taranaki, Oakura, Mar 1983, P.J. Garnock-Jones (PDD 43835). On Freycinetia baueriana ssp. banksit. Uredo freycinetiae Racib., Paras. Alg. Pilz. Javas 3: 12, 1900. Indonesia, Java, Salak and Mt Pantjar. On leaves of Freycinetia imbricata. Hyphomycetes described from Freycinetia Catenularia velutina Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 507, 1913. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Mt Maquiling, E.D. Merrill. On withering and dying leaves of Freycinetia sp. Chalarodes bisetis McKenzie, Mycotaxon 42: 91, 1991. _New Zealand, Auckland, Waitakere Ranges, Spraggs Bush, 19 Apr 1987, R.E. Beever (PDD 57220). On dead leaves of Freycinetia baueriana ssp. banksit. Chalarodes obconica McKenzie, Mycotaxon 42: 91, 1991. New Caledonia, Mt Panié, 1300m, 15 Dec 1990, J.S. Dugdale (PDD 58421). On dead leaves of Freycinetia ?graminifolia. Cryptophiale caudata McKenzie & Kuthub., Mycotaxon 47: 87, 1993. Malaysia, Selangor, Genting Highlands, Gunung Bunga Buah, 18 Aug 1992, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 60584). Cryptophiale novae-caledoniae McKenzie & Kuthub., Mycotaxon 47: 89, 1993. New Caledonia, Mt Panié, 1500m, 15 Dec 1990, J.S. Dugdale (PDD 60585). On dead leaves of Freycinetia sp. Ellisembia palauensis McKenzie, Mycotaxon: In Press, 1995. Palau, Babeldaob, 10 Aug 1991, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 60918). On Freycinetia Sp. Ellisembia vaginata McKenzie, Mycotaxon: In Press, 1995. New Caledonia, Mt des Koghis, 25 Feb 1994, E.H.C. McKenzie & T.K. Crosby (PDD 63340). On Freycinetia sp. Also on Pandanus sp. Guedea novae-zelandiae S. Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 65, 1980. New Zealand, Auckland, Cornwallis, 31 Dec 1962, J.M. Dingley (PDD 36099, DAOM 93822). On decaying wood of Freycinetia banksit. Sporidesmium freycinetiae McKenzie, Mycotaxon: In Press, 1995. Cook Islands, Rarotonga, Apr 1985, P.S. Dale (PDD 57499). On Freycinetia wilder. Stachybotrys breviusculus McKenzie, Mycotaxon 41: 180, 1991. New Zealand, Northland, Puketi, 23 Oct 1987, E.H.C. McKenzie & P.R. Johnston (PDD 57594). On Freycinetia baueriana ssp. banksii. Stachybotrys freycinetiae McKenzie, Mycotaxon 41: 183, 1991. New Zealand, Waikato, Mt Pirongia, Track 3, 19 Nov 1984, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 57639). On Freycinetia baueriana ssp. banksii. Stachybotrys nephrodes McKenzie, Mycotaxon 41: 185, 1991. American Samoa, Tutuila, Jun 1987, P.C. Gardner (PDD 57631). On Freycinetia sp. Also on Pandanus sp. 130 Zebrospora bicolor McKenzie, Mycotaxon 41: 189, 1991. New Zealand, Northland, Omahuta State Forest, Kauri Reserve, 22 Oct 1987, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 57681). Coelomycetes described from Freycinetia Melanconium freycinetiae Henn., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 40: INS yAS9S: Germany, Berlin, botanical gardens, glasshouse, Apr 1894. On leaves of Freycinetia insignis. Peltosoma freycinetiae Syd., Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3130, 1925. Philippines, Irosin, Sorsogon. On leaves of Freycinetia maxima. Phomopsis eumorpha Sacc., Atti Accad. Sct. Veneto-Trentino-Istriana, Ser. 3, LODAZNIGIT, Philippines. On dead branches of Freycinetia sp. Ascomycetes described from Pandanus Anthostomella calocarpa Syd. & P. Syd. See Pandanicola calocarpa (Syd. & P. Syd.) K.D. Hyde. Anthostomella lucens Sacc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 23: 201, 1916. Philippines, Luzon, Los Banos, Mt Banahao, Sep 1916, C.F. Baker.202. On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotype in K). Anthostomella pandani (Rabenh.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 1: 292, 1882. = Sphaeria pandani Rabenh., Hedwigia 17: 45, 1878. India, Calcutta. Kurz (R. F. E. No 2338). On dried leaves of Pandanus furcatus (holotype in PAD). Asterina pandani Rostr. See Echidnodes pandani (Rostr.) Hansf. Auerswaldia pandani Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 6: 2273, 1914. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Mt Banahao, Dec 1913, C.F. Baker 2236. On dead leaf bases of Pandanus. Aulacostroma palawanense Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sct. 9: 176, 1914. Philippines, Palawan, Taytay, Apr-May 1913, E.D. Merrill S 175, 8751. On leaves of Pandanus merrillit. Aulographum (as Ailographum) intricatum Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc. 14: 133, 1875. Sri Lanka, No. 1226. On leaves of Pandanus. Aulographum (as Ailographum) pandani Cooke, Grevillea 5: 17, 1876. India, leg. Hobson 119. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Bakeromyces philippinensis Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 15: 203, 1917. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Mt Banahao, Dec 1913, C.F. Baker 2246. On dead leaves of Pandanus utilissimus. 131 Clithris pandani L.R. Tehon, Bot. Gaz. (London) 65: 555, 1918. Puerto Rico, San Juan, 16 Nov 1913, F.L. Stevens (ILL 7426). On fallen leaves of cultivated Pandanus. Didymella pandani Hohn., Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Ki Abt) I, 1297167, 1920. Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg, Botanical Gardens, 1907, F. v. Hoéhnel. On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotype in FH). Didymella pandanicola Syd. & P. Syd. See Oxydothis pandanicola (Syd.) Petr. Dimerosporium pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 460, 1932. Western Samoa, Upolu, 1 Aug 1929, Christophersen 381. On dried leaves of Pandanus lambooensis (as lanutooensis). Dothidasteromella pandani Hohn., Mitteil. Bot. Inst. Techn. Hochsch. Wien CR Rye Indonesia, Java. On leaves of Pandanus sp. Echidnodes pandani (Rostr.) Hansf., Mycol. Pap. 15: 173, 1946. = Asterina pandani Rostr., Bot. Tiddssk. 24: 211, 1902. Thailand, Koh Chang Island. On leaves of Pandanus. = Lembosia pandani (Rostr.) Theiss., Ann. Mycol. 11: 457, 1913. = Lembosia pandani Rehm, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2932, 1916, non L. pandani (Rostr.) Theiss. Philippines, hills back of Paete, Apr 1914, C.F. Baker 3113b. On Pandanus. Echidnodes sandwicensis Petr., Sydowia 6: 366, 1952. U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Sacrid Fatt Falls, 4 Dec 1927, C.L. Shear & N.E. Stevens 322a. On dead leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. U.S.A., Hawaii, Molokai, Kaluaaha Valley, 12 Jul 1928, O. Degener & H. Wiebke. On P. tectorius. Ellisiodothis pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 565, 1914. Philippines, Prov. Bulacan, Angat, Sep 1913, M. Ramos (Bur. Sci. 21821). On leaves of Pandanus luzonensis. Erinella alboflaveola Penz. & Sacc., *Malpighia 15: 217, 1902. Indonesia, Java, Tjibodas. On dead leaves of Pandanus. Glomerella pandani Syd., Ann. Mycol. 30: 100, 1932. Philippines, Irosin, Prov. Sorsogon, Jun 1916, A.D.E. Elmer 16367. On dead leaves of Pandanus utilissimus. Heraldoa pandani Bat., Publ. Inst. Mic. Recife 133: 4, 1959. Also in Atti Ist. Bote Unive Pavia, Sero.162107, 1959. Singapore, Aug 1917, C.F. Baker (Fungi Malayana 4444). On leaves of Pandanus utilis. Hypocrea hemisphaerica Doi, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. 1(4): 129, 1975. Papua New Guinea, Lae, near Markham Bridge, 27 Nov 1971, Y. Doi (TNS 223932, PNG). On decayed log of Pandanus. Hyponectria pandani Racib., Paras. Alg. Pilz. Javas 1: 16, 1900. Indonesia, Java. On leaves of Pandanus littoralis and Pandanus sp. Isia neocaledoniensis (C. Moreau) D. Hawksw. & Manohar., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71: 334, 1978. = Thielavia neocaledoniensis C. Moreau in B. Huguenin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 81: 699, 1965. 132 New Caledonia, 11 Dec 1962 (IFOM 75). On living leaves of Pandanus sp. Johansonia pandani E. Miill., Sydowia 8: 55, 1954. Indonesia, Java, Mt Dedeh, Puntjak-pas, 1450m, 1946, L.G.E. Kalshoven. On living leaves of Pandanus. Lembosia pandani Rehm See Echidnodes pandani (Rostr.) Hansf. Lembosia pandani (Rostr.) Theiss. See Echidnodes pandani (Rostr.) Hansf. Leptosphaeria pandani Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Reale Univ. Siena 6: 125, 1904. Italy, Sienna, Apr 1903. On dried leaf sheaths of Pandanus utilis, in greenhouse in botanical gardens. Leptosphaeria pandanicola Sawada, Special Publ. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 8: 71, 1959. Taiwan, Pref. Ilan, Chinmien, 23 May 1917, K. Sawada. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. This species was described without a Latin diagnosis, and therefore is invalid under Article 36.1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Linocarpon livistonae (Henn.) K.D. Hyde, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 29: 349, 1988. = Linospora pandani Rehm, Leafl. Phil. Bot. 8: 2954, 1916. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Los Banos, Apr 1914, S.A. Reyes & C.F. Baker 3045. On Pandanus sabutan. Mt Banahao, Oct 1913, C. F. Baker 2248. On dead leaves of Pandanus utilissimus. Linocarpon pandani (Syd. & P. Syd.) Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 15: 210, 1937" = Linospora pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 11: 60, 1918. Philippines, Mindanao, Davao, Mar 1904, E.B. Copeland 592, on leaves of Pandanus laevis (holotype in S). This species has the same collection details as- Sphaeropsis pandani Henn. Linospora pandani Rehm See Linocarpon livistonae (Henn.) K.D. Hyde. Linospora pandani Syd. & P. Syd. See Linocarpon pandani (Syd. & P. Syd.) Syd. & P. Syd. Lophodermium javanicum Penz. & Sacc. var. pandani Penz. & Sacc., Malpighia 11: 529, 1897. Indonesia, Java, Tjibodas, 27 Feb 1897, O. Penzig 185 (PAD). On dead leaves of Pandanus. Meliola juttingii Hansf., *Reinwardtia 3: 99, 1954. Indonesia, Java. On Pandanus. Meliola pandani Syd., Ann. Mycol. 26: 89, 1928. Borneo, Myburgh Prov., Sandakan, Oct-Dec 1921, A.D.E. Elmer 20075, 20062. On leaves of Pandanus affinis. Meliola pandani Sawada & W. Yamam. in Sawada, Special Publ. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 8: 35, 1959, non M. pandani Syd. Taiwan, Pref. Pingtung, Linpien, R. Suzuki, 9 Oct 1908. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. 133 Meliola pandanicola Hansf. & Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 23: 74, 1948. Sierra Leone, Futa (Gallinas), 20 Apr 1937, F.C. Deighton M2203. On leaves of Pandanus candelabrum. Metasphaeria fur (Ehrenb.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 182, 1883. = Sphaeria fur Ehrenb. in Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.: 92, 1820. Marshall Islands, Radak, leg. Chamisso. On bark of Pandanus. Known only from the type collection. Metasphaeria is a nomen ambiguum, and this species is possibly a Leptosphaeria. Metasphaeria profuga (Ehrenb.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 2: 182, 1883. = Sphaeria profuga Ehrenb. in Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.: 92, 1820. Marshall Islands, Radak, leg. Chamisso. On bark of Pandanus. Known only from the type collection. Metasphaeria is a nomen ambiguum, and this species is possibly a Leptosphaeria. Microcyclus pandani B. Huguenin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 80: 176, 1964. French Polynesia, Society Islands, Bora Bora, 11 Apr 1959, R. Millaud (IFO PF 5994). On leaves of Pandanus tectorius. Mycosphaerella pandani Tilak in T.S. Viswan. & Tilak, Sydowia 14: 311, 1960. India, Poona, 10 Aug 1958, S.T. Tilak (HCIO, IMI). On living leaves of Pandanus fascicularis. Myiocopron (as Myocopron) pandani Hohn., Ann. Mycol. 17: 115, 1919. Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg, Botanical Gardens, 1907, F. v. Hohnel. On dried leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotype in FH). Nectria consors (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver, Mycologia 1: 61, 1909. = Nectria ignia Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 118: 1475, 1909. Indonesia, Java, in Tjibodas woods, 1908. On decaying leaves of Pandanus. According to Samuels (1977) Nectria ignia cannot be distinguished from the earlier described N. consors. Nectria ignia Hohn. See Nectria consors (Ellis & Everh.) Seaver. Nectria importata Rehm, Hedwigia 27: 171, 1888. Germany, Berlin, leg. Magnus. On old fibre of Pandanus, in botanical gardens. Nectria ochroleuca (Schwein.) Berk., Grevillea 4: 16, 1875. = Pseudonectria tornata Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 118: 1470, 1909. Indonesia, Java, in Tjibodas woods, 1908. On decaying leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotypes in FH). Type specimens of Pseudonectria tornata and Nectria ochroleuca were examined and found to be identical by Rossman et al. (1993). Nectria pandani Tul. & C. Tul., Select. Fung. Carpol. 3: 71, 1865. France. Parasitic on Melanconium pandani. Neopeckia rhodosticta (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. var. magnifica Rehm, Leaf. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2947, 1916. Philippines, Prov. Laguna, Los Bafios, Feb 1914, S.A. Reyes & C.F. Baker 3047. On Pandanus sabotan. 134 Oxydothis pandani B. Huguenin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 80: 173, 1964. French Polynesia, Tubuai Islands (Austral Islands), Rurutu, 12 Oct 1962, B. Huguenin (IFO PF 62233). On wilting leaves of Pandanus tectorius. = Schizochora pandani F. Stevens, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 19: 20, 1925. U.S.A., Hawaii, Oahu, Waiahole Ditch Trail, 6 Jun, No. 408; Kalihi Valley, 2 Jun, No. 187. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Oxydothis pandanicola (Syd. & P. Syd.) Petr., Sydowia 6: 367, 1952. = Didymella pandanicola Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sci. 9: 164, 1914. Philippines, Palawan, Silanga, May 1913, E.D. Merrill 8918. On dead leaves of Pandanus. Pandanicola calocarpa (Syd. & P. Syd.) K.D. Hyde, Sydowia 46: 36, 1994. = Anthostomella calocarpa Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 272, 1918. Philippines, Luzon, Manila, 7 Oct 1912, E.D. Merrill S 55. On the base of dead leaves of Pandanus tectorius (holotype in S). Parastigmatea pandani B. Huguenin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 80: 181, 1964. New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Lifou, 6 Dec 1958, J. Marty (IFO IL 58.92). On living leaves of Pandanus tectorius. Phomatospora cylindrotheca Petr., Sydowia 7: 394, 1953. U.S.A., Hawaii, Kalapaua, 13 Oct 1928, C.L. Shear & N.E. Stevens 1129. On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotype in W). Phomatospora pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 38: 534, 1931. Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay, Stradbroke Island, 21 Jan 1927, leg. White. On dried leaves of Pandanus pedunculatus var. stradbrookeensis. Physalospora pandani Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia T5902 230M So0: U.S.A., Tennessee, Knoxville, Jan 1890, F.L. Scribner. On leaves of Pandanus in greenhouse (holotype in NY). Physalospora pandani F. Stevens & A. Peirce, Indian J. Agric. Sci. 3: 913, 1933, non P. pandani Ellis & Everh. India. On leaves of Pandanus sp. Placoasterella (as Placsoterella) pandanicola A.W. Subhedar & V.G. Rao, Botanique Nagpur 9: 65, 1978 (1980). India, Karnataka, 21 km from Jog Falls, at Honavar Road, 14 Dec 1974, A.W.S. AMH 3545. On stems of Pandanus minor. Pyrenula flagellata H. Harada, Bryologist 96, 635. 1998. Northern Mariana Islands, Saipan, Mt Takpochao, 430m, 9 May 1992, Harada 12322 (holotype in Natural History Museum, Chiba). On bark of Pandanus. Rosellinia pandanicola (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 1: 266, 1882. = Sphaeria pandanicola Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc. 14: 129, 1875. Sri Lanka, No. 431. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Schizochora pandani F. Stevens See Oxydothis pandani B. Huguenin. Solenopezia mellina Penz. & Sacc., *Malpighia 15: 213, 1902. Indonesia, Java, near Buitenzorg. On dead leaves of Pandanus. Sphaeria fur Ehrenb. See Metasphaeria fur (Ehrenb.) Sacc. 135 Sphaeria pandani Rabenh. See Anthostomella pandani (Rabenh.) Sacc. Sphaeria pandanicola Berk. & Broome See Rosellinia pandanicola (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Stigmatea cinereomaculans Rehm, Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 257, 19138. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Laguna, Los Banos, C.F. Baker 622. On leaf sheath of Pandanus. Stigmatea pandani Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 20: 136, 1904. French Polynesia, Gambier Islands, M.L. Seurat. On living leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Thielavia neocaledoniensis C. Moreau See Isia neocaledoniensis (C. Moreau) D. Hawksw. & Manohar. Tryblidium (as Triblidium) pandani Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 538, 1906. French Polynesia, Rikitea. On leaves of Pandanus. Venturia borgiana Sacc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 22: 36, 1915. Malta, S. Antonio. On leaves of Pandanus utilis. Vestergrenia pandani P.B. Chavan & Hosag., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5: 448, 1984. India, Maharashtra, Satara, Science College, 6 Jul 1974, B.P. Chavan (Science College 504). On living leaves of Pandanus fascicularis. Basidiomycetes described from Pandanus Agaricus anthocephalus Lév. See Panus anthocephalus (Lév.) Fr. Boninogaster phalloides Kobayasi, *Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 753, 1937. Titizima Island. On decayed stump of Pandanus boninensis. Botryobasidium pandani J. Boidin & G. Gilles, Mycotaxon 14: 293, 1982. Gabon, Libreville, May 1979, G. Gilles (LY 9328). On Pandanus candelabrum. Catilla pandani (Pat.) Pat. See Cyphella pandani Pat. Claudopus pandanicola Horak, Beith. Nova Hedwigia 65: 35, 1980. Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, Goroka, Marafunga, 2400m, 8 Jan 1972, E. Horak (ZT 72/42). On rotting leaves of Pandanus sp. Cyphella pandani Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 47, 1906. = Catilla pandani (Pat.) Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 31: 32, 1915. French Polynesia, Rikitea, M.L. Seurat. On fallen branches of Pandanus. Fomes pandani (Fr.) Sacc. See Polyporus pandani Fr. Lactarius pandani Heim, Candollea 7: 376, 1938. Madagascar. On rotten wood of Pandanus. Lactarius pandani Heim f. intermedius Heim, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 25: 20, 1955. Zaire (Belgian Congo). 136 Marasmius pandanicola Henn., Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 228, 1897. Marshall Islands. On trunk of Pandanus. Known only from the type collection. Singer (1973) suggests that this may be close to, or perhaps identical with M. semiustus var. abortivus. There is no material of M. pandanicola available. Panus anthocephalus (Lév.) Fr., Nov. Symb. Mycol.: 40, 1851. = Agaricus anthocephalus Lév., Ann. Sct. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 5: 115, 1846. Madagascar. On trunk of Pandanus. Peniophora gabonensis Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 107: 13451991" Gabon, Mondah Forest, 5 Nov 1978, G. Gilles (LY 8969). On Pandanus candelabrum. Pleurotus tahitensis Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 51, 1906. French Polynesia, Society Islands, Tahiti, Fakahina, Tikahau, M.L. Seurat. On dead trunk of Pandanus. Polyporus pandani Fr., Epicr. Syst. Mycol.: 469, 1838. = Fomes pandani (Fr.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 6: 202, 1888. Vietnam. On trunk of Pandanus. Pterula fructicola Bres., Hedwigia 56: 304, 1915. Philippines, Luzon (Bureau of Science 20050). On old fruit of Pandanus sp. Scleroderma pandanaceum F. Muell. in Berk., J. Linn. Soc. 13: 171, 1872. Australia, Queensland, Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy. Substrate not given. According to Cunningham (1944) the type is no longer at Kew and the description is too fragmentary to permit positive identification. However, Cunningham does list it as a synonym of S. verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. Ungulina spermolepidis Pat. var. pandani Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 22: 51, 1906. French Polynesia, Society Islands, Tahiti, Papeete, M.L. Seurat. On trunk of. Pandanus. Volvaria pruinosa P.W. Graff, Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 302, 1913. Philippines, Luzon, Manila, Pasay, 29 Jul 1912, E.D. Merrill 8723. On sandy ground under Pandanus tectorius. Hyphomycetes described from Pandanus Acremoniella atra (Corda) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4: 302, 1886. = Acremonium atrum Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 11, 1837. Germany, Berlin. On decaying leaves of Pandanus. Acremonium atrum Corda See Acremoniella atra (Corda) Sacc. Aplosporella (as Haplosporella) pandanicola A.K. Roy, Curr. Sct. 33: 442, 1964. India, Assam, Borbheta, 26 Jun 1963, A.K. Roy (HCIO 28231). On leaves of Pandanus minor. 137 Botrytis olivacea (Corda) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 131, 1886. = Polyactis olivacea Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 18, 1837. Czechoslovakia. On decaying leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Capillaria oligocarpa Corda See Sporotrichum oligocarpum (Corda) Rabenh. Chloridium hippotrichoidea Corda See Pleurophragmium hippotrichoides (Corda) M.B. Ellis. Dactylaria iriomoteana Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 5: 10, 1987. Japan, Iriomote Island, 7 Feb 1985, T. Matsushima (MFC 12889). On rotten leaf of Pandanus tectorius. Diplococcium pandani B. Huguenin, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 80: 182, 1964. Wallis and Futuna, Futuna, 16 Jul 1962, F. Cohic (IFO WF 62 177). On leaves of Pandanus tectorius. Ellisembia paravaginata McKenzie, Mycotaxon: In Press, 1995. Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, University of Malaya, Botanical Gardens, 12 Aug 1992, E.H.C. McKenzie (PDD 60538). On Pandanus sp. Epicoccum nigrum Link, Magazin Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 32, 1816. = Epicoccum pandani Henn., Hedwigia 41: 118, 1902. Brazil, Sado Paulo, 21 Jun 1901, A. Puttemans 278. On leaves of Pandanus veitchi, in botanical gardens. Epicoccum pandani Henn. See Epicoccum nigrum Link. Filosporella aquatica Nawawi, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 175, 1976. Malaysia, Tasek Bera, 31 May 1972 (IMI 177454). On submerged rotten leaves of Pandanus helicopus. Fusarium pandani (Corda) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 724, 1886. = Fusisporium pandani Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 11, 1837. Czechoslovakia, near Reichenberg. On decaying leaves of Pandanus. Fusisporium pandani Corda See Fusarium pandani (Corda) Sacc. Gliomastix macroelata Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 4: 9, 1985. Japan, Okinawa Pref., Iriomote Island, 7 Feb 1985, T. Matsushima (MFC 12863). From dead leaf of Pandanus sp. Haplaria pandani Gutner, *Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser 1, Fl. Sist. Vyss. Rast. 1: 313, 1933. Russia. On leaves of Pandanus utilis cultivated in greenhouse. Hemicorynespora naviculiformis Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 2: 11, 1981. Palau, Airai, 1980, T. Matsushima (MFC 10438). On dead leaf of Pandanus sp. Kodonospora tetracolumnaris K. Ando, Mycol. Res. 97: 506, 1993. Japan, Tokyo, Ogasawaramura, Kitaiou Island, 14 Jul 1985, T. Sato (TNS-F- 176499). On dead leaves of Pandanus boninensis. Monodictys pandani Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 4: 12, 1985. Caroline Islands, Palau, Airai, 25 Sep 1980, T. Matsushima (MFC 10439). From dead leaf of Pandanus. Oedemium sparsum Berk. & Broome, J. Linn. Soc. 14: 100, 1875. Sri Lanka, No. 431. On Pandanus odoratissimus. 138 Oospora macrotricha (Corda) Sacc. & Voglino in Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 24, 1886. = Torula macrotricha Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 8, 1837. Czechoslovakia, near Reichenberg and Germany, Pfaueninsel, near Potsdam. On decaying leaves of Pandanus. Paecilomyces iriomoteanus Matsush., Icon. Microfung. Matsushima Lect.: 105, 1975. Japan, Okinawa, Iriomote Island, Feb 1972, T. Matsushima (MFC 4254). On a dead leaf of Pandanus tectorius var. liukiuensis. Pleurophragmium hippotrichoides (Corda) M.B. Ellis, More Demat. Hypho.: 164, 1976. = Chloridium hippotrichoides Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 17, 1837. Germany, near Berlin and Czechoslovakia, Reichenberg. On decaying leaves of Pandanus sylvestris. Polyactis olivacea Corda See Botrytis olivacea (Corda) Sacc. Sclerotium hypocreaemorphum Ces., Atti Accad. Sci. Fis. 8: 27, 1879. Malaysia, Sarawak, 1865. On fibrous pericarp of Pandanus ?inspersum. Solheimia kamatii Varghese & V.G. Rao, Curr. Sci. 46: 23, 1977. India, Kerala, Wynaad, 20 Jun 1976, K.I. Mani Varghese (AMH 2869). On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. Sporotrichum oligocarpum (Corda) Rabenh., D.C. Fl. No. 744. = Capillaria oligocarpa Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 10, 1837. Germany, Berlin and Czechoslovakia, near Reichenberg. On decaying leaves of Pandanus sylvestris. Torula macrotricha Corda See Oospora macrotricha (Corda) Sacc. & Voglino. Triscelophorus ponapensis Matsush., Matsushima Mycol. Mem. 2: 19, 1981. Federated States of Micronesia, Pohnpei, Madolenihmw, 23 Nov 1976, T. Matsu- shima (MFC 7002). On decayed leaves of Pandanus sp. Volutella mellea J.F. Clark, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 619, 1899. North America. On dead leaves of Pandanus veitchi in greenhouse. Volutella minima Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 118: 1543, 1909. Indonesia, Java, in Tjibodas woods, 1908. On decaying leaves of Pandanus sp. According to Samuels (1977) the sporodochia of this species are morphologically identical to those of Volutella ciliata Fr. and to the conidial state of Nectria consors (q.v.). Volutellaria fuliginea 1. Hino & Katum., Bull. Fac. Agric. Yamagata Univ. 15: 515, 1964. Japan. On Pandanus tectorius var. liukiuensis. ahs, Coelomycetes described from Pandanus Annellolacinia pandanicola J. Frohl., Raga, Philemon & K.D. Hyde, Mycol. Res. 97: 1434, 1993. Australia, North Queensland, Kuranda, Saddle Mountain, 9 Feb 1992, J. Frohlich & K.D. Hyde (BRIP 20431). On living leaf of Pandanus sp. Ceuthospora olivacea Corda, Icon. Fung. 1: 24, 1837. Czechoslovakia, Reichenberg. On decaying leaves of cultivated Pandanus odoratissimus. Although treated as an ascomycete by Corda, it is apparent that this species is a coelomycete in the conserved genus Ceuthospora Grev. (1827). Nag Raj (1993) stated that the type is not in PR, B, or PC. Ceuthospora pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 468, 1932. Western Samoa, Upolu, 1 Aug 1929, Christophersen 525. On dry fruit of Pandanus odoratissimus var. upolensis. . Colletotrichum pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sct. 8: 282, 1913. Philippines, Luzon, Manila, 5 Oct 1912, E.D. Merrill S 33. On young leaves of Pandanus veitchi. Coniothyrium pandanicola (as pandanicolum) Petr., Sydowia 7: 401, 1953. U.S.A., Hawaii, Honolulu, 4 Feb 1928, No. 427. On cultivated Pandanus sp. Coniothyrium perottianum Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 469, 1932. Samoa, leg. Christophersen 912, 2828; Savaii, 13 Nov 1931, No. 2819. On dry leaves of Pandanus macfarlanei, P. odoratissimus var. upolensis, P. tagaensis. Cytospora pandani Prill. & Delacr., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 9: 273, 1893. France, Versailles, National School of Horticulture. On upper surface of leaves of Pandanus utilis in greenhouse. Diplodia fructus-pandani Henn., Hedwigia 47: 264, 1908. Philippines, Luzon, Prov. Bataan, Lamao, Jan 1904, E.D. Merrill. On fruit of Pandanus luzonensis. Diplodia fructus-pandani Henn. f. foliorum Sacc., Atti Accad. Sci. Veneto- rentino-Istriana, Ser. 3, 10: 76, 1917. Philippines, Los Bafios, S.A. Reyes. On dead leaf sheaths of Pandanus sp. Diplodia pandani Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Reale Univ. Siena 2: 155, 1899. Madagascar. On dry fruit of Pandanus utilis. Diplodina pandani Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Reale Univ. Siena 2: 156, 1899. Italy. On dead leaf sheath of Pandanus utilis in botanical garden. Dothiorella maculosa Sacc., Atti Accad. Sct. Veneto-Trentino-Istriana, Ser. 3, LOs (2R1L OAs Philippines, Los Banos. On dead leaves of Pandanus sabotan. Gloeosporium pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 472, 1932. Western Samoa, Upolu, Aug 1929, Christophersen 381. On dry pericarp of Pandanus lambooensis (as lanutooensis). Groveolopsis pandani (Hohn.) Boedijn, Sydowia 5: 225, 1951. = Septoriopsis pandani Hohn., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math- Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 129: 168, 1920. = Rhabdospora pandani (Hohn.) Petr., Sydowia 5: 225, 1951. 140 Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg, Botanical Gardens, 1907. On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. (holotype in FH). Harknessia pandani Sawada, Special Publ. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 8: 160, 1959. Taiwan, Pref. Taitung, Fukang, May 1921, K. Sawada. Pref. Ilan, Chingmien, May 1923, K. Sawada. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. This species was described without a Latin diagnosis, and therefore is invalid under Article 36.1 of the Botanical Code. Lasiodiplodia abnormis Traverso & Spessa, in litt. (see Saccardo 1913). Sao Tomé and Principe, Rodia, 550m. On fallen and attached, withered fruit of Pandanus thomensis. Macrophoma pandani (Lév.) Berl. & Voglino See Metadiplodia pandani (Lév.) P. Joly. Macrophoma pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 465, 1932, non M. pandani (Lév.) Berl. & Voglino. Samoa (Savaii, Tutuila, Upolu), Palau, French Polynesia (Tahiti), U.S.A. (California). On dry fruit of Pandanus spp. Macrophomella pandani Died., Ann. Mycol. 14: 63, 1916. Philippines, Mt Maquiling, 1 Apr 1914, C.F. Baker 3160. On fruit of Pandanus luzoniensis. Melanconium merrillii Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 506, 1918. Philippines, Luzon, Manila, E.D. Merrill. On dead leaves of Pandanus tectorius. Melanconium pandani Lév., Ann. Sct. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 3: 66, 1845. France, Paris, botanical gardens, greenhouse. On trunk and leaves of dead Pandanus. Melanconium pandanicola Sawada, Special Publ. Coll. Agric. Natl. Taiwan Univ. 8: 179, 1959. Taiwan, Pref. Pingtung, Kangou, 24 Apr 1931, K. Sawada. On branches of Pandanus odoratissimus. This species was described without a Latin diagnosis, and therefore is invalid under Article 36.1 of the Botanical Code. Metadiplodia pandani (Lév.) P. Joly, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 81: 280, 1965. = Sphaeropsis pandani Lév., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Sér. 3, 5: 293, 1846. = Phoma pandani (Lév.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3: 157, 1884. = Macrophoma pandani (Lév.) Berl. & Voglino, Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentino Sci. Nat. Padova 10: 184, 1886. Leg. Gaudichaud (PC). On fruit of Pandanus. Pestalotia (as Pestalozzia) pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 473, 1932. Cook Islands, Rarotonga, 1 Aug 1929, P. Wilder 13. Australia, Stradbroke Island, 1930, A.F. White 6710. Loyalty Islands. On dry fruit of Pandanus tessellatus, P. pedunculatus var. stradbrookeensis, P. pedunculatus f. lofuensis. Pestalotia (as Pestalozzia) pandani Sawada, *J. Taihoku Soc. Agric. 7: 114, 1942. Taiwan. On Pandanus odoratissimus. This species was described without a Latin diagnosis and therefore is invalid under Article 36.1 of the Botanical Code. 141 Pestalotia (as Pestalozzia) peyronelii Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 474, 1932. Australia, Stradbroke Island. On dry fruit of Pandanus pedunculatus var. stradbrookeensis. Phoma fructus-pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 464, 1932. Samoa, leg. Christophersen 625. On dry fruit of Pandanus reinecketi. Phoma martellii Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 39: 465, 1932. Samoa, leg. Garber 984. On dry fruit of Pandanus calostigma var. samoana. Phoma pandani (Lév.) Sacc. See Metadiplodia pandani (Lév.) P. Joly. Phoma pandani Verona, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 38: 536, 1931, non P. pandani (Lév.) Sacc. French Polynesia, Marquesas Islands, Nukuhiva, leg. Dalmas. On leaves of Pandanus odoratissimus. Phomopsis pandani Died., Ann. Mycol. 14: 191, 1916. India, Poona, 6 Jul 1908, H.M. Chibber (E.J. Butler 1774). On leaves of Pandanus sp. Phyllosticta pandanicola E. Young, Mycologia 7: 150, 1915. Puerto Rico, Santurce, 1912-13, F.L. Stevens. On leaves of Pandanus sp. Pirostoma farnetianum Pollacci, *Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 2, 5: 5, 1897. Italy, Ticinensi. On living leaves of Pandanus utilis in botanical garden. Plenodomus inaequalis Sacc. & Trotter See Stilbophoma inaequalis (Sacc. & Trotter) B. Sutton. Pycnothyrium pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Philipp. J. Sci. 9: 187, 1914. Philippines, Palawan, Taytay, Apr 1913, E.D. Merrill 8766, 8844. On dead leaves of Pandanus tectorius. Rhabdospora pandani (Hohn.) Petr. See Groveolopsis pandani (Hohn.) Boedijn. Septoriopsis pandani Hohn. See Groveolopsis pandani (Hoéhn.) Boedijn. Sphaeropsis pandani Lév. See Metadiplodia pandani (Lév.) P. Joly. Sphaeropsis pandani Henn., Hedwigia 67: 263, 1908, non S. pandani Lév. Philippines, Mindanao, Davao, Mar 1904, E.B. Copeland 592. On dried leaves of Pandanus laevis. This species has the same collection details as Linocarpon pandani. Stilbophoma inaequalis (Sacc. & Trotter) B. Sutton, Coelomycetes: 558, 1980. = Plenodomus inaequalis Sacc. & Trotter, *Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 38: 167, 1899. Zaire, Devevre (IMI 187914). On dead leaves of Pandanus sp. Vermicularia pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1546, 1912. Philippines, Palawan, Puerto Princesa. On the base of aged leaves of Pandanus reclinatus. 142 Myxomycetes described from Pandanus Badhamia fasciculata (Jungh.) Rostaf. See Physarum fasciculatum Jungh. Physarum fasciculatum Jungh., Praem. Fl. Crypt. Java: 11, 1838. = Badhamia fasciculata (Jungh.) Rostaf., Sluzowce Monogr., Suppl.: 2, 1876. Indonesia, Java, near Depok. On trunk of Pandanus. Identity uncertain. Given as a doubtful synonym of P. reniforme G. Lister (Lister 1925) and of P. compressum Alb. & Schwein. (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). Acknowledgements Mr Nick Waipara, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand kindly reviewed this paper. Funds for this research were provided by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under Contract Number C09309. References Arnaud, G. 1931: Les Astérinées. VII. Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique 4: 74-97. Bridson, G.D.R.; Smith, E.R. 1991: Botanico-Periodicum Huntianum/Supple- mentum. Pittsburgh, Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. Corda, A.C.J. 1837: Icones Fungorum Hucusque Cognitorum. Prague, J.G. Calve. Cunningham, G.H. 1944: The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin, John McIndoe. Ehrenberg, C.G. 1820: Fungos a viro clarissimo Adalberto de Chamisso, sub auspiciis Romanzoffianis in itinere circa terrarum globum collectos, enumeravit novosque descripsit et pinxit. In Nees ab Esenbeck, C.G. Horae . Physicae Berolinenses, 77-104, pl. 17-20. Bonnae, Sumptibus Adolphi Marcus. Fries, E. 1838: Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici. Uppsala, Typographia Academica. Hennings, P. 1898: Die in den Gewachshausern Botanischen Gartens beobacht- eten Pilze. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brand- enburg 40: 109-177. Hennings, P. 1908: Fungi Philippinenses I. Hedwigia 47: 250-265. Holmgren, P.K.; Holmgren, N.H.; Barnett, L.C. 1990: Index Herbariorum. Part I: The Herbaria of the World. New York, Botanical Garden. Hyde, K.D. 1995: Fungi from palms. XXII. The genus Seynesia. Sydowia 47: In Press. ; Kirk, P.M. 1985: Saccardo’s Omissions. Index of Fungi Supplement. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kirk, P.M.; Ansell, A.E. 1992: Authors of fungal names. Index of Fungi Supple- ment. Wallingford, C.A.B. International. Lawrence, G.H.M.; Buchheim, A.F.G.; Daniels, G.S.; Dolezal, H. 1968: Botanico- Periodicum-Huntianum. Pittsburg, Hunt Botanical Library. 143 Lister, G. 1925: A Monograph of the Mycetozoa. Ed. 3. London, British Museum (Natural History). Mabberley, D.J. 1987: The Plant-Book. Cambridge, University Press. McKenzie, E.H.C. 1995: Dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Pandanaceae. 5. Spori- desmium sensu lato. Mycotaxon. In Press. Martin, G.W.; Alexopoulos, C.J. 1969: The Myxomycetes. Iowa, University of lowa Press. Miller, J.H. 1961: A Monograph of the World Species of Hypoxylon. Athens, University of Georgia Press. . Nag Raj, T.R. 1993: Coelomycetous Anamorphs with Appendage-Bearing Conidia. Waterloo, Mycologue Publications. Rossman, A.Y.; Samuels, G.J.; Lowen, R. 1993: Lewconectria clusiae gen. nov. and its anamorph Gliocephalotrichium bulbilium with notes on Pseudo- nectria. Mycologia 85: 685-704. Saccardo, P.A. 1913: Sylloge Fungorum 22. Samuels, G.J. 1977: Nectria consors and its Volutella conidial state. Mycologia 69: 255-262. Singer, R. 1973: A monograph of the neotropical species of Marasmiellus. Bethefte zur Nova Hedwigia 44: 1-339. Stafleu, F.A.; Cowan, R.S. 1976-88: Taxonomic Literature. Ed. 2, 7 vols. Utrecht, Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. Willis, J.C. 1973: A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Ed. 8. Cam- bridge, University Press. ALY RIA ant nn Nea | ) Bah ee ec Ma tie = " Be al ates i} a) * Hee 6 Fee. ones a neh AN sae hte ; pect x at nM : if Hs ’ ha on f et ih ad oR _ Me Sau Rue (eden SRS it ea tin ta oy pe Pre eye j vie iW Wl | CG SN se bi PY 6 aot ie ne ton, als AN ty aint Arr Yas if ual sh Wyn dain heater 7 HW) nT caine AMG A AMR 4 WN Wee) iia Ae rs hull iW ae A 1 ii Uy! Mi wit pe t 4 us My : H 4 ‘) ‘ mh AT SHON Se Miah ai HR OY slr 4 sa nll a Rue ORL ies ies na Maes: ; Bice inee peonanesy Ce wi ie aM | pie Win ae he La Reh 8 Fn ts UMM hie Kg ‘ ‘he i, » i hi iy \ my th Hf | Bini nal Wi Aa } 4. rae q 4 a iden si a ga ais leu a ae I ( BY) i ‘i i a hoy tiny \ My) his i ar CH sie) re wet as 7, a vt Ah Wi Me ¥ cH chy ie ny x nil Tee Ae mt Hy: a at ha Wi we His i ay fi . ilg si i" at TD Cl Penny i RAED hg Bia awh hiv cy vj ih Mi haw est Ny lie aN ite: bi Wf cniththel ‘a hy Ase) yu bik : eae hase gt hen NaN a AAA WN A A Ai “ . bl Cate ee i ; ‘4 aie ; Fe i | “i fi be wie it Me me i nie th te ; / bie ayia it ; i hon aa 7 Hinks i ia fyi) bel i ‘oul ia mi i) fat Ms by) aria a yn Ale, MON ore ae ii ¥) . i ai moe fm wey hit aa ile SOI RA ee MAR Lr By ral Bate TE Tae 1 iy Pe ( vel yi ina orate ou ‘ ’ } ’ cb aneale mt ie \ Ee pe ee a Gi A ay, \ } Mir une ' \ Ay ha Hi { fh v ™ watt uF i'- ‘ y | i vi iy ys ; ate uN y it i i We) , my Ne , : 1 Luts hin Ane is Hh ann Herve ‘ rhe lyri Ht jel hd cas oer Nien mn na ey bane fee | img Re TG Ngee Hg te iat Ly RD Ca bivy ei hy aly unin 4 : ‘ Ni, a and) AP a av oy (Oe) Sang A a aOR, ale ip bate el wim cn “i pi 4) i a i ; a) ey 7 iy 4 | Bay n" on le Ov 1 aya i? BN Lun iia nae Pius Miva Hina bat Her m4 +‘: an a ag er a , ANA) hot ev a ai Sue : a ie) ie ihe ni i \ i it fe ‘ae a ii he ‘ hh Hi i yA) ay | i ; ee Ci ; Ny ii Me ay Mi ) ah api i i Wh ht j me ) i He , i r uy iH ) i Y, { i Lynd § if ra "e pate ‘ ‘ bY ae a, eure 4) i ; ise 7. ia f % TaN »! } cee : F oe i He ante. wy MYCOTAXON Volume LVI, pp. 145-149 January-March 1996 CIRCINELLA LACRYMISPORA SP. NOV. A NEW MUCORAL ISOLATED FROM ARGENTINE SOILS A.M. Arambarri* and M.N. Cabello** Instituto de Botanica "Spegazzini", 53 # 477, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. Summary A new species of Circinella, namely C. Jlacrymispora, isolated from hydrocarbon polluted soil sampled in Ensenada (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina), is described and illustrated. A new combination is proposed: Fennelomyces naumovi comb. nov. Exsiccata are available at the Spegazzini Institute (LPS). Upon examination of soil fungi growing in hydrocarbon polluted soils from Ensenada (Buenos’) Aires Province, Argentina) special attention was paid to a species of the genus Circinella. A study of the characteristics on culture media demonstrated that this species does not belong to any species formerly described and it should be considered as a new one. It was isolated from soil using the soil washing technique (Parkinson & Williams 1961). The description is made from observations on malt extract agar (MEA). The genus Circinella was erected by van Tieghem & Le Monnier in 1873. It includes species closely related to Mucor but differing by the production of sporangiophores with circinate branches. Hesseltine & Fennell (1955) recognized 7 species and described a new one namely C. linderi. We agree with Naganishi (1974) who compared C. chinensis and C. mucoroides and concluded that both have different morphological and physiological characteristics, for these reasons C. chinensis is a valid species following him. Benny and Benjamin (1975) erected a new genus Fennellomyces to reubicate C. linderi. This species has two different kinds of sporangia: large, terminal, columellate, multisporate and apophysate sporangia and multispored, rarely l-spored sporangiola, and supported by a_ recurved and branched sporangiophore. * Researcher of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina. **Researcher of the Comisidn de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Argentina. 146 Since the publication of those works there has been no new valid description or revision of the genus Circinella, although C. indica was erected by Patil & Kale, but not validly published, art. 37 IBCN (Index of fungi 1982,vol.5 part.4). hy chisn papers .GCircinellaylacnymi SPOLa Ov a ISD. Ss described and a key of the species of the genus is presented. C. naumovi is revised and a new combination is proposed. SPECIES DESCRIPTION Circinella lacrymispora nov. sp. fig. 1-5. Coloniae late effusae, albae, pallide olivaceae. Sporangiophora monotypica, 500-1000 pm alta, 5-8 um diam., sympodialiter ramosa. Sporangia circinata globosa, 36-45 pm diam., collumnis globosis 9-10 um diam. Sporangiosporae in magnitudine uniformes, obovoidea-obclaviformis 6-8 x 2,7-3 um ad basin, 0,9-1 um ad apicem, laevia hyalina. Zygosporae ignotae. Holotypus: ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Ensenada, leg. M.N. Cabello; sViAL994, (COLONI av eCXSICCata an Culture.) LES 5p. Etymology: from latin lacryma: tear; referring to the shape of the sporangiospores. Colonies on MEA restricted, reaching 5 cm after 10 days, at first white, then pale olive, usually effuse, reverse at first white after,10 days avellanous. Sporangiophores up to 1 mm long, 5-8 pm diam., nonseptate, hyaline, sympodially branched, fertile branches circinate, bearing single sporangia, with alternate arrangement; with sterile spines at the sporangial base, without rhizoid-like. structures. Sporangia globose typically 36-40) ym) diam. , globose, hyaline, smooth. Sporangiospores obovoid- obclaviform, smooth, hyaline, 6-8 x 2,7-3 at the base and 0,9-1 pm at apex. Zygospores unknown. This species may be distinguished from other species of Circinella by its spore shape, and sympodial arrangement of ithe, circinate, branches. .1t)is » close: to,..C. Lcehinensis Naganishi et Kojiro (CBS 140.28), with a similar shape, arrangement of the sporangiophores and sporangia and the presence of sterile spines, but differs by the size and shape of the spores. We have also compared the culture of C. lacrymispora with the culture of C. simplex van Tieghem Figures 1-6 Circinella lacrymispora. Fig. 1. sporangiophores circinate with spines; fig. 2 & 3. Sporangium with columellae; fig.4. columellae; fig. 5. sporangiospores. Bars represent 100pm in 1; 10pm in 2 & 4; 20pm in 3 and 5pm in 5. 147 LEON IK ONT X 5: eesse 148 (CBS 142.35), the latter having irregular spores and laking sterile spines. Fennellomyces naumovii (Mil'ko) comb.nov. = Circinella naumovii Mil'ko Novosti Sist. Nizsn. (Rast....0%. 96% Sporangiphores simple or sympodially branched, arising directly from the subtrate mycelium. Tall sporangiophores producing one large terminal sporangia and lateral sporangiola borne on circinate pedicels. Material examined culture CBS 514.68 Key to the species of Circinella A.- Sporangia arranged in umbels on the sporangiophore B. B.- At least 8 or 10 sporangia per umbel 1.- C. umbellata B'.-Not more than 4 or 5 sporangia per umbel 2 Coe mL ITO LT A'.- Sporangia not arranged in umbels Cc. C.- Sporangial wall breaking and leaving a large saucer-like collar 3.- C. angarensis C'.- Sporangial wall not with the above character- istics Ds D.- With sterile spines on differents parts of the sporangiophore Es E.- Spines along the sporangiophore, not on the branches 4.- C. mucorioides E'.-Spines on the branches supporting the sporangia F F. With twisted steril hyphae 5.- C. chinensis F'. Without twisted steril hyphae.......... G G. Sporangiospores globoses 6.- C. muscae G'.- Sporangiospores obconic, regularly shaped 7.-C. lacryspora D'.- Without sterile spines H H.- Sporangial wall very hard and rigid 8. — 30, rigida H'.-Sporangial wall dehiscent 9.- C. simplex ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr. Jorge E. Wright (Departamento de Ciencia Bioldgicas U.B.A.), Dr. Irma J. Gamundi de Amos (Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, U.N.C.) for the critical review of the manuscript, Mrs. N. Malacalza for 149 inking the draw. Mrs F.B. Snippe-Claus from CBS is thanked for sending the cultures. We also wish to thank the financial support from Comisidn de Investigaciones Cientificas Prov. Bs. As. for the research "Bioremediation in situ of hydrocarbon polluted soils" 1994. REFERENCES Benny G.L. & R.K. Benjamin. 1975. Observations on Thamnidiaceae (Mucorales). New taxa, new combinations and notes on selected species.Aliso 8 (3):301-351. Hesseltine C.W. & D.I. Fenell. 1955. The genus Circinella. Mycologia 4/(2)27 183-212. Naganishi, H. 1974. On a Circinella species isolated from Korean yeast cake (Kyokusi). Trans.Mycol.Soc. Japan 15:175-177. Parkinson, D. & S.T. Williams. 1961. A method for isolating fungi from soil microhabitats. Plant and soil 13: 347-355. ‘ Ky fs” a ie is ae A eh See a kes 4 | aries ate tba ie us pie 8 ake, me Absa ih See LES AN ie Kh hy EM he a Mh Hy, ma, Lat , as ¥ OP is i 1 hval MY ue ata i a oes bt " ; i ,' ; in i any Pik ee “4 shod Wie Sat f te bi Ak He i . Ae N J ‘ : see h ay ts hss ae ee 4 4 Wyk ah Ne Mi Poe Ne IMR bi dte i i a vei ch a at ny oe ‘ a ee aM } ties 1 ay ( . a Pawar Va ce | Pai i Ne “i ’ , meet “AN fl Aa & id hie nt ee MYCOTAZXON Volume LVII, pp. 151-153 January-March 1996 A NEW SPECIES OF PARMELIA (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCOTINA) FROM THE ANTARCTIC DAG O. OVSTEDAL Botanical Institute, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Norway JOHN A. ELIX Department of Chemistry, The Faculties, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia RONALD I. LEWIS SMITH British Antarctic Survey, Madingly Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, England ABSTRACT: A new species of Parmelia (lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Antarctic. Parmelia lindsayana Ovstedal & Elix from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands) is described as new. This species resembles P. protosulcata Hale and P. cunninghamii Crombie, but differs in morphological details and in containing usnic, o-collatolic and alectoronic acids. Introduction During a study of the lichen flora of Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, Antarctica), a Parmelia species was found which could not be identified with any known species. This species is here described as new. Anatomical and chemical investigations follow standard methods. Parmelia lindsayana Ovstedal & Elix, sp. nov. Species cum thallo ut in Parmelia cunninghamii sed ab hac specie lobis sublineariter, angustioribus et acidum alectoronicum et acidum a- collatolicum continente differt. Type: South Orkney Islands. Knife Point, Borge Bay, Signy Island, 60°43'S, 45°02'E, 10 m elevation; on mosses on cliff ledges, 8 October 1966, D. C. Lindsay 1262 (holotypus: AAS). 152 Thallus saxicolous, firm, adnate, yellow-grey, pale brownish-grey, reddish-brown to dark mineral grey or blackened, 2-5 cm diam. Lobes sublinear, short, contiguous or ascending at the margins, 2-3 mm wide. Upper surface shiny but becoming dull and blackening with age, plane to rugose-foveolate with age, reticulately fissured only in the older parts, sorediate, the soralia linear along the margins, orbicular when laminal, soredia becoming grey-black, coarse, granular, becoming partially corticate and subisidiate; pseudocyphellae effigurate, laminal, moderate, punctiform or curved, most prominent on the marginal lobes. Medulla white. Lower surface moderately to densely rhizinate, the rhizines simple to sqarrosely branched, 1-2 mm long. Pycnidia rare, marginal; conidia cylindrical, 5.5-7.0 x 1 um. Apothecia not seen. Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C-, KC+ pink, P-, UV+ bluish- white; containing atranorin, chloroatranorin, usnic acid, a-collatolic acid (major), alectoronic acid (minor). P. lindsayana has affinities with P. cunninghamii but is distinguished by the narrower (2-3 mm wide), sublinear lobes, the coarser soredia, cortical usnic acid and medullary alectoronic and a-collatolic acids. P. cunninghamii develops similar soralia but has broader (3-6 mm wide), irregular lobes with rotund apices and contains medullary salazinic and consalazinic acids. Furthermore the soredia are much finer and farinose in P. cunninghamii. P. lindsayana also resembles P. protosulcata, particularly in the coarse soredia which becomes partially corticate (sorediate-isidia). However P. protosulcata has still narrower lobes (1-3 mm wide) and differs chemically from P. lindsayana in containing medullary protocetraric acid. Usnic acid is very rare in Parmelia sensu stricto, being known only from the Euroasian species, P. fraudans, while alectoronic acid and a-collatolic acid have not been observed in any other Parmelia species. This new species appears to grow in moss tufts (mainly Andreaea spp.) in sheltered habitats and may in the field have been overlooked as small specimens of P. sulcata Taylor or P. saxatilis. Earlier, only Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. was known from the Antarctic area (see Lindsay 1973) but subsequently both P. saxatilis and P. sulcata were found in South Georgia (Lindsay 1974). P. lindsayana represents a further species from the region. Recently Stenroos (1991) reported P. cunninghamii, P. protosulcata, P. saxatilis, P. kerguelensis Wilson (which was considered a chemotype of P. saxatilis) and P. sulcata in Tierra del Fuego, where the larger number of species reflects a greater variety of habitats. 153 LITERATURE CITED Hale, M. E. (1987). A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelia Acharius sensu stricto (Ascomycetinae: Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 66: 1-65. Lindsay, D: C. (1973). Notes on Antarctic lichens: VII. The genera Cetraria Hoffm, Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl., Menegazzia Massal., Parmelia Ach. and Platismatia Culb. & Culb. British Antactic Survey Bulletin 36: 105-114.. Lindsay, D. C. (1974). The macrolichens of South Georgia. British Antarctarctic Survey Scientific Reports 89: 1-91. Stenroos, S. (1991). The lichen genera Parmelia and Punctelia in Tierra del Fuego. Annals Botanica Fennica 28: 241-245. Wats Wt i 1 Sn un i i a ie Bi cone hel OE pea a tt Hie 2 fie che pala annoy, Uh ; i tale ‘ oy ii, Vie ah wi te kas a a M i: ? an i an Lp Mis ate Hy 1) ne ek i hk | tae vue st Hi * i . “ Notas ai eal aie ey : ‘i una Beata Ans f oe yy i bi f sie Ne A | aid ty bn ate i Pe ; ; j i, iii : ata pe ‘Wag rh } gal ey it nya vow fl 1 5 : r, Wi ; if i Pi i | 7 rane MAUNA Wh ts NAL ea ne Hr a aa: ania 4 i 7 7 Mie 7 q ig ; A ih * iv i 7 ny | i iy Pit nie h wae au tr hy had ah, ‘ie bad Ea AnM nT eu INN Caer aan ra , : At ie i ne i : pia hee ut Sy ths a esi Rib ke | MYCOTAZXON Volume LVII, pp. 155-162 January-March 1996 CALVATIA COMPLUTENSIS sp.nov. (L YCOPERDACEAE, GASTEROMYCETES) FROM SPAIN. G. MORENO ©), H. KREISEL ?) & A. ALTES ©) (1) Dpto. Biologia Vegetal, Universidad de Alcala, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. (2) Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat, Fachbereich Biologie, Institut fiir Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. SUMMARY: Calvatia complutensis, a new species from Spain, is described and illustrated by SEM photography. Key words: Calvatia complutensis, Gasteromycetes, taxonomy. In 1986, and for the first time, we found (G. M. and A. A.) a single basidiocarp of a member of the Lycoperdaceae unknown to us. This specimen was collected on the campus of the Universidad de Alcala, prov. Madrid, by one of our students of biology. Immediately, we were convinced that its characters did not fit any other species described in Calvatia and related genera. A few years later, we had the opportunity to compare our material with some samples of Calvatia bicolor (Lév.) Kreisel from Baja California, Mexico. The macroscopic similarity of both taxa was striking, but they revealed different microscopic characters. In 1991, another basidiocarp, similar to the previous one, was found in the neighbourhood of Alcala de Henares, and, three years later, a third fruitbody showed up near the Universidad de Alcala. Recently, we have studied two additional collections, both found in Pinto, prov. Madrid, approximately 50 km distant from the localities mentioned above, and conserved in the herbarium MA-Fungi. In view of the repeated collections in the province of Madrid and the constancy of the macro- and microscopical characters, we propose to attribute the collections to a new species with the name Calvatia complutensis. 156 For the present, 4 species of Calvatia have been recorded from Spain (CALONGE 1990), to which we now add the new taxon described below. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material of Calvatia complutensis described below is conserved in the herbaria of the Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain (AH), and of the Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid, Spain (MA- Fungi). The gleba colour was determined by comparison with the Natural Colour Guide of LOCQUIN (1975) with the corresponding codes in parenthesis. The photographs by light microscope (LM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were carried out with the methods indicated by MORENO ef al. (1995). Calvatia complutensis G. Moreno, Kreisel & Altés, sp. nov. FIGS. 1-13 Etymology: Compluto, nomen antiguum urbis Alcala de Henares (= locus typi). Carposoma ad 70 mm altum, subglobosum, basi rotundatae sedens, in maturitate mycelio dehiscens. Exoperidium albidum, cremeum, glabrum, leve, deinde areolatum, tenue. Endoperidium rigidum, coriaceum, 0.5 ad 1.5 mm crassum, castaneum, nigrescens, opacum. Gleba matura_ olivaceobrunnea, pulverulenta. Subgleba nulla. | Basidiosporae ovoideae-subglobosae, in microscopio optico subleves, in microscopio electronico leviter rugosae, apedicellatae, (3.2-)4.8-5.6(-6.4) um longae, in cumulo obscure _ olivaceobrunneae. Capillitium modo generis Lycoperdon ramificatum, regulariter septatum, fragile; hyphae ad septa ruptae, dichotomae, parietibus crassiusculis poris sparsis conspicuis circularibus instructae. Habitat: Locis cultis et ruderalibus Hispaniae centralis, ca. 600-625 m.s.m. Locus typi: Hispania, prov. Madrid, Alcalé de Henares, in campo Universitatis, leg. J. Sanchez, 24.VII.1986. Holotypus in herbario AH 13238 conservatur. FIGS. 1-8. Calvatia complutensis Moreno, Kreisel & Altés AH 13238 HOLOTYPE. 1, 2. Basidiocarp showing the dirty white exoperidium and the irregular rupture of the endoperidium. 3, 4. Filaments of exoperidium. 5-8. Capillittum. Scale bars: 1, 2 = 10 mm; 3-8 = 10 pm. 157 158 Basidiocarp 23-70 mm diam, globose or pear-shaped, separated from the basal mycelium when mature to roll freely on the ground. Exoperidium thin, dirty white, breaking into small polygonal plates when mature (fig. 1). Endoperidium 0.5-1.5 mm thick, smooth, coriaceous, fragile, rupturing irregularly from the apex (Fig. 2), fulvous to dark brown or bronze brown (sometimes striking coppery brown), opaque; sometimes small orifices, caused apparently by insects, are present. G/eba dark olivaceous brown (A2b). Subgleba absent. Basidiospores (3.2-)4.8-5.6(-6.4) pm diam, globose to ovoid, ochraceous, under LM glabrous with a small hyaline apiculus 0.5 to 1.2 um long; under SEM showing a rugose to very fine verruculose ornamentation (figs. 12, 13). Capillitium abundant, 3-5.5 um diam, with moderately thick walls (up to 1 ym) surface with infrequent circular pits of medium size (figs. 9, 10), dichotomously ramified, frequently septate (rupturing at the septa), sometimes somewhat sinuous (fig. 7), yellowish to olivaceous brown, not enlarged at the septa although sometimes the filaments are slightly broader at one side of a septum (figs. 5, 9, 11). Exoperidium formed by interwoven filaments, 3-6 um diam, hyaline, septate without clamps, ramified (figs. 3, 4), with some cells of variable morphology (claviform or subglobose), enlarged to 12 um diam. Material of Calvatia complutensis studied: SPAIN: Prov. Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Campus Universidad de Alcala, junto a un seto de Thuja sp., terreno basico, leg. J. Sanchez, 24.XII.1986, AH 13238 HOLOTIPO; ibidem, junto a un seto de Cupressus arizonica E. L. Greene, terreno basico, leg. R. Galan; 8.X1.1994, AH 16884; km 8 ctra. Alcala de Henares-Anchuelo, en cuneta con vegatacion nitrofila, terreno basico, leg. A. Altés & G. Moreno, 12.X1I.1991, AH 14273; Pinto, en jardin bajo Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Sophora japonica L., leg. R Morales, 9.V.1988, MA-Fungi 32093; ibidem, VI-1990, MA-Fungi 32092. Material of Calvatia pachyderma studied: SPAIN: Prov. Gerona, Blanes, Cala Bona, leg. M. D. Sierra, MA-Fungi 19748. Prov. Barcelona, Bezos, leg. M. D. Sierra, MA-Fungi 31138. FRANCE: Dép. Pyrénées-Orientales, Corcega, Le Boulou, Plantation d'amandiers, Jeg. G. Hubin, 8.X.1986, MA-Fungi 19745; FIGS. 9-13. Calvatia complutensis Moreno, Kreisel & Altés AH 13238 HOLOTYPE. 9-11. Capillittum showing some septa and pits. 12, 13. Basidiospores with slightly verruculose ornamentation. FIG. 14. Distinctly ornamented basidiospores of Calvatia bicolor (Lév.) Kreisel BCMEX 2102. Scale bars: 9-11 =5 um; 12-14 = 1pm. 159 160 ibidem, Port-Vendres, prés, 40 m, bord de friche sur schistes métamorphiques, leg. J. Lambinon, 4.VII.1985, MA-Fungi 19744. MEXICO: Baja California, Hacienda Santa Verénica, 130 km al NE de Ensenada, en Eriogonum fasciculatum, leg. S. Monroe, 5.[1V.1986, BCMEX 3946 in AH; Isla Guadalupe, sin datos ecoldgicos, | leg. H. Chavez, VIII.1978, BCMEX 1927 in AH. Material of Calvatia bicolor studied: MEXICO: Baja California, 1 km al Sureste de San José del Cabo, en matorral con Lycium sp. y Solanum sp., 9.X1.1984, leg. C. Ochoa & N. Ayala, BCMEX 2102; and see KREISEL (1994). | Material of Lanopila capensis studied: SOUTH AFRICA: Stellenbosch, coll. Miss A. V. Duthie, cat. 7567, TYPE in BPI 706162. Observations: Calvatia complutensis is characterized by its dirty white and thin exoperidium, fulvous to bronze brown endoperidium, absence of subgleba, basidiospores under LM glabrous, under SEM finely rugose to verruculose, and capillittum with medium-sized pits. In size and colour pattern, it is remarkably similar to collections of C. bicolor (Lév.) Kreisel = [Lanopila bicolor (Lév.) Pat.] from Baja California (Mexico) and other places, including the holotype from Bombay, India (PC). Macroscopically, both species are difficult to differentiate, but C. bicolor has no pits in its capillitium hyphae, and its basidiospores are distinctly verrucose under LM and, particularly, under SEM (fig. 14). The proposed species belongs to Calvatia sect. Gastropila (Homrich & J. E. Wright) Kreisel (KREISEL 1992, 1994), together with Calvatia pachyderma (Peck) Morgan, which is conspecific with Gastropila fragilis (Lév.) Homrich & J. E. Wright (DEMOULIN 1993), whose arguments we accept after examination of Peck's herbarium material. Therefore C. pilula Kreisel (KREISEL 1992) is considered to be a synonym of C. pachyderma (Peck) Morgan. Some years ago, DEMOULIN, MARTIN & CALONGE (1988) recorded for the first time C. pachyderma from Europe; see also KREISEL (1989, p. 294). Later CALONGE & MARTIN (1990) interpreted the type of C. pachyderma as a species with omamented spores which was followed by KREISEL (1992, 1994). Previously, LLOYD (1923), COKER & COUCH (1928), and ZELLER & SMITH (1964) described C. pachyderma as a species with normally glabrous but sometimes ornamented spores. The causes of such uncertainty were recently clarified by DEMOULIN (1993). The differences between Calvatia complutensis and C. pachyderma are summarized in the following table: 161 Calvatia pachyderma (Peck) Calvatia complutensis Morgan sensu Demoulin 1993, Sp. nov. non Swoboda 1940, non Kreisel 1992 Basidiocarps 77-170 mm (up to 250 mm, diam. in Demoulin et al., 1987) Base wedge-shaped (cuneate), ! rounded (globose or frequently deeply plicate pyriform), scarcely plicate Endoperidium 1-4 mm thick 0.5-1.5 mm thick } Capillitium with frequent very small pits | with less frequent medium- size pits Colour of mature yellowish brown to umber dark olivaceous brown gleba brown, without olivaceous tints Basidiospores glabrous under LM and SEM | glabrous under LM, rugose : to slightly verruculose under SEM Distribution Western United States, Central Spain Mexico, South America, Mediterranean Europe (Spain and Southern France), Australia Lanopila capensis C. G. LLoyd, described from temperate South Africa (LLOYD 1923) has a well-marked, compact subgleba, capillittum with abundant striking slit-like pits, and verrucose spores under LM and SEM. Lanopila radloffiana Verwoerd, which is known only one collection from the Orange Free State, subtropical South Africa (BOTTOMLEY 1948), is said to have no subgleba, glabrous spores (under LM) and capillitium without pits. We have, so far, not succeeded in obtaining this material on loan. Although there are some differences between Calvatia complutensis and Bottomley's description of J. radloffiana, it would be interesting to compare the type material of both species at some future date. 162 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our gratitude to the conservators of the herbaria MA-Fungi, BCMEX, BPI, and PC for loan of material of Calvatia complutensis, C. bicolor, and the type collections of Lanopila capensis and Bovista bicolor. We are similarly thankful to Dr. A. Ortega, Granada, for the review of the manuscript, to Dr. F. D. Calonge, Madrid, for his comments, and to Mr. J. T. Palmer for checking the English text. We also thank Messrs. J.A.Pérez for their invaluable cooperation with the SEM. This work has been partly financed by DGICYT PB 91-0165. REFERENCES BOTTOMLEY, A. M. (1948). Gasteromycetes of South Africa. Bothalia 4:473-810. CALONGE, F. D. (1990). Check-list of the Spanish Gasteromycetes (Fungi, Basidiomycotina). Crypt. Bot. 2:35-55. CALONGE, F. D. & M. P. MARTIN (1990). Notes on the taxonomical delimitation in the genera Calvatia, Gastropila and Langermannia (Gasteromycetes). Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 14:181-190. COKER W. C. & J. N. COUCH (1928). Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 201 pp. DEMOULIN, V. (1993). Calvatia pachyderma (Peck) Morg. and Gastropila fragilis (Lév.) Homrich et Wright, two possible names for the same fungus. Mycotaxon 46: 77-84. DEMOULIN, V., M. P. MARTIN & F. D. CALONGE (1988). Calvatia pachyderma (Peck) Morgan (Gasteromycetes), nueva para Europa. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 12: 85-88. KREISEL, H. (1989). Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycotina). Nova Hedwigia 48:281-296. KREISEL, H. (1992). An emendation and preliminary survey of the genus Calvatia (Gasteromycetidae). Persoonia 14:431-439. KREISEL, H. (1994). Studies in the Calvatia complex (Basidiomycetes) 2. Feddes Repert. 105:369-376. LLOYD, C. G. (1923). Calvatia pachyderma from Stewart S. Towne, California. Mycological Notes 7:1304, pl. 298. LOCQUIN, M. V. (1975). Natural color guide. Publ. by the author. Sens, France. 12 pl. MORENO, G., A. ALTES, C. OCHOA & J. E. WRIGHT (1995). Contribution to the study of the family Tulostomataceae in Baja California, Mexico. I. Mycologia 87:96-120. ZELLER, S. M. & A. H. SMITH (1964). The genus Calvatia in North America. Lloydia 27:148-186. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 163-170 January-March 1996 __ BADHAMIA MELANOSPORA Speg. A SPECIES WRONGLY INTERPRETED CASTILLO A., C. ILLANA & G, MORENO Dpto. Biologia Vegetal. Universidad de Alcala de Henares. 28871. Alcala de Henares. Madrid. Espafia. Abstract: The type of Badhamia melanospora Speg. was studied, and a new description is given, including the study of spores by SEM. The Latin diagnosis is emended. It is compared to the type of B. gracilis (T. Macbr.)T. Macbr. The variety B. gracilis var. melanospora is proposed. Keys words: Badhamia melanospora, B. gracilis, Myxomycetes, taxonomy, chorology. METHODS Microphotographs of spores prepared by the critical point method, were made under a Zeiss-DSM 950 SEM. Our microscopical examinations were made on material mounted in Hoyer's medium or KOH (2%). We have used the terminology proposed by RAMMELOO (1974) for the descriptions of the spore ornamentation in our studies under the scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) Badhamia melanospora Speg. Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 10: 148. 1880. (Figs. 1-4). Latin diagnosis: Sporangia sessilia dense gregario-constipata, sphaeroidea, levia, cinereo, albida, sporis expulsis nivea. Columella nulla. Tubuli capillitii rigidiusculi.crebre reticulatin conjucti, medio incrasato fusiformibus, 164 nodulis planis; sporae conglobatae vel liberae, leves atrae, opacae, e mutua pressione polygono-angulosae, 15 ym diam. Hab. in trunco putrescente Cerei peruviani in the Bagnado of San José de Flores, Argentina, may 1880. Description: The type material of Badhamia melanospora Speg., which is in poor condition and consists of some basal remains of sporocysts on the remants of a Cactaceae "Cereus peruvianus". Sporocysts sessile, whitish, 0,5-0,8 mm. in diam. aprox., these measurements are difficult to determine exactly due to the poor condition of the specimen. Peridium single, thin and delicate, only preserved at the base. Hypothallus scanty, straw- coloured. Capillittum almost completely disrupted, but the scanty remains are badhamioid and nearly white. Spores appear scattered throughout the sample. 2 pm 2 Ha Badhasia melanos _ Badhaasia ae Plates 1-4: Badhamia melanospora Speg. LPS 31.437 (typus).-1-3: spores under the S.E.M. 4: detail of spore ornamentation. 165 Plates 5-8: Badhamia gracilis BPI 802760 (choisen as lectotypus).- 5-7: spores under the S.E.M. 8: detail of spore ornamentation. Spores free, dark purple, 15-17 um in diam., polygonal (angular in optical section), with dense warts uniformly placed. SEM shows the spores to be polygonal with well defined situated ridges, and the warts are uniformly positioned. , The type specimen was within a paper envelope, on which there are drawings of a globose, sessile sporocyst, capillitium that looks badhamioid and three spores which are clearly drawn as angular (possibly by Spegazzini). Remarks: Badhamia melanospora has been treated in various way by different authors in their publications. MASSEE, (1892) described Badhamia melanospora as sessile, 66 with spherical sporocysts and with spores either in clusters or free, smooth, black and subangular from mutual pressure, 15 um in diam, the description seems to be a translation from the latin diagnosis. LISTER (1925) stated: "possibly Badhamia melanospora Speg. with sessile sporangia and black spores clustered or free measuring 15 pm, is a form of B. capsulifera (Bull.) Berk., but in the absence of the type this must remain uncertain". MARTIN & ALEXOPOULOS (1969) agree with Lister. We believe that these authors had not seen the type material, and their description is literally based on the original diagnosis by Spegazzini, who pointed out that the spores are in clusters or free (sporae conglobatae vel liberae),; according to our observations the spores are always free. The difference between B. capsulifera and B. melanospora is very evident, because the former has not got angular spores, besides forming clusters of 6-20 spores. FARR (1976), who revised the type, stated that Badhamia melanospora Speg. is a synonym of B. macrocarpa (Cesati) Rostafinski, because she had not found noticeable differences between them. Farr states "the spores are angular when dry, but globose or nearly so when fully distended, 16-18 ym in diam.". We do not agree with the description of the spore morphology as given by Farr, since, in our slides in KOH 2%, they always show a polygonal outline with well defined ridges, which are specially pronounced under SEM. In our opinion B. melanospora and B. macrocarpa cannot be synonyms because, in all the descriptions of B. macrocarpa, no reference is made to the spore ornamentation being like B. melanospora. : NANNENGA-BREMEKAMP (1991) reports §Badhamia melanospora for the Netherland, but her description, with regard to the spore ornamentation, does not agree with either the description given by Farr nor with ours. Moreover, she stated that the type material came from Madagascar. Curiously, Badhamia melanospora has never been compared with the species that we think is very like it, viz: B. gracilis (T.Macbr.) T.Macbr. On the spore ornamentation of Badhamia gracilis, many authors have given their opinions, from Macbride, when he gave the first description (in MACBRIDE & MARTIN, 1934), to HAGELSTEIN (1938, 1944). SCHEETZ & ALEXOPOULOS (1971) were the first to determine the structure of its spore ornamentation with S.E.M. Comparing the spores of Badhamia melanospora with those of B. gracilis, we have observed that they are similar. By transmitted light, the 167 Plates 9-14: Badhamia gracilis AH 12051. 9-10: spores under the S.E.M.; Badhamia gracilis var. melanospora AH 16641.-11-12: spores under the S.E.M. 13-14: detail of spore ornamentation. 168 spores appear with spines uniformly placed, angular in optical section. Under SEM the ornamentation is verrucose (RAMMELOO, 1974) and the polygonal appearance shows very strong ridges (Figs. 1-8). The main difference between these species is the spore size, 15-18 pm in B. melanospora and 12-15 wm in B. gracilis. The spores of B. melanospora are generally darker than the spores of B. gracilis and the spore ornamentation of B. melanospora is formed by denser warts. On the other hand, the habitat where the types have been collected, is similar: Cereus peruvianus (B. melanospora) and Yucca sp. (B. gracilis). The Spanish material of B. gracilis frequently appears on Opuntia ficus-indica (LOPEZ-SANCHEZ & al., 1986). The latin diagnosis of Badhamia melanospora by Spegazzini is wrong as regards the description of its spores, in the following points: the spores are free not forming clusters and polygonals, the diameter is larger than 15 wm and the ormamentation is verrucose. Due to preceding arguments, we propose that B. melanospora should be considered as emend. nom. Badhamia melanospora is a taxon which has been quoted only a few times in the literature. These records were nevertheless wrong, being confused with other species of Badhamia. The differences in the spore size between B. melanospora and B. gracilis are evident; the former taxon should therefore be considered as a variety with larger spores (16-18 pm) of B. gracilis. In Spain, we have studied collections of Badhamia gracilis with. large spores, viz. 16-18 um in diam. (figs. 11-14), similar to the sample from Argentina collected by Spegazzini, so we confirm the presence of B. gracilis var. melanospora in Europe. On the other hand, the typus material of B. melanospora is incomplete and badly preserved, therefore we propose as epitype (Art. 9.7 Tokyo Code) the sample AH 16641, Spain, Playa de los Genoveses, Cabo de Gata, Almeria, on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) P. Mill., 24-II-94, Jeg.: E. Gallego, A. Altés, C. Ilana & G: Moreno. 169 The taxonomic treatment we propose is the following: Badhamia gracilis var. melanospora (Speg.) Castillo, Moreno & Illana, emend. nom., comb. et status nov. = B. melanospora Speg. Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 10: 148. 1880 Badhamia grandispora (lana & Moreno, is close to B. gracilis var. melanospora by its spore size, but can be distinguished by the pale pinkish flesh colour of the sporocysts and by the spore ornamentation (ILLANA & al., 1992). Material studied: Badhamia melanospora (typus): ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, in the Bagnado of San José de Flores, V-1880, leg. C. Spegazzini, on Cereus peruvianus (L) P. Mill., in LPS 31.437. Badhamia gracilis: USA. Leyden, Southern Colorado, 25-VI-1910, leg. E. Bethel, on Yucca sp., in BPI 802760 (choisen as lectotypus), 802761, 802762 & 802763. SPAIN. Barbaén stream, Natural Park of Monfragtie, Caceres, on Opuntia ficus- indica (L) P. Mill., leg. C. Illana & G. Moreno, AH 12051. Val de Uxo, Castellon, on Opuntia ficus-indica (L) P. Mill., 19-IV-92, leg. A. Castillo, AH 14564. Azuaga, Badajoz, on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) P. Mill., 27-XI-91, leg. J. R. Garcia, AH 14250. Ibidem, 2-I-92, 3-I-92, 10-X-92, AH 16350, 16152 and 16180. Badhamia gracilis var. melanospora: SPAIN. Playa de los Genoveses, Cabo de Gata, Almeria, on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) P. Mill., 24-I-94, leg.: E. Gallego, A. Altés, C. Illana & G: Moreno, AH 16440, 16641 (epitypus) and 16644. Los Retacos, road from Tabernas to Turrillas, Almeria, on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) P. Mill, 25-I-94, leg.: A. Altés, G. Moreno & C. Illana, AH 16638. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our gratitude to the DGICYT for granting us Research Project PB 91-0165, which is included this work, and the Univ. of Alcala de Henares for financing the Research Project ref. 93/10; to the "Consejo Social" of the Univ. of Alcala de Henares for financial supports which enabled us to visit the National Botanic Garden of Meise, Belgium. We thank J. A. Pérez from the "Servicio de Microscopia Electronica" of the Univ. of Alcala de Henares, for their help with the S. E. M.; and the curator of herbaria AH, LPS and BPI for lending the material in their herbarium. The authors are also grateful to Mrs. Nannenga- Bremekamp and Dr. Rammeloo for their revision and scientific comments, to Mr. J. T. Palmer for kindly checking the English. ; 170 LITERATURE FARR, M. L. (1976).- Flora Neotropica. Monograph n°16. Myxomycetes. The New York Botanical Garden. New York.304 pp. HAGELSTEIN, R. (1938).- Notes on Mycetozoa II. Mycologia 30: 336-353. HAGELSTEIN, R. (1944).- The Mycetozoa of North America. Publ. by the author. Mineola. New York. 306 pp. — ILLANA, C, G. MORENO & M. HEYKOOP (1992).- Spanish Myxomycetes. V. A new species of Badhamia and a new variety of Physarum. Mycotaxon 45: 241-247. LISTER, A. (1925, reprint 1972).- A monograph of the Mycetozoa.3* ed. revised by G. Lister. Johnson Reprint Corp. 296 pp. LOPEZ-SANCHEZ, E., M. HONRUBIA, E. GRACIA & F. J. GEA (1986).-Estudio de los Mixomicetos que fructifican sobre Opuntia ficus-indica L. en el S.E. de Espafia peninsular. Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 10: 41-48. MACBRIDE, T. H. & G. W. MARTIN (1934).-The Myxomycetes. New York. 1934. | MARTIN, G. W. & C. J. ALEXOPOULOS (1969).- The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa. Iowa. 561 pp. MASSEE, G.(1892).-.4 monograph of the Myxogastres. Methuen & Co. London.367 pp. NANNENGA-BREMEKAMP, N. E. (1991).- A guide to temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited. Bristol. 409 pp. RAMMELOO, J.(1974).- Structure of the epispore in the Trichiaceae (Trichiales, Myxomycetes), as seen with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 107: 353-359. SCHEETZ, R. W. & C. J. ALEXOPOULOS. The spores of Badhamia gracilis (Myxomycetes). Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 90: 473- 475. 1971. SPEGAZZINI, C. (1880).- Fungi Argentini. Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 10: 145-167. MYCOTAXON Volume LVIL pp. 171-174 January-March 1996 A NEW INOCYBE (CORTINARICEAE) FROM KERALA STATE, INDIA K B VRINDA, C K PRADEEP, A VIJAYA JOSEPH AND T K ABRAHAM Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562, Kerala, India ABSTRACT Inocybe virosa is described as new based on collections from Kerala, South India As part of an ongoing study of the agaric flora of Western Ghats of Kerala, an interesting species of Jnocybe (Fr.) Fr., was collected, typical of the section Rimosae (Fr.) Quel., yet differing from all the species so far descnbed in that section. The collection therefore represents a formerly undescribed species and is considered as a distinct taxon. Descriptions are based on fresh specimens collected by the authors. Specimens were studied both macro and microscopically immediately after collection. All sections were prepared in 3% KOH. Colour terminology used is that of Komerup & Wanscher (1967). The specimens are deposited in the mycological herbanum of the Microbiology division, TBGRI, Kerala and part at Kew. Inocyée virosa sp.nov. Fig. 1, A-D. Etymology: L.virosa, full of poison Pileus 2-8 cm latus, conico-convex expandens ad planum, late umbonatus, flave fuscus in disco, fasce luteus alibi, radiate appressus fibrillosus, remosus ad marginem. Lamellae adnexac, densae, flave canae, cum lamellulis vaniarum longitudinum. Stipes 4-10 cm x 2-11 mm, centralis, cylindricus, aequalis, fistulosus, flave albus, longitudine fibrillosus striate. Sporae 6.5-7.5 Xx 4.5-5.5 pm, ellipsoideae. Basidia clavata, tetrasporigera. Cheilocystidia clavata vel vesiculata, hyalina. Pleurocystidia nulla. NaF Fig 1 Inocybe virosa. A. habitx 1: B. basidia. C.spores,D.cheilocystidia Scale bar = 10 pm 173 Pileus 2-8 cm diam., conico-convex, soon expanding to plane, broadly umbonate; surface uniformly 'cognac' (6E7) in bud, otherwise 'cognac’ to ‘yellowish brown' (5E8-6E7) at the central umbonate region and ‘topaz’ (SCS) elsewhere, radially appressed fibrillose, rimose towards the margin. Lamellae adnexed,'putty'(4B2)becoming brownish with age , 2-4 mm broad crowded with lamellulae. Stipe 4-10 cm x 4-11 mm, central, cylindric, equal, fistulose; surface ‘yellowish white' (4A2), longitudinally fibrillose striate. Annulus none. Context dull white to pale buff, up to 4mm wide at the centre, without any apparant. colour change when cut or bruised, composed of hyaline, thin-walled, inflated hyphae,3-24 um diam., with clamp-connexions.. Spores 6.5 -7.5 x. 4.5-5 ym, ellipsoid, with a smooth, yellowish brown slightly thickened wall. Basidia 24-30 x 7.5-10.5pm, clavate, beanng four sterigmata. Lametla-edge sterile, with crowded cheilocystidia.Cheilocystidia 19.5- 40.5 x 13.5- 21 pm, clavate or clavato-cylindnc, thin-walled, hyaline sometimes pale brown in older specimens. Pleurocystidia absent. Hymenophoral trama regular, hyaline, of thin-walled hyphae, 2-10 pm diam., inflated up to 30 pm. Subhymenial layer pseudoparenchymatous. Pileipellis a cutis of radially parallel, repent, thin-walled hyphae, often encrusted with a brown pigment. Caulocystidia absent. Terrestrial, solitary or in groups, probably mycorrhizal in association with Aporosa cuminata Thw. (Euphorbiaceae) and Knema attenuata (Wall.ex Hook. f. & Thoms) Warb. (Myristicaceae). Materials examined: India,Kerala: TBGRI campus , 16 Oct. 1993, No.18; 19 Oct. 1993, No. 34; 21 Oct. 1993, No. 74; 24 Nov. 1993, No. 431; 26 Nov 1993, No.441 (holotype); 22 Apnl 1994, No.642; Silent Valley National Park, 18 May 1994, No.718; TBGRI campus, 25 May 1994, No. 753; Kallar forests, 17 June 1994, No 884; TBGRI campus, 14 June 1994, No.911; 18 July 1994, No. 1098; Agasthyamala, 26 July 1994, No. 1258; TBGRI campus,28 July 1994, No.1994. The rimose pileal surface, smooth spores and absence of metuloidal cystidia places this species in sect. Rimosae (Fr.) Quél., and it is closely allied to the widespread species, J. fastigiata (Schaeff.:Fr.) Quél., but differing in the colour of the basidioma and the spore size. It seems to be close to I.cutifracta Petch, descnbed from Peradenrya, Sn Lanka (Petch,1917), but differs in the habit, size of spores and shape of the cheilocystidia. Inocybe cutifracta is reported to be a good edible species 174 (Singer, 1975) but our species is found to be highly toxic (a rapid, uncomplicated dose- response assay was conducted on albino rats). Another distinctive poisonous member of this group, /fastigiata, has larger spores, differently coloured basidioma and has a small but conspicuous bulb at the base of the stipe. We have been unable to find a record of species, of Inocybe with the particular combination of our species. Therefore this is considered as a distinct taxon. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the WGDP of the Department of Planning and Economic Affairs, Government of Kerala for the financial assistance and to Dr. P.Pushpangadan, Director, TBGRL for the encouragement and facilities for carrying out this work Help rendered by Dr.D N Pegler, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England in confirming the identity of the species, for helpful comments on the manuscript and presubmission review of the text is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Dr. K J Joseph, Institute of European languages, Tnchur, Kerala for the Latin diagnosis. REFERENCES Komerup, A & Wanscher, J.H. 1967. Methuen Hand book of colour London Methuen &Co. 243pp Petch, T. 1917. Additions to Ceylon Fungi. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6:201. Singer, R. 1975. Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy. Edit. 3. Vaduz: J. Cramer. 912 pp MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 175-186 January-March 1996 LACTARIUS MEDITERRANEENSIS, A NEW SPECIES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION. J. LLISTOSELLA Dep. Biologia Vegetal (Botanica), Univ. Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E- 08028 Barcelona. Espafia. F. BELLU Via Cesare Battisti,34; I-39100 Bolzano. Italia. ABSTRACT: Lactarius mediterraneensis, a new species from the Mediterranean region. Lactarius mediterraneensis (Subg. Piperites, Sect. Piperites, Subsect. Croceini) sp. nov. and its forma citrina are described from Quercus woodlands in the Mediterranean region. Their systematics are discussed. Key words: Lactarius, Russulaceae, taxonomy. RESUMEN: Lactarius mediterraneensis, una nueva especie de la regi6n mediterranea. Se describe Lactarius mediterraneensis (Subg. Piperites, Secc. Piperites, Subsecc. Croceini), especie nueva procedente de los bosques de encinas y robles de la region mediterranea; se comenta su posicidn sistematica y se compara con las especies prdximas. Se _ describe también Lactarius mediterraneensis forma citrina. SOMMARIO: Lactarius mediterraneensis, una nuova specie della regione mediterranea. Viene_ descritto Lactarius mediterraneensis (Subg. Piperites, Sez. Piperites, Subsez. Croceini), specie nuova ritrovata nei boschi di querce della regione mediterranea; si discute la sua posizione sistematica e si compara con le specie vicine. Viene descritto anche Lactarius mediterraneensis forma citrina. 176 Lactarius mediterraneensis Liistosella et Belli sp. nov. Pileo 4.2-13.5 cm, convexo, vix umbilicato, dein lato, in medio valde depresso, tandem infundibuliformi; unctuoso, ad extremam partem vix zonato, sed plerumque confertim scrobiculato, cum scrobiculis concentricis et obscurioribus quam in reliqua superficie, interdum minoribus et valde confertis, interdum maioribus et minus confertis; margine involuto, dein expanso, laevigato vel vix tomentoso;, colore a cremeo-roseo usque ad ochraceo-luteolo, plerumque clariore ad marginem et obscuriore ad mediam partem. Stipite 2.5-5 x I1.3-3.2 cm, cylindrico, brevi, solido, medulloso, aetate cavo; leviter tomentoso, dein laevigato, plerumque non scrobiculato vel cum rarissimis scrobiculis, colore cremeo vel cremeo-albido, postremo usque ad ochraceo. Lamellis 3-9 mm latis, modice remotis, ad marginem 7-10 in cm, ad adnatis usque ad leviter decurrentibus, lamellulis praeditis et valde furcatis; colore a cremeo usque ad cremeo-ochraceum, denique obscure ochraceo, saepe cum rubigineis maculis. Sporata ochracea. Carne dura, firma, alba, fracta 1-2 fere minutis ad luteum paulatim vergente, postremo carneo-luteola; KOH ope statim colore xantho in carne et in lactice segregato paulatim cremeo vel luteo- cremeo. Odore laevi, pomaceo. Sapore forti, piperato. Lactice parum abundanti, acri, colore albo, statim ad luteum vergente. Sporis (9)-10-12-(13.5) x (7.5)-8-10-(11) pm, subglobosis, amyloideis reticulatis, cum reticulo paene integro. Basidiis 43-78 x 13-20 um, claviformibus, tetrasporis. Cystidiis 43-74 x 3-7 wm, vel cylindraceis vel lageniformibus, valde polymorphis, flexuosis, diverticulatis vel catenuliformibus, valde numerosis. Cute pilei trama composita cum pilis cylindraceis, 3-6 um latis, apice subcapitatis; pigmento luteolo plerumque_ extracellulare; dermatocystidiis numerosis, 4-8 um latis, usque ad 120 wm longis, cylindraceis vel vix capitatis Habitatio in quercetis termophilis, plerumque semper- virentibus, in Mediterraneis regionibus (Catalaunia, Baleares, Italia), in solo calcareo. Holotypus in loco dicto Can Pep Torrandell, prope Pollenca, in insula Majorica (Baleares), sub querco ilici, a J.L.. Siquier et J. Llistosella lectus, 9/XI/1992; in Ae & Fig. 1 - Lactarius mediterraneensis. A) Known geographic range in the European Mediterranean region (scale bar = 500 Km). B) Macroscopic appearance (ex holotype) (scale bar = 5 cm). 178 Herbario Facultatis Biologiae Universitatis Barcinonensis (BCC JL1484) servatus. Mycologiae Mediterraneensis Europaeae Confederationi (CEMM) dicatus. Lactarius mediterraneensis Llistosella et Belli sp. nov. Etym.: in honour of the Confederatio Europaea Mycologiae Mediterraneensis (CEMM). Pileus: 4.2-13.5 cm diam., convex and slightly umbilicate, later expanded, plano-convex, the umbilicus somewhat abrupt and obtuse, finally infundibuliform; margin entire, first revolute but expanding gradually. Cuticle slightly unctuous or subviscid, often dry and laccate or silky towards the margin, thin and elastic, easily separable to 1-1.5 cm from margin; sometimes vaguely zonate towards the centre, characteristically covered from the margin with crowded, more or less concentric scrobiculae; margin in very young specimens finely tomentose, sometimes exuding watery droplets, quickly becoming glabrous. Colour: pinkish cream or ochraceous yellow to orange-ochre; margin paler, in young specimens whitish cream and contrasting with orange-ochre scrobiculae and centre. Stipe: 2.5-5 x 1.3-3.2 cm, cylindrical, short and robust, base sometimes anfractuose; centre first solid, but gradually becoming hollow. Surface at first finely tomentose, later glabrous and smooth from the base, laccate or silky, typically not scrobiculate, although some specimens may produce a few small watery exudation droplets, with scattered scrobiculae appearing later. Colour: whitish cream, almost white at the apex, darkening with age to slightly dirty ochre, often staining reddish brown. Gills: 3-9 mm wide, thin, somewhat spaced, 7-10 per cm at margin, adnate to subdecurrent, with numerous lamellulae; interveined and often bifurcate. Colour: first ochraceous-cream or apricot, finally dirty ochre, staining orange-ochre or reddish brown where bruised. Spore print ochraceous (A5-B4 in MOSER 1980). Flesh: firm and compact, white when cut, turning somewhat citrine yellow in less than a minute, especially under the cuticle, under the stipe cortex and on the gills; progressively turning pinkish Fig. 2 - Lactarius mediterraneensis. a) Cystidia. b) Basidia. (scale bar = 10 um) c) Spores. (scale bar = 5 pm). 179 10 pm ‘ROSS 180 or dirty pinkish cream over the entire surface. Smell: slightly fruity- lactarioid; taste first bitter but soon very acrid. Chemical reactions: flesh instantly turning chrome-yellow or orange-yellow in KOH, latex cream-coloured, slowly turning chrome-yellow upon drying. Deep blue in guayacol. Turning greyish-green after half an hour in FeSO4. Spores: (9-)10-12(-13.5) x (7.5-)8-10(-11) pm, subglobose, ornamentation amyloid, crests up to 1 wm tall, forming an almost complete reticulum, meshes dense and closed, only occasionally open and tending to form isolated warts. Suprahilar plage non- amyloid. Basidia: 49-78 x 13-20 um, voluminous, clavate, tetrasporic, sterigmata broad and up to 11 pm long. Cystidia: 43-74 x 3-7(-9) um, very abundant, cylindrical to narrowly lageniform, not exceeding the basidia, apex appendiculate or multistrangulate. SBA positive. Cuticle: formed by a compact tissue with cylindrical hairs, x 3- 6 wm, segments mostly swollen at septa and more or less tortuous, terminal ones long, apex often capitate, up to 6-8 wm wide, basal ones shorter and wider; extracellular pigment yellowish. Dermatocystidia frequent, very long and narrow, up to over 120 x 4- 8 pm, cylindrical, apex obtuse or slightly capitate, O-(1) septate; SBA positive. Laticiferous tubes abundant in the deeper layers. Habitat: fruiting in autumn, solitary or gregarious, in Quercus woods, especially Q. ilex, exclusively on calcareous soils. MATERIAL STUDIED Kept at herbaria of the Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (BCC), Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia (MCVE) and Associazione Micologica Bresadola de Bolzano (AMBB). SPAIN: BALEARIC ISLES, MALLORCA: Pollencga, Can Pep Torrandell. UTM 31SEEO1. 40 m alt.; Quercus ilex; 9/X1/1992, leg. J.L. Siquier and J. Llistosella. Holotype, Herb. Fac. Biol. Univ. Barcelona (BCC JL1484). Ibid., Isotype (BCC JL1485, JL1486, JL1487). Escorca, Son Massip. UTM 31SDE80. 450-550 m alt., Fig. 3 - Lactarius mediterraneensis. Cuticular elements: hairs and dermatocystidia (scale bar = 10 pm). 181 10 pm 182 Quercus ilex; 20/XI/1984, leg. J.L. Siquier (BCC JL445). Pollencga, Vall de Ternelles. UTM 31SDE91. 150-200 m alt., Quercus ilex; 14/X1/1992, leg. E. Descals (BCC JL1485). Escorca, Predi d'Escorca. UTM 31SDE80. 650-750 m alt., Quercus ilex; 8/XI/1992, leg. M.A. Lopez de Gregorio (BCC JL1486). MENORCA: Mao, Sta. Catalina de Dalt. UTM 31SFE02. 50-70 m alt., Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis; 15/X1/1986, leg. J. Llistosella (BCC JL932). St. Lluis, Rincé d'Es Rafalet. UTM 31SFE11. 5-15 m alt., Quercus ilex; 15/XI/1990, leg. J. Llistosella (BCC JL1442). Alaior, Sta. Ponca. UTM 31SEE92. 110-130 m alt., Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis; 16/X1/1990, leg. J. Llistosella (BCC JL1445). CATALONIA, BARCELONA: Mura, Coll des Tenalles. UTM 31TDG11. 850-900 m alt. Quercus ilex; 12/X/1992, leg. A. Ramirez (BCC JL1488). Ibid. 5/X/1992, leg. A. Ramirez (BCC JL1489). Olesa de Montserrat, Torrent de Sta. Maria. UTM 31TDGOO. 150 m alt. Quercus ilex; 4/X/1992, leg. J. Vila (BCC JL1492). GIRONA: La Vall d'en Bas, La Coma. UTM 31TDGS57. 400 m alt. Quercus ilex, Q. robur, Buxus sempervirens; 14/X1/1987, leg. M. Aguasca (BCC JL1211 and JL1212). LLEIDA: Os de Balaguer, Bellpuig de les Avellanes. UTM 31TCG13. 500-550 m alt. Quercus faginea; 27/1X/1991, leg. J.M. Pérez (BCC JL1471). Vilanova de Meia, Barranc de les Torres. UTM 31TCG45. 850-900 m alt. Quercus ilex; 24/X/1992, leg. J. Llistosella (BCC JL1490). ITALY: PUGLIA, LECCE: Specchia, Bosco Antenna. IGM 536-1. 180 m alt., Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera; 17/X1/1991, leg. F. Bellu. Gagliano al Capo, Bosco di Gagliano. IGM 537-3. 150 m alt., Quercus ilex; 18/XI/1991, leg. F. Bellu. Montesano, Bosco Bitonti. IGM 537-4. 100 m alt., Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera; 21/X1/1991, leg. F. Belli (AMBB 91-177). SARDINIA, NUORO, Orgosolo, Sas Baddes. IGM 517-4. Quercus ilex; 9/X1/1994, leg. A. Gennari (MCVE 6678). Oliena, Lanaittu. IGM 500-2. Quercus ilex; 11/XI/1994, leg. A. Gennari and G. Robich (MCVE 6679). Lactarius mediterraneensis f. citrina Llistosella et Bella f. nov. A typo coloribus citrinis pileoque non scrobiculato differt. Lactarius mediterraneensis f. citrina Llistosella et Bella f. nov. Differing from the type in the citrine colouration of pileus and Stipe, in the absence of pileal scrobiculae and in the cuticle structure which separates easily to mid-radius of the pileus. Fig. 4 - Lactarius mediterraneensis (SEM). a, c, d and e) Spores. b) Hymenial cystidia. (scale bar = 2 um) 183 184 MATERIAL STUDIED SPAIN: BALEARIC ISLES; MALLORCA: Pollenca, Can Pep Torrandell. UTM 31SEE01. 40 m alt.; Quercus ilex; 9/XI1/1992, leg. J.L. Siquier and J. Llistosella. Holotype, Herb. Fac. Biol. Univ. Barcelona (BCC JL1491). DISCUSSION Since 1984, we have studied numerous collections of Lactarius mediterraneensis from Catalonia, the Balearic Isles (Spain) and, recently, also from Puglia and Sardinia (Italy). In the field, the medium to large sized, basically ochraceous basidiomata of L. mediterraneensis may be confused with L acerrimus Britz. and L. zonarius Fr. (Subsect. Piperites). It is distinguishable from these by its more or less scrobiculate pileus surface (most evident near the margin) and its latex, which, although not abundant, stains distinctly citrine yellow within a minute. The stipe of L. mediterraneensis is generally not scrobiculate, it turns characteristically dirty ochraceous or slightly greyish with age, but it always appears silky or laccate. However, the absence of scrobiculae is not a constant feature: in some specimens scattered scrobiculae were noted and one single specimen even showed a totally scrobiculate stipe. | The flesh is whitish when cut, locally changing within a few > seconds to citrine yellow near the gills and under the stipe cortex. As in L. zonarius, it gradually acquires pinkish or dirty pink tints, whereas in older specimens the citrine colour of the flesh may be masked by a reddening process; in this case it appears dirty pink from the beginning when cut. These staining qualities, especially when little latex is exuded, led to confusions with L. zonarius. One specimen from the type locality was not ochraceous in colour, it featured a non scrobiculate, citrine pileus, with some reddish brown spots, vaguely zonate towards the center (f/ citrina). Due to the absence of scrobiculae the cuticle could easily be peeled off almost down to mid-radius. This may lead to confusion with L. resimus Fr., L. citriolens Pouz. and L. scrobiculatus Fr. (Subsect. Scrobiculati), although those are either very viscid and grow in non- Mediterranean habitats or have a bearded margin. According to the literature, L. intermedius (Kromb.) Cooke - still a controversial taxon - may also resemble our species. 185 KYTOVUORI (1984) does not include it in his revision of this Subsect. in NW-Europe and cites the original illustration by KROMBHOLZ (1843) under UL. scrobiculatus. Furthermore NEUHOFF (1956) synonymizes L. intermedius with L. cilicioides (=L. citriolens). On the other hand, BON (1980) and MARCHAND (1980) place L. intermedius near L. scrobiculatus and distinguish it from the latter by its pileus, which is ochraceous cream, dry or subviscid, with a finally glabrous and guttulate-scrobiculate margin, and an entirely scrobiculate stipe. These characters initially made us doubt the identity of our species. However, the above mentioned authors also state that the spores of L. intermedius are verrucose or crested, and that they are 6.5-10 x 6-7.5 um in size. Thus they are smaller and very different from those of L. mediterraneensis. Furthermore, KROMBHOLZ (1843) describes the pileus of Agaricus intermedius as viscous and ochraceous-yellow (luteo-ochraceo) and the stipe as yellowish and _ scrobiculate (luteolo, scrobiculis maculaeformibus). In addition, his illustration does not show any pileal scrobiculae, which are so particularly characteristic of our species. ; Recently KONG & ESTRADA (1994) described L. mexicanus (Subsect. Scrobiculati) from Mexico, which they consider to be closely related to L. scrobiculatus and L. intermedius, and which also resemble our species in certain features. However, the colour of L. mexicanus is more yellowish, scrobiculae appear only on the stipe and the spore print is cream-coloured, whereas L. mediterraneensis is basically ochraceous with a scrobiculate pileus and an ochraceous spore print. Microscopic differences are even more apparent: spores are smaller (7.9-9.8 x 6.6-7.9 um ) and cystidia broader (8-13 (-17) pm) and longer, projecting the hymenium by up to 45 (-65) pm, in L. mexicanus. Microscopically, L. mediterraneensis is characterized by its large spores (10-12 x 8-10 wm), only comparable to those of L acerrimus Britz. and L. echinosporus Z. Sch., although the former shows bisporous basidia and an unchanging latex and the latter has echinulate spores, as indicated by its name. In contrast, the spores of L. mediterraneensis are covered by a complete and dense reticulum and the basidia are always four-spored. Additional characteristics of our species are the innumerable, very narrow cystidia (3-7 um), that never exceed the basidia, and the cuticular structure with capitate hairs that are swollen at their septa. Yet, the most important microscopical feature distinguishing L. mediterraneensis is the 186 cylindrical and very long dermatocystidia, which turn dark in SBA. We do not know of their presence in any other species of the Subg. Piperites. We believe that L. mediterraneensis should be included in the Subg. Piperites, Sect. Piperites, Subsect. Croceini, because of its latex, which turns yellow within a few seconds and the filamentous cap margin, which quickly becomes glabrous. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are deeply indebted to J.L. Siquier, M.A. Lopez de Gregorio, A. Ramirez, J. Vila, M. Aguasca, J.M. Pérez, E. Descals for their help in collecting L. mediterraneensis. The English translation by E. Descals is greatfully acknowledged. We thank Z. Sodan from the Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, for providing information regarding L. intermedius in the early work of J. V. Krombholz. LITERATURE CITED BON, M. (1980).- Clé monographique du genre Lactarius. Documents Mycologiques, 10(40): 1-85. BON, M. (1983).- Notes sur la systématique du genre Lactarius. Documents Mycologiques, 13(50): 15-28. HESLER, R.L. & A.H. SMITH (1979).- North American species of Lactarius. University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 841 pp. KONG, A. & A. ESTRADA (1994).- A new species of Lactarius from Mexico. Mycotaxon, 52(2): 443-466. KROMBHOLZ, J.V. (1848).- Naturgetreue Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der essbaren Schwémme, 8: 11, tab. 58, figs. 11- 13. KYTOVUORI, I. (1984).- Lactarius Subsectio Scrobiculatini in NW Europe. Karstenia, 24: 41-72. MARCHAND, A. (1980).- Champignons du Nord et du Midi. Vol 6. Hachette, Perpignan, 291 pp. MOSER, M. (1980).- Guida alla determinazione dei funghi. Saturnia, Trento, 565 pp. NEUHOFF, W. (1956).- Die Milchlinge. J. Klinkhard, Bad Heilbrunn, 248 pp. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 187-194 January-March 1996 NOTES ON HYPHOMYCETES. LXIX. CONCERNING SPORIDESMIUM MACLURAE AND ITS SYNONYM CERCOSPORA MACLURAE, THE CAUSAL ORGANISM OF LEAF-BLOTCH OF OSAGE-ORANGE (MACLURA POMIFERA), RECLASSIFIED IN PSEUDOCERCOSPORA GARETH MORGAN-JONES and RYAN A. PHELPS Department of Plant Pathology, Collegeof Agriculture, Auburn University, Alabama 36849 ABSTRACT Sporidesmium maclurae Thiim., the causal organism of leaf-blotch of osage-orange, is redescribed and illustrated from its type material and from fresh collections made in Alabama, where it is of common occurrence. The fungus is reclassified in the genus Pseudocercospora Speg., as P. maclurae (Thiim.) Morgan-Jones & Phelps, being closely similar to its type species, P. vitis (Lév.) Speg. Comments are made on the heterogeneity of Pseudocercospora as presently constituted. Cercospora maclurae Ell. & Everh. is considered to be a synonym of P. maclurae. INTRODUCTION The anamorph fungus known as Sporidesmium maclurae, when first named and described by F.K.A.E.J. de Thtimen in his Mycotheca universalis, was given the following diagnosis: "S. acervulis hypophyllis, tenuissimis, laxe effusis, velutinis, olivaceis, sine macula et folia lamina saepe vix decolorans; sporis longissime angustato-clavulatis, vertice truncato-rotundatis, longe stipitatis, plerumque curvatis, sex-decemseptatis, ad septa non vel vix constrictis, olivaceo-fuscis, magno nucleatis, 24-36, plerumque 30 mm longis (sine pedicello), 6 mm. crassis, pedicello aequilongo, hyalino, subaequali.". The fungus had been collected on living leaves of Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. [= Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.] at Aiken, South Carolina in July 1876 by H.W. Ravenel. The taxon appeared as No. 2074, part of Century XXI [Nos. 2001-2100] of the exsiccati, issued in Vienna, Austria, in 1881, with the diagnosis published on the label. Diagnoses of new species issued in centuries I through XVIII of de Thiimen’s Mycotheca universalis, together with nomenclatural changes, were also published separately in a series of papers but the remaining five centuries, including XXI, do not appear to have been similarly treated (Stevenson, 1971). The binomial Sporidesmium maclurae was, nevertheless, validly published. According to Article 31 of the ICBN the requirement for publication of a diagnosis independently of specimens issued in 188 exsiccati in order to validate does not apply to names established prior to l January 1953. Names in exsiccati distributed before that date are validly published if they meet the printed matter requirements of Article 29 of the ICBN, which S. maclurae does. Duplicates of the type material of this fungus were, incidentally, issued in Roumeguere’s Fungi Selecti Gallici Exsiccati [Century XLVII, No. 4696, issued at Toulouse, France, in 1888]. Ellis and Everhart (1902) described a new species of Cercospora Fresen., based ona collection on living leaves of Maclura aurantiaca made by George Washington Carver in Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1901. It was named Cercospora maclurae Ell. & Everh. and given the following description: "Hypophyllous, forming irregularly shaped, olive-green patches 2-4 mm., diam., partly limited by the veinlets of the leaf but not on any definite spots; hyphae cespitose, short (8-10 X 5) continuous, nearly hyaline. Conidia obclavate, the lower broader part olive brown, 5-7-septate and slightly constricted at the septa, abruptly contracted above into a cylindrical, subhyaline beak which forms about half the length of the spore.". Chupp (1953), in his monograph of Cercospora, noted that C. maclurae, because of producing thick-walled, Alternaria-shaped conidia, was not considered to be a Cercospora but rather a Pseudocercospora. No reclassification was, however, made. Farr et. al. (1989) listed both Sporidesmium maclurae and Cercospora maclurae as occurring on Maclura pomifera, but it is evident that the two taxa are conspecific. Since S. maclurae is the oldest name it has date priority and C. maclurae is, therefore, a facultative synonym. Sporidesmium maclurae appears to occur commonly on living leaves of bow-wood or osage-orange [Maclura pomifera] in the southeastern United States (personal observations). Records exist of its occurrence in Missouri and Texas, as well as Alabama and South Carolina (Farr et. a/., 1989). A recent fresh collection made in Alabama, and examination of the type material of Sporidesmium maclurae, have allowed an opportunity to study the fungus and reconsider its classification. We are in agreement with Charles Chupp that it is not a Cercospora and that it would be more satisfactorily classified in Pseudocercospora. A new combination is therefore proposed herein and the species is redescribed and illustrated. It has not been possible to examine the type collection of Cercospora maclurae housed at The New York Botanical Garden since it was out on loan to another researcher at the time this study was conducted. We have no doubt, however, that this binomial was applied to the same fungus. COMMENTS ON PSEUDOCERCOSPORA When Deighton (1976, 1979) adopted the name Pseudocercospora for over two hundred species of Cercospora-complex anamorphs, an essentially broad generic concept was employed. It was conceded that considerable variation existed among the included taxa in habit and morphology, as well as in conidiophore growth peculiarities in relation to conidiogenesis. It was stated (Deighton, 1976) that it might be possible to subdivide the genus into smaller, more homogeneous taxonomic entities but the author remained unconvinced at the 189 Conidiophores and conidia. FIGURE 1. Pseudocercospora maclurae. 190 time of the practicality of that action. The genus has remained a large, heterogeneous agglomeration of taxa but more and more species continue to be added to it. In terms of conidial morphology, form of conidiogenous loci, and conidiogenous cell proliferation much variation exists and a reevaluation of Pseudocercospora is long overdue. In some species, including the type, conidia are obclavate, rostrate, thickish-walled and brown, whereas in others they are cylindrical, appreciably thinner-walled, and pale olivaceous in color. Conidia are produced either at the tips of conical denticles or at broad, flat, unthickened, non-protuberant conidiogenous loci, reminiscent of those of Mycocentrospora Deighton. Some species have well-developed stromata, others not. Conidiophore proliferation can be both percurrent and sympodial or only sympodial. Some taxa have the growth habit of Mycovellosiella Rangel, the majority do not. The problem here, as in many other genera belonging to this complex, is that although seemingly discrete groups of species can be recognized, there exist anomalous, unusual taxa that are intermediates and bridge some of the main differentiating features. Nevertheless, a break-up of Pseudocercospora into more meaningful, smaller entities seems desirable. Sutton et a/. (1987) and Sutton and Pascoe (1988) alluded to the need for generic reorganization but, like Deighton (loc. cit.), realized the difficulties faced in achieving a more satisfactory classification. TAXONOMIC PART Pseudocercospora maclurae (Thiim.) comb. nov. (Figures 1 and 2). = Sporidesmium maclurae Thimen, Mycotheca universalis No. 2074, anno 1881. = Cercospora maclurae Ellis & Everhart, J. Mycol. 8:72, 1902. Distinct, well-defined leaf spots absent. Chlorotic leaf discoloration amphigenous, localized and evident as irregular to more or less suborbicular, small, gregarious, pale yellowish-brown to beige-brown or cinnamon-brown blotches or patches, varying in size, spreading up to 5mm in diameter and often becoming diffuse and coalescing. Leaf blotches not always readily apparent, especially in young leaves where there is usually very little discoloration. Caespituli hypophyllous, often abundant, becoming visible with conidiation as blackish, extensive, occasionally dense, sooty-appearing patches on the abaxial PLATE 1. Pseudocercospora maclurae. A & B, abaxial surface of host leaf showing large numbers of conidia appearing as dark blotches [A, reduced 10%; B, X 3]; C-E, abaxial surface of host leaf shown in cross section; C, two stomata (indicated by arrows), one conspicuously obstructed by conidiophores with signs of a stroma [X 350]; D & E, fascicles of conidiophores, some bearing conidia, emerging from stomata [D, X 320; E, X 900]; F-J, mature conidia and sympodial conidiophores (arrow in I indicating regenerative percurrent proliferation) [X 1000]. OM 192 leaf surface. Myceliumimmersed, ramifying intercellularly between mesophyll parenchyma, accumulating in substomatal cavities to give rise to stromata, composed of smooth, branched, subhyaline to very pale olivaceous-brown, septate, 2-31m wide hyphae. Stroma substomatal, more or less subglobose, variously developed, up to 18m in diameter, composed of interwoven, slightly inflated hyphae. Conidiophores emerging through the stomata in facicles of up to five, or occasionally more, macronematous, mononematous, originating from stromatic cells, flexuous, simple, cylindrical, septate, pale brown, often somewhat geniculate, sympodial, 84-146[112] X 4.5-5ym, with thin conidial scars lying flat against the periclinal wall or sometimes barely visible on wide shoulders. Conidiophores sometimes showing percurrent regenerative proliferation, independent of conidiogenesis. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, monoblastic or polyblastic. Conidia produced holoblastically, acropleurogenous, solitary, dry, straight or, more often, slightly curved, obclavate, distinctively rostrate, attenuating to a narrow apex, conico- truncate at the base, mid brown with the basal and apical cells paler, smooth or, more frequently, rugulose, relatively thick-walled, 5 to 8-septate, 60-81 X 7- 8.5ym. On living leaves of Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. [Moraceae]; North America. Collections examined: on M. pomifera|[as M. aurantiaca], Aiken, South Carolina, July 1876, de Thimen, Mycotheca universalis No. 2074, BPI, type; on M. pomifera, Evergreen, Conecuh County, Alabama, August 17, 1985, A.R. Diamond, AUA; on M. pomifera, Dadeville, Tallapoosa County, Alabama, August 27, 1994, R.A. Phelps, AUA. DISCUSSION In conidium morphology, including shape, coloration and surface ornamentation, Pseudocercospora maclurae is very similar to the type species P. vitis. In any generic revision it would belong to Pseudocercospora sensu stricto. It differs in that the conidiogenous cells are not denticulate. The enteroblastic, repetitive, percurrent regenerative growth that is commonly seen in P. vitis conidiophores rarely occurs in P. maclurae and the stromata in the later are not as well developed. Pseudocercospora, even in a much narrower circumscription than presently accepted, would, in all probability, have to include species with conidiogenous loci varying in position from being situated terminally on long or short denticles or on distinctly visible or obscure shoulders on the conidiophore periclinal wall. There is much variation in this regard, even among taxa that have otherwise morphologically similar conidia and conidiophores. Likewise in the matter of enteroblastic regenerative percurrent growth, referred to as ‘pseudo-percurrent’ or ‘pseudo-annellate’ by Deighton (1976). In a species such as P. kenemensis Deighton, in common with P. maclurae, little, if any, percurrent growth occurs. The conidial scars in the former species lie flat against the lateral conidiogenous cell wall and arebarely discernible or form a 193 small shoulder or, when terminal, occur at the apex of a short peg. In P. correae Sutton & Pascoe, and perhaps some other species, percurrent as well as sympodial growth occurs in association with conidium development (Sutton et al., 1987). Similar fungi which produce a plurality of conidia exclusively by sequential percurrent growth were classified by Deighton (1983) in Stigmina Sacc., another genus that is now very heterogeneous. Quite clearly a continuum exists in the matter of conidiophore growth peculiarities in this complex, which considerably complicates the task of delineating homogeneous generic taxa. FIGURE 2. Vertical section through stomate of Maclura pomifera infected by Pseudocercospora maclurae; showing substomatal stroma and conidiophores. 194 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Dr. Amy Y. Rossman, U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI), for affording us the opportunity to examine the de Thumen exsiccatum. Dr. J. Leland Crane, Illinois Natural History Survey, provided a presubmission review of the manuscript for which we are grateful. LITERATURE CITED CHUPP, C. 1953. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York, 667 pp. DEIGHTON, F.C. 1976. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VI. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria Petr. Mycol. Pap. 140:1-168. DEIGHTON, F.C. 1979. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VII. New species and redispositions. Mycol. Pap. 144:1-56. DEIGHTON, F.C. 1983. Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. VIII. Further notes on Cercoseptoria and some new species and redispositions. Mycol. Pap. 151:1-13. ELLIS, J.B. and B.M. EVERHART. 1902. New Alabama fungi. J. Mycol. 8:62- SY FARR, D.F., G.F. BILLS, G.P. CHAMURIS and A.Y. ROSSMAN. 1989. Fungi on plants and plant products inthe United States. APS Press, St. Paul. STEVENSON, J.A. 1971. An account of Fungus exsiccati; containing material from the Americas. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 36. J. Cramer, Lehre. 563 pp. SUTTON, B.C. and I.G. PASCOE. 1988. Pseudocercospora correicola sp. nov., another leaf pathogen of Correa species from Australia. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1:87-94. SUTTON, B.C., I.G. PASCOE and I1.K. SHARMA. 1987. Pseudocercospora correae sp. nov., a leaf pathogen of Correa species from Australia. Aust. J. Bot. 35:227-234. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 195-200 January-March 1996 NOTES ON HYPHOMYCETES. LXX. A NEW SPECIES OF MELANOGRAPHIUM FROMINDIA, WITH COMMENTS ON THE GENUS NEERAJ SRIVASTAVA Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur 273009, India and GARETH MORGAN-JONES Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Alabama 36849 ABSTRACT A new species of Melanographium Saccardo, M. calami1 N. Srivastava, A.K. Srivastava & Kamal, collected in India on dead leaf sheaths of Calamus tenuis Roxb., is described and illustrated. The history of the genus and the nomenclature of its taxa are reviewed and a key to its species is provided. INTRODUCTION The generic name Melanographium was established by Saccardo (1913), with M. spleniosporum Sacc. as its type species. It remained monotypic for forty-five years until Hughes (1958) added a second taxon, Melanographium fasciculatum Hughes, a nomen novum for Monotospora fasciculata Sacc. The latter could not be employed for purposes of making a nomenclatural transfer because of it being a later homonym of Monotospora fasciculata Cooke & Massee, a name based on another fungus which is now classified in Melanographium and presently known as M. cookei M.B. Ellis. On the basis of date priority and presumed conspecificity, Hughes (loc. cit.) took up Cordella spinulosa Spegazzini as the valid binomial for the type species of Melanographium, making the recombination Melanographium spinulosum (Speg.) Hughes and listing both Monotospora fasciculata Cooke & Massee and Melanographium spleniosporum as _ facultative synonyms. Two other binomials, Pseudocamptoum citri Fragoso & Ciferri and Sporostachys maxima Sacc. [= Melanographium maximum (Sacc.) Sacc.], on which their respective generic names are based, were also listed (Hughes, loc. cit.) as facultative synonyms of M. spinulosum, as was Cordella tomentosa Speg., described two years after C. spinulosa (Spegazzini, 1888). Mason (1933) had earlier thought Cordella spinulosa to be anolder name for Pseudocamptoum citri. Type or 196 authentic material of neither M. spleniosporum nor P. citri had been examined by Hughes. Presumably, therefore, these were included in the nomenclator tentatively and provisionally. The name of the type species was changed, however, without study of the specimen on which the original binomial was based. The genus Sporostachys Sacc. had two original species, S. maxima and S. anceps Sacc. (Saccardo, 1917), both of which were subsequently transferred into Melanographium (Saccardo and Trotter, 1931). Following examination of the type material of the second species, Hughes (loc. cit.) determined that the name Sporostachys anceps [= Melanographium anceps (Sacc.) Sacc.] is a nomen confusum. Saccardo’s diagnosis of this taxon was apparently based on discordant elements. The binomial S. anceps was evidently applied to conidiophores of S. maxima and conidia of Chlamydomyces palmarum (Cooke) Mason, which were incorrectly assumed to belong tothe same fungus. Subramanian (1962) considered Cordella Speg. to be an earlier generic name for Melanographium and made the recombination Cordella fasciculata (Hughes) Subramanian. Melanographium spinulosum was described by this author under the name Cordella spinulosa (Subramanian, 1962; 1971). Of the two original species of Cordella, C. coniosporioides Speg. and C. spinulosa, Hughes (loc. cit.) chose the former as its lectotype. Subramanian (1962), however, chose C. spinulosa as lectotype, expressing the opinion that C. coniosporioides appears to be a species of Papularia Fr. Papularia is now considered to be a synonym of Arthrinium Kunze and Cordella is accepted as a free-standing genus, with C. coniosporioides as its lectotype (see Hughes, loc. cit.; Ellis, 1971). On account of the presence of setae Cordella is considered to differ sufficiently from Arthrinium to warrant separate identity. Subramanian (1962) made no mention of the presence of setae in his treatment of C. coniosporioides, although these were noted as ‘hyphis sterilibus’ in the original diagnosis of the species (Spegazzini, 1886). Subramanian’s taxonomy and lectotypification have not withstood the tests of time and scrutiny. Cordella comiosporioides and C. spinulosa are clearly not congeneric and classification of the latter in Melanographium seems satisfactory. Subramanian (1971) followed Hughes’ nomenclator and included Trichosporum selenioides Sacc. & Paoletti, as well as Monotospora fasciculata Cooke & Massee, Melanographium spleniosporum, Sporostachys maxima and Pseudocamptoum citri as synonyms of C. spinulosa. Melanographium thunbergiae Raghuveer was described from India (Rao, 1962) and compared with M. anceps. The fungus was reported to have small, ellipsoid to oval conidia, and was considered to be closer to M. anceps than other species of Melanographium on account of the latter having lenticular or reniform conidia. The comparison with M. anceps was clearly meaningless on two accounts. Firstly, because of the nomen confusum status of this name and, secondly, the fact that M. thunbergiae conidia are not even remotely similar to those of Chlamydomyces palmarum (on which, as mentioned above, the name M. anceps is partly based). Melanographium thunbergiae was reported to have denticulate conidiophores, a characteristic, together with the morphology of its 197 conidia, whichis at variance with the generic concept. A reevaluation of the appropriateness of the classification of this taxon in Melanographium is desirable. Ellis (1963) published a comprehensive treatment of Melanographium, except that M. thunbergiae was not mentioned. Significant revisions to its classification were made. Melanographium spinulosum and several other taxa listed as synonyms by Hughes (loc. cit.) were shown to be different entities from Melanographium spleniosporum, the original type species. Trichosporum selenioides, however, was determined to be the oldest binomial applied to the fungus on which the genus is _ based. Accordingly the recombination Melanographium selenioides (Sacc. & Paol.) M.B. Ellis was made and is the currently accepted name, with M. spleniosporum as its synonym. Sporostachys maxima is an additional facultative synonym of M. selenioides. Melanographium spinulosum, the binomial adopted by Hughes (loc. cit.) for the type species, was found to be based on a different but congeneric fungus; likewise, Monotospora fasciculata Cooke & Massee. Since a transfer of the latter into Melanographium would create a later homonym of M. fasciculatum Hughes, the nomen novum Melanographium cookei M.B. Ellis was established for this species (Ellis, loc. cit.). Pseudocamptoum citri was also found to be different and the transfer Melanographium citri (Frag. & Cif.) M.B. Ellis accordingly made, thus bringing the total number of species in the genus up to five. Melanographium trachycarpi Hino & Katumoto, described the previous year [J. Jap. Bot. 37:298, 1962] is a later name for M. citri (Ellis, loc. cit.). Saikia and Sarbhoy (1981) added a novel species, collected in Assam, India, Melanographium indicum Saikia & Sarbhoy. An additional species from India is described herein. TAXONOMIC PART Melanographium calami N. Srivastava, A.K. Srivastavaet Kamal (Figure 1). Coloniae effusae, velutinae, atro-brunneae. Mycelium immersum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, laevis, crassi-tunicatis, pallide-brunneis vel brunneis, 2-4.5um latis compositum. Stromata partim immersa vel superficiale, pseudoparenchymatica, ex cellulis brunneis vel atro-brunneis composita, usque ad 80um lata X 60um alta [30-80 X 35-60um]. Conidiophora ex cellulis superis stromatum oriunda, macronemata, mononemata, caespitosa, patula, simplicia, leniter flexuosa, laevia, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, apicem versus pallidiora, usque ad 6-septata, 100-300,m longa, ad basim 5-7um lata, apicem versus 5-8ym lata. Cellulae conidiogenae terminales, in conidiophoris incorporatae, integratae, polyblasticae, indeterminatae, sympodiales, cylindricae, cicatricatae; cicatrices conidiales non incrassatae, inconspicuae. Conidia acrogena, solitaria, sicca, continua, laevia, parietibus crassis, graviter curvata, plus minusve hippocrepiformia, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, rare fissura longitudinali hyalina ornata, 16-25um diametro, ad centrum 10-13,m lata. 198 In vaginis foliis mortuis Calami tenuis, Barhani, Siddhartha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, March 1992, N. Srivastava, HCIO 30653, holotypus; GPU Herb. No. AK 1644, isotypus. Colonies effuse, velvety, dark blackish-brown. Mycelium immersed, composed of branched, septate, smooth, thick-walled, pale brown to brown, 2- 4.5um wide hyphae. Stromata distinct, partly immersed to erumpent and more or less superficial, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of mostly isodiametric, brown to dark-brown cells, up to 801m wide X 60um high [30-80 X 35-60ym]. Conidiophores originating from the upper, outer cells of the stromata in loose or somewhat dense 80-300m wide fascicles, macronematous, mononematous, caespitose, spreading, usually gently flexuous or straight, simple, erect to procumbent, smooth, brown to dark brown, somewhat paler toward the apex, up to 6-septate, 100-300,m long, 5-7um wide at the base, 5-8m wide toward the apex. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, polyblastic, indeterminate, sympodial, cylindrical, bearing a number of unthickened, inconspicuous conidial scars. Conidia acrogenous, formed holoblastically at the apex of each conidiophore and from successively produced conidiogenous loci, solitary, dry, unicellular, smooth, thick-walled, very strongly curved giving a more or less horse-shoe aspect, brown to dark brown, rarely with a hyaline longitudinal slit, 16-25,m in diameter, 10-13m wide at the broadest central part. On deadleaf sheaths of Calamus tenuis Roxb. (Arecaceae); India. Collection examined: on C. tenuis, Barhani, Siddhartha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, March 1992, N. Srivastava, HCIO 30653, holotype; GPU Herb. No. AK 1644, isotype. Melanographium calami is easily distinguishable from the other species of the genus described to date on the basis of the distinct morphology of its conidia. These somewhat resemble those of M. indicum but are much more strongly curved. Conidia of Melanographium vary from oval to limoniform to obclavate to reniform and are either straight or to various degrees curved. ; KEY TO SPECIES OF MELANOGRAPHIUM Conidiophores‘arranged\in synnematari nes tees eee ete eee 1 Conidiophores caespitose, indense or loose fascicles .............0... 2 le Conidials=-23umslong hreniformemn ta pee ee. canoe ve selenioides Conidia4-6um' long; ‘ellipsoid to oval 3)... on ee thunbergiae 2:eConidia horseshoesshaped \, 4.5. ube seen cece. Scawen any: 5 eee eet calami Conidiaoval- to neniformiminieate sc eet har nn) ae rae gen ee ene 3 32. Conidia MOFe Or leSSiStraig hia suse se fen OG ee ae ’ Oya ; ‘ ri a As ut i) ree Th TLL ey r cia tae ii sola ae at ar j awa al kw POY ae wy B) OL Wea u Ri . er ee Ah ani ah IR RMP lh whi me oe Paitin f tid ; Die Nh; TREND ae te (Aig Fag’ ; nay Abe ih tl ahah Mo wh ny) sy Sy nH, es tie ie - ! Hit ! Gatien yey a Sha Ae i i ai rus i Bi) A ang As a ie ye ee Ae bee i ; ries Woon) ve yi a i ia bi vide fi “ it Ne : an i a ; hae Are Hy, aay ns) Le ») vl eit ae : Me i y aR Pian siege ae | i . waa Ok Wane i ry Ly x tir ey oie ; Sea bea yee iia ‘ hese reno . ae f iv) ty ban hy . at Nana xi | ce uy Ce PEL, ta yerie een ie aid maar g nae yeas tat hhh i Mobi iN | i. Ue PArue yt y , “i a i 4 f j ; aA ‘ ’ i f 14 Vee Cad Yoghane MYCOTAZXON Volume LVII, pp. 227-232 January-March 1996 COUMARINS DISTRIBUTION IN FOUR TRUFFLE SPECIES*. BRUNO TIRILLINI - ANNA MARIA STOPPINI Institute of Botany, University of Urbino, Bramante, 28, (61029) Urbino (Italy) ABSTRACT Scopoletin, angelicin and bergaptene were found in the Tuber aestivum Vitt., T. borchii Vitt., and T. melanosporum Vitt. ascomata. No coumarins were found in 7. magnatum Pico. The coumarin pattern shown by the ascomata of these four Tuber spp. would be a chemiotaxonomic marker for differentiated 7. magnatum to T. borchii an aestivum to T. melanosporum. . Key words: truffle, ascoma, coumarins Studies on the genetic variability of geographic populations of Tuber spp. have demonstrated that 7. magnatum Pico and T. melanosporum Vitt. are each homogeneous genetic populations, whereas 7. borchii Vitt. (2 genetically different clones) and 7. aestivum Vitt. (12 genetically different clones) are heterogeneous (Lanfranco et al. 1993; Bullini et al. 1994). Little is known about the secondary products of Tuber spp., and no investigations have been reported on coumarins. These compounds are natural products present in numerous plants (Murray et al. 1982). The coumarins are found on the fruit and seed surfaces, in the internal tissues, as well as inside the fruit and the embryo (Cappelletti et al. 1984; Innocenti et al.1984). The presence of coumarins on the external surface could be related to their protective role against bacteria and fungi (Fowlks et al. 1958; Towers 1987), while the internal localization may be explained by their germination-inhibiting action (Baskin et al. 1967; Friedman et al. 1982), which could also be important in the auto-inhibition of germination. Coumarins were also found in different tissues of the leaf and the stem with small concentrations in the epidermis, and greater concentrations in the parenchyma cells (Zobel & Brown 1988). The aim of the present research was to investigate the coumarin content in 7. aestivum Vitt., T. borchii Vitt., T. magnatum Pico and T. melanosporum Vitt. ascomata. These are the most important edible and commercial species of the genus Tuber. 228 METHODS Fungus material Ascomata of the four Tuber spp. (24 ascomata of each) Tuber aestivum Vitt., T. borchii Vitt., T. magnatum Pico and T. melanosporum Vitt. were collected in Italy during different months, in 1992, 1993 and 1994; and were identified on the basis of ascoma morphology and spore shape (Costantin & Dufour 1926; Chevalier et al. 1988; Granetti et al. 1988). Photographic documentation (Tuber aestivum Vitt.: TAE 30, 7. borchii Vitt.: TBO 30, T. magnatum Pico: TMA 30 and T. melanosporum Vitt.: TME 30 ) has been filed at the Botany Institute Herbarium of the University of Urbino. Extraction and isolation of coumarins. Fresh ascomata were extracted in a Soxlet extractor with methanol in a 1/25 w/v ratio. The vacuum-concentrated extracts was chromatographed on preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) Si gel (1.0 mm layer thickness). The TLC was developed in two steps: in the first step, the eluent was toluene: diethyl ether and acetic acid (50: 45 and 5) and the second step, the eluent was chloroform and methanol (80 and 20). The coumarins isolated on Si gel layer were removed and these compounds were extracted with methanol. The prepurified methanol extract was chromatographed in a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) apparatus (column: C18 spherisorb (0.8 x 30 cm) - detection set at 310 nm - eluent: isocratic for 20 min (water: methanol 68: 32) and then linear gradient (100% methanol in 30 min). The compounds eluted from HPLC were subjected to electron impact mass spectroscopy (EIMS) (70 eV) in a QMD 1000 quadrupole mass spectrometer (Fisons - Carlo Erba Instruments) equipped with a direct insertion probe and operating at 200°C. The qualitative and quantitative determinations of the coumarins were carried out by direct comparison with authentic samples. Statistical analyses The data matrices were analyzed by cluster analysis; these data analyses were then converted to Mahalanobis distances and clustered using simple linkage procedures. This statistical analysis is particularly useful when a group discrimination must be made between very similar values. The degree of separation of a centroid to the total fused centroid is evaluated by means of the ratio between the distance at which this centroid was formed (di) and the distance at which the centroid contained all of the values (da) (Steiner 1974; Jouden 1975; Sadocchi 1981; Wilkinson 1989) . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ascomata of T. aestivum contained 0.8 - 2.3 g/g dry weight 229 Table 1 - Coumarin content in Tuber spp. (mean value) Tuber spp. scopoletin angelicin bergaptene g/g dry weight g/g dry weight g/g dry weight T. aestivum TAE1 1.8 34.3 W123 TAE2 0.9 45.3 17.4 TAE3 2.3 83.8 18.4 TAE4 0.9 58.6 16.5 TAES5 1.2 TALS 9.4 TAE6 0.8 58.1 10.3 TAE7 1.2 43.9 8.6 TAE8 1.0 57.6 14.3 T. borchii TB1 0.0 12.8 3.0 TB2 0.0 14.3 10.4 TB3 0.0 Ti2i3 a5 TB4 1.4 10.8 6.4 TB5 0.0 9.2 5.0 TB6 0.0 8.5 4.1 TB7 0.0 9.4 She) TB8 0.0 9.8 7.4 T. melanosporum TME1 0.0 0.0 10.8 TME2 0.8 1.3 21.4 TMES3 0.0 0.0 13.4 TME4 0.0 0.0 15.7 TMES5 0.0 0.0 18.1 TME6 0.0 0.0 15.4 TME7 0.0 0.0 20.3 TME8 0.0 0.0 18.4 scopoletin, 34.3 - 83.8 g/g dry weight angelicin and 8.6 - 18.4 g/g dry weight bergaptene (Tab.1). The ascomata of 7. borchii contained 8.5 - 14.3 g/g dry weight angelicin, and 3.0 - 10.4 g/g dry weight bergaptene, and only one contained scopoletin (1.4 g/g dry weight) (Tab. 1). The ascomata of 7. melanosporum contained 10.8 - 21.4 g/g dry weight bergaptene and only one ascoma contained scopoletin (0.8 g/g dry weight) and angelicin (1.3 g/g dry weight) (Tab. 1). The ascomata of 7. magnatum did not contain any coumarins. 230 The angelicin and bergaptene contents in the ascomata of 7. aestivum, T. borchii and T. melanosporum were subjected to cluster analysis. The 24 concentration values of angelicin were divided into 8 groups, each made up of the 3 most similar values and the mean for each groups was determined. The same was done for the 24 concentration values of bergaptene. The 24 concentration mean values for the 2 coumarins were the input data matrix. The results of clustering this series of data allowed eight groups to be distinguished at a 0.14 di/da ratio (ratio that gathers all the in the range x+o values (x is the arithmetical mean and o the population standard deviation for angelicin or bergaptene coumarin concentration values in each Tuber spp.)) (Fig.1). TMES TuES TMES TMES TME2 ' TMET TAE 1 TAE7 TAE 6 TAE 4 Figure 1. Dendrogram showing relationships among Tuber borchii, T. melanosporum and T. aestivum. The TME values divided into two groups; one group was made up of TME1 and TME3, while the other was composed of TM2, TM4, TMS, TM6, TM7, and TMB, the first group is more similar to the TB group than to the other TME groups. The TB values divided into two groups: one formed by seven 231 values and the other had only one value. The TAE values divided into four groups; these were formed by five, one, one and one value each. The absence of coumarins in 7. magnatum ascomata could be related to the genetic homogeneity of this population. The statistical division of the T. borchii ascoma population into 2 groups is in accordance with the two genetic clones distinguished in the population. The division of the T. melanosporum ascoma population into two group is in contrast with the genetic homogeneity of this population. The high genetic heterogeneity found in the 7. aestivum population (12 clones) is only partially confirmed by their coumarin pattern (4 groups). The coumarin pattern shown by the ascomata of these four Tuber spp. could be a chemiotaxonomic marker to differentiate 7. magnatum from the other three Tuber spp.. This is important with respect to T. borchii that is morphologically similar to the 7. magnatum. A good distinction can also be made between 7. aestivum and T. melanosporum_ which are also morphologically similar. Regarding the homogeneity of each species, if we refer to the genetic criteria, there is agreement between 7. magnatum and T. borchii; whereas in T. melanosporum the cluster analysis shows more groups than there are genetic clones. At present it is not known if there is a correlation between the cluster groups and the genetic clones namely if the TB2 cluster group corresponds to one of the two genetic clones of 7. borchii and the other TB cluster group to the other genetic clones. In order to clarify this, the secondary metabolites of each genetic group should be studied. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | extend special thanks to Dr. J. Boise for her suggestions and to Profs. B. Granetti and J. trappe for reviewing the manuscript. BIBLIOGRAPHY BASKIN, J.M., LUDLOW, C.J., HARRIS, T.M. and F. T. WOLF. 1967. Psoralen, an inhibitor in the seeds of Psoralea subacaulis (Leguminosae). Phytochem. 6: 1209-1213. BULLINI, L., BIOCCA, E., CHEVALIER, G., DUPRE', C., FERRARA, A.M PALENZONA, M., SALICANDRO, P. and S. URBANELLI. 1994. Struttura clonale di alcune specie del genere Tuber. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 128: 51. CAPPELLETTI, E.M., INNOCENTI, G. and G. CAPORALE. 1984. Furo- coumarins localization in the fruit and seed of Psoralea coryfolia. Plant. Med. Phytother. 18:181-190. CHEVALIER, G., RIOUSSET, G. and C. DUPRE'. 1988.Taxonomie des truffes europiennes. In Atti del secondo congresso internazionale sul tartufo. Spoleto 24-27 Novembre, pp. 37-44. COSTANTIN, M.J. and M.L. DUFOUR. 1926. WNuovelle Flore des Champignons. Librairie Generale de I'Enseignement, Paris. FOWLKS, W.L., GRIFFITH, D.G. and E.L. OGINSKY. 1958. Photosen- 232 sitization of bacteria by furanocoumarins and_ related compounds. Nature 181: 571-572. FRIEDMAN, J., RUSHKIN, E. and G.R. WALLER. 1982. Highly potent germination inhibitors in aqueous eluate of fruits of his hop's weed (Amni majus_ L.) and avoidance of autoinhibition. J. Chem. Ecol. 8: 55-65. GRANETTI, B., MINCIGRUCCI, G. and E. BRICCHI. 1988. Analisi biometrica e morfologica delle ascospore di alcune specie del genereTuber. In Atti del secondo congresso internazionale sul Tartufo. Spoleto 24-27 Novembre pp. 59-100. INNOCENTI, G., CAPPELLETTI, E.M. and G. CAPORALE. 1984. Morpho- logical and chemical characteristic of some Australian Psoralea species. Inter. J. Crude Drug Res. 22: 97-109. JOUDEN, W.J. 1975. Statistical techniques for collaborative tests, A.O.A.C. Ed., Arlington. pp. 21-26. LANFRANCO, L., WYSS, P., MARZACHI, C. and P. BONFANTE. 1993. DNA probes for identification of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber magnatum Pico FEMS Microbiology Letters 114: 245-252. MURRAY, R.D.H., MENDEZ, J. and S.A. BROWN (Eds). 1982. The natural coumarins: occurrence, chemistry and biochemistry. J Wiley and Sons. TOWERS, G.H.N. 1987. Fungicidal activity of maturally occurring photosensitizers.American Chemical Society Symposium. Series 339: 231- 240. SADOCCHI, S.1981. Manuale di analisi statistica multivariata, Franco Angeli Ed., Milano (Italy) pp. 204-236. STEINER, E.H. 1974. Planning and analysis of results of collaborative tests, A.O.A.C. ED., Arlington pp.72-82. WILKINSON, L. 1989. Systat: the system for statistics, Systa |Inc.Evanston, lil. ZOBEL, A.M. and S.A. BROWN. 1988. Furanocoumarins on plant surfaces. in: Proceedings XIV International Conference of Group Polyphenols. Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. p. 65. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 233-321 January-March 1996 CERCOSPOROID FUNGI FROM SOUTH AFRICA P.W. CROUS Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa U. BRAUN Martin-Luther-Universitdat, FB. Biologie, Institut fiir Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany ABSTRACT All known records of South African cercosporoid fungi are listed. A total of 159 species are included, of which four are newly described, 11 proposed as new combinations in Cercostigmina, Passalora, Pseudocercospora, and Stigmina, and eight are new records. New species include Stigmina cocculi on Cocculus hirsutus, S. knoxdaviesii on Sclerocarya caffra, Pseudocercospora doidgei on Trema guineensis, and P. fici- sycamorusii on Ficus sycamorus. Species treated that do not occur in South Africa are Stenella psychotriae comb. nov. from Psychotria sp. in Brazil, Pseudocercospora paraguayensis comb. nov. from Eucalyptus sp. in Paraguay, and Pseudocercospora rogersoniana sp. nov. from Phlox longifolia i Utah, USA. 234 HOST INDEX Acacia Camptomeris verruculosa (Syd.) Bessey Acalypha Pseudocercospora transvaalensis (Syd.) Deighton Ageratum Mycovellosiella perfoliati (Ellis & Everh.) Muntafiola Ajuga 132 148 108 Ramularia ajugae (Niessl.) Sacc. 2 Allamanda Pseudocercospora byliana (H. Syd.) Yen Amaranthus Cercospora brachiata Ellis & Everh. Annona Stigmina oblecta (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun Pseudocercospora scitula (H. Syd.) Deighton Apium Cercospora apii Fresen. Ramularia heraclei (Oudem.) Sacc. Pseudocercosporella pastinacae (P. Karst.) U. Braun Arachis Cercospora arachidicola Hori Passalora personata (Berk. & Curt.) Shakil A. Khan & M. Kamal 18 15 97 107 110 Argyrolobium Pseudocercospora argyrolobii (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton Asparagus Cercospora asparagi Sacc. Asterina on Jlex (hyperparasite) Hriocercospora balladynae (Hansf.) Deighton Bauhinia Pseudocercospora bauhiniae (H. & P. Syd.) Deighton Berkheya Mycovellosiella berkheyae (Syd.) U. Braun & Crous Mycovellosiella berkheyae- maritimae Crous & U. Braun Beta Cercospora beticola Sacc. Bidens Cercospora bidentis Tharp Brachiaria | Phaeoramularia fusimaculans (G.F. Atk.) Liu & Guo Brassica Cercospora brassicola P. Henn. Pseudocercosporella capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton Carya Cercospora caryae Chupp & Doidge Sirosporium diffusum (Heald & Wolf) Deighton = 6 9 10 11 12 13 58 17 21 25 44 Cassia Phaeoramularia occidentalis (Cooke) Deighton Cassinopsis Cercospora cassinopsidis G. Winter Celastrus Stigmina celastri (Kalchbr.) M.B. Ellis Ceratotheca Cercospora sesami Zimm. Chenopodium Passalora dubia (Riess) Braun Cichorium Cercospora cichorii Davis Cissampelos Pseudocercospora pareirae (Speg.) Crous & U. Braun Cissus Pseudocercospora riachueli (Speg.) Deighton Clerodendrum Pseudocercospora clerodendri (Miyake) Deighton Clutia Pseudocercospora clutiicola Crous & U. Braun Cocculus Stigmina cocculi Crous & U. Braun Coffea Cercospora coffeicola Berkeley & Cooke Commelyna Cercospora commelynae Kalchbr. & Cooke 93 26 27 144 51 28 105 132 31 32 33 34 35 235 Corchorus Cercospora corchori Sawada Crotalaria Cercospora demetrioniana G. Winter 42 Curtisea Pseudocercospora curtisiae (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun Cymbopogon Cercospora sorghi Ellis & Everh. 145 Cynanchum Pseudocercospora punctiformis Goh & W.H. Hsieh Cyperus Cercospora caricis Oudem. 22 Dactylis Passalora graminis (Fuckel) Hohn. 61 Daucus Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko 23 Dichondra Mycovellosiella dichondrae Crous & U. Braun 43 Dioscorea Distocercospora africana Crous & U. Braun 1 Diospyros Pseudocercospora diospyri- lycioides Crous & U. Braun 45 Dissotis Pseudocercospora dissotidis (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun SM) 39 127 47 236 Dolichos Cercospora canescens Ellis & Martin Dombeya Mycovellosiella dombeyae Crous & U. Braun Dovyalis Pseudocercospora dovyalidis (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton Echium Cercospora echii G. Winter Eichhornia Cercospora piaropi Tharp Ekebergia Cercosporella ekebergiae Syd. Emex Cercospora tripolitana Sacc. & Trotter Erica Stigmina caffra (Wakefield) M.B. Ellis Eucalyptus Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum Crous, M.J. Wingf., Marasas & B. Sutton Stigmina robbenensis Crous, C.L. Lennox & B. Sutton Eugenia Pseudocercospora punctata (Wakefield) B. Sutton Ficus Passalora bolleana (Thuem.) U. Braun Pseudocercospora fici- Flemingia Pseudocercospora melaena 20 (Syd.) Deighton Fragaria Ramularia grevilleana (Tul. & C. 49 Tul.) Joerst. Glycine Cercospora kikuchii T. 50 Matsumoto & Tomoyasu Gomphrena 52 Cercospora pretoriensis Chupp & Doidge 113 Gossypium Cercospora gossypina Cooke 54 Ramulariopsis gossypii (Speg.) U. Braun Grewia 149 Ramularia grewiae-occidentalis Crous & U. Braun Haemanthus 19 Cercospora haemanthi Kalchbr. Hakea Cercostigmina protearum var. 92 63 ib 60 64 66 hakeae U. Braun & Crous 121a 55 Halleria Pseudocercospora halleriae 137 (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton Helianthus Cercospora helianthi Ellis & 126 Everh. Hibiscus Cercospora malayensis Stev. & 14 Solh. Hypoestes sycamorusii Crous & U. Braun 56 Cercosporella hypoestis Hansf. 67 69 89 74 Ipomoea Pseudocercospora timorensis (Cooke) Deighton Jussiaea Pseudocercospora jussiaeae (G.F. Atk.) Deighton Kalanchoe Cercospora pseudokalanchoes Crous & U. Braun Kiggelaria Pseudocercospora kiggelariae (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun Lactuca Cercospora longissima (Cugini in Herb.) Sacc. Lantana Pseudocercospora formosana (Yamamoto) Deighton Mycovellosiella lantaniphila 147 76 123 78 36 =i/ Crous, U. Braun & M.J. Morris 82 Leonotis Cercospora leonotidis Cooke Leucadendron Cercostigmina protearum vat. leucadendri (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous Leucospermum Cercostigmina protearum (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous var. 121b protearum Limonium Cercospora insulana Sacc. Lupinus 84 121c the Cercospora lupinicola Lieneman 87 Maesa — Stenella maesae Crous & U. Braun 88 Manihot Passalora henningsii (Allesch.) Castafieda & U. Braun Maytenus Phaeoisariopsis melanochaeta (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton Medicago Cladophialophora kellermanianum (Marasas & Bredell) U. Braun & U. Feiler Cercospora medicaginis Ellis & Everh. Momordica Cercospora citrullina Cooke Musa Pseudocercospora musae (Zimm.) Deighton Myrtus Pseudocercospora myrticola (Speg.) Deighton Nicotiana Cercospora nicotianae Ellis & Everh. Olinia Pseudocercospora oliniae (Verwoerd & Dippenaar) Crous & U. Braun Oryza Cercospora oryzae Miyake Pachycarpus Passalora pachycarpi (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun Pastinaca Passalora pastinacae (Sacc.) U. Braun 23H 70 93 27 91 30 94 95 96 99 101 102 106 238 Persea Pretrea Pseudocercospora purpurea Cercospora sesami Zimm. 144 (Cooke)Deighton 128 Primula Petunia Ramularia primulae Thum. 119 Cercospora petuniae (Saito) Printzia Muller & Chupp 111 Mycovellosiella laxa (Kalchbr. & Phaseolus Cooke) Deighton 83 Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Priva : Ferr. 65 Mycovellosiella delicatissima Pseudocercospora cruenta (Kalchbr. & Cooke) U. Braun 41 (Sacc.) Deighton 38 Protea Phlox Batcheloromyces proteae Passalora omphacodes (Ellis & Marasas, van Wyk & Knox- Holway) Crous & U. Braun 100 Davies 120 Phoenix Prunus Stigmina palmivora (Sacc.) Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Hughes 104 Ellis 24 Physalis Passalora circumscissa (Sacc.) U. Cercospora physalidis Ellis 112 Braun 29 Pinus Passalora rubro-tincta (Ellis & Pseudocercospora pini- Everh.) U. Braun 140 densiflorae (Hori & Nambu) Pseudarthria Deighton 114 Pseudocercospora pseudarthriae Pistia (Petch) Deighton 122 Cercospora pistiae Nag, Raj, Psychotria Govindu & Thirumalachar 115 Pseudocercospora psychotriicola Plantago (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Cercospora plantaginis Sacc. 116 Braun 124 Polygonum Raphanus Passalora avicularis (G. Winter) Pseudocercosporella capsellae Crous & Morris 9) (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton 21 Pseudocercospora persicariae Cercospora cruciferarum Ellis & (Yamam.) Deighton 109 Everh. 36 Pouzolzia Rauvolfia Pseudocercospora pouzolziae Cercostigmina liebenbergii (Syd.) Guo & Liu 117 (Syd). Crous & U. Braun 85 239 Reseda Sclerocarya Cercospora resedae Fuckel 129 Stigmina knoxdaviesii Crous & Rheum U. Braun 80 Cercospora rhapontici Tehon & Scolopia Daniels 130 Paracercospora scblopiae Crous Rhododendron & U. Braun 143 Pseudocercospora handelii Smilax (Bubak) Deighton 68 Pseudocercospora pallidissima Rhoicissus (Chupp) Deighton 103 Pseudocercospora rhoicissi (Syd. Solanum & P. Syd.) Deighton 131 Mycovellosiella brachycarpa (H. Rhus Syd.) Deighton 16 Stigmina curvispora Crous & U. Paracercospora egenula (Syd.) Braun 40 Deighton 53 Stigmina pulviniformis (Syd.) Statice Hughes 125 Cercospora insulana Sacc. th Stigmina rhois Crous & U. Braun 133 Stizolobium Richardia Pseudocercospora stizolobii (H. Ramularia richardiae Kalchbr. 134 &P. Syd.) Deighton 146 Ricinus Syzygium Cercospora ricinella Sacc. & Pseudocercospora marasasii Berl. 136 Crous & M.J. Wingf. 90 Rosa Trema Passalora rosicola (Pass.) U. Pseudocercospora doidgei Crous Braun 138 & U. Braun 48 Rubus Triticum Cercospora heteromalla Syd. 73 Ramulispora herpotrichoides Pseudocercospora rubi (Sacc.) (Fron) von Arx 794 Deighton 139 Cladophialophora Rumex kellermanianum (Marasas & Ramularia rumicis Kalchbr. & Bredell) U. Braun & U. Feiler 77 Cooke 141 Verbena Saccharum Passalora verbeniphila (Speg.) Mycovellosiella koepkei (Kriiger) Crous & U. Braun 151 Deighton 81 Vigna Mycovellosiella vaginae (Kruger) Pseudocercospora cruenta Deighton 150 (Sacc.) Deighton 38 240 Viola Cercospora granuliformis Ellis & Holway Cercospora violae Sacc. Vitis Phaeoramularia dissiliensis (Duby) Deighton Pseudocercospora vitis (Lév.) Speg. Withania Pseudocercospora withaniae (H. & P. Syd.) Deighton Zantedeschia Cercospora richardiicola G.F. Atk. Zea Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels Zinnia Cercospora zinniae Ellis & Martin Ramularia zinniae Crous & U. Braun Zizyphus Pseudocercospora zizyphi (Petch) Crous & U. Braun GENERA TREATED Batcheloromyces Camptomeris Cercospora Cercosporella Cercostigmina Cladophialophora Distocercospora Eriocercospora ob Bn RD a tle wn tess Bek ee 62 153 46 154 155 135 156 157 158 159 2p Mycovellosiella 10. Paracercospora 11. Passalora 12 Phaeoisariopsis 13: Phaeoramularia 14. Pseudocercospora 15. | Pseudocercosporella 16. Ramularia 17. Ramulariopsis 18. Ramulispora 19. Sirosporium 20. Stenella 21. Stigmina SYNOPTIC KEY TO GENERA TREATED Habits saprobic (isolated from seeds, straw, etc.) 6 hyperparasitic 8 phytoparasitic 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Mycelium internal 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, Pe 1se 14316 soe external 8 internal and external 1, 4, 6, 9, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 Texture: smooth 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Lets 19 321 roughened 1, 5, 19, 20, 21 Colour: hyaline 4, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17718 pigmented 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21 Conidia Hila (scars): thickened 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20 thickened at rim 10 unthickened 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 18721 Shape: acicular 3, 13, 14, 18 obclavate 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, L124 515519 20821 oblong, cylindrical, subcylindrical to vermiform 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 105111; 12351314, 15; 18; 19, 20 short, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, subglobose 1, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 Wall: smooth 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20;21 roughened 1, 2,5, 7, 9, 12, 13 14, 16, 19, 20, 21 Septation: (0-)1(-4)-septate 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, THOT 7820 > 241 pluri-septate 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, LORIE QMS ota a1 S-61 8: 19, 20, 21 Type of septa: distoseptate 1, 2, 7, 21 euseptate 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Longitudinal and oblique septa present 19, 21 absent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, TOMEI 22 13 S148 55516, 17, 18, 20 Colour: hyaline 3, 4, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 pigmented 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21 Conidial mass: slimy 18 dry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, LIBI2 SS TA a TS ho wli7: 19, 20, 21 Lateral branches or secondary conidia common 18 absent to rare 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9,10, 1. 12, 13314, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 Catenulation (conidial chains): present 1, 6, 9, 13, 16, 17, 20 absent 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18; 19720024 242 Conidiogenous cells Proliferation: absent (monoblastic, determinate) 6, 15 sympodial 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,:12, 13, 14; 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 sympodial and percurrent 14 percurrent 1, 5, 21 Scars: conspicuously thickened and darkened 2, 3, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20 almost unthickened or slightly thickened, but darkened 7, 8, Ot 213 conspicuously thickened but not darkened 4 thickened along the rim 10 unthickened 1, 5, 6, 14, 15, 18, 21 Annellations: dense, integrated 5, 14 irregular, verrucose 1, 21 absent 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, (BEN PATIBE By Ne A RS 19, 20 Location: integrated, terminal, intercalary and lateral 17 integrated terminal 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,677, 85,9210. 11.312. 13: 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 Conidiophores Colour hyaline 4, 15, 16, 17, 18 pigmented 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, OST. UF VIZ 273 AA 9 920: 21 Arrangement: solitary on superficial hyphae 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20 fasciculate 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 sporodochial (large stromata, immersed to erumpent- superficial, with numerous short, dense conidiophores) 5, 14, 15, 21 fasciculate on superficial, inflated vesicles 2 synnematous 12 conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae, emerging through stomata, radiating, forming, sporodochium-like plates 1 243 DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO GENERA TREATED 1. Conidiophores colourless 2 1. Conidiophores pigmented 8 2. Conidial scars conspicuous, thickened and/or darkened, refractive 3 2. Conidial scars inconspicuous, neither thickened, nor darkened; conidia scolecosporous 7 3. Conidia catenate 4 3. Conidia solitary 6 4. Conidial scars wide, thickened, not darkened, at most somewhat refractive; conidia broadly obclavate-subcylindric, septate, usually formed singly, occasionally in short secondary chains (formed after conidial secession) | Cercosporella 4. Conidial scars thickened and darkened, usually minute; conidia always catenate, often in branched chains, shape variable, but not obclavate 5 5. Conidiophores fasciculate, erect, frequently branched from the base upwards; conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal and intercalary, lateral, small protuberances or branchlets Ramulariopsis 5. Conidiophores simple, rarely branched; conidiogenous cells only terminal; mycelium internal, sometimes also external Ramularia 6.(3) Conidia scolecosporous, acicular, subcylindric, obclavate, oblong, multiseptate; conidial scars wide, thickened, refractive, not darkened; mycelium internal, rarely external with solitary conidiophores Cercosporella 6. Conidia non-scolecosporous, subglobose, ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical, short, 0-1(-2)-septate; conidial scars thickened and darkened Ramularia 7.(2) Parasitic on cereals and grasses (Poaceae), causing, various symptoms; conidiophores short, narrow, simple, filiform; conidial scars inconspicuous; conidia long, narrow, simple or with lateral branches (known teleomorphs in Tapesia) Ramulispora 7. Parasitic on dicotyledonous hosts, mostly causing leaf spots (known teleomorphs in Mycosphaerella) Pseudocercosporella 244 8.(1) Saprobic, isolated from seeds, straw etc.; conidiophores short, geniculate to subdenticulate; conidial scars unthickened, not darkened; conidia catenate, ellipsoid-ovoid to subcylindrical, mostly 0-1-septate Cladophialophora 8. Phytopathogenic, usually causing leaf spots 9 9. Conidiomata synnematous 10 9. Conidiophores solitary to fasciculate or conidiomata 11 10. Conidia more or less obclavate (-subcylindrical), smooth or almost so, only transversely septate; conidial scars conspicuously darkened, slightly or hardly thickened Phaeoisariopsis 10. Conidia scolecosporous; conidiophores in subsynnematous fascicles; conidial scars inconspicuous, unthickened Pseudocercospora 11.(9) Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, determinate to percurrent, annellate; conidial scars neither thickened nor darkened 12 11. Conidiogenous cells mono- to polyblastic, sympodial; conidial scars conspicuous, thickened, darkened, refractive or inconspicuous, neither thickened or darkened, but conidiogenous cells mainly sympodial or denticulate, rarely percurrent 12. Stroma substomatal; hyphae superficial, above stomata, radiating, forming, sporodochium-like plates; conidiophores arising, from the radiating hyphae, solitary, aggregated, especially near stomata; conidia adhering in fragile chains, 0-1-septate, mostly non-septate Batcheloromyces 12. Mycelium and conidiomata different, and/or conidia scolecosporous, and/or conidia solitary 13 13. Conidiophores and conidia thin-walled; conidia smooth to roughened, annellations fine, often not conspicuous; conidia scolecosporous, acicular-subcylindrical, narrowly obclavate, transversely multiseptate (known teleomorphs in Mycosphaerella) Cercostigmina 13. Conidiophores and conidia often thick-walled and verruculose; annellations conspicuous, often irregular; conidia with transverse, oblique and longitudinal septa, shape variable, non-scolecosporous or scolecosporous 14 Stigmina 14.(11) Conidial scars conspicuous, thickened, darkened and refractive 15 14. Conidial scars inconspicuous, unthickened, neither darkened nor refractive; conidia scolecosporous; mycelium internal, or internal and external Pseudocercospora 245 15. Conidiomata sporodochial, pulvinate, punctiform; stromata present, with a single or several swollen, erumpent cells which give rise to two or more curved conidiophores, not or hardly geniculate; conidia ellipsoid-subcylindrical to obclavate, distoseptate Camptomeris 15. Conidiophores arising from hyphae or stromata, but not two or more from vesicle-like cells; conidia euseptate (rarely distoseptate, but in this case conidiomata quite distinct) 16 16. Mycelium internal and external (secondary), creeping or ascending leaf hairs 17 16. Mycelium only internal, superficial hyphae absent 20 17. Hyperparasitic, conidiogenous cells not conspicuously sympodial, non-geniculate; conidial scars lying more or less flat against the side of the conidiophore; conidia formed singly, scolecosporous, multiseptate Eriocercospora 17. Non-hyperparasitic, phytopathogenic, usually causing leaf spots 18 18. Superficial hyphae characteristically verruculose; conidial scars minute, slightly thickened and darkened; conidia variable, solitary to catenate, continuous to multiseptate, usually verruculose Stenella 18. Superficial hyphae smooth (light microscopy) 19 19. Conidia scolecosporous, solitary, with transverse and some oblique and longitudinal septa, fairly thick-walled, often with constrictions at septa Sirosporium 19, Conidia variable, solitary to catenate, scolecosporous to non- scolecosporous, only with transverse septa, thin-walled Mycovellosiella 20.(16) Conidia catenate Phaeoramularia 20. Conidia solitary 21 21. Conidial scars conspicuous, hardly thickened, thickening, confined to a narrow rim around the scar, only the thickened rim somewhat darkened, otherwise colourless; conidia scolecosporous Paracercospora 21. Conidial scars slightly to conspicuously thickened, but darkened throughout 22 22. Conidiophores simple to branched; conidial scars somewhat thickened and darkened; conidia scolecosporous, distoseptate Distocercospora 22. Conidia euseptate, rarely distosepta present 23 246 23. Conidiophores pigmented; conidial scars conspicuously thickened and darkened; conidia scolecosporous, acicular- subcylindrical (-filiform), hyaline or subhyaline (with a faint greenish tinge), multiseptate | Cercospora 23. Conidia non-scolecosporous, with few septa (usually 0-3), almost colourless to brown, or conidia scolecosporous, more or less obclavate-fusiform, multiseptate, pigmented, and/or conidial scars almost unthickened, somewhat darkened Passalora INTRODUCTION Numerous cercosporoid fungi are associated with leaf spot diseases of plants worldwide. Because many of these fungi are host specific, several species have been found to be beneficial as potential biocontrol agents of weeds and other exotic plants (Morris, 1989; Morris & Crous, 1994). However, in South Africa, many of these fungi are also commonly associated with severe diseases of economically important crops such as cereals, vegetables, grasses, ornamentals and trees (Gorter, 1977, 1982). Chupp & Doidge (1948) recorded and described several cercosporoid fungi from South Africa. These records were also incorporated into Chupp's monograph of the genus Cercospora (Chupp, 1954), which laid the foundation for a better circumscription of groups within Cercospora. Subsequent publications by Deighton (1967, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1987), Ellis (1971, 1976), Pons & Sutton (1988) and Braun (1988a, 1988b, 1989, 1990, 1993a, 1993b, 1994) defined numerous segregate genera in this complex. This has made it necessary to revise all South African records of these fungi lodged at the National Collection of Fungi, Pretoria (PREM). The present study forms the third contribution in a series aimed at revising local records of these fungi (Crous & Braun, 1994, 1995). As most of these fungi are still known locally under names generally accepted as synonyms elsewhere, all such synonyms are listed for each species according to the various works cited above, or based upon examination of type specimens 247 in the present study. To facilitate further study, collection details (PREM), of all local and overseas specimens of species occurring in South Africa are also given. The total number of known taxa listed in this study is fairly small compared with the extremely rich South African flora, which is especially rich in endemic genera and species (Amold & De Wet, 1993). It can therefore be surmised that numerous cercosporoid species are yet to be recorded and described from South Africa. SPECIES CONSIDERED 1. africana Distocercospora Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 208 (1994). Specimens: Cape Province, Kentani, Dioscorea sp. (Dioscoreaceae), A. Pegler, 26 Apr. 1917, PREM 10125 (holotype); Natal, Gorge Walk, Royal Natal National Park, Dioscorea sylvatica, A.P. Baxter, May 1988, PREM 51112 (paratype). 2. ajugae Ramularia (Niessl.) Sacc., Fungi Ital. tab. 1009 (1881). Fusidium ajugae Niessl., in Fuckel, Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk. 15: 35 (1861). Cylindrospora ajugae (Niessl.) Schroet., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schles., 3. Bd., Pilze, 2. Halfte, p. 491, Breslau (1897). Ramularia ajugae var. ajugae-pyramidalis Sacc., Syll. Fung. 22: 1325 (1913). Ramularia tozziae Lindau, in Rabenh., Krypt.-Fl. Deutschland, Oesterreich, Schweiz, 8. Abt., Fungi imperfecti: Hyphomycetes (erste Halfte) p. 501, Leipzig (1906). Specimen: Transvaal, Heidelberg, Springs, Ajuga sp. (Lamiaceae), D. Garroway, 14 Feb. 1907, PREM 245. Foreign specimens: Rabenh.-G. Winter, Fungi Europaei, Ajuga reptans, R. Staritz, Aug. 1884, PREM 3725; Herb. Thiim., PREM 5014, 5018; Flora dei Eark, A. reptans, P. Vogel, 25 Sept. 1914, PREM 18530; Herb. Ludwig, A. reptans, 17 Aug. 1913, PREM 18529; Mycotheca Veneta, A. reptans, Sept. 1876, PREM 6018; Syd., Mycotheca Germanica, A. reptans, 23 Jul. 1923, PREM 20219; Syd., Mycotheca Germanica, A. reptans, 19 Aug. 1929, PREM 26553; Hollos, Hungarian Fungi, A. laxmanni, PREM 23957. 248 3. apii Cercospora Fresen., Beitr. Mycol. 3: 91 (1863) s. str. Foreign specimens: Saccardo, Mycotheca Veneta 1053, C. apii, Apium graveolens (Apiaceae), C. Spegazzini, Oct. 1876, PREM 6023; Tanzania: Nduruma jum, nr. Arucha, on Apium graveolens, 23 Jun. 1927, GB. Wallace 1164, IMI 8546, PREM 43790. Pons & Sutton (1988) stated that C. apii is not restricted to genera of the Umbelliferae. They concluded that the species is very variable, and that the length of the conidiophores and conidia can be strongly influenced by changes in the relative humidity, temperature and light conditions. Furthermore, they also doubted the holomorph was Mycosphaerella papuana Sivan., as this has not been proved culturally, but only by close association. However, as no experimental proof of the polyphagous nature of C. apii has yet been presented, and several Other studies have found that cercosporoid fungi, although morphologically similar, are highly host specific, we are of the opinion that it would be best to treat C. apii as occurrmg on Apium only. Chupp (1954) listed several varieties of C. apii, which he considered to be separate species in their own right. These have been treated elsewhere, as Cercospora carotae (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko, and Passalora pastinacae (Sacc.) U. Braun. Cercospora apii was first recorded from South Africa by Chupp & Doidge (1948), who cited specimen PREM 2099. In an examination of this specimen lesions were found to be colonized by species of Ramularia Unger, and Pseudocercosporella Deighton. However, Gorter (1977) reports C. apii to occur rather commonly on Apium graveolens in Natal, South Africa. 4. arachidicola Cercospora Honi, Nishigahara Agri. Expt. Sta. Tokyo Ann. Rep. p. 26 (1917). Cercospora arachidis var. macrospora Maffei, Riv. Pat. Veget. 12: 7 (1922). | Holomorph: Mycosphaerella arachidis Deighton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 50: 328 (1967). Mycosphaerella arachidicola Jenkins, J. Aric. Res. 56: 324 (1938) (homonym). This species was reported by Gorter (1977) in Natal, but no voucher specimen was lodged at PREM. 249 5. argyrolobii Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 139 (1976). Cercospora argyrolobii Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 881 (1948). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, near falls at Nelspruit, Argyrolobium wilmsii (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26075 (holotype). 6. asparagi Cercospora Sacc., Michelia 1: 88-89 (1877). Foreign specimen: Saccardo, Mycotheca Veneta 1052, Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae), Sept. 1875, PREM 6022. Gorter (1977) recorded this species from the Transvaal, but did not deposit voucher material. 7. avicularis Passalora (G. Winter) Crous, U. Braun & Morris, S. Afr. J. Bot 60: 329 (1994). Cercospora avicularis G. Winter, J. Mycol. 1: 125 (1885), also Hedwigia 24: 202 (1885). Pseudocercospora avicularis (G. Winter) Khan & Shamsi, Bangladesh J. Bot. 12: 108 (1983). Specimen: Eastern Cape, Hankey, Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae), M.J. Morris, 8 Nov. 1990, PREM 51712. 8. balladynae Eriocercospora (Hansf.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 118: 6 (1969). Helminthosporium balladynae Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 157: 39 (1945). Cercospora schiffnerulae Hansf., Mycol. Pap. 15: 216 (1946). Cercospora balladynae Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 158: 50 (1947). Specimen: Cape Province, George, hyperparasite on Asterina hendersonii Doidge, on //ex mitis (Aquifoliaceae), Nov. 1940, PREM 32471. 9. bauhiniae Pseudocercospora (Syd. & P. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 140 (1976). Cercospora bauhiniae Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 202 (1914). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella piliostigmatis T. Kobayashi & de Guzman, Bull. Forest. Forest Prod. Res. Inst. 351: 157 (1988). Specimens: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Bauhinia galpini (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26057; Transvaal, Tzaneen, B. galpini, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jun. 1939, PREM 32734; _ Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit district, B. galpini, L.C.C. Liebenberg, 13 Jul. 1936, PREM 32879; Transvaal, Schagen, B. galpini, A. Tompson, 14 Apr. 1978, PREM 45427. 250 Foreign specimens: Flora of the Philippines, Herbarium, Bureau of Science, Province of Rizal, Luzon, B. malabarica, M. Ramos, Dec. 1915, No. 23960, PREM 13558; Philippines, Mt. Maquiling, near Los Bafios, Prov. Laguna, B. malabarica, C.F. Baker, Dec. 1913, PREM 9330 (isotype). 10. berkheyae Mycovellosiella (Syd.) U. Braun & Crous, Mycol. Res. 99: 32 (1995). Cladosporium berkheyae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 267 (1914). Fulvia berkheyae (Syd.) M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 315, Kew (1976). Specimen: Natal, Cramond, Berkheya sp. (Asteraceae), J.B. Pole Evans, PREM 6852, ex Herb. Syd. at S (holotype). 11. berkheyae-maritimae Mycovellosiella Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 32 (1995). Specimen: Natal, Donnybrook, Nxumeni Forestry Station, Berkheya maritima (Asteraceae), R.Y. Anelich, May 1988, PREM 51127 (holotype). 12. beticola Cercospora Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 8: 189 (1876). Cercospora betae Frank, Krankh. d. Pflanz. p. 601 (1880). Fusarium betae Sacc., Michelia 2: 132 (1880). Cercospora flagelliformis E. & H., N. Jer. Ann. Rept. 1890: 355 (1891). 7 Cercospora anthelmintica G.F. Atk., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 8: 49 (1892). Cercospora spinaciae Oudem., Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. III, 2: 324 (1900). Cercospora chenopodiicola Bres., Hedwigia 39: 328 (1900). Cercosporina spinacicola Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. N.S. 22: 73 (1915). | Fusisporium betae Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 ser. 19: 434 (1843). Pionnotes betae Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 726 (1886). Cercospora longissima Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 17: 65 (1889). Specimens: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae), L. Verwoerd, Dec. 1924, PREM 46171; Stellenbosch, B. vulgaris, Dec. 1927, PREM 34281; Transvaal, Marionhill, B. vulgaris, V.A. Wager, PREM 34582; Cape Province, Port Elizabeth, Newton Park, Frames Drift, B. vulgaris, J. Fitzgerald Barron, 9 Feb. 1943, PREM 33883. Foreign specimens: Ellis & LEverh., Fungi Colombiani, B. vulgaris, Newfield, N.J., Aug. 1893, PREM 49946; Australia, Durras North, NSW, Chenopodium glaucum L., J. Walker, 11 Jan. 1979, DAR 34148, PREM 48806 (occurring in association with Physoderma pulposum Wallr.). Day 13. bidentis Cercospora Tharp, Mycologia 9: 108 (1917). Cercospora bidentis Marchal & Steyaert, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 61: 167 (1929). Specimen: Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Ukulinga, Bidens pilosa, (Asteraceae), P.S. Knox-Davies, 17 May 1955, PREM 41441. Although C. bidentis is not known to occur on Senecio, Wager (1972) recorded it from this host. 14. bolleana Passalora (Thuem.) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 54: in press (1995). Cercospora bolleana (Thuem.) Speg., Michelia 1: 475 (1879). Septosporium bolleanum de Thuemen, Oestrr. Bot. Zeitschr. 27: 12 1877). jailer sycina Sacc., Mycotheca Veneta, 1564 (1881). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella bolleana Higgins, Amer. J. Bot. 7: 443 (1920). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Ficus carica (Moraceae), C.B. Eastwood, 14 Jan. 1906, PREM 103 (specimen depauperate); Transvaal, Potgietersrust, F. carica, M. de Villiers, Jan. 1941, PREM 32491. Foreign specimens: Sacc., Mycotheca Veneta 1564, as Cercospora sycina Sacc., F. carica, Sept. 1878, PREM 6534; Briosi & Cavara 85, Orto Botanico di Pavia, F. carica, Autumn 1889, PREM 7917. 15. brachiata Cercospora Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 4: 5 (1888). Cercospora amaranti Lobik, Bolezni Rast. (Morbi Plantarum) 17: 193 (1928). Specimen: Natal, Cramond, Amaranthus hybridus (Amaranthaceae), S. R. McLennan, 1 May 1990, PREM 51699. 16. brachycarpa Mycovellosiella (H. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 137: 8 (1974). Cercospora brachycarpa Syd., Ann. Mycol. 28: 207 (1930). Cercospora jaguarensis Chupp & Muller, Bol. Soc. venez. Cienc. nat. 8: 48 (1942). Cladosporium solanicola Viégas, Bragantia 6: 368 (1946) Mycovellosiella solanicola (Viégas) Muntafiola, Lilloa 30: 178-190 (1960). Specimens: Natal, Donnybrook, Solanum auriculatum (Solanaceae), 5 Sept. 1937, IMI 317760, PREM 29831; Natal, Pietermaritzburg, S. auriculatum, J.B. Pole Evans, 7 Apr. 1911, PREM 1391; Natal, Pietermaritzburg, S. auriculatum, E.M. Doidge, 26 Jun. 1911, PREM 1623. 252 Foreign specimens: Fungos do Brasil, S. auriculatum, A.C. Batista, 20 Feb. 1961, PREM 43626; Fungos do Brasil, S. auriculatum, A.C. Batista, 13 Oct. 1959, PREM 43533; Petrak, Mycotheca Generalis, S. lycopersicum, Aug. 1942, PREM 38622; England, Sussex, Lycopersicum sp., P.H.B. Talbot, 4 Aug. 1947, PREM 36504; Briosi & Cavara, S. lycopersicum, 1898, PREM 8138. 17. brassicola Cercospora P. Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 166 (1906). Cercospora bloxami (Berk. & Br.) emend Young, Mycologia 8: 43 (1916). Cercospora brassicae-campestris Rangel, Arch. Mus. Nacion., Rio de Janeiro 18: 163 (1917). Foreign specimen: Fungi Malayana, Philippines, Mt. Maquiling, near Los Bafios, Laguna Province, Brassica chinensis (Brassicaceae), C.F. Baker, Jan. 1914, PREM 9332. Although this species was reported by Gorter (1977), its identity and occurrence has not been confirmed, and there are no local specimens lodged at PREM. 18. byliana Pseudocercospora (H. Syd.) Yen, in Yen & Lim, Gardens’ Bull., Singapore 33: 170 (1980). Cercospora byliana H. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22: 433 (1924). Specimen: Transvaal, Tzaneen, Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae), P.A. van der Bijl, Jul. 1924, PREM 34277 (holotype). This specimen was collected by Prof. Paul van der Byl, and named in his honour by Sydow. Paul van der Bil was also the first head of Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology at the University of Stellenbosch in 1921, which was the first Department of Plant Pathology in the Union of South Africa. 19. caffra Stigmina (Wakefield) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 42- 43 (1959). Pucciniopsis caffra Wakefield, Kew Bull., p. 205 (1931). Specimens: Cape Province, Van Stadens's Pass, Erica caffra (Ericaceae), E.M. Doidge, 13 Nov. 1917, No 10865, PREM 38042 (holotype); Cape Province, Grahamstown, Howieson's Poort, EF. caffra, E.M. Doidge, Nov. 1917, No. 10964, PREM 38043. The illustration given by Ellis (1976) of this species suggests that it might be better accommodated in Cercostigmina. However, an Zoe examination of the syntype (PREM 10865) showed the conidiogenous cells to vary from verrucose to finely verruculose, and the annellations to be irregular, unlike those illustrated by Ellis (1976). This species is therefore best retained in Stigmina. 20. canescens Cercospora Ellis & Martin, Am. Nat. 16: 1003 (1882). Cercospora vignicaulis Tehon, Mycologia 29: 436 (1937). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Dolichos sp. (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26070. Foreign specimens: Africa, Tanganyika, Moshi, Phaseolus lunatus, Mat. 1943, IMI 4146, PREM 43791; Ellis & Everh., Fungi Colombiani, Newfield, N.J., Phaseolus sp., Sept. 1894, PREM 49947; Rabenh.-G. Winter, Fungi Europaei 3788, Phaseolus sp., C.H. Demetrio, Aug. 1885, PREM 4128. The combination Cercosporiopsis canescens (Ellis & Martin) Miura cannot be accepted because the genus Cercosporiopsis is illegitimate. 21. capsellae Pseudocercosporella (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 133: 42 (1973). Cylindrosporium capsellae Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 130 (1887). Cercoseptoria capsellae (Ellis & Everh.) Greene, Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Art. Lett. 47: 127 (1959). Cylindrosporium brassicae Faut. & Roum., Revue Mycol. 13: 61 (1891). Cercosporella brassicae (Faut. & Roum.) Hohn., Ann. Mycol. 22: 193 (1924). Cercospora brassicae (Faut. & Roum.) Chupp in Weiss et al., Agric. Handbook U.S. Dep. Agric 165: 99 (1960), comb. inval. Ovularia brassicae Bres., in Allescher. Bet. bot. Ver. Landshut 12: 94 (1892). Cercospora (Cercosporella) albomaculans Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 1894: 378 (1894). Cercosporella albomaculans (Ellis & Everh.) Sacc., Sy/l. Fung. 11: 606 (1895). Ramularia rapae Pim, J. Bot. Lond. 35: 58 (1897). Cercosporella brassicae Jaap, Fungi sel. exsic. p. 846 (1916), nom. nud. Cercosporella raphanistri Baudys & Picbauer, Acta Soc. Sci. nat. moravosiles. 1: 305 (1924). Cylindrosporium nesliae Bubak, Ann. Mycol. 14: 346 (1916). Cercosporella nesliana Baud. & Pic., Acta Soc. Sci. nat. moravosiles. 1: 306 (1924). Ramularia chorisiae Lobik, Bolez. rast. 17: 190 (1928). 254 Cercosporella nesliana Dearness & Bisby in Bisby, Butler & Dearness, The Fungi of Manitoba, p. 125 (1929). Cercosporella isatidis Melnik, Nov. sist. niz. rast. 8: 201 (1971). Cercosporella conringiae Annalijev, Nov. Sist. niz. Rast. 9: 195 (1972). Cercosporella goldbachiae Annalijev, Nov. Sist. niz. Rast. 9: 196 (1972). Cercosporella litvinoviae Annalijev, Nov. Sist. niz. Rast. 9: 200 (1972). Cercosporella malcolmiae Annalijev, Nov. Sist. niz. Rast. 9: 202 (1972). Cercosporella cardariae Vasjagina, in Shvarcman et al., Fl. spor. rast. Kazakhstana, Tom 8, p. 488, Alma-Ata 1973. Ramularia camelinae Ossipjan, Mikofl. Arm. SSR 3, Gifalnye Griby (Moniliales), p. 559, Erevan 1975. Cercosporella crambes Annalijev, Nov. sist. niz. rast. 18: 57 (1981). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella capsellae A.J. Inman & A. Sivanesan, Mycol. Res. 95: 1339 (1991). Specimens: Transvaal, Johannesburg, Bedford farm, Brassica campestris (Brassicaceae), 22 Mar. 1910, PREM 777; Natal, Underberg, B. rapa, V.A. Wager, 6 Apr. 1943, PREM 34108; Natal, Humeville, B. rapa, V.A. Wager, 20 May 1944, PREM 34109; Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg Farm, Raphanus raphanistrum L., M.J. Morris, 2 Jul. 1992, PREM 51709; Western Cape, McGregor, R. raphanistrum, M.J. Morris, 28 Jul. 1992, PREM 51710; Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Banhoek, R. raphanistrum, M.J. Morris, 15 Oct. 1981, PREM 51711. Foreign specimen: Petrak, Mycotheca Generalis, B. sativa, J. Lind., Oct. 1916, PREM 23247. 22. caricis Cercospora Oudem., Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. IT, 6: 59 (1892). Cercospora caricina Ellis & Dearness, Proc. Can. Inst. n.s. Part 3, 1: 91 (1897). Cercospora microstigma Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 10: 1912. Cercospora caricis Dearness & House, N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 188: 29 (1916). Specimens: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg Research Farm, Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), M. Morris, 6 Feb. 1992, PREM 50954; Natal, Cyperus esculentus, M. van Schoor, 6 Feb. 1992, PREM 50953 (depauperate); Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg Research Farm, C. rotundus, M. van Schoor, 6 Feb. 1992, PREM 5095S. Zoo Conidiophores of PREM 50954 are olivaceous, up to 40 um long, 4-6 um wide, reduced to conidiogenous cells, and occur in dense tufts, with up to 15 per fascicle. Conidiogenous cells are olivaceous brown, straight, rarely geniculate, cylindrical, seldomly sympodial, mostly only having one apical locus that is thickened, darkened and refractive. Conidia are hyaline, cylindrical, 60-80 x 3-3.5 um, 3-4-septate, cylindrical-acicular, with a rounded apex, truncate base, and thickened, refractive hila. Pollack (1987) reports several Cercospora species from Cyperus. Of these, Cercospora cyperi Sawada, C. cyperi- rotundri Thirum. & Gov., and C. cyperi-fusci Sandu-Ville have long, acicular conidia which are apically pointed. The fungus on PREM 50954 fits the description of C. caricis, which has more cylindrical conidia with obtuse apices. Further studies including pathogenicity tests on Carex and Cyperus are required if this issue 1s to be resolved. 23. carotae Cercospora (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko, Zb/. Bakt. 2, 778: 115 (1929). Cercospora apii var. carotae Pass., Atti. Real. Accad. Lincei, Roma. ser. 4, 6: 469 (1889). Specimen: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Daucus carota (Apiaceae), B.J. Dippenaar, 11 Feb. 1941, PREM 46983. Foreign specimens: Australia, N.S.W., Coleambally, Riverina distr., D. carota var. sativa, L. Cunial, 14 Oct. 1966, PREM 45236; Petrak, Mycotheca Generalis, D. carota, Oct. 1943, PREM 38641. Ellis (1976) uses the combination C. carotae (Pass.) Kazn. & Siemaszko (1929), and not C. carotae (Pass.) Solheim (1929) as used by Chupp (1954), suggesting that Kazn. & Siemaszko published their combination a few months prior to that of Solheim. 24. carpophila Stigmina (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 56 oy nie carpophilum Lév., Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 2, 19: 215 pried Aus carpophilum (Lév.) Aderhold, Landw. Jb. 30: 815 piso carpophilum (Lév.) Jauch, Jnt. Bul. PI. Prot. 14: 99 yah rhabdiferum Berk., Gdner’s Chron., p. 938 (1864). 256 Helminthosporium rhabdiferum (Berk.) Berk. apud Berk. & Broome, Ann. & Mag. nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 15: 403 (1865). Sporidesmium amygdalearum Pass., Boll. Co. agr. Parma, p. 1875 (1875). Clasterosporium amygdalearum (Pass.) Sacc., Michelia 2: 557 (1882). Passalora brunaudii Sacc., Michelia 1: 537 (1879). Napicladium brunaudii Sacc., Michelia 1: 537 (1879). Coryneum beyerinckii Oudem., Hedwigia 22: 115 (1883). Septosporium cerasorum Thiim., Ost. Wbl. 1884: 259 (1884). Helminthosporium cerasorum (Thiim.) Berl. & Vogl. apud Sacc., Syll,. Fung. Addit., p. 382 (1886). Stigmina briosiana Farn., Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 2, 7: 23 (1902). Doidge (1950) reported Clasterosporium carpophilum (Lév.) Aderhold on Prunus armeniaca, but no reference specimen could be located at PREM. 25. caryae Cercospora Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 882 (1948). Specimens: Transvaal, Alkmaar, Alkmaar Estates, Carya pecan (Juglandaceae), Apr. 1930, PREM 25441 (holotype); Transvaal, Nelspruit, P.O. Plaston, C. pecan, V.A. Wager, 3 Jun. 1935, PREM 28264. The hyaline, acicular conidia with thickened, refractive hila, and olivaceous brown conidiophores with darkened, thickened, refractive conidial scars confirm this to be a true Cercospora species. 26. cassinopsidis Cercospora G. Winter, Hedwigia 24: 34 (1885). Specimen: Cape Province, Somerset-East, Cassinopsis capensis (Icacinaceae), MacOwan. Chupp (1954) could not trace the type specimen. In the present study, no material could either be located at PREM, B or S. The original description mentions pale yellowish conidia, and non- fasciculate conidiophores, suggesting that this is not a Cercospora species. 27. celastri Stigmina (Kalchbr.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 47 (1959). Exosporium celastri Kalchbr. apud Kalchbr. & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 24 (1880). el Specimens: Cape Province, Celastrus buxifolius (Celastraceae), MacOwen 1396, PREM 75318 (holotype); Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forest Station, Maytenus heterophylla, R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51110, S25: 28. cichorii Cercospora Davis, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Art. Lett. 19: 715 (1919). Cercospora cichorii-intybi Woronichin, Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR 21: 233 (1927). Specimens: Cape Province, Alexandria, Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae), J.C. Erasmus, Jun. 1941, PREM 33203; Cape Province, Alexandria, C. intybus, J.C. Erasmus, 28 Feb. 1941, PREM 32809. Annotations on the herbarium specimens at PREM suggest that Saccardo proposed a new combination Cercosporina cichorii (Dav.) Sacc. However, Cercosporina was never accepted as distinct from Cercospora. 29. circumscissa Passalora (Sacc.) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 54: in press (1995). Cercospora circumscissa Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Italy 8: 189 (1876). Cercospora cerasella Sacc., Michelia 1: 266 (1879). Cercospora cerasella var. avium Roum., Rev. Mycol. 18: 71 (1896). Cercospora padi var. mahaleb Unam., Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. nat. Madrid 35: 435 (1935). Cercospora padi Bubak & Serebriankov, Hedwigia 52: 271 (1912). Cercospora pruni-persicae Sawada, Spec. Publ. 8, Coll. Agric. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 11: 215 1959, nom. nud. Holomorph: Mycosphaerella cerasella Adethold, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 18: 246 (1900). Specimens: Cape Province, Kingwilliamstown, Prunus avium (Rosaceae), J. Dreyer, Feb. 1911, PREM 1187. Foreign specimens: Ellis & Everh., Fungi Colombiani, Newfield, N.J., Prunus serotina, PREM 49949; Petrak, Mycotheca Generalis, P. spinosa, Aug. 1928, PREM 37625; Rabenh.-G. Winter-Pazschke, Fungi Europaei 4091, P. serotina, C.H. Demetrio, PREM 4431. 30. citrullina Cercospora Cooke, Grevillea 12: 31 (1883). Cercospora cucurbitae Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 4: 3 (1883). Cercospora sechii Stevenson, P. Rico, Ins. Exp. Sta. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rept. 1917-1918: 137 (1919). Cercospora trichosanthis McRae, Ann. Crypt. Exotique 2: 270 (1929). 258 Cercospora momordicae McRae, Ann. Crypt. Exotique 2: 267 (1929). Cercospora luffae Hara, Diseases of cultivated plants, p. 228 (19287). Cercospora chardoniana Chupp, Monographs, Univ. P. Rico, B. 2: 245 (1934). Cercospora momordicae Mendoza, Philipp. J. Sci. 75: 173 (1941). Cercospora momordicae Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. 86: 173 (1943). Specimen: Cape Province, Kentani, Momordica cordifolia (Cucurbitaceae), A. Pegler, 11 May 1918, PREM 11679. 31. clerodendri Pseudocercospora (Miyake) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 141 (1976). Cercospora clerodendri Miyake, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 53 (1913). Cercospora clerodendricola Sawada, Spec. Publ. 8, Coll. Agric. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 11: 215 (1959) nom. nud. Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, near Nelspruit falls, Clerodendrum myricoides (Verbenaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26012. Although Chupp & Doidge (1948) comment on their uncertainty regarding PREM 26012, this specimen is a_ true Pseudocercospora, closely fitting the description later given by Chupp (1954). 32. clutiicola Pseudocercospora Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 214 (1994). Specimen: Northern Transvaal, Zoutpansberg, Pisanghoek, Clutia cf. affinis (Euphorbiaceae), M. Bosman, 1929, PREM 32896 (holotype). Chupp (1954) incorrectly lists the host genus as “C/luytia” (Amold & De Wet, 1993). 33. cocculi Stigmina Crous & U. Braun sp. nov. Fig. 1. Maculae amphigenae, atro-brunneae, angulares, per venas limitatae, 1-4 mm latae. Mycelium immersum: hyphae laeviae, brunneae. Stromata 20-180 x 10-40 um. Conidiomata (= sporodochia) hypophylla, densa, effusa, brunnea, 50-200 x 40-80 um. Conidiophora numerosa, dense fasciculata, brunnea, verruculosa, cylindrica vel ampulliformia, recta vel 1-geniculata, 1-4-septata, 25-80 x 4-8 um. Cellulae conidiogenae imtegratae, terminaliae, brunneae, verruculosae, cylindricae, rectae vel geniculatae-smuosae, ad apicem leniter attenuatae, rotundatae, percurrentes, 10-30 x 5-6 um. Conidia solitaria, pallide brunnea, verruculosa, guttulata, 0-5-septata, 17-70 x 5-7 um, obclavata, 259 recta vel curvata, ad apicem rotundata, basi in hilum attenuata, subtruncata, non incrassata. Leaf spots amphigenous, dark brown, angular, confined by leaf veins, 1-4 mm diam. Mycelium internal, composed of smooth, brown hyphae, forming stromata, 20-180 um wide, 10-40 um high. Conidiomata hypophyllous, dense, effuse, sporodochial, brown, 50-200 um wide, 40-80 um high. Conidiophores in dense, rich fascicles, arising from stromata, brown, verruculose, cylindrical or ampulliform, straight or once geniculate, 1-4- septate, 25-80 x 4-8 um. Conidiogenous cells imtegrated, terminal, brown, verruculose, cylindrical, straight or geniculate- sinuous, somewhat tapering to a rounded apex, producing conidia by enteroblastic percurrent proliferation leaving up to 4 transverse, verruculose, irregular annellations, 10-30 x 5-6 wm. Conidia light brown, solitary, apical, verruculose, guttulate, 0-5- septate, 17-70 x 5-7 um, obclavate, straight or variously curved, tapermg from an obconically subtruncate base to a bluntly rounded apex, with an unthickened, but slightly refractive hilum. Specimens: Transvaal, Mariepskop, Cocculus hirsutus (Menispermaceae), W.F.O. Marasas, 1962, PREM 42682 (holotype); Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, C. hirsutus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, 22 Aug. 1931, PREM 25975 (paratype). | Ellis (1976) reported Cercospora cocculi H. Syd. from South Africa. This species was transferred to Pseudocercospora by Deighton (1976). However, in an examination of South African material an undescribed species of Stigmina was found. This species is characterized by having conidiogenous cells with irregular annellations, and conidia with slightly darkened, refractive hila. Based on the latter criteria it is a species of Stigmina. Chupp (1954) described C. cocculi to differ from the South African material regarding the conidiogenous cells and conidia, while Ellis (1976) illustrated darkened scars on the conidiogenous cells, and Hsieh & Goh (1990) illustrated conidiophores also occurring separately on secondary mycelium. These discrepancies suggest that several other distinct species are currently treated under P. cocculi. 260 34. coffeicola Cercospora Berkeley & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 99 (1881). Cercospora coffeae Zimm., Ber. Land-u. Forstw. Deut. Ostafr. 2: 35 (1904). Cercospora herrerana Farn., Atti Inst. Bot. R. Univ. Pavia, ser. 2, 9: 37 (1911). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella coffeicola (Cooke) Steven. & Wellm., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34: 262 (1944). Mycosphaerella coffeicola (Cooke) Ciferri, st. Bot. Reale Univ. Reale Lab. Crittog. Pavia Atti, ser. 5, 19: 118 (1962). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Coffea sp. (hybrid) (Rubiaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jun. 1931, PREM 26022. Foreign specimens: Zaire, Elisabethville, C. arabica, C. Seydel, May 1933, PREM 26699; Uganda, C. arabica, R.O. Dimmei, Jan. 1919, PREM 11934, Uganda, Nairobi, C. arabica, 12 Feb. 1917, PREM 10133. 35. commelynae (Cercospora) Kalchbr. & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 24 (1881). Specimen: Natal, Durban, Stellabush, Commelyna sp. (Commelinaceae), E.M. Doidge, 27 Nov. 1940, PREM 32777. Foreign specimen: Fungi Aequatoriensis, Commelyna sp., Syd., 9 Nov. 1937, PREM 36012. Chupp (1954) examined the type specimen lodged at Kew (MacOwen 1346), and concluded that C. commelynae was not a Cercospora species, but probably belonged in Septoria. An examimation of another South African collection (PREM 32777) determined by Chupp & Doidge (1948) to be C. commelynae, confirmed that the fungus is a species of Septoria. A foreign specimen from the same host (PREM 36012) was found to represent Cercospora commelinicola Chupp. 36. cruciferarum Cercospora Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 17 (1887). Specimen: Eastern Cape, Mocuba, near Port Elizabeth, Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae), T. Carvalho, 23 Sept. 1946, PREM 36739. Conidia of the South African specimen are 50-160 x 4-5 um, thus slightly longer than those reported by Chupp (1954). However, the general feartures of this collection comply well with that of C. cruciferarum. This is a new record for South Africa. 261 37. corchori Cercospora Sawada, Agr. Exp. Sta. Formosa Sp. Bull. 19: 37 (1919). Specimens: Transvaal, Nelspruit, Schagen, Corchorus sp. (Tiliaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26309; Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, C. tridens, L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26001. 38. cruenta Pseudocercospora (Sacc.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 142 (1976). Cercospora cruenta Sacc., Michelia 2: 149 (1880). Cercospora phaseolorum Cooke, Grevillea 12: 30 (1883). Cercospora vignae Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 19 (1887). Cercospora dolichi Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 68: 72 (1889). Cercospora vignae Raciborski, Zeit. Pflanzenkr. 8: 66 (1898). Cercospora raciborskii Mats. & Nag., Jour. Plant Protect. (Byochugaizashi) 18: 714-722 (1931). Cercospora vignae-sinensis Tai & Wei, Sinensia 4: 126 (1933). Cercospora neovignae Yamamoto, Trans. Sappro. nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 142 (1934). Cercospora vignae-sinensis Sawada, Taiwan Agric. Res. Inst. Rept. 85: 125 (1943) nom. nud. Holomorph: Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham, Mycologia 26: 516- 527 (1934). Specimen: Transvaal, Pretoria, Vigna sp. (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, PREM 40213. Foreign specimen: Fungos do Brasil No. 17124, Vigna sinensis, I. Vasconcelos, 4 May 1959, PREM 43507. Doidge (1950) also lists this species on Phaseolus vulgaris. 39. curtisiae Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 2. Cercospora curtisiae Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 884 (1948). Leaf spots amphigenous, discrete, subcircular, 2-4 mm diam., dark brown, with grey centres. Mycelium internal and external; hyphae smooth, olivaceous brown, septate, branched, 3-4 wm diam., giving rise to stromata or single conidiophores; stromata dark brown, 20-60 um é diam, consisting of pseudoparenchymatous cells. Caespituli hypophyllous, brown, 30-70 um wide, 30-40 pm high. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, or solitary, arising from secondary mycelium, 1-3-septate, olivaceous brown, smooth, cylindrical to geniculate-sinuous, 15-70 x 2.5-4 um. Conidiogenous cells 262 =e os (1) . ~ a Se SS) SS So 5 Sao ie ae ee Peed re) sh Qe re) SA rae fo S Sh fe) (Si, hes) | 8 = SY 28 2.5% [oy ex HS ees =e Ore Ss Q YF ten N Pips als eudocerc 42682). F Ps: jae (PREM 32077), AY 26 tee Curl 1g 263 integrated, smooth, olivaceous brown, polyblastic, sympodial, 10-20 x 2.5-3.5 um, with unthickened conidial scars. Conidia pale olivaceous, smooth, obclavate-cylindrical, guttulate, straight to curved, 3-8-septate, 20-75 x 2.5-4 um, tapermg from a subtruncate, unthickened base to an obtusely rounded apex. Specimen: Cape Province, Knysna, Curtisea faginea (Cornaceae), V. Reinecke, Jan. 1940, PREM 32077, (holotype). In an examination of the holotype specimen, conidia were observed to be olivaceous without thickened, refractive hila. Furthermore, conidiophores occurred in fascicles on stromata, or singly on superficial hyphae which also colonized leaf hairs, a characteristic more common in Mycovellosiella. However, the unthickened conidial hila and conidial scars on the conidiogenous cells place this collection in Pseudocercospora. 40. curvispora Stigmina Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 220 (1994). Specimen: Eastern Transvaal, Roodeplaat, Vegetable & Ornamental Plant Research Institute, experimental farm, Rhus pyroides (Anacardiaceae), E.J. van der Linde, Mar. 1988, PREM 51105 (holotype). 41. delicatissima Mycovellosiella (Kalchbr. & Cooke) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 48: 276 (1993). Cercospora delicatissima Kalch. & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 24 (1881). Cercosporella delicatissima (Kalch. & Cooke) Chupp, Bothalia 4: 884 (1948). Specimen: Cape Province, Somerset East, Sylvis Mt., Boschberg, Priva meyeri (Verbenaceae), 1875, MacOwan 1109, PREM 22013 (isotype). Chupp observed all structures of this fungus to be hyaline, and therefore proposed a new combination in Cercosporella (Chupp & Doidge, 1948). However, neither Chupp (1954) nor Pollack (1987), cited this new name when dealing with the species. Braun (1993b) proposed the new combination in Mycovellosiella based on the coloured secondary mycelium, and the solitary conidiophores with thickened conidial scars. 42. demetrioniana Cercospora G. Winter, Hedwigia 23: 170 (1884). Specimens: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Crotalaria intermedia (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, 29 Jul. 1931, PREM 25970; 264 Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Crotalaria juncea, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1931, PREM 26676. Foreign specimen: USA, Missouri, Crotalaria sagittalis, Rabenh.-G. Winter, Fungi Europaei, 1883, PREM 3419. 43. dichondrae Mycovellosiella Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 33 (1995). Specimen: Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Clouds End Hotel, Dichondra repens (Convolvulaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51116 (holotype). 44. diffusum Sirosporium (Heald & Wolf) Deighton, in Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 299, Kew (1976). Clasterosporium diffusum Heald & Wolf, Mycologia 3: 21 (1911). Cercospora fusca Rands, J. Agr. Res. 1: 312-319 (1914). Foreign specimen: Mozambique, Umbeluzi, Carya sp. (Juglandaceae), T. Carvalho, 22 Jun. 1946, PREM 36760. Although Doidge (1950) reported Cercospora fusca to occur in South Africa, no voucher specimen could be traced at PREM. 45. diospyri-lycioides Pseudocercospora Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 32 (1995). Specimen: Transvaal, Pretoria, Roodeplaat Experimental Farm, Vegetable & Ornamental Research Institute, Diospyros lycioides var. lycioides (Ebenaceae), E.J. van der Linde, Mar. 1988, PREM 51106 (holotype). 46. dissiliensis Phaeoramularia (Duby) Deighton, in Ellis, ore Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 324, Kew (1976). Torula dissiliens Duby, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Geneve 7: 128 (1835). Septocylindrium dissiliens (Duby) Sacc., Mycotheca veneta p. 583 (1876). Cladosporium roesleri Cattaneo, Bolm Com. agrar. Voghera 13: 263 (1876). Cercospora roesleri (Cattaneo) Sacc., Michelia 2: 128 (1880). Cercospora coryneoides Savulescu & Rayss, Rev. Path. Veg. Entomol. Agr. Fr. 22: 223 (1935). Ragnhildiana roesleri (Cattaneo) Vassiljevskiy, in Vassiljevskiy & Karakulin, fungi imperfecti parasitici, 1: 375 (1937). Septosporium fuckelii Thim., Ost. bot. Z. 27: 137 (1877). Cercospora fuckelii (Thiim.) Jaczewski, Parasitic fungal diseases of grape vine, ed. 2: 81 (1906). Isariopsis fuckellii (Thim.) du Plessis, Fmg. S. Afr. 17: 62 (1942). Cercospora roesleri forma fuckelii (Thim.) Elenkin, Bol. Rast. (Morbi Plant.) 4: 68 (1909). 265 Cladosporium pestis Thiim., Ost. bot. Z. 27: 12 (1877). Cercospora leoni Savul. & Rayss, Rev. Path. Veg. Entomol. Agr. Fr. 22: 222 (1935). Cercospora corynelioides Savul. & Rayss, Rev. Path. Veg. Entomol. Agr. Fr, 22: 223 (1935). Cercospora judaica Rayss, Palest. J. Bot. J. Ser. Il, 50: 22 (1943). ? Septocylindrium virens Sacc., Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 8: 186 (1876). Specimens: Cape Province, Upington, Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), Hugo, 31 Mar. 1941, PREM 33155; Cape Province, Upington, V. vinifera, S.J. Du Plessis, Apr. 1941, (Stell. 1046), PREM 46968, (Stell. 1045), PREM 46967; Cape Province, Kakamas District, V. vinifera, O. Valentin, 22 Mar. 1943, PREM 33893. 47. dissotidis Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 3. Cercospora dissotidis Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 884 (1948). Leaf spots absent or indistinct. M/ycelium imternal and external: primary mycelium internal, hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 2.5-3 wm diam.; secondary mycelium superficial, frequently around the base of leaf hairs, brown, smooth, septate, branched, 4-5 um diam. Conidiophores situated on secondary hyphae, solitary, olivaceous brown, smooth, cylindrical, 1-4-septate, 10- 150 x 4-6 um. Conidiogenous cells terminal, smooth, brown, 5- 20 x 4-6 um with slightly refractive conidial scars on older, shrunken conidiophores. Conidia olivaceous, brown, smooth, solitary, subcylindric, straight to mildly curved, 1-5-septate, with a bluntly rounded apex and long obconical base, 20-65 x 4.5-6 um. Specimen: unknown location in South Africa, A.O.D. Mogg, Dissotis incana (Melastomataceae), PREM 11651 (holotype). 48. doidgei Pseudocercospora Crous & U. Braun sp. nov. Etym.: named after the collector Dr. Ethel M. Doidge. Fig. 4. Maculae amphigenae, atro-brunneae, angulares, 2-3 mm diam., Mycelium immersum, laevia, rumosae, hyalinae vel pallide Olivaceae, 2.5-3.5 um diam. Caespituli hypophylh. Stromata immersa, brunnea, - 90 x 120 um. Conidiophora dense fasciculata, divergentia, simplicia vel ramosa, cylindrica vel leniter geniculata-sinuosa, 40-100 x 4-6 wm, 1-5-septata. Cellulae conidiogenae _terminaliae, olivaceae, _laeviae, cylindricae, ad apicem attenuatae, subtruncatae, mono- vel 266 Figs 3, 4. Conidiophores and conidia of Pseudocercospora dissotidis and P. doidgei (bar = 10 pm). Fig. 3. P. dissotidis PREM 511651). Fig. 4. P. doidgei (PREM 1671). 267 polyblasticae, 20-35 x 4-5 um; cicatrices conidiales inconspicuae. Conidia_ solitaria, olivaceo-brunnea, laevia vel lenissime verruculosa, 1-8-septata, recta vel leniter curvata, subcylindrica, ad apicem rotundata, basi in hilum attenuata, truncata, non mecrassata, 25-95 x 5-6 wm. Leaf spots amphigenous, dark brown, angular, 2-3 mm diam., more clearly delimited on lower leaf surface. Mycelium imternal, hyphae smooth, branched, hyaline to pale oltvaceous, 2.5-3.5 um diam. Caespituli hypophyllous, origmating from a _ well- developed, immersed, brown stroma, up to 90 wm wide and 120 um high. Conidiophores fasciculate, dense, strongly divergent, simple or branched, cylindrical, slightly geniculate-sinuous, medium brown, smooth, 40-100 x 4-6 um, 1-5-septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, olivaceous, smooth, cylindrical, tapering to a subtruncate apex, mono- to polyblastic, conidial scars imconspicuous, 20-35 x 4-5 um. Conidia solitary, olivaceous-brown, smooth to slightly verruculose, 1-8-septate, straight to slightly curved, subcylindrical with an obtuse apex and obconically truncate, unthickened base, 25-95 x 5-6 wm. Specimens: Natal, Durban, Bluff, Trema orientalis (Ulmaceae), E.M. Doidge, 7 Jul. 1911, PREM 1671 (holotype); Natal, Kwambonambi, 7. orientalis, M.J. Wingfield, Oct. 1994, PREM 51833. Chupp (1954) reported Cercospora tremae (Stev. & Sobh.) Chupp to occur in South Africa. However, in an examination of the specimen (PREM 1671), some important discrepancies were found. The caespituli originate from stromata, and are always hypophyllous. Furthermore, conidia have more septa, are larger, and not catenulate. Several cercosporoid fungi have been described from Trema spp. (Pollack, 1987). The South African collection can be distinguished from Pseudocercospora trematis- cannabini (Yen & Lim.) Deighton by having branched conidiophores, and the absence of epiphyllous fruiting. It is distinct from P. kiagweensis Deighton (= Cercospora trematis Hansf.) in having fasciculate conidiophores with well developed stromas, and definite lesions. The presence of stromata also distnguishes it from P. trematicola (Yen) Deighton (= Cercospora trematis-guineensis Yen & Gilles). The South African collection is most similar to P. trematis-orientalis (Sun) 268 Deighton, but has larger stromata, only hypophyllous fruiting, larger conidiophores, and wider conidia. 49. dombeyae Mycovellosiella Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 212 (1994). Specimens: Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forestry Station, Dombeya burgessiae (Sterculiaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51129 (holotype); PREM 51128 (paratype). 50. dovyalidis Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 138: 99 (1975). Cercospora dovyalidis Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 885 (1948). Pseudocercosporella dovyalidis (Chupp & Doidge) B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 138: 99 (1975). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Groenkloof, Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. (Flacourtiaceae), E.M. Doidge, 18 Feb. 1914, PREM 7398 (holotype); Transvaal, Witbank, Loskopdam, Dovyalis zeyheri, W.F.O. Marasas, Apr. 1965, PREM 43030. 51. dubia Passalora (Riess) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 54: in press (1995). Ramularia dubia Riess, Hedwigia 1: Pl. 4, Fig. 9 (1854). Cercospora chenopodii Fresen., Beitr. Mykol., p. 92 (1863). Cercospora dubia (Riess) G. Winter, Fungi eur., ed. nov., cent. 28, No. 2780, Dresden 1882, non C. dubia Speg. (1880). Cercosporidium dubium (Riess) Liu & Guo (1982: 95). Specimens: Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg Farm, Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae), M.J. Morris, 14 May 1990, PREM 51700; Eastern Cape, Hankey, C. album, M.J. Morris, 8 Nov. 1990, PREM 51701. 52. echii Cercospora G. Winter, Hedwigia 23: 190 (1884). Specimen: Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Vredenburg Farm, Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae), M.J. Morris, 19 Apr. 1993, PREM 51702. 53. egenula Paracercospora (Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 144: 48 (1979). Cercospora egenula Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33: 885 (1935). Cercospora egenula (Syd.) Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 885 (1948). Cercospora solani-melongenae Chupp, Bothalia 4: 892 (1948). Specimens: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Solanum panduraeforme (Solanaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 25999 (holotype); Natal, Cavendish, Solanum melongena var. esculentum, V.A. Wager, 29 Jul. 1942, PREM 34107. 269 54. ekebergiae Cercosporella Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 267 (1914). Specimen: Natal, Verulan, Ekebergia sp. (Meliaceae), Pole-Evans, 3 Jul. 1913 (S). According to Braun (1991), this specimen represents a fungus with acervular conidiomata, suggesting a generic placement in Phloeospora Wallr. or Phloeosporella Hohn. to be more appropriate. 55. eucalyptorum Pseudocercospora Crous, M.J. Wingf., Marasas & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 93: 394-395 (1989). Pseudocercospora eucalypti Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Cercospora and similar fungi from Taiwan p. 244 (1990). Specimens: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Eucalyptus nitens (Deane et Maid.) Maid. (Myrtaceae), P.W. Crous, Aug. 1988, PREM 49112 (holotype); Cape Province, Knysna, FE. nitens, M.J. Wingfield, Apr. 1988, PREM 49111; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, F. nitens, 1988, CUP 62013, IMI 331472, 331473. The type specimens of Cercospora eucalypti Cooke & Massee apud Cooke, and Cercospora epicoccoides Cooke & Massee apud Cooke did not represent cercosporoid fungi. Crous ef ai. (1989) found that they represented species of a coelomycete genus, Phaeoseptoria Speg. In a later study, Walker ef al. (1992) erected a new genus, Kirramyces Walker, B. Sutton & Pascoe, and established new combinations for C. eucalypti and C. epicoccoides m Kirramyces. Hsieh & Goh (1990) described a new species of Pseudocercospora from Eucalyptus, P. eucalypti Goh & W.H. Hsieh, the type specimen of which could not be located for examination in this study. From the similar description of the latter fungus, we, conclude that P. eucalypti is a synonym of P. eucalyptorum. Kobayashi (1984) described an additional species, C. paraguayensis Kobayashi, from Eucalyptus leaves in Paraguay. An examination of the type lodged at TFM Herbarium in Japan (FPH-5626) confirmed it to be a species of Pseudocercospora. Conidia are (1-)3(-6)-septate, 40-70 x 2.5-4.5 um, like those of P. eucalyptorum. However, unlike P. eucalyptorum, the 270 fascicles do not arise from a well-developed stroma. The fungus from Paraguay is therefore not considered as synonymous with P. eucalyptorum, and the following new combination is proposed: Pseudocercospora paraguayensis (Kobayashi) Crous comb. | nov., [Cercospora paraguayensis Kobayashi, Trans. mycol. Soc. Japan 25: 263 (1984), bas. ]. 56. fici-sycamorusii Pseudocercospora Crous & U. Braun sp. nov. Fig. 5. Maculae amphigenae, orbiculares vel ovales, pallide brunneae, 5- 15 mm diam., margine diffuso cinctae. Mycelium primarium internum, mycelium secundarium externum: hyphae ramosae, septatae, laeviae, hyalinae vel olivaceae, 2-2.5 jm _ latae. Stromata 35-50 x 25-35 wm, olivacea. Caespituli hypophylh, brunnei, 35-70 x 25-36 wm. Conidiophora (= cellulae conidiogenae) numerosa, dense fasciculata, olivacea, laevia, cylindrica, basi incrassata vel ad apicem irregulares, recta vel interdum percurrentes, 10-20 x 3-4 um. Cicatrices conidiales inconspicuae, non incrassatae. Conidia solitaria, olivacea, lenissime verruculosa, anguste obclavata, ad apicem obtusa, basi in hilum attenuata, truncata, non incrassata, recta vel leniter curvata, (1-)3(-4)-septata, 20-60 x 3-3.5 um. Leaf spots amphigenous, circular to oval with diffuse margins, light brown, 5-15 mm in diam. Mycelium internal and external: internal hyphae hyaline to olivaceous, giving rise to oltvaceous stromata, 35-50 wm wide, 25-35 um high; external hyphae branched, septate, smooth, hyaline to olivaceous, 2-2.5 im diam. Caespituli hypophyllous, brown, 35-70 um wide, 25-35 pm high. Conidiophores numerous, in fairly dense fascicles, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells oltvaceous, smooth, cylindrical with a swollen base, or irregular at the apex, straight to geniculate-sinuous, mono- to polyblastic, sympodial, or occasionally proliferating once or twice percurrently, 10-20 x 3-4 um, conidial scars unthickened, inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, olivaceous, finely verruculose, narrowly obclavate with an obtuse apex and a long obconically truncate base with an unthickened hilum, straight or slightly curved, (1-)3(-4)-septate, 20-60 x 3-3.5 um. Specimen: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Ficus sycamorus (Moraceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26345 (holotype). Figs 5-7. Conidiophores and conidia of Pseudocercospora fici-sycamorusii, Stigmina knoxdaviesii and Cercostigmina liebenbergii (bar = 10 um). Fig. 5. P. fici-sycamorusii (PREM 26345). Fig. 6. S. knoxdaviesii (PREM 26353, vertical conidia), (PREM 6618, horisontal conidia). Fig. 7. C. liebenbergii (PREM 30964). pagel Chupp & Doidge (1948) reported Pseudocercospora fici (Heald & Wolf) Liu & Guo (= Cercospora fici Heald & Wolf) to occur in South Africa. However, they found the conidia to be shorter than those of the type collection. In an examination of the South African collection (PREM 26345), we found it to represent a Pseudocercospora species. This collection could be distinguished from the species listed by Pollack (1987) on Ficus. Although the South African collection proved to be similar to P. fici-caricae (Sawada) Goh & W.H. Hsieh, it could be distinguished by its non-septate conidiophores, which do not occur separately on secondary mycelium. 57. formosana Pseudocercospora (Yamamoto) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 144 (1976). Cercospora formosana Yamamoto, J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 6: 600 (1934). Cercospora lantana-aculeatae Yen, Rev. Mycol. 31: 124 (1966). Pseudocercospora lantana-aculeatae (Yen) Yen, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 96: 33 (1980). Specimen: Natal, Margate, Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), C.J. Cilliers, 12 Sept. 1979, PREM 45910. 58. fusimaculans Phaeoramularia (G.F. Atk.) Liu & Guo, Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 12: 9 (1982). Cercospora fusimaculans G.F. Atk., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 8: 50 (1892). Cercospora fusimaculans G.F. Atk. emend Kranz, Sydowia 19: 8 (1965). Cercospora panici Davis, Wisc. Acad. Trans. 19: 714 (1919). Cercospora panici-miliacei Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rep. 51: 131 1931). Cercosporina panici (Davis) Sacc., Syl]. Fung. 25: 904 (1931). Specimen: Transvaal, Pretoria, Kaalfontein, Brachiaria serrata (Poaceae), Pole Evans, 27 Mar. 1917, PREM 10081. Foreign specimen: ?, Rottboellia exaltata, 8.J. Hughes, 2 Jul. 1949, PREM 41098, IMI 39661. 59. gossypina Cercospora Cooke, Grevillea 12: 31 (1883). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Earle, Exp. Sta. Bull., 107: 309 (1900). Sphaerella gossypina G.F. Atk., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 300-301 (1891). Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Siemas., Mater. Mikol. Fitopatol. Rossi 1: 26 (1915). 273 Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Jacz. Opredelitel'gribov 2: 619 (1923). Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Woron., Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 23, 3: 137 (1923). Mycosphaerella gossypina (G.F. Atk.) Cif. & Mont., in Ciferri, Quaderno 19: 233 (1961). Specimens: Cape Province, Gossypium sp. (Malvaceae), C.N. Mally, Feb. 1911, PREM 1206; Transvaal, Pretoria, Skinner's Court, Gossypium sp., Pole Evans, 5 Jan. 1906, PREM 799 (specimens depauperate). Foreign specimen: USA, Texas, Gossypium sp., D.A. Saunders, 16 Sept. 1913, PREM 46168. 60. gossypii Ramulariopsis (Speg.) U. Braun, Nova Hedwigia 56: 432 (1993). Cercosporella gossypii Speg,, Ann. Soc. Cient. Argent. 22: 208 : (1886). Ramularia areolata G.F. Atk., Bot. Gaz. 15: 168 (1890). Septocylindrium areolatum (G.F. Atk.) Pounds & Clem., Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 651 (1896). Symphyrosita areolata (G.F. Atk.) Sawada, Spec. Publ. Coll. Agric. Nat. Taiwan Univ. 8: 232 (1959), Ramularia gossypii (Speg.) Cif., Atti. Ist. Bol. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 5, 19: 24 (1961). Septocylindrium gossypii (Speg.) Subramanian, Hyphomycetes, p. 309, New Delhi (1971). Specimens: Transvaal, Komatidraai, Gossypium sp. (Malvaceae), N. Basson, 13 Apr. 1978, PREM 45347; Limpopo Valley, Gossypium sp., M.C. Dippenaar, Apr. 1978, PREM 45346; Umbeluzi, Gossypium transvaalense, P. Talbot, 26 Jul. 1946, PREM 36750. Foreign specimens: USA, Alabama, Tallassee, Gossypium herbaceum, W.A. Orton, 8 Sept. 1905, PREM 46161; USA, South Carolina, Florence, Gossypium sp., W.A. Orton, Sept. 1910, PREM 46160; Swaziland, Gossypium sp., PREM 7471. | 61. graminis Passalora (Fuckel) v. Héhn., Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, Abt. 2, 60: 6 (1923). Scolicotrichum graminis Fuckel, Symbol. Mycol. p. 107 (1870). Cercospora graminis (Fuckel) Horsfall, Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric Exp. Stn. 130: 100 (1930). Cercosporidium graminis (Fuckel) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 112: 62 (1967). Specimens: Natal, Himeville, Dactylis glomerata (Poaceae), S.G. Truter, 11 May 1950, PREM 39116, 39115; Orange Free State, Marseilles, D. 274 glomerata, S.J. Truter, Jul. 1950, PREM 39129; Natal, Himeville, D. glomerata, Jan. 1950, PREM 39017; Natal, Himeville, D. glomerata, S.J. Truter, Oct. 1949, PREM 39198. | Foreign specimen: Petrak, Mycotheca Generalis, Sweden, Milium effusum, A.G. Eliasson, Sept. 1926, PREM 37207. Von Arx (1983), Castafieda & Braun (1989) and Deighton (1990) regard the genus Cercosporidium as a synonym of Passalora. The older combination in Passalora, P. graminis _ (Fuckel) Hohn., is therefore accepted for this species. 62. granuliformis Cercospora Ellis & Holway, J. Mycol. 1: 6 (1885). Cercospora sororiae Tehon, Mycologia 40: 323 (1948). Specimen: Cape Province, Cape Town, Viola odorata (Violaceae), C.W. Mally, 6 Mar. 1903, PREM 6963 (specimen depauperate). Foreign specimens: Ellis & Everh., Fungi Colombiani, Nuttallburg, West Va., Viola cucullata, L.W. Nuttal, Jul. 1894, PREM 49957; Rabenh.-G. Winter, Fungi Europaei, USA, Missouri, Viola sp., C.H. Dematrio, PREM 4023a, & Manhattan Kansas, W.A. Kellerman, PREM 4023b. The herbarium sheet notes that this disease was common in the Cape Town municipal garden. 63. grevilleana Ramularia (Tul. & C. Tul.) Joerst., Meed. Stat. Plantepatol. Inst. 1: 17 (1945). Cylindrosporium grevilleanum Tul. & C. Tul., Selecta fungorum Carpologica 2: 288, Paris (1863). Ramularia fragariae Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 32: 43 (1879). Ramularia tulasnei Sacc., Fungi ital. tab. 1006 (1881). Ramularia tulasnei var. fragariae-vescae, C. Massal., Osserv. fitol. in Madonna Verona 2: 9 (1908). R. brunnea auct., non Peck. Holomorph: Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Johanson ex Oudem.., Rév. Champ. Pays-Bas 2: 216 Mar. (1897). Sphaeria fragariae Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 4, 5: 112 (1856). Sphaeria fragariae (Tul.) Sacc., Sy/l. Fung. 1: 505 (1882). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. in Engler & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenf. 1: 424 Jun. (1897). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Felt., Recueils Mém. Trav. Soc. Bot. Luxembourg 14: 286 (1899). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Strass., Ann. Mycol. 9: 87 (1911). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Staritz, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 55: 74 (1913). 279 Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Hohn., Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 125: 93 (1916). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Cruchet, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 55: 45 (1923). Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Jorstad, Meed. Stat. Plantepatol. Inst. 1: C17 (1945). Specimen: Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), P.W. Crous, Sept. 1993, PREM 51720. Foreign specimens: USA, Ohio, Columbus, Fragaria vesca, C.M. Weed, 13 Oct. 1982, PREM 19776; Krieger, Schadliche Pilze, Fragaria sp., Krieger, PREM 21904. The teleomorph has been reported from South Africa. This is the first local record of the Ramularia anamorph. 64. grewiae-occidentalis Ramularia Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 34 (1995). Specimen: Natal, Donnybrook, Nxumeni Forestry Station, Grewia occidentalis var. occidentalis (Tiliaceae), R.Y. Anelich, May 1988, PREM 51123 (holotype). 65. griseola Phaeoisariopsis (Sacc.) Ferr., Ann. Mycol. 7: 273 (1909). | Isariopsis griseola Sacc., Michelia 1: 273 (1878). Graphium laxum Ellis, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 64-66 (1881). Pseudocercospora columnaris (Ellis & Everh.) Yen, in Yen & Lim, Gardens’ Bull., Singapore 33: 172 (1980). Cercospora columnaris Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 46: 380 (1894). Arthrobotryum puttemansii Henn., Hedwigia 41: 309 (1902). Cercospora stuhlmannii Henn., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 40 (1904). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae), E.M. Doidge, Apr. 1918, PREM 11387; Natal, Winkel Spruit, P. vulgaris, E.M. Doidge, 6 Jul. 1912, PREM 2504; Transvaal, Barberton, P. vulgaris, J.W. Watts, 14 Apr. 1906, PREM 15; Transvaal, Potchefstroom, P. vulgaris, PREM 23497; Natal, Cedara, P. vulgaris, R.R. Staples, 19 Apr. 1922, PREM 15428; Natal, Winkelspruit, P. vulgaris, J.B. Pole Evans, 5 Jun. 1912, PREM 2387. Local specimens labelled Cercospora phaseolina Speg. proved to be representative of P. griseola. 276 66. haemanthi Cercospora Kalchbr., Grevillea 9: 24 (1881). Specimens: Cape Province, Haemanthus puniceus (Amaryllidaceae), MacOwan 1020 (holotype, not located); Transvaal, Pretoria, H. magnificus, Pole Evans, Feb. 1911, PREM 1203; Transvaal, Pretoria, Grootfontein, /. magnificus, E.M. Doidge, 11 Apr. 1911, PREM 1378; Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Mountain Rise, H. natalensis, E.M. Doidge, 23 Mar. 1916, PREM 7867; Cape Province, Umtata, H. puniceus, A. Pegler, 6 May 1916, PREM 9738; Cape Province, Kentami, H. puniceus, A. Pegler, 31 May 1916; Transvaal, Rustenburg, Buffelspoort, E.M. Doidge, 16 Apr. 1936; PREM 28615; Transvaal, Pretoria, Derdepoort, H. magnificus, E.M. Doidge & A.M. Bottomley, 4 Feb. 1943, PREM 33933. 67. halleriae Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 145 (1976). Cercospora halleriae Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 886 (1948). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Halleria lucida (Scrophulariaceae), P.A. van der Bijl, 16 Oct. 1913, PREM 7377 (holotype). A characteristic not mentioned in the original description of this taxon is that the conidiogenous cells can proliferate either sympodially, or once or twice percurrently. 68. handelii Pseudocercospora (Bubak) Deighton, 7rans. Br. mycol. Soc. 88: 390 (1987). Cercospora handelii Bubak, Annin. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 23: 106 (1909). Cercoseptoria handelii (Bubak) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 166 (1976). Specimen: Transvaal, White River, Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae) P.W. Crous, Jul. 1990, PREM 51295. Foreign specimen: Australia, NSA, Turramurra, 15 Trentino Rd., Rhododendron sp., O.M. Williams, 28 Sept. 1969, PREM 45237. 69. helianthi Cercospora Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 20 (1887). Gorter (1977) reported this species on Helianthus (Asteraceae) in South Africa. No material could be located at PREM. 70. henningsii Passalora (Allesch.) Castafieda & U. Braun, Crypt. Bot. 1: 46 (1989). Cercospora henningsii Allesch. in Eng]., Pfanzenwelt Ostaftikas, Teil C: 35 (1895). Cercospora cassavae Ellis & Everh., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 438 (1895). Pad fe Cercospora manihotis P. Henn., Hedwigia 41: 18 (1902). Cercospora cearae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 3: 10 (1910). Septogloeum manihotis Zimm., Centralbl. f. Bakt. Abt. 2. 8: 218 (1902). Helminthosporium manihotis Rangel, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 71 (1902). Cercosporidium henningsii (Allesch.) Deighton, in Ellis, /ore Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 295, Kew (1976). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella henningsii Sivanesan, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 84: 552 (1985). | Mycosphaerella manihotis Ghesq. & Henr. (1924), non M. manihotis Syd..& P. Syd. Specimen: Natal, Makatina Flats, Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), E.O.K. Richards, 18 Feb. 1980, PREM 45576. Foreign specimens: Mycoflora Domingensis N. 12, Manihot utilissima, R. Ciferri, 15 Aug. 1930; Africa, Uganda, M. utilissima, R.Q. Diimmr, Jan. 1915, PREM 11961. 71. heraclei Ramularia (Oudem.) Sacc., Fungi ital., tab. 1008 (1881). Ramularia heraclei var. apii-graveolentis Sacc. & Berl., Malpighia 2: 247 (1888). Specimen: South Africa: Natal, Cedara, Apium graveolens var. dulce (Apiaceae), 1 Jun. 1912, PREM 2099. This is the first record of this species from South Africa, where it occurs in mixed infections with Pseudocercosporella pastinacae. 72. herpotrichoides Ramulispora (Fron) von Arx, Proc. K. ned. Akad. Wet. 86: 36 (1983). Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron, Ann. Sci. Nat. Agron. Fr. IV, 1: 11 (1912). Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 133: 46 (1973). Holomorph: Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 71: 703 (1988). Specimen: Cape Province, Jongensklip, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae), G.J.M.A. Gorter, 14 Oct. 1942, PREM 46970. This is a common pathogen of wheat in the Swartland and Koeberg areas of the western Cape Province. Only the W-type (R. herpotrichoides var. herpotrichoides) has been found. 278 73 heteromalla Cercospora Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22: 433 (1924). Although this fungus was originally described from South Africa, no material could be located at PREM, B or S. The collection data is given as_ Transvaal, Houtbas, Rubus _ rosaefolius (Rosaceae), July 1924, PREM 34286 (holotype). According to the notes of Ellis (1976), this is probably a species of Pseudocercospora. 74. hypoestis Cercosporella Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 158: 49 (1947). Specimen: Northern Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forestry Station (entrance), Hypoestes forskalii (Acanthaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51107. 75. insulana Cercospora Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 22: 74 (1915). Cercosporina insulana Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 22: 74 (1915). Cercospora staticis Lobik, Bolezni Rast. 17: 195 (1928). Cercospora insulana (Sacc.) Vass. in Vassiljevskiy & Karakulin, Fungi imperfecti parasitici 1: 319 (1937). Cercospora insulana (Sacc.) Chupp, Bothalia 4: 886 (1948). Cercospora insulana (Sacc.) Muller & Chupp, Ceiba 1: 174 (1950). Specimens: Transvaal, Nelspruit, Limonium sinuatum (Plumbaginaceae), V.A. Wager, 9 Sept. 1927, PREM 22386; Transvaal, Pretoria, L. sinuatum, V.A. Wager, 14 Apr. 1927, PREM 21247; Transvaal, Louis dente Statice sp., E.C. Koker, 26 Mar. 1933, PREM 26652. 76. jussiaeae Pseudocercospora (G.F. Atk.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 146 (1976). Cercospora jussiaeae G.F. Atk., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 8: 50 (1982). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit, Jussiaea suffructicosa v. angustifolia (Onagraceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26066. 77. kellermanianum Cladophialophora (Marasas & Bredell) U. Braun & U. Feiler, Microbiol. Res.: in press (1995). Phaeoramularia kellermaniana Marasas & Bredell, Bothalia 11: 217 (1974). Specimens: Cape Province, Kapgat, Calvinia, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), Feb. 1972, PREM 44703 (holotype); Cape Province, Oudtshoorn, Medicago sativa L., Jul. 1970, PREM 44704 (paratype). 279 78. kiggelariae Pseudocercospora (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 215 (1994). Cercospora kiggelariae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22: 434 (1924). Specimens: Western Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Kiggelaria africana (Flacourtiaceae), C.K. Brain, No. 1449, (holotype, not examined); Cape Province, K. africana, Sept. 1928, Verwoerd No. 298, PREM 46354; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Coetzenburg, K. africana, P.S. Knox-Davies, Apr. 1988, PREM 51111; Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, K. africana, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1932, PREM 26315. 79. kikuchii Cercospora T. Matsumoto & Tomoyasu, Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. JPN 1: 1 (1925). Cercosporina kikuchii T. Matsumoto & Tomoyasu (/.c.), alternative name. Specimen: ?, Glycine max seed (Fabaceae), Division of Plant & Seed Control, 20 Feb. 1979, PREM 45471. The specimen in PREM bears no collection data, and since this collection was obtained by the Division of Plant Control, it remains unclear whether this fungus occurred on local or imported seed. 80. knoxdaviesii Stigmina Crous & U. Braun nom. nov. Cercospora caffra Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 12: 267 (1914) (basionym), non Stigmina caffra (Wakef.) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 42- 43 (1959). Etym.: named for Prof. Peter S. Knox-Davies, head of the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, 1970-1991. Fig. 6. Leaf spots amphigenous, brown, subcircular, immarginate, 1-6 mm diam. Mycelium internal, composed of brown hyphae, giving rise to brown stromata, 50-80 wm wide, 20-30 um high, composed of brown, aggregated pseudoparenchymatal cells. Conidiomata amphigenous, predominantly hypophyllous, brown, 50-90 um wide, 30-70 um high. Conidiophores in dense, rich fascicles, arising from stromata, brown, verruculose, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, brown, cylindrical to doliiform, straight or geniculate-sinuous, verruculose, producing conidia enteroblastically and percurrently to form 1-4 transverse, verruculose, irregular annellations, 8-15 x 4-5 um. Conidia solitary, apical, brown, 15-45 x 5-6 um, 280 verruculose, (0-)3(-6)-septate, cylindrical to obclavate, curved, rarely straight, apex obtuse, base truncate, occasionally with a minute marginal frill. Specimens: Transvaal, Nelspruit, Sclerocarya caffra (Anacardiaceae), S. Hall, May 1913, PREM 6618 (isotype); Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit district, S. caffra, L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1932, PREM 26353. According to Chupp (1954) this collection does not represent a Cercospora species, but rather resembles Exosporium or Coryneum. An examination of the isotype lodged at PREM (6618), and an additional collection (PREM 26353) revealed a species of Stigmina Sacc. However, a new combination in Stigmina would not be possible, as this epithet is already occupied by Stigmina caffra (Wakefield) M.B. Ellis, known from Erica caffra in South Africa. Therefore, a new name is introduced, viz. S. knoxdaviesii, after Prof. Peter Knox-Davies, who collected many of the cercosporoid fungi examined in this study. 81. koepkei Mycovellosiella (Kriiger) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 144: 20 (1979). Cercospora koepkei Kriger, Ber. Versuch. Zuckerr. W. Java. 1: 115 (1890). Cercospora longipes Butler, Dept. Agr. India Mem. 1: 41 (1906). Foreign specimens: Tanzania, Kilimboro, Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae), D.R.W. Watson, Jul. 1965, PREM 43794, IMI 114253; Zimbabwe, Malosa, Zomba, S. officinarum, D.C.M. Corlett, 24 Jul. 1961, IMI 89225, PREM 4379S. Although C. /ongipes is reported by Ellis (1976) to occur m South Africa, there are no specimens in PREM. 82. lantaniphila Mycovellosiella Crous, U. Braun & M.J. Morris, S. Afr. J. Bot. 60: 327-328 (1994). Specimen: Transvaal, Komatipoort, Krokodil River, Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), C. Hurter, 1 Jun. 1987, PREM 51707 (holotype). 83. laxa Mycovellosiella (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 137: 65 (1974). Cladosporium laxum Kalchbr. & Cooke, Grevillea 9: 24 (1880). Specimen: Cape Province, Somerset East, Printzia pyrifolia (Asteraceae), MacOwen 1394, Herb. K 115272 (holotype). 281 84. leonotidis Cercospora (?) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 72 (1879). Specimen: Natal, J.M. Leonotis leonurus (Lamiaceae), Wood 5, 1877, PREM 10175. Chupp & Doidge (1948) comment that the fungus associated with PREM 10175 is Puccinia leucadis, and that this collection number has been used for more that one fungus. Chupp (1954) states that Cercospora leonotidis has subhyaline conidia, suggesting that this species must be reallocated to another genus. However, no material could be located at PREM. 85. liebenbergii Cercostigmina (Syd). Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 7. Cercospora liebenbergii Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33: 235 (1935). Pseudocercospora liebenbergii (Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 15 1976). Seti rauvolfiae M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 116, Kew (1976). Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, light brown on lower surface, grey on upper surface with a dark brown margin, 3-10 mm diam. Mycelium internal, composed of smooth olivaceous hyphae, forming suprastomatal stromata, 20-60 um wide, 15-40 um high, composed of brown, aggregated pseudoparenchymatal cells. Conidiomata amphigenous, dark brown, sporodochial, 40-80 um wide, 20-50 um high. Conidiophores in rich, dense fascicles, arising from stromata, dark brown, smooth to verrucose, simple, straight or slightly curved, 0-2-septate, 25-40 x 4-7 um. Conidiogenous cells brown, smooth to verrucose, straight, cylindrical, tapering to a rounded or truncate apex, proliferating 1-4 times percurrently, 10-30(-35) x 4-6 wm; conidial scars unthickened, inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, olivaceous, smooth to finely roughened, indistinctly multiseptate, cylindric to obclavate, with an obtuse apex and obconically truncate base which is minutely thickened and refractive, with an occasional marginal frill, 25-100 x 4-6 um. Specimens: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Rauvolfia caffra (Apocynaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1932, PREM 26177 (holotype); Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, R. caffra, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jun. 1939, PREM 30964 (co-type); Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Entabeni, R. caffra, W.F.O. Marasas, Apr. 1964, PREM 42685; Schagen, Nelspruit, R. caffra, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jun. 1939, IMI 37995 (type of Stigmina rauvolfia). 282 In an examination of the type and additional collections of this species, olivaceous, fairly Pseudocercospora-like, verruculose conidia were found. Conidiogenous cells proliferated enteroblastically and percurrently, and not sympodially as im Pseudocercospora. Annellations on the conidiogenous cells were generally not as rough and thick-walled as im Stigmina, suggesting Cercostigmina. In 1976 Ellis described a new species from the same host, namely Stigmina rauvolfia M.B. Ellis. A comparison of the type of Cercospora liebenbergii and S. rauvolfia found them to be identical. Conidiomata on the type of S. liebenbergii were also observed among spermogonia and immature ascomata of a Mycosphaerella sp. It is mteresting to note that L.C.C. Liebenberg (an agriculture extension officer) was an enthusiastic collector of cercosporoid fungi, and that he collected most of the South African specimens of these fungi lodged in herbaria worldwide. This is apparently why Sydow named this species in his honour. 86. longissima Cercospora (Cugini in Herb.) Sacc, Syl. Fung. 18: 607 (1906), non Cooke & Ellis, hom. illegit. Cercospora longispora (Cugini in Herb.) Traverso, Malpighia 17: 217 (1902). Cercospora lactucae Stevenson, J. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico 1: 105 (1917). Cercospora lactucae Welles, Phytopathology 13: 289 (1923). Cercospora lactucae-sativae Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. . 35: 111 (1928). Cercospora ixeridis-chinensis Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. 86: 171 (1943). Cercospora lactucae-indicae Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. 86: 172 (1943). Specimen: Cape Province, Mocuba, near Port Elizabeth, Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), T. Carvalho, 23 Sept. 1946, PREM 36738. Morphological dimensions of the local specimen fit those given by Chupp (1954) for C. longissima. This is HG LO a new record for South Africa. 87. lupinicola Cercospora Lieneman, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 40 (1929). Cercospora texensis Tharp, Mycologia 9: 115 (1917) homonym. Specimen: Natal, Pinetown, Lupinus sp. (Fabaceae), V.A. Wager, 1956, PREM 41658. 283 88. maesae Stenella Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 210 (1994). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella maesae Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 210 (1994). Specimen: Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forest Station, Maesa lanceolata (Myrsinaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51114a (holotype). 89. malayensis Cercospora Stev. & Solh., Mycologia 23: 394 (1931). Specimens: Transvaal, Nelspruit Research Station, Hibiscus cannabinus (Malvaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1931, PREM 26674; Transvaal, Nelspruit Research Station, H. cannabinus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26312. Foreign specimens: Zimbabwe, Sinoia, H. cannabinus, J.C. Hopkins, 30 Apr. 1928, PREM 34274; Zimbabwe, Shamva, H. cannabinus, J.C. Hopkins, 19 Mar. 1930, PREM 34263; Zimbabwe, Harare, H. cannabinus, J.C. Hopkins, 13 Mar. 1930, PREM 34262. 90. marasasii Pseudocercospora Crous & M.J. Wingf., Mycol. Res. 95: 1111 (1991). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella marasasii Crous & M.J. Wingf., Mycol. Res. 95: 1111 (1991). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae), M.J. Wingfield, 1 Feb. 1988, PREM 50637 (holotype). 91. medicaginis Cercospora Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Part 1 43: 91 (1891). This species was reported by Lamprecht & Knox-Davies (1984) from Medicago in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. 92. melaena Pseudocercospora (Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 147 (1976). Cercospora melaena Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22: 434 (1924). Specimens: Transvaal, Haenertsburg, Woodbush, Flemingia grahaminiana (Fabaceae), E.M. Doidge, Aug. 1934, PREM 32911 (syntype); Transvaal, Tzaneen, Magoebaskloof, F. grahamiana, W.F.O. Marasas, Oct. 1963, PREM 42683; Transvaal, Tzaneen, F’. grahamiana, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jul. 1955, PREM 41401. 284 93. melanochaeta Phaeoisariopsis (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton, in Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 230, Kew (1976). Cercospora melanochaeta Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila 46: 380 (1894). Specimens: Natal, Escombe, Maytenus cymosus (Celastraceae), A.F. Hearn, 31 Dec. 1937, PREM 33214; Natal, Empangeni, 14. cymosus, A.P.D. McLean, 1 Sept. 1938, PREM 33069; Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, AZ. cymosus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jul. 1935, PREM 32817; Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Maytenus sp., L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26350; Transvaal, Nelspruit Research Station, 17. cymosus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 25997; Cape Province, Kentani, /. cymosus, A. Pegler, 24 May 1916, PREM 9771; Natal, Verulam, 17. cymosus, P. van der Bijl, 12 Sept. 1913, PREM 6946. 94. musae Pseudocercospora (Zimm.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 148 (1976). Cercospora musae Zimm., Centralbl. f. Bakt. IJ 8: 219 (1902). Cercospora musae Mass., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1914: 159 (1914). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella musicola Leach ex Mulder & Stover, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 67: 77 (1976). Mycosphaerella musicola Leach, Trop. Agric. 18: 92 (1941) nom. nud. Foreign specimen: Mozambique, Gondola, Musa sappientum (Musaceae), PREM 34275. Although this species is reported to occur in the Transvaal Province of South Africa by Gorter (1977), no specimens could be located at PREM. 95. myrticola Pseudocercospora (Speg.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 148 (1976). Cercospora myrticola Speg., Anal. Soc. Sci. Argentine 16: 167 (1883). Cercospora myrti Erikson, Revue Mycol. 8: 60 (1886). Cercospora myrti var. epiphylla Sacc. (Myco. Ital. 1586). Cercospora saccardiana Scalia, Atti d. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania IV. 14: 35 (1901). Cercospora amadelpha Syd., Ann. Mycol. 30: 89 (1932). Fusariella cladosporioides P. Karst., in Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 746 (1958). Specimen: Cape Province, Wellington, Blauwvlei, Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae), E.M. Doidge, 20 Feb. 1912, PREM 2066. 285 96. nicotianae Cercospora Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1893: 170 (1893). Cercospora raciborskii Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 16: 1070 (1902). Specimen: Natal, ?, Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Mar. 1923, PREM 32498. Foreign specimens: USA, Texas, Nicotiana sp., O. Olson, 20 Jul. 1909, PREM 46169; Zimbabwe, Balaka, NV. tabacum, D.C.M. Corlett, 27 Feb. 1959, PREM 43796; Herb IMI, N. tabacum, J.L. Grieg, 8 Nov. 1951, PREM 41101; Zimbabwe, Harare, Nicotiana sp., J.C. Hopkins, 3 Mar. 1938, PREM 34276; Zimbabwe, Trelawney, Nicotiana sp., J.C. Hopkins, 15 Jun. 1936, PREM 34269; Zimbabwe, Harare, Nicotiana sp., J.C. Hopkins, 29 Dec. 1931, PREM 34267, 34268; ?, Eldorado, Nicotiana sp., J.C. Hopkins, 17 Dec. 1931, PREM 34266; Zimbabwe, Harare, Nicotiana sp., J.C. Hopkins, 30 Apr. 1929, PREM 34260; Zimbabwe, Nicotiana sp., ?, 30 Apr. 1913, PREM 6595; Flora of the Philippines, Nicotiana tabacum, E.D. Merrill, May 1913, PREM 13251; Fungi Malayana C.F. Baker, Nicotiana tabacum, Dec. 1914, PREM 9586; Swaziland, Nicotiana sp., C. Grey, Feb. 1910, PREM 894. 97. oblecta Stigmina (Syd.) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Cercospora oblecta Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33: 235 (1935). Fig. 8. Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, 2-6 mm diam., red-brown, becoming grey-brown with age. Conidiomata epiphyllous, sporodochial, brown, up to 80 wm wide, and 60 um high. Conidiophores in rich, dense fascicles, arising from stromata, brown, simple, 1-2-septate, verruculose, cylindrical to irregular, 30-50 x 4-7 um. Conidiogenous cells brown, becoming olivaceous toward apex, verruculose, straight or bent, tapering to a rounded or subtruncate apex, proliferating 1-4 times enteropercurrently, 20-40 x 4-7 um; conidial scars unthickened, mconspicuous. Conidia solitary, brown, becoming olivaceous toward apex, verruculose, cylindrical to obclavate with a rounded apex and obconically subtruncate base, conspicuously 1-15- septate, guttulate, 40-120 x 4.5-8 um, frequently with a minute basal marginal frill. Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26043 (holotype). The conidia of the type specimen are dark brown, finely verruculose, with slightly darkened, refractive hila and minute 286 Figs 38.09) Conidiophores and conidia of Stigmina oblecta and Pseudocercospora oliniae (bar = 10 pm). Fig. 8. S. oblecta (PREM 26043). Fig. 9. P. oliniae (PREM 46349). 287 marginal frills. The conidiogenous cells are brown, finely verruculose, with widely spaced conspicuous annellations, giving rise to conidia enteroblastically and percurrently. The conidia are somewhat Cercostigmina-like, but the structure of the conidiophores and conidiogenous cells place this species in Stigmina. 98. occidentalis Phaeoramularia (Cooke) Deighton in Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, p. 322, Kew (1976). Cercospora occidentalis Cooke, Hedwigia 17: 39 (1978). Ramularia cassiicola Heald & Wolf, Bull. U.S. Bur. Pl. Ind. 226: 101 1912). ne occidentalis (Cooke) Sacc., Sy/l. Fung. 25: 906 (1931). Cercospora personata vat. cassiae occidentalis Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 106 (1875). Cladosporium personatum var. cassiae Thim., Myc. Univ. p. 1964 1881). oeeate paulensis P. Henn., Hedwigia 48: 18 (1909). Cercospora occidentalis Ellis & Kellerm., U.S.D.A. Bur. Plant Ind. Bull. 226: 101 (1912). Cercospora somalensis Curzi, Bol. R. Staz. Patol. Veget. n.s. 12: 158 1932). pene sphaeroidea Speg., Ann. Soc. cient. Argent. 9: 279 1880). Diss eiriondis sphaeroidea (Speg.) Brown & Morgan-Jones, Mycotaxon 4: 303 (1976). Specimens: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Cassia delagoensis (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, PREM 32881; Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, C. delagoensis, L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1932, PREM 26352; Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, C. delagoensis, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26033. One of the synonyms listed by Chupp (1954), Cercospora sphaeroidea Speg., was transferred to Phaeoisariopsis Brown & Morgan-Jones (1976). However, Deighton (1979) stated that it would be better accommodated in Phaeoramularia. Brown & Morgan-Jones (1976) also placed Cercospora cassiocarpa (Sacc.) Chupp (= C. occidentalis var. cassiocarpa Sacc.) in Cercosporidium as C. cassiocarpum (Sacc.) Brown & Morgan- Jones. However, an examination of syntype material at PREM (on Cassia occidentalis, Flora of the Philippines, E.D. Merrill, Nov.-Dec. 1912, No. 8463, PREM 13200, BPI), suggested that the earlier name, C. cassiocarpa (Sacc.) Chupp, was correct. 288 99. oliniae Pseudocercospora (Verwoerd & Dippenaar) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 9. Cercospora oliniae Verwoerd & Dippenaar, S. Afr. J. Sci. 27: 326 (1930). Leaf spots amphigenous, circular, brown, 0.5-3 mm diam. Mycelium internal. Caespituli hypophyllous, dark brown, up to 150 um wide, and 80 um high. Conidiophores arising from dark brown stromata in rich, dense _ fascicles, subcylindric, ampulliform, straight to geniculate p-smuous, 25-50 x 3-5 um, brown, smooth, 0-1-septate. Conidiogenous cells mono- to polyblastic, sympodial, conidial scars unthickened, inconspicuous, 10-25 x 3-5 um. Conidia solitary, olivaceous, smooth, guttulate, indistinctly 1-10-septate, cylindric, straight or curved, with a rounded apex and subtruncate base, guttulate, 20- 110 x 3-4.5 um. Specimens: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Olinia cymosa (Oliniaceae), B.J. Dippenaar, May 1929, (Verwoerd 391) PREM 46349 (holotype); Cape Province, Stellenbosch, O. cymosa, B.J. Dippenaar, Mar. 1929, PREM 46808; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, O. cymosa, B.J. Dippenaar, Feb. 1929, PREM 46807; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, O. cymosa, B.J. Dippenaar, Mar. 1929, PREM 34282. The olivaceous conidia with unthickened hila, and conidiogenous cells with unthickened scars suggest that Pseudocercospora i 1S the best genus to accommodate this taxon. 100. omphacodes Passalora (Ellis & Holway) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Figs 10-12. Cercospora omphacodes Ellis & Holway, J. Mycol. 1: 5 (1885). Cercospora phlogina Peck, N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 150: 24 (1911). Leaf spots 3-12 mm diam., circular to irregular, amphigenous, brown, becoming grey with a dark margm. Caespituli amphigenous, dark brown, up to 70 um wide, and 40 um high. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata through stomata, fascicles rich, dense, conidiophores 40-80 x 3-5 pm, 1- 3-septate, unbranched, flexuous, geniculate-sinuous, brown. Conidiogenous cells terminal, oltvaceous-brown, smooth, geniculate-sinuous, tapering to a rounded apex, 15-50 x 3-5 um, with slightly thickened, darkened, refractive conidial scars. Conidia olivaceous, cylindric-obclavate, indistinctly 1-5-septate, 289 Figs 10-13. Conidiophores and conidia of Passalora omphacodes and Pseudocercospora rogersoniana (bar = 10 wm). Figs 10-12. P. omphacodes, PREM 6836, NY holotype of Cercospora omphacodes, and NYS, holotype of C. phlogina, respectively. Fig. 13. P. rogersoniana (NY, holotype). 290 straight to mildly curved, apex obtuse, base obconic, with slightly thickened, darkened, refractive hila, 20-70 x 3-5 wm. Specimen: Natal, Cramond, Phlox drummondi (Polemoniaceae), Hill, Mar. 1913, PREM 6836. Local material, type specimens (Cercospora phlogina Peck, on Phlox sp., USA, Floral Park, N.Y., 28 Jun. 1900, Steward, NYS, holotype; C. omphacodes Ellis & Holw., on Phlox divaricata, USA, Iowa, Decorah, 31 Aug. 1884, Holway, NY, holotype) and numerous additional collections from NY, including Barth., Fungi Columb. 4707 and Ellis & Everh., North Am. Fung. 2975, have been examined. The conidial scars were slightly thickened, conspicuous, somewhat darkened, refractive, and thus typical of Passalora. Braun & Rogerson (1993) referred a superficially similar collection on Phlox longifolia to C. omphacodes. The leaf spots and conidia are similar to that of the latter taxon. The conidial scars are, however, unthickened, and inconspicuous. Hence, this collection represents an undescribed species’ of Pseudocercospora, distinct from Passalora omphacodes in the following microscopical features: Mycelium internal, hyphae septate, branched, subhyaline, 1-2.5 um wide. Stromata well- developed, 25-80 um in diam., somewhat coloured, pale yellowish olivaceous. Conidiophores numerous, in loose to usually dense fascicles, arismg from stromata, through stomata, filiform, 20-80 x 2-4 um, unbranched, flexuous, septate, smooth, subhyaline to pale olivaceous, apically often slightly geniculate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, polyblastic, conidial scars mconspicuous, unthickened. Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, narrowly obclavate or clavate, 15-55 x 3-3.5 um, almost hyaline to pale olivaceous, smooth, apex obtuse, base more or less truncate, hila neither thickened nor darkened. A few superficial hyphae, arising through stomata, have been observed. However, it is not clear if they belong to the same fungus. The Pseudocercospora species on Phlox is described as follows: Zon Pseudocercospora rogersoniana U. Braun & Crous sp. nov. (Pseudonym: Pseudocercospora omphacodes (Ellis & Holw.) U. Braun & C.T. Rogerson, Mycotaxon 46: 267, 1993). _—_— Fig. 13. Etym.: C.T. Rogerson, North American Mycologist. Mycelium immersum: hyphae septatae, ramosae, subhyalinae, 1- 2.5 um latae. Stromata bene evoluta, substomatalia, 25-80 um diam., pallide flavido-oltvacea. Conidiophora numerosa, saepe dense fasciculata, per stroma emergentia, filiformia, 20-80 x 2-4 um, simplicia, flexuosa, septata, laevia, subhyalina vel pallide olivacea, ad apicem leniter geniculata. Cellulae conidiogenae terminaliae, polyblasticae, sympodiales. Cicatrices conidiales inconspicuae, non incrassatae. Conidia solitaria, subcylindrica, anguste obclavata or clavata, 15-55 x 3-3.5 wm, 0-3-septata, subhyalina vel pallide olivacea, laevia, ad apicem obtusa, basi plus minusve truncata, hila non incrassata, incoloria. Specimen: USA, Utah, Box Elder Co., Phlox longifolia (Polemoniaceae), C.T. Rogerson, 29 Jun. 1967, NY (holotype). 101. oryzae Cercospora Miyake, J. Coll. Agr. Imp. Univ. Tokoyo 2: 263 (1910). Holomorph: Sphaerulina oryzina Hara, Diseases of the rice plant Japan p. 144 (1918). Foreign specimen: Herbario Micologico, Colombia, Bogota, Oryza sativa (Poaceae), PREM 32861. Although Gorter (1977) reports this species from Northern Transvaal, no specimens could be located at PREM. 102. pachycarpi Passalora (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 14. Cercospora pachycarpi Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 889 (1948). Leaf spots angular, amphigenous, grey-brown, 3-20 mm diam. Mycelium internal. Caespituli predominantly epiphyllous, up to 70 um wide, and 40 um high. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, fascicles dense, rich, conidiophores 15-35 x 5-7 um, medium brown, becoming olivaceous toward apex, verruculose, irregular in width, straight to slightly curved, 1-3- septate. Conidiogenous cells verruculose, olivaceous, straight or slightly curved, with numerous terminal, slightly thickened, refractive, darkened conidial scars, 10-25 x 5-6 um. Conidia olivaceous, smooth, obclavate, straight or curved, 1-9-septate, 202 Figs 14, 15. Conidiophores and conidia of Passalora pachycarpi and Pseudocercospora pareirae (bar = 10 pm). Fig. 14. P. pachycarpi (PREM 2208). Fig. 15. P. pareirae (PREM 26314). 293 with obtuse apex and obconically truncate base, 20-130 x 4-6 um. Specimen: Transvaal, Pretoria, Wonderboom, Pachycarpus schinzianus (Asclepiadaceae), P. van der Bijl, 23 Mar. 1912, PREM 2208 (holotype). Chupp (1954) described the conidia as olivaceous. We examined the type and found them to also have slightly thickened, refractive hila. The olivaceous conidiogenous cells also have thickened, refractive scars. These features place this species in Passalora. 103. pallidissima Pseudocercospora (Chupp) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 149 (1976). Cercospora pallidissima Chupp, A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora, p. 350 (1954). Specimen: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit district, Smilax kraussiana (Smilacaeae), Jun. 1939, PREM 32922. Leaf spots of the local collection are round to irregular, 5-15 mm in diam., brown with a dark brown to red margin, and mostly convined by leaf veins. Conidiophores are not geniculate, and up to 30 um in length, while conidia are 3-6-septate, 25-65 x 2.5-4 um, closely fitting the description given by Chupp (1954). This is a new record for South Africa. 104. palmivora Stigmina (Sacc.) Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 49: 13 (1952). Exosporium palmivorum Sacc. apud Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gdns, p. 159 (1898). Cercospora preisii Bubak, (1903) nom. nud. Exosporium preissii Bubak, Ann. Mycol., Berl., 2: 400 (1904). Specimen: Natal, Zululand, Phoenix reclinata (Arecaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jul. 1953, PREM 40714 (specimen depauperate). 105. pareirae Pseudocercospora (Speg.) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 15. Cercospora pareirae Speg., Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires 20: 440 (1910). Leaf spots amphigenous, red-brown, 2-10 mm diam. Mycelium internal. Caespituli amphigenous, developing from stromata situated over stomata, brown, 35-50 um wide, and 40-70 pm high. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, fascicles dense, rich, divergent, medium brown, cylindric to geniculate- 294 sinuous, 0-3-septate, 30-60 x 4-5 um. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, olivaceous, straight or geniculate-siuous, proliferating sympodially or up to 4 times percurrently, 20-30 x 3.5-5 um; conidial scars unthickened, inconspicuous. Conidia solitary, pale olivaceous, smooth, obclavate with subobtuse apex and long obconic base, straight or slightly curved, indistinctly 3- 11-septate, 35-125 x 3-5.5 um; hila unthickened. Specimen: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Cissampelos mucronata (Menispermaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26314. In the South African specimen (verified by Chupp) conidia are pale olivaceous with vunthickened hila. Furthermore, conidiogenous cells proliferate sympodially as well as enteroblastically and percurrently, placing this species in Pseudocercospora. 106. pastinacae Passalora (Sacc.) U. Braun, Nova Hedwigia 55: 213 (1992). Cercospora apii var. pastinacae Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 442 (1886). Cercospora pastinacae (Sacc.) Peck, N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 157: 45 Cho 12) This fungus was reported by Doidge (1924) on Pastinaca sativa (Apiaceae), but no specimen could be located in PREM. 107. pastinacae Pseudocercosporella (P. Karst.) U. Braun, pote Hedwigia 56: 444 (1993). Cercosporella pastinacae P. Karst., Hedwigia 23: 63 (1884). Phyllosticta umbellatarum Rabenh., Fungi eur. exs. ad. nov., ser., cent. XII, No 1263, Dresden 1869 and Hedwigia 8: 89 (1869) nom. nud. Cylindrosporium pimpinellae var. pastinacae Sacc., Syll. Fung. 11: 583 (1895). Phloeospora laserpitii Bres., Fungi Trident., ser II, fasc. 8/10: 45 (1892). Cylindrosporium septatum Romell, in Sacc., Sy/l. Fung. 10: 503 (1892). Septoria laserpitii Cav., Bot. Centrlbl., p. 72 (1894). Cylindrosporium latifolii Magn., Hedwigia 39: 113 (1900). Septogloeum laserpitii (Bres.) Magn. (1.c., p. 111). Septogloeum septatum (Romell) Magn. (l.c., p. 113). Ramularia pastinacae (Krast.) Lindr. & Vestergr., in Lindr., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 22: 8 (1902). Cercospora pastinacina Solh., IJ. Biol. Monogr. 12: 45 (1929). Phloeospora septata (Romell) Maire, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 46: 241 (1930). 295 Cercoseptoria laserpitii (Bres.) Petr., Ann., Mycol. 38: 178 (1940). Cercosporella eremodauci Annalijev, Nov. sist. niz. rast. 1972: 197 (1972). Cercosporella physospermi Annalijev (1.c., p. 203). Pseudocercosporella laserpitii (Bres.) U. Braun, Nova Hedwigia 47: 348 (1988). Specimen: Natal, Cedara, Apium graveolens Linn. var. dulce D.C. (Apiaceae), 1 Jun. 1912, PREM 2099. Braun (1993a) states that this species occurs throughout Europe and Central Asia. This is the first report from South Africa. PREM 2099 also has material of Ramularia heraclei occurring on the same lesions. Mixed infections of these two species are common. 108. perfoliati Mycovellosiella (Ellis & Everh.) Muntajfiola, Lilloa 30: 201 (1960). Cercospora perfoliati Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 5: 71 (1889). Cercospora agerati F.L. Stevens, Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 19: 154 (1925). Ragnhildiana agerati (Stev.) Stevens & Solheim, Mycologia 23: 402 (1931). Cladosporium versicolor Bond, Ceylon J. Sci., sect. A, Botr., 12: 183 (1947). Ramularia agerati Sawada, Spec. Publ., Coll. Agric. natn. Taiwan Univ. 8: 190 (1959). Cercosporella coorgica Muthappa, Mycopath. Mycol. appl. 34: 194 (1968). | Specimen: Natal, south coast, outside Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), M.J. Morris, 27 Apr. 1990, PREM 51708. 109. persicariae Pseudocercospora (Yamam.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 150 (1976). Cercospora persicariae Yam., J. Soc. Trop. Agr. Formosa 6: 605 (1934). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit, Polygonum tomentosum (Polygonaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26011. Chupp (1954) mentions that the South African collection differed from the type in having narrower conidia. Examination showed conidiophores to be fasciculate, a feature reported as mostly absent (or 2-8 conidiophores per fascicle) by Chupp. However, conidia were well within the range reported for this species by Chupp, but were slightly narrower. The other species from 296 Taiwan on this host commented on by Chupp has been reallocated to Pseudocercospora as P. polygonicola (Kar & Mandal) Deighton. The South African collection seems to be intermediate between these two species. However, we feel that it is best retained in P. persicariae for the present. 119. personata Passalora (Berk. & Curt.) Shakil A. Khan & M. Kamal, Pakistan J. Sci. Res. 13: 188 (1961). Cladosporium personatum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 106 (1875). Cercospora personata (Berk. & Curt.) Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 1: 63 1885). Pa aa personatum (Berk.& Curt.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 112: 71 (1976). Septogloeum arachidis Raciborski, Z. PflKrankh. 8: 66 (1898). Cercospora arachidis Henn., Hedwigia 41: 18 (1902). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella berkeleyi W.A. Jenkins, J. Agric. Res. 56: 330 (1938). Specimens: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae), L. Verwoerd, Apr. 1923, PREM 45981; Transvaal, Hartebeespoort Exp. Sta., 4. hypogaea, J. Sellschop, May 1939, PREM 36704; Transvaal, Hartebeespoort Exp. Sta., A. hypogaea, J. Sellschop, May 1939, PREM 32137; Transvaal, Britstown, A. hypogaea, J. Sellschop, May 1939, PREM 32136; Transvaal, Pretoria, A. hypogaea, Hayward, 13 Mar. 1939, PREM 30654; Transvaal, Crecy, A. hypogaea, J. Sellschop, 7 Mar. 1939, PREM 30649; Transvaal, Nelspruit, A. hypogaea, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1931, PREM 26675; Transvaal, A. hypogaea, P. Dros, Mar. 1931, PREM 25924; Transvaal, A. hypogaea, W. Steen, 1 Apr. 1930, PREM 25364; Transvaal, Barberton, A. hypogaea, J.S. Parsons, 1 Apr. 1930, PREM 25363; Natal, Cedara, A. hypogaea, R.R. Staples, 17 Mar. 1923, PREM _ 17060; Natal, Pietermaritzburg, A. hypogaea, T. Ernleben, 22 Mar. 1922, PREM 15447; Transvaal, Pretoria, Skinners Court, A. hypogaea, Feb. 1910, PREM 993; Transvaal, Pretoria, Skinners Court, A. hypogaea, 26 Mar. 1911, PREM 1287; Natal, Mount Edgecombe, A. hypogaea, V.A. Wager, 17 Jun. 1944, PREM 34194. Foreign specimens: Tanganyika, A. hypogaea, J. Sellschop, May 1948, PREM 36703; Uganda, A. hypogaea, R.A. Driimmer, Nov. 1915, PREM 11945, 11946; Fungi Malayana C.F. Baker, A. hypogaea, Oct. 1913, PREM 9930; Mozambique, A. hypogaea, C.W. Howard, 8 Jun. 1908, PREM 978. 111. petuniae Cercospora (Saito) Muller & Chupp, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio de Janeiro 3: 96 (1936). Cercosporina petuniae Saito, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. 3: 271 (1931). 297 Cercospora petuniae Sandu-Ville & Serea, in Sandu- Ville ef al., Lucr. Sti. Inst. Agron. 1962: 94 (1962). nom. nud. Specimens: Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Petunia sp. (Solanaceae), P.S. Knox- Davies, May 1956, PREM 41629, 41530. 112. physalidis Cercospora Ellis, Am. Nat. 16: 810 (1882). Cercospora physalicola Ellis & Barth., Erythea 4: 28 (1896). Specimen: Natal, Cramond, Physalis sp. (Solanaceae), 1 May 1990, S. R. McLennan, PREM 51703. 113. piaropi Cercospora Tharp, Mycologia 9: 113 (1917). Specimens: Transvaal, Hectorspruit, Hichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae), M.J. Morris, Aug. 1986, PREM 49422, 49423. 114. pini-densiflorae Pseudocercospora (Hori & Nambu) Deighton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 88: 390 (1987). Cercospora pini-densiflorae Hori & Nambu, Tokyo J. Pl. Prot. 4: 353 1917). reso ey pini-densiflorae (Hori & Nambu) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 167 (1976). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella gibsonii Evans, Mycol. Pap. 153: 61 (1984). Specimens: Cape Province, Isidenge, Pinus radiata (Pinaceae), M.J. Wingfield, 14 Nov. 1984, IMI 296387, PREM 48216; Transvaal, Nelshoogte, P. radiata, M.J. Wingfield, 22 Nov. 1984, IMI 296388, PREM 48217; Transvaal, Sabie, D.R. De Wet Research Station, P. griffithii, M.J. Wingfield, 24 Nov. 1984, IMI 296389, PREM 48218. 115. pistiae Cercospora Nag Raj, Govindu & Thirumalachar, Sydowia 24: 299 (1970). Specimens: Eastern Transvaal, Sabie River, Kruger National Park, Pistia stratiotes (Araceae), M.J. Morris, 20 May 1988, PREM 51704; Eastern Transvaal, Sabie, Kruger National Park, P. stratiotes, C.J. Cilliers, 17 Feb. 1988, PREM 51705. | 116. plantaginis Cercospora Sacc., Michelia 1: 267 (1879). Cercospora plantaginella Tehon, Mycologia 16: 139 (1924). Specimen: Natal, canefield near Camperdown, Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae), M.J. Morris, 11 Feb. 1993, PREM 51706. 298 117. pouzolziae Pseudocercospora (Syd.) Guo & Liu, Acta Mycol. Sinica 11: 298 (1992). Fig. 16. Cercospora pouzolziae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33: 236 (1935). Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, 2-5 mm diam., red-brown, becoming grey in the centre. Caespituli epiphyllous, brown, arising from stromata, up to 70 um wide, and 40 um high. Conidiophores fasciculate, situated on stromata, fascicles dense, rich, olivaceous, straight, tapermg to a conic apex, 20-30 x 3-4.5 um. Conidiogenous cells olivaceous, unbranched, straight or slightly curved, smooth, cylindric with slight apical taper, proliferating sympodially or once percurrently, 10-25 x 3-4 um; conidial scars unthickened. Conidia olivaceous, solitary, smooth, cylindrical with slight apical taper, apex conic, base obconically truncate, indistinctly 4-8-septate, strongly curved, 25-110 x 3-4 um. Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Pouzolzia hypoleuca (Urticaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26013 (holotype). This species was observed to have olivaceous conidia by Chupp (1954). Guo & Liu (1992), redisposed it in Pseudocercospora. However, as they did not examine the holotype, we herewith include a description and illustration made from the type specimen. A homonym of C. pouzolziae was described by Sawada, but renamed Cercospora mysoriensis Thirum. & Chupp (Chupp, 1954), which is now also placed in Pseudocercospora (Deighton, 1976). 118. pretoriensis Cercospora Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 890 (1948). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Arcadia, Gomphrena_ globosa (Amaranthaceae), ?, 14 Apr. 1913, PREM 6593 (holotype); Transvaal, Pretoria, Arcadia, G. globosa, E.M. Doidge, Dec. 1909, PREM 775 (paratype); Transvaal, Pretoria, G. globosa, E.M. Doidge & A.M. Bottomley, 30 Nov. 1936, PREM 32789; Transvaal, Pretoria, Donkerpoort, G. globosa, E.M. Doidge & A.M. Bottomley, 27 Apr. 1937, PREM 32767, Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, G. globosa, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1932, PREM 26316; Transvaal, Pretoria, Skinners Court, G. globosa, 29 Nov. 1911, PREM 1937. 299 Figs 16-18. Conidiophores and conidia of Pseudocercospora pouzolziae, P. punctiformis and Passalora verbeniphila (bar = 10 pm). Fig. 16. P. pouzolziae (PREM 26013). Fig. 17. P. punctiformis (PREM 6642). Fig. 17. P. verbeniphila (PREM 41443). 300 This species has hyaline conidia with thickened hila, and dark, fasciculate conidiophores with thickened, refractive scars, confirming its status in Cercospora. Other South African collections of Cercospora gomphrenicola Speg. have been allocated to C. pretoriensis. 119. primulae Ramularia Thiim., Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. 28: 147 (1878). This species is reported by Doidge (1950) to occur on Primula polyantha (Primulaceae), but no specimens could be located at PREM. 120. proteae Batcheloromyces Marasas, van Wyk & Knox-Dav., J. S. Afr. Bot. 41: 43 (1975). Stigmina proteae (Marasas, van Wyk & Knox-Dav.) B. Sutton & Pascoe, Mycol. Res. 92: 214 (1989). Specimen: Cape Province, Stellenbosch, Protea cynaroides (Proteaceae), S. van Wyk, 15 Aug. 1973, PREM 44850 (holotype). Batcheloromyces Marasas, van Wyk & Knox-Davies (1975) was proposed as a new genus of dematiaceous hyphomycetes characterized by sporodochial conidiomata with short, integrated, discrete conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia by percurrent proliferation. The dark brown, verrucose conidia and conidiogenous cells with their irregular annellations make this a typical Stigmina sensu strictu as stated by Sutton & Pascoe (1989), who did not observe conidia to form im chains. However, an examination of fresh material showed that conidia are found in chains of two on older lesions, with several conidia having marginal frills at both ends. Sutton & Pascoe (1989) were correct in stating, however, that conidia could be 0(-1)-septate. Batcheloromyces should therefore be retamed as a monotypic genus distinguished from Stigmina by having conidia in chains. 121a. protearum Cercostigmina var. hakeae U. Braun & Crous, Sydowia 46: 206 (1994). Specimen: Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forest Station, Hakea saligna (Proteaceae), C. Roux, Apr. 1988, PREM 51117 (holotype). 121b. protearum Cercostigmina (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous var. protearum, Sydowia 46: 206 (1994). Cercospora protearum Cooke var. leucospermi Cooke, Grevillea 12: 39 (1883). 301 Stigmina protearum (Cooke) M.B. Ellis var. protearum, Mycol. Pap. 131: 6 (1972). Specimens: Cape Province, Kirstenbosch, Leucospermum reflexum (Proteaceae), P.S. van Wyk, 7 Jun. 1972, PREM 44848; Cape Province, Betty's Bay, L. conocarpodendron, P.S. van Wyk, 26 Mar. 1973, PREM 44847; Cape Province, Cape Town, behind St. James, Z. conocarpum, J.B. Pole Evans, 22 Dec. 1912, PREM 5570; Cape Province, L. conocarpum, J.B. Pole Evans, May 1883, PREM 3929. 121c. protearum Cercostigmina var. leucadendri (Cooke) U. Braun & Crous, Sydowia 46: 206 (1994). Cercospora protearum Cooke var. leucadendri Cooke, Grevillea 12: 39 (1883). Stigmina protearum var. leucadendri (Cooke) M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 131: 7 (1972). Specimen: Cape Province, Kirstenbosch, Leucadendron argenteum (Proteaceae), H. Pearson, 27 May 1914, PREM 8354. 122. pseudarthriae Pseudocercospora (Petch) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 151 (1976). Cercospora pseudarthriae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6: 250 (1917). Specimen: Transvaal, Nelspruit, Schagen, Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. var. hookeri (Fabaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, 13 Jul. 1936, PREM 32886. Leaf spots amphigenous, round to irregular, chlorotic yellow on lower surface, appearing yellow to red-brown on upper surface, not clearly delimited, 5-15 cm diam. Mycelium internal and external, olivaceous, smooth, 2-5 um diam. Caespituli hypophyllous, stroma absent. | Conidiophores unbranched, separate on secondary mycelium, smooth to verruculose, olivaceous, cylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous, 1-3- septate, 25-40 x 5-6 um. Conidiogenous cells ‘terminal, unbranched, olivaceous, cylindrical, tapering to an obtuse apex, polyblastic, 10-20 x 5-6 um. Conidia solitary, olitvaceous, verruculose, 0-6-septate, straight to curved, subcylindrical with an obtuse apex and obconically truncate base, 22-60 x 4-7 um. Because neither Chupp (1954) nor Deighton (1976) redescribed this species, a description based on the type specimen lodged at K (Ceylon, Peradeniya, Pseudarthria viscida, T. Petch No 4096, 30 Dec. 1913) is given above. The morphology of the local 302 collection closely matches that of the type. P. pseudarthriae is a new record for South Africa. 123. pseudokalanchoes Cercospora Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 205 (1994). Specimen: Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forestry Station, Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51121 (holotype). 124. psychotriicola Pseudocercospora (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 216 (1994). Cercospora psychotriicola Chupp & Doidge, Bothalia 4: 891 (1948). Specimens: Transvaal, Nelspruit, Mambatini Forest, Psychotria capensis (Rubiaceae), A.O.D. Mogg, 31 Mar. 1938, PREM 32773 (holotype); Northern Transvaal, Entabeni State Forest, Levubu, P. capensis, R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51119. Presently three Cercospora species have been descibed from Psychotria (Chupp, 1954), of which one, C. psychotriae Chupp & Viégas, occurs in Brazil (Viégas, 1945). However, the description given by Chupp (1954) suggests that this is not a species of Cercospora, as conidia were pale olivaceous. Furthermore, Viégas (1945) illustrated catenulate conidia. Hsieh & Goh (1990) distinguished C. psychotriae from the earlier described C. psychotriae Sawada (nom. nud., Art 36.1) by its non-fasciculate conidiophores. The same criterion can also be used to separate C. psychotriae Chupp & Viégas from Pseudocercospora psychotriicola (Chupp & Doidge) Crous & U. Braun. In an examination of the type specimen of C. psychotriae Chupp & Viégas lodged at Campinas in Brazil, conidiophores were found to be non-fasciculate, and the catenulate conidia olivaceous. Furthermore, the mycelium is mostly superficial, branched, brown and verruculose, suggesting that this collection would be better accommodated in Stenella Syd. The following new combination is therefore proposed: Stenella psychotriae (Chupp & Viégas) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. [Cercospora psychotriae Chupp & Viégas Bol. da Soc. Brasil de Agron. 8: 45 (1945) basionym; non Cercospora psychotriae Sawada Taiwan Agric. Res. Inst. Rept. 87: 86-87 (1944) nom. nud. ]. 303 Lesions amphigenous, discrete, circular to angular, pale to medium brown, bordered by a thin black line, 2-12 mm diam. Mycelium mostly superficial, brown, verruculose, stroma absent. Conidiomata hypophyllous, non-fasciculate. | Conidiophores arising from stomata, or forming on superficial hyphae; separate, erect, olivaceous-brown, verruculose, straight or once geniculate, 1-4-septate, 10-60 x 2.5-5 um. Conidia olivaceous, verruculose, cylindrical to obclavate, straight or curved, 1-6-septate, formed singly or in chains of 2, apex obtuse and base obconically truncate, frequently anastomosing, 15-125 x 2.5-5 pm. Specimen: BRAZIL; Sao Paulo, Campinas, Psychotria sp., A.P. Viégas, 23 Nov. 1941, SP 2644 (holotype). 125. pulviniformis Stigmina (Syd.) Hughes, Mycol. Pap. 49: 24 (1952). Brachysporium pulviniforme Syd., Ann. Mycol., Berl. 12: 267 (1914). Specimens: Cape Province, Cape Town, St. James, Rhus tomentosa (Anacardiaceae), G.B. Pole Evans, 22 Dec. 1912, IMI 37988 (holotype), PREM 5575 (isotype); Cape Province, Wellington, Rhus sp., E.M. Doidge, 11 Nov. 1910, PREM 71039. 126. punctata Pseudocercospora (Wakefield) B. Sutton, Mycol. Res. 97: 123-126 (1993). Septogloeum punctatum Wakefield, Bull. Misc. Inf., Kew. 4: 204 (1931). Specimen: Natal, Durban, Eugenia cordata (Myrtaceae), P.A. van der Bijl 323, holotype in Kew. 127. punctiformis Pseudocercospora Goh & W.H. Hsieh, Cercospora and similar fungi from Taiwan, p. 35 (1990). Cercospora punctiformis Sacc. & Roum., Rev. Mycol. 3: 29 (1881). Cercospora vincetoxici Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 8: 70 (1902), homonym. ig. 17. Leaf spots predominantly epiphyllous, circular, medium brown, 4-15 mm diam. Mycelium internal. Caespituli predomimantly epiphyllous, arising from brown stromata, up to 50 um wide, and 35 um high. Conidiophores arising from stromata, arranged in rich fascicles, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells fasciculate, olivaceous, smooth, tapering to a conic tip, cylindric to geniculate-sinuous, proliferating sympodially, 10-35 x 3-5 um; conidial scars unthickened. Conidia olivaceous, solitary, smooth, obclavate to cylindric, with an obtuse apex and long 304 obconic base, straight or mildly curved, indistinctly 3-10-septate, 20-100 x 3-5 um; conidial hila unthickened. Specimen: Natal, Isipingo, Cynanchum natalitium (Asclepiadaceae), E.M. Doidge, 13 May 1913, PREM 6642. Hsieh & Goh (1990) described P. punctiformis as a new species from Cynanchum formosanum. The Taiwan material closely resembles that found in South Africa. The latter, however, was originally described as Cercospora punctiformis Sacc. & Roum. Unfortunately this material was not checked by Hsieh & Goh (1990). To reallocate the South African collection to Pseudocercospora would now give rise to a later homonym. P. punctiformis Goh & W.H. Hsieh is valid, however, and should be accepted. 128. purpurea Pseudocercospora (Cooke) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 151 (1976). Cercospora purpurea Cooke, Grevillea 7: 34 (1878). Darvas & Kotzé (1987) reported this species to be responsible for causing a postharvest disease on fruit of Persea americana Mill. in the Northern Transvaal. 129. resedae Cercospora Fuckel, Hedwigia 5: 30 (1866). Virgasporium maculatum Cooke, Grevillea 3: 182 (1874). Cercospora resedae var. luteae Lobik, Bolezni Rast. 17: 195 (1928). Specimens: Transvaal, Barberton, Reseda odorata (Resedaceae), 30 Dec. 1907, PREM 7439; Cape Province, Kentani, Reseda sp., A. Pegler, 1916, PREM 9428. Foreign specimens: Syd., Mycotheca Germanica, R. /utea, A. Ludwig, 4 Sept. 1922, PREM 17639; Sacc., Mycotheca Veneta, R. odorata, Oct. 1877, PREM 6220; Briosi & Cavara, R. odorata, 1888, PREM 7915; ?, R. odorata, P. Vogel, 20 Sept. 1913, PREM 18249. Chupp (1954) also refers to a Cercospora resedae vat. mahonensis Fragoso (in litt.) as an additional synonym of C. resedae, and Pollack (1987) cites the variety C. resedae var. legionensis Losa Espana, which was not examined by Chupp. 305 130. rhapontici Cercospora Tehon & Daniels, Mycologia 17: 248 (1925). Although this species was reported from Rheum raponticum L. by Doidge et al. (1953), no reference specimen could be located at PREM. 131. rhoicissi Pseudocercospora (Syd. & P. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 152 (1976). Cercospora rhoicissi Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 10: 444 (1912). Specimens: Transvaal, Barberton, Rhoicissus erythroides (Vitaceae), C.P. Lounsbury, Mar. 1911, PREM 1275 (holotype); Transvaal, Pisanghoek, Zoutpansberg, R. cuneifolius, M. Bosman, 2 Jun. 1929, PREM 32898; Transvaal, Uitkyk farm nr. Nelspruit, Rhoicissus sp., B. Grobbelaar, 20 Mar. 1993, PREM 51652. 132. riachueli Pseudocercospora (Speg.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 129-131 (1976). Cercospora riachueli Speg., Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina 10: 38 (1880). Cercospora horiana Togashi & Katsuki, Sci. Repts. Yokohama Nat. Univ. Sect. IT, 1: 4 (1952). Specimen: Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Cissus sp. (Vitaceae), Mar. 1932, PREM 26178. 133. rhois Stigmina Crous & U. Braun, Sydowia 46: 221 (1994). Specimen: Natal, Mahai Gorge, Royal Natal National Park, Rhus discolor (Anacardiaceae), R.Y. Anelich, May 1988, PREM 51132 (holotype). 134. richardiae Ramularia Kalchbr., Grevillea 8, 23 (1880). (= anamorph of Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arn.). Specimen: Cape Province, Somerset East, Richardia albomaculata, (Rubiaceae), P. Mac Owen, 1875, PREM 22017. Braun (1990) examined the type, and found it to represent the anamorph state of Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Am., and to not be a species of Ramularia. 135. richardiicola Cercospora G.F. Atk., J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 8: 51 (1892) (as "richardiaecola"). Specimens: Cape Province, Knysna, Tzitzikama Park, Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, 31 Jan. 1966, PREM 7885; Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Zantedeschia sp., C. Schmutz, 27 Feb. 1938, PREM 306 30098; Transvaal, Pretoria, Zantedeschia sp., A. M. Bottomley, 15 Feb. 1921, PREM 14269-14271. Foreign specimen: Zimbabwe, Harare, Z. melansleuca, Townsend, 25 Feb. 1930, PREM 34261. 136. ricinella Cercospora Sacc. & Berl., Atti Ist. veneto Sci. 6: 721 (1885). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Ricinus sp. (Euphorbiaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26010. Foreign specimens: Tanganyika, Mwika, R. communis, 16 May 1927, PREM 43797, IMI 8011; Herb. Mycol., Bogota, Colombia, R. communis, G.J. Quintana, 24 Sept. 1938, PREM 645; Syd., Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Ceylon, Peradeniya, R. communis, T. Petch, Dec. 1913, PREM 15407; Rabenh.-G. Winter, Fungi Europaei, R. communis, C.H. Demetrio, 1883, PREM 3927. 137. robbenensis Stigmina Crous, C.L. Lennox & B. Sutton, Mycol. Res.: in press (1995). Specimen: Cape Province, Robben Island, Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), Sept. 1993, C.L. Lennox, PREM 51730. 138. rosicola Passalora (Pass.) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 54: in press (1995). Cercospora rosicola Passerini, Just's Bot. Jahresber. 3: 276 (1877) (as rosaecola). Cercospora rosigena Tharp, Mycologia 9: 114 (1917). Cercospora rosaecola var. undosa Davis, Wisc. Acad. Trans. 20: 405 (1921). Cercospora rosae van Hook, Jnd. Acad. Sci. Proc. 38: 131 (1929). Cercospora rosae-indiananensis van Hook, Ind. Acad. Sci. Proc. 39: 82 (1930). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella rosicola Davis ex Deighton, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 50: 328. Phaeosporella rosicola (Davies ex Deighton) Tomilin, Key to fungi of the genus Mycosphaerella Johans. p. 285 (1979). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Roodeplaat Experimental Station, Rosa sp. (Rosaceae), B.H. Boelema, May 1972, PREM 44700, Jul. 1972, PREM 44701; Natal, Harding, Rosa sp., H.G. Lennox, 17 Mar. 1947, PREM 35606. Foreign specimens: Briosi & Cavara, Rosa sp., 1888, PREM 7867; Sacc. Mycotheca Veneta, Rosa sp., Oct. 1877, PREM 6219; Herbario Micologica, Colombia, Rosa sp., C. Garces, 15 Aug. 1939, PREM 32857. 307 139. rubi Pseudocercospora (Sacc.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 152 (1976). Cercospora rubi Sacc., Nouv. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 8: 188 (1876). Cercospora septorioides Ellis & Everh., Field Columb. Mus. Bot. ser. 1: 94 (1896). Cercospora garbiniana Massalongo, Atti Mem. Acad. Agr. Sci. Lett. Verona ser. 4., 3: 147 (1902). Holomorph: Mycosphaerella confusa Wolf, Mycologia 28: 85 (1936). Mycosphaerella dubia Wolf nom. illegit. Specimens: Natal, Richmond, Rubus fructicosus (Rosaceae), M.J. Morris, 26 Dec. 1980, PREM 45912; Natal, Banhoek, Dwarsrivierhoek, R. fruticosus, M.J. Morris, 13 Jul. 1980, PREM 45911. Foreign specimen: Australia, N.S.W., Baulkham Hills, R. vulgaris, J. Walker, 29 May 1965, PREM 45241. Pseudocercospora rubi also has secondary mycelium that can colonise leaf hairs, and give rise to separate, single conidiophores. The foreign specimen PREM 45241 is distinct from the local collections in having wider, shorter conidia, and wider conidiophores. 140. rubro-tincta Passalora (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun, Mycotaxon 54: in press (1995). Cercospora rubro-tincta Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 20 (1887). Cercospora consobrina Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 19 (1887). Cercospora guliana Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 11: 565 (1913). Cercospora amygdali Riza, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 36: 191 (1920). Specimens: Transvaal, Klerksdorp, Rhenosterspruit, Prunus communis (Rosaceae), C. Badenhorst, 15 Mar. 1910, PREM 7779; Transvaal, Barberton, Louwscreek, P. communis, J. Bradbury, 1 Nov. 1929, PREM 24891; Cape Province, Knysna, P. communis, 12 Feb. 1930, PREM 34279; Cape Province, Sundays River Valley, Kirkwood, P. communis, Dr Knights- Rayson, Jan. 1933, PREM 26634; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, P. . communis, Jan. 1929, PREM 34378; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, P. communis, L. Verwoerd, Dec. 1928, PREM 46327; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, P. communis, B.J. Dippenaar, Jan. 1929, PREM 46809; Cape Province, Knysna, P. communis, Reinecke, 12 Feb. 1930, PREM 46827. 141. rumicis Ramularia Kalchbr. & Cooke, Grevillea 8: 23 (1880). : Ramularia decipiens Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 1: 70 (1885). Specimen: Cape Province, Somerset East, Rumex obtusifolius (Polygonaceae), MacOwen No. 1180, B (lectotype) and K (lectoisotype). 308 142. scitula Pseudocercospora (H. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 152 (1976). Cercospora scitula Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33: 236 (1935). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Annona sengalensis (Annonaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26027. 143. scolopiae Paracercospora Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 33 (1995). Specimen: Northern Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Scolopia zeyheri (Flacourtiaceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51122 (holotype). 144. sesami Cercospora Zimm., Ber. Land.-Forst. Deut.-Ostafr. 2: 28 (1904). Specimens: Natal, Zululand, Ceratotheca triloba (Pedaliaceae), P.S. Knox- Davies, 22 Jul. 1955, PREM 41442; Transvaal, Nelspruit, C. triloba, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Mar. 1932, PREM 26179; Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Pretrea zanguebarica, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26048. Foreign specimen: Fungi Malayana C.F. Baker, Philippines, Sesamum indicum, Jan. 1914, PREM 9333. 145. sorghi Cercospora Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 3: 15 (1887). Cercospora sorghi var. maydis Ellis & Everh., (Langlois 613). Cercospora andropogonis Sawada, nom. nud. (Goh & W.H. Hsieh, 1990). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Grasfontein, Wolwekop, Cymbopogon excavatus (Poaceae), 22 Feb. 1929, PREM 29953; Transvaal, Nelspruit, C. excavatus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, 21 Jul. 1936, PREM 32910; Transvaal, Nelspruit Research Station, C. afronardus, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1931, PREM 26061. Chupp (1954) states that he examined South African material collected from Cymbopogon excavatus Stapf. (Andropogon schoenanthus var. versicolor Steud.) and Cymbopogon afronardus Stapf. Pollack (1987) also lists a var. cymbopogonis Govindu & Thirumalachar, described from Cymbopogon caesium in India. In the description of Govindu & Thirumalachar (1954), the authors distinguish this variety from R. sorghi by the uniseptate conidiophores and poorly developed stroma. The illustration shows conidiophores to be strongly fasciculate, with 309 darkened, refractive conidiogenous loci, agreeing with that of Ellis (1976). Chupp (1954) mentions the possibility that the var. maydis may prove to be different from the strains on Sorghum due to negative results obtained in pathogenicity studies. 146. stizolobii Pseudocercospora (Syd. & P. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 153 (1976). Cercospora stizolobii Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 11: 270 (1913). Cercospora lussoniensis Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 12: 314 (1914). Cercospora mucunae-ferrugineae Yamamoto, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 141 (1934). Cercospora mucunae-capitatae Sawada, Formosa Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. 85: 116 (1943). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Stizolobium deeringianum (Fabaceae), G.J.M.A. Gorter, 11 Apr. 1956, PREM 41548. Foreign specimens: Zimbabwe, Harare, S. deeringianum, J.C. Hopkins, 8 Apr. 1941, PREM 33969; Fungi Malayana C.F. Baker, S. deeringianum, Nov. 1913, PREM 11397. 147. timorensis Pseudocercospora (Cooke) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 154 (1976). Cercospora timorensis Cooke, Grevillea 12: 38 (1883). Ramularia batatae Raciborski, Paras. Algen. v. Pilze Javas 1: 35, Batavia (1900). Cercospora batatae Zimm., Ber. Land.-Forstw. Deutsch. Ostafr. 2: 28 (1904). Cercospora batatae P. Henn., Bot. Jahrb. von Engler 38: 118 (1907). Specimen: Natal, Gilletts, Jpomoea cymosa (Convolvulaceae), V.A. Wager, 1956, PREM 41659. 148. transvaalensis Pseudocercospora (Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 154 (1976). Cercospora transvaalensis Syd. Ann. Mycol. 33: 237 (1935). Specimen: Transvaal, Barberton, Nelspruit Research Station, Acalypha petiolaris (Euphorbiaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, May 1931, PREM 26002 (holotype). 149. tripolitana Cercospora Sacc. & Trotter, Ann. Mycol. 11: 419 (1913). Cercospora barrasii Frag., Trab. Mus. Nac. Cien. Nat. Madrid Ser. Bot. 9: 68 (1916). 310 Cercospora emicis Pat., in Pitard, Contribution a I’ étude de la flore du Maroc, p. 73 (1931). Specimen: Cape Province, Alexandria, Addo National Park, Emex australis (Polygonaceae), B.A. Louwrens, Jul. 1962, PREM 42546. Cercospora tripolitana is a new record for South Africa. 150. vaginae Mycovellosiella (Kriger) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 144: 26 (1979). Cercospora vaginae Kriger, Ber. Vers. Stat. Zuckerr. West Java. 1: 64 (1890). Doidge (1950) reports this species on Saccharum officinarium (Poaceae). No material could be located at PREM. 151. verbeniphila Passalora (Speg.) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Fig. 18. Cercospora verbeniphila Speg., Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Repub. Argentine 29: 179 (1926). Leaf spots irregular on leaves, elliptic on stems (2-4 mm diam.), dark brown to black on stems, yellow-brown on leaves. Mycelium internal. Caespituli hypophyllous, brown, up to 70 um wide and 60 um high, forming on well developed stromata. Conidiophores fasciculate, arising from stromata, fascicles rich and dense, conidiophores 15-40 x 3-5 wm, brown, smooth, tapering to a rounded apex, straight, 0-1-septate. Conidiogenous cells olivaceous brown, straight, with conspicuous, very slightly thickened, somewhat darkened, refracttve, terminal conidial scars, 10-25 x 3.5-4 um. Conidia olivaceous, obclavate, straight to slightly curved, 2-6-septate, base obconically truncate, apex rounded, 2.5-4 x 20-60 um, hila very slightly thickened, somewhat darkened. Specimen: Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Verbena bonariensis (Verbenaceae), P.S. Knox-Davies, 10 Jun. 1955, PREM 41443. The pale olitvaceous conidia with somewhat thickened hila, and conidiogenous cells with slightly thickened, refractive scars place this species in Passalora. 311 152. verruculosa Camptomeris (Syd.) Bessey, Mycologia 45: 373 (1953) Fig. 19. Stigmina verruculosa Syd., Ann. Mycol. 10: 444 (1912). Leaf spots pale to light brown, irregular, amphigenous, up to 3 mm in diam. Mycelium internal, hyphae hyaline to pale olivaceous, septate, up to 3 um wide, giving rise to fructifications situated over stomata. Fructifications amphigenous, arising from pseudoparenchymatal cells in the substomatal cavity, punctiform, round in diameter, brown, forming a subhyaline vesicular cell up to 40 um in diam., giving rise to conidiophores, attached to round, refractive scars on the vesicle. Conidiophores straight, verruculose, becoming curved at the apex, medium brown to brown, cylindrical with an obtuse apex, 0-1(-2)-septate, 20-60 x 9-12 wm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, medium brown, verruculose, cylindrical, straight, or strongly curved if on lateral conidiophores, 20-30 x 9-12 um, with 3 apical, thickened, darkened, refractive, slightly protruding conidial scars. Conidia solitary, simple, obclavate with an obtuse apex and obconically truncate base, straight to slightly curved, medium brown, verruculose, 1-4-distoseptate, 15-50 x 6-10 um, with a thickened, refractive, darkened hilum. Specimens: Natal, Harden Heights, Umvoti, Acacia mearnsii (as A. mollissima) (Fabaceae), J.B. Pole Evans, 11 Apr. 1911, PREM 1382, ex Herb. Syd. at S (holotype); Natal, Harden Heights, A. mearnsii, J.B. Pole Evans, 13 Feb. 1913, PREM 5647; Natal, Seven Oaks, Acacia sp., J.B. Osborn, 14 Mar. 1928, PREM 23199; Cape Province, Cape Flats, A. saligna, M. Morris, 14 Oct. 1985, PREM 49004; Natal, Sutton, Ixopo, 4. mearnsii, M.J. Wingfield, 8 Apr. 1986, PREM 4900S. Hughes (1952) regarded Stigmina verruculosa as a synonym of Camptomeris albizziae (Petch) Mason. However, he refrained from making the new combination. Bessey (1953) stated that Hughes was incorrect in regarding the two fungi as synonymous, as conidiophores of C. albizziae usually bore several conidia, compared to that of C. verruculosa which rarely bore more than one. An examination of the types of these two fungi in the present study confirmed them to be distinct. In Camptomeris albizziae the fructifications appear looser than those of C. 12 Figs 19, 20. Conidiophores and conidia of Camptomeris spp. (bar = 10 ym). Fig. 19. C. verruculosa (PREM 1382). Fig. 20. C. albizziae (K 2589). 313 verruculosa, the conidiophores are also longer, and have more and slightly wider scars on the conidiogenous cells (Fig. 20). Furthermore, the conidiophores and conidia are darker in colour, and the conidia also have a more prominent apical taper than those of C. verruculosa. It may be possible that C. verruculosa is restricted to South Africa, where it occurs quite commonly on Acacia mearnsii. 153. violae Cercospora Sacc., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 8: 187 (1976). Cercospora violae-tricoloris Briosi & Cavara, Atti Ist. Bot. Pavia. 2: 285 (1892). Cercospora violae var. minor Rota-Rossi, Atti Ist. Bot. Pavia. ser. 2. 13: 199 (1914). Cercospora kiusana Sawada, Formosan Agr. Res. Inst. Rept. 85: 126 1943). panier difformis Tehon, Mycologia 40: 322 (1948). Specimens: Transvaal, Pretoria, Sunnyside, Viola odorata (Violaceae), J.B. Pole Evans, 26 May 1913, PREM 6678; Cape Province, Stellenbosch, /. odorata, L. Verwoerd, Mar. 1927, PREM 46270; Cape Province, Alexandria, Addo National Park, V. odorata, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jul. 1962, PREM 43138; Transvaal, Pretoria, Viola sp. P.H.B. Talbot, Jun. 1952, PREM 40486; Cape Province, Knysna, V. odorata, Laughton, ?, PREM 34216; Transvaal, V. odorata, A. Hean, 16 Nov. 1940, PREM 33490; Transvaal, V. odorata, A.M. Bottomley, 14 Apr. 1942, PREM 33444; Natal, Donnybrook, Hopevale, ’. odorata, Morgan, 12 May 1936, PREM 28610; Cape Province, Fort Hare, Lyle, 4 Apr. 1930, PREM 25422; Transvaal, Potchefstroom, V. odorata, ?, 1925, PREM 23495; Cape Province, V. odorata, G. Imraef, 4 Aug. 1927, PREM 22343; Transvaal, Pretoria, V. odorata, V.A. Wager, 2 May 1927, PREM 21580; Natal, Cramond, V. odorata, J.B. Pole Evans, 11 Apr. 1911, PREM 1497; Transvaal, Pretoria, Faures Garden, V. odorata, 4 Jan. 1904, PREM 884; Cape Province, Claremont, V. odorata, ?, PREM 741; Transvaal, Barberton, ?, 20 Dec. 1907, PREM 440. Foreign specimens: Zimbabwe, Harare, V. odorata, G. Mitchell, 17 May 1930, PREM 34264; Krieger Schadliche Pilze, Krieger, 1876, PREM 21740; Zimbabwe, Harare, V. odorata, F. Eyles, Feb. 1920, PREM 14015; Mozambique, V. odorata, C.W. Howard, 16 Jan. 1909, PREM 651; Briosi & _Cavara No. 185, V. tricolor, 1891, PREM ?. 314 154, vitis Pseudocercospora (Lév.) Speg., An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires 20: 438 (1910). Septonema vitis Lév., Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., ser. 3, 9: 261 (1848). Cladosporium vitis (Lév.) Sacc., Mycol. venet. n. 284 (1875). Cercospora vitis (Lév.) Sacc., Nuovo G. bot. ital. 8: 188 (1876). Helminthosporium vitis (Lév.) Pirotta, Rev. Mycol. 11: 185 (1889). Phaeoisariopsis vitis (Lév.) Sawada, Rep. Dep. Agric. Govt. Res. Inst. Formosa 2: 164 (1922). Cercosporiopsis viticolum Ces., Flora 38: 206 (1854). Cercospora viticola (Ces.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 458 (1886). Cladosporium ampelinum Pass., Erb. critt. ital. ser. 2,n. 595 (1872). Graphium clavisporium Berk. & Cooke, Grevillea 3: 100 (1874). Isariopsis clavispora (Berk. & Cooke) Sacc., Syl]. Fung. 4: 631 1886). eee vitis (Lév.) Sacc. var. rupestris Cif., Ann. Mycol. 20: 45 1922). Hoenn Mycosphaerella personata Higgins, Am. J. Bot. 16: 287 (1929). Specimens: Transvaal, Rustenburg, Buffelspoort, Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), A.M. Bottomley, 5 May 1939, PREM 32701; ?, V. vinifera, PREM 34493; Transvaal, Pretoria, V. vinifera, A.M. Bottomley, Mar. 1941, PREM 33489; Natal, V. vinifera, Jan. 1911, PREM 1087; Orange Free State, Modder River, V. vinifera, F. Dreyer, 11 Apr. 1907, PREM 283; Cape Province, Kingwilliamstown, V. vinifera, Mar. 1908, PREM 462; Transvaal, Middelburg, V. vinifera, 3 Mar. 1909, PREM 612; Cape Province, Kingwilliamstown, V. vinifera, Feb. 1911, PREM 1173; Cape Province, Kingwilliamstown, V. vinifera, C.W. Mally, 20 Feb. 1911, PREM 1182; Cape Province, Kentami, V. vinifera, A. Pegler, 26 May 1916, PREM 9740; Natal, Eshowe, V. vinifera, J.B. Pole Evans, 30 Jan. 1912, PREM 2025; Transvaal, Waterberg, Vaalwater, Vitis sp., J. Farrant, 27 Apr. 1939, PREM 30765; Transvaal, Pretoria, V. vinifera, A.M. Bottomley, 27 Nov. 1939, PREM 32636; Natal, Verulam, Vitis sp., James, 8 Jan. 1941, PREM 33299; Transvaal, Pretoria, V. vinifera, A.M. Bottomley, Jan. 1944, PREM 34046. Foreign specimens: Flora Exsiccata Austro-Hungarica, V. vinifera, Thim., PREM 22578, 4898; USA, Illinois, V. vinifera, Burrill, PREM 49977; Sacc. Mycotheca Veneta, V. vinifera, Sept. 1874, PREM 5733; Briosi & Cavara, Vitis sp., Nov. 1889, PREM 7946; Swaziland, Ezulweni, Vitis sp., S.A. Douglas, 25 Feb. 1932, PREM 26378. 155. withaniae Pseudocercospora (Syd. & P. Syd.) Deighton, Mycol. Pap. 140: 155 (1976). Cercospora withaniae Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 10: 444 (1912). B15 Specimen: Natal, Durban, Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), E.M. Doidge, 7 Jul. 1911, PREM 1672 (holotype). 156. zeae-maydis Cercospora Tehon & Daniels, Mycologia. 17: 248 (1925). Gray leaf spot of maize has recently been reported from Natal by Gevers et al. (1994). 157. zinniae Cercospora Ellis & Martin, J. Mycol. 1: 20 (1885). Cercospora atricincta Heald & Wolf, Mycologia 3: 14 (1911). Cercospora zinniae Takah. & Yosh, Plant Protect. Tokyo 7: 17 (1953) nom. nud. Doidge (1950) lists this species on Zinnia elegans (Asteraceae). However, no specimen could be located at PREM. 158. zinniae Ramularia Crous & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 99: 35 (1995). Specimen: Northern Transvaal, Louis Trichardt, Hangklip Forestry Station, Zinnia peruviana (Asteraceae), R.Y. Anelich, Apr. 1988, PREM 51130 (holotype). 159. zizyphi Pseudocercospora (Petch) Crous & U. Braun comb. nov. Cercospora zizyphi Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya, Part 5, 4: 306 (1909). Leaf spots circular, amphigenous, 2-4 mm diam., brown, with a light brown centre and dark brown margin. Caespituli predominantly epiphyllous, brown, up to 45 um wide and 50 um high, originating from stromata. Conidiophores situated on stromata, fasciculate or solitary on secondary mycelium; fascicles dense, rich, olivaceous, reduced to conidiogenous cells or a supporting cell. Conidiogenous cells termimal, olivaceous, smooth, cylindrical, tapering to a narrowly subtruncate apex, straight or geniculate-sinuous, sympodial, 15-40 x 3-4.5 pm. Conidia solitary, smooth, oltvaceous, straight to mildly curved, 3-9-septate, obclavate with a subacute apex and obconically truncate base, 25-120 x 3-4.5 um. Specimens: Transvaal, Tzaneen, Zizyphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae), L.C.C. Liebenberg, Jun. 1939, PREM 32726; Transvaal, Nelspruit, Z. mucronata, L.C.C. Liebenberg, 12 Jul. 1936, PREM 32880; Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Z. mucronata, L.C.C. Liebenberg, 4 Jul. 1936, PREM 32876; 316 Fig. 21. Conidiophores and conidia of Pseudocercospora zizyphi (PREM 32726, bar = 10 um). Bie Transvaal, Schagen, Nelspruit, Z. mucronata, L.C.C. Liebenberg, Apr. 1932, PREM 26347. Chupp (1954) mentions that conidia of this species are subhyaline. An examination of the South African collections showed them to be better accommodated in Pseudocercospora. P. zizyphi has longer and wider conidia than P. ziziphicola (Yen) Yen occurring on Zizyphus jujuba in Taiwan (Hsieh & Goh, 1990). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Ms A.P. Baxter and I. Rong at the National Collection of Fungi, Pretoria (PREM) for placing specimens at our disposal for study. Profs. Mike Wingfield (Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, South Africa) and Bryce Kendrick(8727 Lochside Drive, Sydney, B.C., Canada) are thanked for a crytical reading of the script. REFERENCES Amold, T.H. & De Wet, B.C. (1993). Plants of Southern Africa: names and distribution. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of Southern Africa 62: 1-825. Arx, J.A., von. (1983). Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wettenschappen, Ser. C: Biological and Medical Sciences 86, 15-54. Bessey, E.A. (1953). Notes on the genus Camptomers, fungi imperfecti. Mycologia 54, 364-390. Braun, U. (1988a). Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (1). International Journal of Mycolology and Lichenology 3: 271-285. Braun, U. (1988b). Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (2). Nova Hedwigia 47: 335-349. 318 Braun, U. (1989). Cercospora-like fungi on Cassia. International Journal of Mycolology and Lichenology 4: 191-204. Braun, U. (1990). Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (3). Nova Hedwigia 50: 499-521. Braun, U. (1991). Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (4). Nova Hedwigia 53: 291-305. Braun, U. (1993a). Studies on Ramularia and allied genera (6). Nova Hedwigia 56: 423-454. Braun, U. (1993b). Taxonomic notes on some species of the Cercospora complex (3). Mycotaxon 48: 275-298. Braun, U. (1994). New genera of phytopathogenic Deuteromycetes. Cryptogamic Botany 4: 107-114. Braun, U. & Feiler, U. (1995). Cladophialophora and _ its teleomorph. Microbiological Research (in press). Braun, U. & Rogerson, C.T. (1993). Phytoparasitic hyphomycetes from Utah (USA). Mycotaxon 46: 263- 274. Brown, L.G. & Morgan-Jones, G. (1976). Notes on hyphomycetes. 11. Additions to the genera Cercosporidium, Passalora and Phaeoisariopsis. Mycotaxon 4: 299-306. Castafieda, R.F. & Braun, U. (1989). Cercospora and allied genera of Cuba (1). Cryptogamic Botany 1: 42-55. Chupp, C. (1954). A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, New York. Published by the author. Chupp, C. & Doidge, E.M. (1948). | Cercospora species recorded from South Africa. Bothalia 4: 881-893. Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (1994). Cercospora species and similar fungi occurring in South Africa. Sydowia 46: 204- 224. Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (1995). Cercospora species and similar fungi of South Africa. Mycological Research 99: 31-36. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Marasas, W.F.O. & Sutton, B.C. (1989). Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum sp. nov. on Eucalyptus leaves. Mycological Research 93: 394-498. Darvas, J.M. & Kotzé, J.M. (1987). Fungi associated with pre- and postharvest diseases of avocado fruit at Westfalia Estate, South Africa. Phytophylactica 19: 83-85. Sl) Deighton, F.C. (1967). New names in Mycosphaerella (M. arachidis and M. pruni-persicae) and validation of M. rosicola. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 50: 328-329. Deighton, F.C. (1971). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 3. Centrospora. Mycological Papers 124: 1-13. Deighton, F.C. (1973). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 4. Cercosporella Sacc., Pseudocercosporella gen. nov.. and Pseudocercosporidium gen. nov. Mycological Papers 133: 1-62. Deighton, F.C. (1974). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 5. Mycovellosiella Rangel, and new _ species of Ramulariopsis. Mycological Papers 137: 1-73. Deighton, F.C. (1976). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 6. Pseudocercospora Speg., Pantospora Cif. and Cercoseptoria Petr. Mycological Papers 140: 1-168. Deighton, F.C. (1979). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 7. New species and dispositions. Mycological Papers 144: 1-56. Deighton, F.C. (1983). Studies on Cercospora and allied genera. 8. Further notes on Cercoseptoria and some new species and redispositions. Mycological Papers 151: 1-13. Deighton, F.C. (1987). New species of Pseudocercospora and Mycovellosiella, and new combinations into Pseudocercospora and Mycovellosiella. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88: 365-391. Deighton, F.C. (1990). Observations on Phaeoisariopsis. Mycological Research 94: 1096-1102. Doidge, E.M. (1924). A preliminary check list of plant diseases occurring in South Africa. Botanical Survey of South Africa, Memoir 6: 1-56. Doidge, E.M., Bottomley, A.M., van der Plank, J.E. & Pauer, G.D. (1953). A revised list of plant diseases in South Africa. Union of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Science Bulletin 346: 1-122. Doidge, E.M. (1950). The South African Fungi and Lichens to the end of 1945. Bothalia 5: 1-1094. Ellis, M.B. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. International Mycological Institute, Surrey, England. Ellis, M.B. (1976). More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. International Mycological Institute, Surrey, England. 320 Gevers, H.O., Lake, J.K. & Hohls, T. (1994). Diallel cross analysis of resistance to gray leaf spot in Maize. Plant Disease 78: 379-383. Gorter, G.J.M.A. (1977). Index of plant pathogens and the diseases they cause in cultivated plants m South Africa. Department of Agriculture Technical Services, Science Bulletin 392. Gorter, G.J.M.A. (1982). Supplement to index of plant pathogens and the diseases they cause in cultivated plants in South Africa. Department of Agriculture Technical Services, Supplement to Science Bulletin 392. Govindu, H.C. & Thirumalachar, M.J. (1954). Notes on some Indian Cercosporae. 4. Sydowia 8: 221-230. Guo, Y.-L. & Liu X.-J. (1992). Studies on the genus Pseudocercospora i China Il. Acta Mycol. Sinica 11: 125-133. Hsieh, W.H. & Goh, T.K. (1990). Cercospora and similar fungi from Taiwan. Maw Chang Book Company, Taipei, Tatwan, Republic of China. Kobayashi, T. (1984). Notes on fungi parasitic to woody plants in Paraguay. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan 25: 255-273. Lamprecht, S.C. & Knox-Davies, P.S. (1984). Preliminary survey of foliage diseases of annual Medicago spp. mn South Africa. Phytophylactica 16: 177-183. Marasas, W.F.O., Van Wyk, P.S. & Knox-Davies, P.S. (1975). Batcheloromyces, a new genus of annellidic ‘dematiaceous hyphomycetes on Protea cynaroides in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 41: 41-45. Morris, M.J. (1989). Host specificity studies of a leaf spot fungus, Phaeoramularia sp., for the biological control of crofton weed (Ageratina adenophora) in South Africa. Phytophylactica 21: 281-283. Morris, M.J. & Crous, P.W. (1994). New and interesting records of South African fungi. 14. Cercosporoid fungi from weeds. South African Journal of Botany 60:325- eee, Pollack, F.G. (1987). An annotated compilation of Cercospora names. Mycological Memoir 12: 1-212. 321 Pons, N. & Sutton, B.C. (1988). Cercospora and similar fungi on yams (Dioscorea species). Mycological Papers 160: 1-78. Sutton, B.C. & Pascoe, IG. (1989). Reassessment of Peltosoma, Stigmina and _ Batcheloromyces and description of Hyphothyrium gen. nov. Mycological Research 92: 210-222. Viégas, A.P. (1945). Alguns fungos do Brasil - Cercosporae. Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Agronomia 8: 1-160. Wager, V.A. (1972). Records of diseases of ornamental plants not previously reported in South Africa. Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Technical Services, Technical Communication 100: 1-14. Walker, J., Sutton, B.C. & Pascoe, IG. (1992). Phaeoseptoria eucalypti and similar fungi on Eucalyptus, with description of Kirramyces gen. nov. (Coelomycetes). Mycological Research 96: 911-924. ies Pl Nhe a : Ay Prt Meat ry oe sipinalitcnan eek aa! * aa Daivalt ae i bas ta Ao ney Ye vate . via). La i hy get Yo a iM ‘ teal) ] Nb 8 aii ay Fie! er li nna y 3g Ay Wg ee I iy ts a : a) oi Sy ” a wa ay i Te LH w) f cae We ; ee hia ae 7 iy ( rater, pes 2 A aN ify hoes hi ee in a ia CL hle rd iY nh ed 48 is . : Wert La ; a I, . Fiay? i =, ‘ cane Ae ih , La eg vit Hern Leet aa I Pa ibe aN) ne sf hei M Ny ie He OL Te ay Wns te Led 81 Len ae ‘a rei | <7 neh a ae ee SNE AN Ne naan Da a a og) f | ry ihe ie a P) tn 5 d cea Ny nin my les ie oe erie RMA tl Aa pany ye me : me ve AMP fe aN ¢ ed ; ein a y Latur we : evi ‘i ni a fy, ; hae vy, | , any nie % t ue ue ae bu ui a aah a) wise 4 a ae iv yh i ‘h ‘ aS ma of me 1M : ia) ty f ‘ Huis Ay Haka n iy y o (hg i fh 4, Ve ay “A ce ie at, cen MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 323-328 January-March 1996 CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF WOOD-ROTTING FUNGIIN BRAZIL... CHECKLIST OF FUNGI FROM MARACA ISLAND, RORAIMA STATE. MARIA APARECIDA DE JESUS Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia CPPF/INPA.Cx.Postal 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Brazil. ABSTRACT A checklist of 64 wood-rotting fungi species from the Maraca Island is _pro- vided as well as the distribution of the fungi in each substrat. Most of these species are cited for the first time for the Roraima State and Kavinia alboviridis (Morgan.) Gilbn. & Bulding., Leucogyrophana romellii Ginns, L. subillaqueata (Kitsch.) Jil., Scytinostroma cfr. duriusculum (Berk. & Br.) Donk, S. odoratum (Fr.) Donk, S. hemidichophyticum Pouzar, S. rhizomorpharum Rattan and Vuilleminia comedens (Nees: Fr.) Maire are new records for South America. INTRODUCTION This study was undertaken to identify a collection of wood-rotting fungi depos- ited in the Wood Pathology Laboratory of CPPF/INPA. The collection was made during a general ecological survey in Maraca Ecological Station sponsored by National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA/Roraima). A checklist of 64 species is presented. MATERIAL METHODS The study area is located in the Maraca Ecological Station (3° 30' N and 61° 30' W). The local climate is of the seasonal tropical type, with monthly tempera- tures in the range of 26-29° C. Annual rainfall is approximately 1900-2000 mm, mostly between April and August (EDEN et alii, 1991). All collections were made in the period of 19-22 July, 1989. Genera and spe- cies are listed alphabetically within each family. After the name the following abbreviations are used to designate reference specimens: LPM= Wood Pathol- ogy Laboratory, M= Maraca Island and host information: A= Living tree, B= Naturally fallen tree, C= Fallen branch, D= Building wood, E= Sawmill wood 324 and S= palm tree. Those species preceded by an (*) have not been previously recorded in Brazil. All specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz6énia/INPA, Manaus. References used include CUNNINGHAM (1963); ERIKSSON & RYVARDEN (1973, 1975, 1976); ERIKSSON; HJORTSTAM and RYVARDEN (1978, 1981) ; GILBERTSON & RY VARDEN (1987) and HALLENBERG & ERIKSSON (1985). RECORDS AND DISCUSSION Checklist of wood-rotting fungi species from Maraca Island with host data TRICHOLOMATACEAE Favolus sp (LPM0921MB, LPM0978MB) Panus badius (Berk.) Sing. (LPM0896MB) Panus rudis Fr. (LPM0949MB) CORTICIACEAE Acanthophysium sp (LPM960MB) Aleurodiscus aurantium (Fr.) Schroet. (LPM0975MC) Aleurodiscus sp (LPMO0911MB) Botryobasidium obtusisporum Erikss. * (LPM0877MB) Ceraceomerulius rubicundus (Litsch.in Pilat.)Erikss.* (LPM0915MC) Cystidiodontia artocreas (Berk & Curt.ex Cke.) Hjortst. (LPM0903MB, LPM0970MB, LPM0893MB) Fibricitum rude (Karst.) Jil. (LPM0981MC) Fibrodontia gossypina Parm. (LPM0948MB) Fibulomyces mutabilis (Bres.) Jil. (LPM089 1) Gloeocystidiellum convolvens (Karst.) Donk * (LPM0982MC) Hyphochnicium lundellii (Bourd.) Erikss. (LPM0883MS) S20 Hyphodontia sp (LPM0897MB, LPM0958MB, LPM0961MB, LPM0977MC) Leucogyrophana romellii Ginns (LPM0927MB) Leucogyrophana subillaqueata (Litsch.) Jiil. (LPM0870MB, LPM0938MB, LPM0912MB) Kavinia alboviridis (Morgan.) Gilbn. & Bulding. * (LPM0914MB) Peniophora sp (LPM0910MB) Phanerochaete sordida (Karst.) Erikss & Ryv. (LPM0928MB, LPM0929MB) Phlebia sp (LPM0935MB) Stereum fasciatus Schw. (LPMO88MB) Vuilleminia comedens (Nees: Fr.) Maire (LPM0917MS) GANODERMATACEAE Amauroderma sp (LPM0913MB) Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.:Fr.) Karst. (LPM0881MA, LPM0882MA) Ganoderma sp (LPM0878MB) Humphreya sp (LPM0913MB) HYMENOCHAETACEAE Hymenochaete caco (Berk.) Berk. (LPM0872MB, LPM0908MB) Hymenochaete sp (LPM0874MB) Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. (LPM0943 MB) Phellinus noxius (Corner) Cunn. (LPM0902MS, LPM0924MB, LPM0953MB) LACHNOCLADIACEAE Asterostroma cervicolor (Berk. & Curt.) Mass. (LPM093 1 MB) * New register for Brazil SUBSTRATE TYPES: A= Living Tree, B= Naturally Fallen Tree, C= Fallen Branch, D= Building Wood,E= Sawmil Wood, S= Palm Tree 326 Asterostroma musicolum (Berk. & Curt.) Mass. * (LPM0930MB) Scytinostroma cfr. duriusculum (Berk. & Br.) Donk LPMO0889MB) Scytinostroma hemidichophyticum Pouzar (LPM0932MB) Scytinostroma odoratum (Fr.) Donk (LPM0888MB, LPM0918MB, LPM0951MS) Scytinostroma rhizomorpharum Rattan * (LPM0890MC, LPM0892MC, LPM0895MB, LPM0898MB, LPM916MB, LPM0937MC, LPMO0966MC, LPM0973MC) Vararia sp (LPM0974MB) PODOCYPHACEAE Cymatoderma caperatus (Mont. & Berk.) Reid (LPM0922MB) Cymatoderma dentriticum (Pers.) Reid (LPM0955MB) POLYPORACEAE Antrodiella cfr. overholtsii Ryv. & Gilbn. (LPM0884MB, LPM0939MB) Antrodiella spp (LPM0904MB, LPM0942MB, LPM0952MB) Coriolopsis rigida (Berk. & Mont.) Murr. (PM0880MB) Earliella scabrosa (Pers.) Gilbn. & Ryv. (LPM0907MB, LPM0936MB) Fomes fasciatus (Sw. & Fr.) Cke. (LPM0925MB) Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Br.) Ryv. (LPM0968MS) Grammothele lineata Berk. & Curt. (LPM0923 MB) Grammothele subargentea (Speg.) Rajch. (LPM0919MC) Grammothele sp (LPM0879MC,LPM0964MB) Hexagona papyracea Berk. (LPM0947MB, LPM0933MB, LPMO090SMB) Packykytospora alabamae (Berk. & Cke.) Ryv. (LPM0894MC) 327 Perenniporia glaucopora Lloyd. Ryv. (LPM0940MB) Perenniporia sp (LPM0878MB) Polyporus infernalis Berk. (LPM0965MB) Rigidoporus microporus (Fr.) Overeem (LPM0875MB, LPM0876MB, LPM0900MB, LPM0957MB) Trametes modesta (Fr.) Ryv. (LPM0873MB, LPM0885MB, LPM0886MB, LPM0944MB) Trametes villosa (Fr.) Kreisel (LPM0920MB) Trametes sp (LPM0871MB, LPM0976MB) Trichaptum byssogenum (Jungh.) Ryv. (LPM0899MB) Trichaptum sp (LPM0956MB) AURICULARIACEAE Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. (LPM0967MB) GASTEROMYCETES Geastrum triplex Jungh. (LPM0909MB) ASCOMY COTINA Cookeina sulcipes (Berk.) Kuntze (LPM0979MS) Xylaria cfr. dealbata Berk. & Curt. (LPM0971MB) A total of 104 specimens of wood-rotting fungi representing 51 genera and 64 especies were identified. Most species were collected on naturally fallen trees and branches. Only Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) Karst. was collected on living tree. The well known tree-parasites, Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Br.) Ryv. and Grammothele sp were found on living palms tree and Cystidiondontia artocreas ( Berk & Curt. ex. Cke.) Hjortst, Hypochnicium lundellii (Bourd.) Erikss. Scytinostroma odoratum and Vuilleminia comedens were commonly found on dead adherent dying peteoles of palms tree. Most of the genera taken on Maraca Island have not been previously recorded or collected in Roraima State, and Kavinia alboviridis, Leucogyrophana romellii, L. subillaqueata, Scytinostroma cfr. duriusculum, S. odoratum, S. 328 rhizomorpharum S. hemidichophyticum, and Vuilleminia comedens have not pre- viously been recorded in South America. The checklist shows a great diversity of wood-rotting fungi in Maraca Island and many species such as: Aleurodiscus aurantium (Fr.) Schroet., Botryobasidium obtusisporum Erikss., Ceraceomerulius rubincundus (Litsch. in Pilat.) Erikss. Fibulomyces mutabilis (Bres.) Jiil., L. subillaqueata and S. hemidichophyticum that are reported from Europe, North America and India by ERIKSSON & RY VARDEN (1973, 1975, 1976) and RATTAN (1974). Unquestionably, future col- lecting in Maraca Island will increase the knowledge about the distribution of wood-rotting fungi and the new species in the Neotropical Region. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is grateful to Dr. Leif Ryvarden, from the University of Oslo, for access to ours collection and review of the manuscript. A further thanks to Celso Morato de Carvalho for the opportunity to collect at Maraca Island. Thanks also goes to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support. REFERENCES CUNNINGHAM, G.H. 1963, The Thelephoraceae of Australia and New Zealand. Dep. Scie. and Id. Res. Wellington. 359p. EDEN, M.J. & McGREGOR, D.F. VIEIRA, N.A. 1991. Soil Physical and Chemical properties of Cultivated Pasture on Forest Land, Roraima, Acta Amazénica. 21:375-390. ERIKSSON, J. & RYVARDEN, L. 1973. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 2: 60-261. ERIKSSON, J. & RYVARDEN, L. 1975. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 3: 289-546. ERIKSSON, J. & RYVARDEN, L. 1976. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 4: 549-886. ERIKSSON, J.; HJORTSTAM, K.; RYVARDEN, L. 1978. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 5: 889-1049. ERIKSSON, J.; HJORTSTAM, K. ; RYVARDEN, L. 1981. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora. Oslo. 6: 1051-1276. GILBERTSON, R.L. & RYVARDEN, L. 1987. The North American Polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo. 2: 434-885. HALLENBERG, N. & ERIKSSON, J. 1985. The Lachnocladiaceae and Coniophoraceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 96p. HJORTSTAM, K.; LARSON, K.; RYVARDEN, L. 1988. The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Fungiflora, Oslo. 8: 1450-1631. RATTAN, S. S.1974. Scytinostroma in India with Notes on Extralimital Species. British Mycol. Society 63(1): 1-12. RY VARDEN, L. & JOHANSEN, I. 1980. A Preliminary Polypore Flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo. 636p. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 329-345 January-March 1996 TRUFFLE-LIKE FUNGI FROM SOUTH AMERICA: HYSTERANGIUM SENSU LATO MICHAEL A. CASTELLANO United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 and J. J. MUCHOVE] * Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil 36570 ABSTRACT Re-examination of collections previously identified as species of Hysterangium from South America revealed a number of taxa in several distinct genera. To facilitate a modern survey of the truffle-like, presumptive ectomycorrhizal flora of South America, we redescribe nearly all South American taxa previously placed in the genus Hysterangium, describe several new Hysterangium species. The new genus, Hallingea is described to accommodate three Hysterangium species. INTRODUCTION Seventy species of truffle-like Basidiomyete fungi have been described from South America (Castellano and Trappe, 1990; 1992). Most are in genera presumed to be ectomycorrhizal (i.e., Gautieria, Hysterangium, Rhizopogon, and Thaxterogaster). Of these, 41 were originally described from Argentina, 21 from Chile, 5 from Brazil, and 3 from Ecuador. Many South American specimens were incorrectly identified as species endemic to Europe or North * Current address - P.O. Box 25, Lloyd, Florida, USA, 32337 330 America. The vascular plant flora of South America differs vastly in composition from that of the Northern Hemisphere. In our experience, the mycorrhizal flora associated with Southern Hemisphere plant hosts similarly differs from that associated with the plant hosts from the Northern Hemisphere. This paper is the first in a series intended to modernize the taxonomic treatment of truffle-like fungi associated with South American plant hosts. We begin with an evaluation of taxa previously assigned to the genus Hysterangium. In addition, four new Hysterangium species are described. Methods of collection and macroscopic and microscopic procedures were generally those of Smith (Smith and Zeller, 1966). Herbarium names are abbreviated according to Holmgren and Keuken (1974). Colors of fresh specimens are in general terms of the authors. Hand-cut sections of dried material were mounted in 5% KOH or Melzer’s reagent for standard light microscopy. Spore dimensions are based on the measurement of at least 25 randomly selected spores; spore lengths include sterigmal attachment when present. Measurements of sterile tissues (e.g., peridium) and spores are from mature sporocarps. Light photomicrographs are from material mounted in 5% KOH. TAXONOMY Key to Hysterangium species 1. Spores 9-12 um long; utricle (perispore) distinctly inflated up to 2.5 um on a side, attached below apex and above base to form a complete or partial cylinder around) sporesns2 i. teen sss Sane H. inflatum 1. Spores mostly 12-15 um long, utricle not inflated as above.................00.. 2 2. Peridium a single layer of polyhedral cells 30-40 x 50-75 um................ SEMIS Test 5 CRM Ae HIN oa Leen UNN A IRE W Trice Uh iy H. crassipariete 2. Peridium with at least two layers, at least one layer of interwoven 3. Spores smooth beneath utricle; peridial epicutis 125-180 um thick, of hyaline to pale brown hyphae, 5-6 um in diam and sometimes inflated Vip tO ES: Lana: tr ALA Fe geen dees becscortactesonsdeseos conveagerstecaatek tata des H. incognitum 3. spores, minutely werrucose beneathiutricle 220.0: .cic..seccs.qeceasettaervesyssaecaceanes & 4. Gleba olive brown; spore wall less than 0.5 um thick; peridium entirely of pale brown to dark reddish brown tissue....H. spegazzinii 4. Gleba olive green, spore wall +1 um thick; peridium with mesocutis andisubeutis ‘of Tyaline: tissue: 2 .2c.ttiscecactsneteceestenst see oee H. hallingii 331 HYSTERANGIUM CRASSIPARIETE Castellano & Muchovej, sp. nov. Basidiomata subglobosa, lobata vel irregularia, alba, rosea contundentia, glabra. Gleba juventute pallide viridia, maturitate pallide grisea; loculi ex centro radiantes, elongates et vacues. Rhizomorphae singulares vel numerosae, crassae, albae. Columella gelatinosa, dendroidea, crassa. Peridium facile separabile, strato singulari 100-250 um crasso, cellulis hyalinis polyhedralibus; fibulae absentes. Trama 70-150 um crassa, hyphis hyalinis, compactis, 3-5 (-7) um in diam, fibulae absentes. Sporae singulares in KOH hyalinae vel pallide virides, aggregatae pallide virides vel virides, laeves, (11-) 12-115 x 4-5 yum; apex acutus vel obtusus; paries 1 lum crassus; utriculus distinctus, rugosus, irregulariter inflatus usque ad 1 (- 2) um. Holotypus: leg Singer 317 (BAFC 30372). Basidiomata 0.5-2 cm in diam, subglobose, lobed or irregular, slightly indented at base, white when fresh, bruising rose, mottled pale brown to pale pinkish brown and white when dry, surface glabrous above. Gleba pale green at first, later pale gray, olive to dark greenish black when dried; locules radiating from a central point, elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs single or numerous, stout, attached at base, white at first, concolorous with peridium when dry. Columella gelatinous, distinct, dendroid, stout, arising from a sterile base. | Peridium easily separable from gleba, a single layer 100-250 um thick, of hyaline polyhedral cells, 30-40 x 50-75 rm, that are much smaller at interface of peridium and gleba and near the outer surface, minute crystals adhering to the outer cells, clamp connections absent; a superficial layer of pale brown, elongate hyphae emanating from the surface. Trama 70-150 wm thick, of hyaline, compact, more or less parallel to interwoven hyphae, 3-5 (—7) um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia not seen. Spores smooth, (11-) 12-15 x 4-5 pm, ellipsoid to oblong; apex acute to blunt, base usually with a slight sterigmal appendage (Fig. 1). Spore wall +1 uum thick. Utricle distinct, wrinkled, irregularly inflated to 1 (-2) um. Spore color in KOH hyaline to pale green singly, pale green to green in mass. Figs. 1-6. Basidiospores of Hysterangium species. 1. H. crassipariete Halling 5950, bar = 12 wm. 2. H. hallingii, Halling 5741, bar = 12 um. 3. H. incognitum, BAFC 23997, bar = 12 um. 4. H. incognitum using Nomarski optics, BAFC 23997, bar = 12 um. 5. H. inflatum, Mille 3, bar = 10 um. 6. H. spegazzinii, BAFC 30372, bar = 12 um. S52 333 ETYMOLOGY: Latin, “crassi-”, and “pariete” referring to the thick spore wall. HABIT, HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associate Nothofagus dombeyi; April. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquen Province, Las Lajas, leg R. Halling 5950, 2 April 1988 (Holotype NY, isotype OSC). DISCUSSION: This species is associated with Nothofagus spp. in Argentina. Hysterangium crassipariete is near H. affine Massee & Rodway in Massee but H. affine lacks the superficial layer of hyphae, has thin- walled spores and occurs with Myrtaceae. HYSTERANGIUM HALLINGII Castellano & Muchovej, sp. nov. Basidiomata subglobosa vel asymmetrica, initio alba, ubi contusa rosea vel rufa, in sicco brunneola et alba maculata, foveolata, subtomentosa, usque ad 2.5 yum crassa. Gleba olivacea, loculis elongatis et vacuis. Rhizomorphae numerosae, volidae, basales, peridio concolores. Columella gelatinosa vel cartilaginea, dendroidea, e basi sterili exoriens. Peridium triplex, non separabile; epicutis usque ad 75 um crassa, hyphis avellaneis, evanidis, fibulatis, laxe intertexis; mesocutis parenchymata, usque ad 300 uum crassa, hyphis hyalinis, inflatis, 20-30 um, fibulae nullae; subcutis usque ad 50 um crassa, hyalinis, intertexa, fibula nulla. Trama usque ad 125 lum crassa, hyphis hyalinis, intertexis vel subparallelis in matrice gelatinosa, fibulae nullae. Sporae minute verruculosae, 12-14 x 4.5-5.5 um, ellipsoideae, apice obtuso, base breviter pedicellata; utriculus distinctus, rugosus, inflatus usque ad 1 um; in KOH; singulatim pallide viridae, aggregatea pallide olivacae. Holotypus: leg Halling 5741 (NY). Basidiomata up to 2.5 cm in diam, subglobose to slightly irregular, white at first, bruising rose to reddish brown, mottled pale brown and white when dry, surface slightly pitted and subtomentose. Gleba olive green; locules elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs numerous, somewhat stout, attached at base, concolorous with peridium. Columella gelatinous to cartilaginous, distinct, dendroid, arising from a sterile base. Peridium not separable from gleba, 400-450 um thick, three layered: epicutis up to 75 um thick, somewhat evanescent, of yellow brown, thick- walled (0.5 um), loosely interwoven hyphae, 4-5 um diam; constricted at septa, clamp connections common, encrusted with minute crystals; mesocutis up to 300 um thick, of thin-walled, hyaline, inflated parenchyma-like cells, 20-30 um in diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis up to 50 um thick, of thin-walled, hyaline, interwoven, occasionally clavate hyphae up to 5 um diam, clamp connections absent. 334 Trama up to 125 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, interwoven to subparallel hyphae, 4-5 um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia hyaline, thin-walled, clavate, 7-8 x 20+, 4 spored. Spores minutely verrucose, 12-14 x 4.5-5.5 um, ellipsoid; apex acute, base truncate-cupped, +2 1m broad (Fig. 2). Spore wall +1 um thick, slightly thicker at apex. Utricle distinct, wrinkled, irregularly inflated to 1 um. Spore color in KOH pale green singly, pale olive in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, “hallingii,” named in honor of Dr. Roy Halling of the New York Botanical Garden, collector of the holotype. HABIT, HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Nothofagus betuloides and N. pumilio; February and March. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Tierra del Fuego, Tierra del Fuego National Park, +17 km east of Ushuaia, leg R. Halling 5741, 24 February 1988 (holotype NY, isotype OSC). PARATYPES: CHILE: Magallanes, Torres del Paine National Park, trail from Lago Grey to Lago Pingo, leg R. Halling 5820, 9 March 1988 (NY, OSC). Magallanes, Punta Arenas, leg R. Thaxter, February 1906 (wet material in FH, OSC). DISCUSSION: The three-layered peridium is rare in the genus and is shared only by the Northern Hemisphere species, H. epiroticum Pacioni from Hungary. Hysterangium epiroticum has much larger spores than H. hallingit. HYSTERANGIUM INCOGNITUM Castellano & Muchovej, sp. nov. Basidiomata subglobosa vel asymmetrica, in sicco alba et pallide brunnea vel pallide rufa maculata, tomentosa. Gleba viridi-flava vel viridi-brunnea, loculis elongatis et vacuis. Columella in sicco inconspicua, dendroidea. Peridium duplex, non separabile; epicutis 125-180 ym crassa, hyphis hyalinis intertexis; subcutis 150-250 um crassa, parenchymatis, hyphis hyalinis, inflatis 20-30 wm, fibulae nullae. Trama usque ad 60 um crassa, hyphis hyalinis, intertextis in matrice gelatinosa, fibulae nullae. Sporae laevae, 12-13.5 x 5-6 pm, ellipsoidae, apice obtusis, base truncatae, utriculus distinctus, rugosus, em apice e basis affixus; in KOH; singulatim pallide viridae, aggregatae pallide olivo-fuscae. Holotypus: leg Singer 5081 (BAFC 23997). Basidiomata up to 2.0 cm in diam, subglobose to slightly irregular, mottled white and pale brown to pale reddish brown when dry, surface tomentose. Gleba greenish yellow to greenish brown; locules elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs not seen. Columella somewhat inconspicuous when dried, dendroid. . 335 Peridium not separable from gleba, two layered: epicutis 125-180 um thick, of hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, interwoven hyphae 5-6 tm in diam, sometimes inflated up to 13 um in diam, encrusted with minute crystals, clamp connections absent; subcutis 150-250 um thick, of thin- walled, hyaline to pale brown, inflated parenchyma-like cells 20-30 um in diam, clamp connections absent. Trama up to 60 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, interwoven hyphae, 2-3 um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia not seen. Spores smooth, 12-13.5 x 5-6 um, ellipsoid to slightly irregular; apex blunt, base truncate (Figs. 3 &4). Spore wall + 0.5 um thick, sometimes thicker at apex. Utricle distinct, wrinkled, occasionally slightly inflated at apex and base. Spore color in KOH pale green singly, pale olive brown in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, “incognitum,” in reference to the relative obscurity of this collection. HABIT, HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Nothofagus dombeyii and N. saxegothaeana; April and May. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquén, L. Correntoso, leg M. Singer 5081, 20 April 1965 (holotype BAFC 23997, isotype OSC). PARATYPE: ARGENTINA: Rio Negro, Laguna Frias, leg M. Singer 3850 (identified as H. separabile), 2 May 1964 (BAFC 30371, OSC). DISCUSSION: The combination of a relatively thick hyphal subcutis and the distinctly wrinkled utricle of the wide spores distinguish this species from all other Hysterangium species. HYSTERANGIUM INFLATUM Rodway, Paps. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 1917: 108. 1918. = Hysterangium eucalyptorum Lloyd, Mycol. Notes 65: 1031. 1921. = Hysterangium pterosporum Donadini & Riousset, Trav. Sci. Parc Nation. Port—Cros 5: 12. 1979. Basidiomata 0.5 —2 cm in diam, subglobose, ellipsoid to irregularly lobed, white when fresh, readily handling pale brown to pale reddish brown, drying dark brown except in protected areas which are pale brown to almost white, surface smooth to felty when fresh, wrinkled slightly, tomentose when dry, with some soil particles adhering to surface when dry. Gleba bright greyish green to bright green when young, dark olive to almost black when mature; locules elongate, partially to completely filled with spores. Rhizomorphs numerous small, attached at base, concolorus with peridium. Columella gelatinous, dendroid, narrow, dark grey. 336 Peridium not easily separable from gleba, a single layer 140-150 (—250) um thick, of brown (near surface), hyaline (near gleba), thin-walled, irregularly shaped, sometimes inflated hyphae, the cells elongate to subglobose, up to 5 um in diam near gleba, usually up to 12 x 25 um in mediostratum, numerous minute crystals adhering to outer hyphae, clamp connections common. Trama 40-100 um thick, of hyaline, loosely to compactly interwoven hyphae, 2.5-5 um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, hyphae mostly elongate, sometimes with nodose ends, clamp connections absent. Basidia rehydrating poorly, thin-walled, hyaline, (4) 6 spored. Spores smooth, 9-12 x 4-5 um without utricle, 9-12 x 8-9 with utricle, ellipsoid; apex obtuse, base sessile, sometimes truncate (Fig. 5). Spore wall less than 0.5 um thick. Utricle distinct, inflated up to 2.5 um on a side, attached at base and apex, commonly forming a cylinder around the spore. Spore color in KOH hyaline singly, pale green in mass. ETYMOLOGy: Latin, referring to the greatly “inflated” utricle which is attached above the base and below the spore apex. HABIT AND HABITAT: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates of Eucalyptus spp. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: AUSTRALIA: Tasmania, Mt. Wellington, FEB-1904, leg L. Rodway 1267 (holotype HO 89531, isotypes OSC, NY, FH). OTHER COLLECTIONS: ECUADOR: Quito, (Type of H. eucalyptorum Lloyd) leg Mille 3 (NY, PDD 8309). FRANCE: Porquelles, (det. by Riousset as H. pterosporum) leg Riousset (OSC). DISCUSSION: The invalidly published taxon, Hysterangium tunicatum . Cunningham was recently redescribed (Castellano & Beever 1994) and is clearly distinct from H. inflatum Rodway. Type material of H. pterosporum was not available to us but non-type material of H. pterosporum from Riousset proved to be conspecific with H. inflatum. Hysterangium inflatum is easily distinguished from all other species by its unique, regularly inflated (barrel-like) utricle, which gives the spore a winged appearance. Hysterangium inflatum appears to be a common ectomycorrhizal associate of Eucalyptus spp. and probably has been introduced with Eucalyptus seedlings, especially E. globulus, in many parts of the world. HYSTERANGIUM SPEGAZZINII Castellano & Muchovej, sp. nov. Basidiomata subglobosa vel leviter assymetrica, in sicco pallide avellanea et alba maculata, tomentosa, usque ad 1.2 cm crassa. Gleba 337 pallide olivacea vel olivaceobrunnea, loculis elongatis et vacuis. Rhizomorphae numerosae validae, basales, peridio concolores. Columella tenua, dendroidea, in sicco obscure olicaea vel rufa, e basi sterilis exoriens. Peridium cum strato superficiali hyphis laxe intertextis, aureobrunneis, particulis crystallinis incrustatis, fibulatis, duplex; epicutis a subcute facile recedens, usque ad 250 wm crassa, parenchymata, obscure avellanea vel obscure rufa, fibulae nullae; subcutis usque ad 30 wm crassa, hyphis hyalinis, “periclinal”, fibulae nullae. Trama usque ad 50 wm crassa, hyalina, subparallela vel parallela, in matrice gelatinosa, fibulae nullae. Sporae minute verruculosae, 12-14 x (4.5) 5-6 yum, ellipsoideae, apice obtusa, base truncata; utriculus distinctus, rugosus, inflatus usque ad 1 pm; in KOH; singulatim pallide cinereo-virides, aggregatae pallide rufae. Holotypus: leg Singer 317 (BAFC 30372). Basidiomata up to 1.2 cm in diam, subglobose to slightly irregular, mottled pale yellow brown and white when dry, surface tomentose. Gleba pale olive to olive brown; locules elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs numerous, somewhat stout, attached at base, concolorous with peridium. Columella fine, dendroid, dark olive to reddish brown as dried, arising from a sterile base. Peridium with a superficial layer of thin-walled, golden brown, loosely interwoven hyphae up to 5 um diam, encrusted with crystalline particles, clamp connections common otherwise two-layered, epicutiis separable from subcutis; epicutis up to 250 ym thick, of thin-walled, dark yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, inflated clavate cells 20-30 um diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis up to 30 um thick, of thin-walled, hyaline to pale brown, periclinal hyphae up to 25 um diam, much less inflated near gleba, clamp connections absent. Trama up to 50 um thick, of hyaline, mostly collapsed, thin-walled, subparallel to parallel hyphae, 2-5 tm in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia not seen. Spores minutely verrucose, 12-14 x (4.5-) 5-6 um, ellipsoid; apex acute, base truncate (Fig. 6). Spore wall less than 0.5 um thick. Utricle distinct, wrinkled, irregularly inflated to 1 um, commonly slightly inflated near apex. Spore color in KOH pale greyish green singly, pale reddish brown in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, “spegazzinii,” named in honor of Italian mycologist C. Spegazzini, who surveyed much of the South American mycoflora in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. HABIT, HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Eucalyptus sp. or Nothofagus dombeyi; April and May. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, Laguna de los 338 Padres, leg Singer 317, (holotype BAFC 30372, isotype OSC). PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Neuquén, Puerto Manzano, leg Singer 3426, 22 April 1964 (BAFC 23996, OSC). URUGUAY: Montevideo, leg C. Spegazinni, May 1914 (LPS 13339, OSC). Montevideo, leg C. Spegazinni, May 1914 (LPS 13342, OSC). DISCUSSION: Hysterangium spegazzinii is near H. hallingi but H. spegazzinii has a two-layered perdium in contrast to the three-layered peridium of H. hallingi. Excluded taxa GELOPELLIS THAXTERI (Zeller & Dodge) Zeller, Mycologia 31: 22. 1939. = Hysterangium thaxteri Zeller & Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 114— 115, 1929. We can add little to the description (as Hysterangium thaxteri) of Zeller and Dodge (1929). The small spores (3-4 x 1.5-2 um) and thick (> 1.5 mm), uninterrupted, highly gelatinized peridium exclude this species from Hysterangium. Study of a portion of the type confirms its correct placement in the genus Gelopellis. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aries, leg R. Thaxter (isotype NY). DISCUSSION: Another collection from Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Pareci Novo on Rio Cahi, leg J. Rick 145) labeled as this species in the Farlow herbarium is parasitized beyond identification. HYMENOGASTER AUSTRALIS (Spegazzini) Spegazzini, Rev. Chilena Hist. Natur. 21: 171. 1917. = Hysterangium australe Spegazzini, Fungi Argentini 4: 237. 1884. = Hymenogaster australis (Spegazzini) Horak, Sydowia 17: 202-203. 1963. comb. illeg. Basidiomata up to 2 cm in diam, subglobose, mottled white and reddish brown when dried, surface slightly tomentose when dry. Gleba reddish brown; locules elongate, filled with spores. Rhizomorphs not seen. Columella absent. Peridium not easily separable from gleba, a single layer less than 100 uum thick, of brown thin-walled, interwoven hyphae up to 5 um diam, clamp connections common; colonized by a hyphomycete. Trama 60-100 pm thick, of hyaline, subgelatinized, loosely interwoven hyphae, 2.5-5 um in diam, clamp connections absent. Basidia 1-4 spored, hyaline, elongate to cylindrical, 15 x 3, sterigmata 3 x 0.5-1.0 um. 339 Spores ornamented, (18-) 21-25 (-26) x (7-) 8-9 um excluding ornamentation and attachment, fusiod occasionally subclavate; apex rostrate or occasionally acute, base long-tapered and truncate, occasionally with hyaline sterigmal attachment up to 2 um long (especially young spores). Ornamentation of low, broken ridges or rounded warts up to 1 um tall (Fig. 7). Spore wall +1 pm thick. Rostrum smooth, +1 (-3) um long. Utricle distinct, appressed, wrinkled but usually not covering rostrum. Spore color in KOH golden brown singly, olive brown in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, referring to the “southern” occurence of this species. HABIT: Hypogeous; presumed mycorrhizal hosts unknown. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires, Boca del Riachuelo, leg C. Spegazzini, 22 May 1881 (holotype LPS 13340, isotype NY). DISCUSSION: The golden brown, rostrate, ornamented spores exclude this taxon from Hysterangium and correctly place it in Hymenogaster. Horak (1963) repeated Spegazzini’s (1917) recombination of this species into Hymenogaster. The generic concept of Hymenogaster is confused and the group needs modern evaluation. Hallingea Castellano, gen. nov. Basidiomata hypogaea vel erumpentia, globosa, subglobosa vel irregularia. Peridium stratis duabus. Epicutis tenuis vel crassa, rubra, vinacea, palllide purpurea, caesia vel violacea; oscure rubra, vinacea vel purpuea contusens; cellulis inflatis; fibulae absentes. Subcutis tenuis vel crassa, plerumque hyphis intertextis sine cellulis inflatis, fibulae absentes. Gleba grisea, griseo-olivacea, oscure olivaceo-brunnea vel purpureo- brunnea, loculis irregularibus vel elongatis, partiale vacuis. Trama hyphis intertextis in matrice gelatinosa, fibulae absentes. Sporae plerumque assymetricales, laeves, anguste ellipsoideae fusiformes, vel irregulares, hyalinae vel pallide virides in KOH; tunica tenuis; utriculus plerumque absens, ubi praesens laxus. Type species: HALLINGEA PURPUREUS (Zeller & Dodge) Castellano Basidiomata hypogeous to erumpet, globose, subglobose to irregular. Peridium two-layered; epicutis thin to thick, red, reddish vinaceous, pale purple to lavender or violet when fresh, bruising dark dull red, vinaceous or purple, inflated cells present, clamp connections absent; subcutis thin to thick, usually of interwoven hyphae without inflated cells, clamp connections absent. Gleba gray, grayish olive, dark olive brown to purplish 340 brown, locules irregular to elongate, partially empty. Columella present, translucent often with a reduced stipe-columella or arising from a sterile base. Trama of interwoven hyphae in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Spores mostly assymetrical, smooth, fusiform to narrowly ellipsoid or irregular, hyaline to pale green in KOH, spore wall thin, utricle usually absent or when present loose. ETYMOLOGy: Latin, named for Dr. Roy Halling, mycologist at The New York Botanical Garden. DISTRIBUTION AND HOSTs: Known only from South America: Argentina and Chile. Probable mycorrhizal associates of Nothofagus spp. DISCUSSION: Hallingea is a member of the Boletaceae and is a morphological equivalent to Truncocolumella being much reduced from its mushroom ancestor but with some vestigial remnants of sterile tissue. The three species of Hysterangium sensu lato placed into the genus Hallingea at this time are congeneric with each other and may be related to the genera Boletus or Xerocomus. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship of Hallingea species with bolete relatives. The following three species have spores that are smooth, cylindrical to fusoid and usually lack a utricle and the sporocarp possess a dendroid, gelatinous columella that usually originates from a much reduced basal stipe. Key to Hallingea species 1. Spores 18-20 (-21) um long; utricle present or absent, peridium less than 250: We thick Weegee or, cect eee ee eal tee toae eee cee ee eases H. carneoroseus 1; oer mostly 15-18 um long; peridum thicker than 400 um............000.. 2 Peridial epicutis 300-400 um thick, of parenchyma-like cells inflated to 10-15 um in diam; subcutis +500 um thick, of interwoven hyphae, 6-8(-20) um in diam................0. H. purpureus 2. Peridial epicutis 300-500 um thick, of parenchyma-like cells 15-40 (-60) um in diam; subcutis 200-300 um thick, of interwoven hyphae? 2-4. puna/in diary. 0 heer escheat eeu een H. violaceus HALLINGEA CARNEOROSEUS (Horak) Castellano, comb. nov. = Hysterangium carneoroseum Horak, Sydowia, 17: 200-201, 1963. Basidiomata 5—22 mm in diam, globose to pear-shaped, frequently depressed at the base, white when young, becoming red to reddish vinaceous or pale purple on bruising; surface glabrous, KOH yellow, NH3 red, HCI negative. Gleba gray to grayish olive; locules elongate, empty. 341 Rhizomorphs absent. Columella narrow, dendroid, translucent, “rarely with a reduced stipe-columella up to 3 mm long” (Horak 1963). Peridium 80-150 um thick, two-layered: epicutis 50-100 tm, of hyaline, thick-walled, interwoven hyphae, 2-4 um in diam, interspersed with subspherical to irregularly inflated parenchyma-like cells, 7-15 um in diam; subcutis 30-50 um, of hyaline, gelatinized, parallel hyphae, 3-4 um in diam, clamp connections absent. Trama of hyaline, thin-walled, compactly interwoven hyphae, 2-3 um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, appearing very coarse. Basidia hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical, 15-25 x 5-7 tm, 4 spored. Spores asymmetrical, smooth, 18-20 (—21) x 5-6 um, narrowly ellipsoid to elongate; apex blunt, base sessile to slightly pedicellate (Fig. 8). Spore wall less than 0.5 um thick. Utricle absent or when present wrinkled, loosely adhering to spore. Spore color in KOH hyaline to pale green singly, pale green in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, referring to fresh sporocarps which bruise “flesh to pink” when handled. HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous or epigeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Nothofagus antarctica, N. betuloides, N. dombeyi or N. pumilio; March. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Tierra del Fuego, Valle del Glaciar Martial, leg E. Horak 64/23 (holotype ZT, isotype LPS 38204). DISCUSSION: Known only from the holotype collected under Nothofagus spp. in Argentina. The asymmetrical, narrowly ellipsoid to elongate spores and reduced stipe-columella exclude this species from Hysterangium. Hallingea carneorosea is distingushed from other Hallingea species by its large spores and relatively thin peridium. HALLINGEA PURPUREUS (Zeller & Dodge) Castellano, comb. nov. = Hysterangium purpureum Zeller & Dodge, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 110-111. 1929. Figs. 7-10. Basidiospores of Hymenogaster australe and Hallingea spp. 7. H. australe, LPS 13340, bar = 25 um. 8. H. carneoroseus, ZT 64/23, bar = 20 um. 9. H. purpureus, Garrido 418A, bar = 18 um. 10. H. violaceus, ZT 64/24, bar = 20 um. 343 Basidiomata up to 2 cm in diam, globose, subglobose to irregular, bright lavender when fresh, dark lavender to purplish red at maturity, becoming dark dull red on bruising, grayish olive to pale olive when dry except in crevasses which are dull lavender, surface smooth except for a fine pubesence in protected areas. Gleba purplish brown to almost black at maturity (Halling 1981); locules elongate, partially filled. Rhizomorphs numerous, small, attached to reduced stipe. Columella gelatinous, distinct, dendroid, translucent, continuous with a reduced stipe up to 4 mm long. Peridium not easily separable from gleba, 500-900 um thick, two- layered; epicutis 300-400 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, spherical cells, 10-15 tm in diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis 500 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, gelatinized, compactly interwoven hyphae, 6-8 um in diam, occasional cells inflated up to 15-20 um or rarely 60-70 um in diam, the larger cells being near the epicutis, clamp connections absent. Trama 50-110 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, interwoven hyphae, 2-3 tm in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical, 35-40 x 6-7 um, 4 (5) spored. Spores commonly asymmetrical, smooth, 15-18 (-19) x 5-6 um, fusiform, narrowly ellipsoid to irregular; apex acute, base subsessile to appendaged (Fig. 9). Spore wall less than 0.5 um thick. Utricle absent. Spore color in KOH hyaline to pale green or brown singly, pale yellowish brown in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, referring to the bright lavender color of the fresh peridium. HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Nothofagus sp.; February and April. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: CHILE: Puntas Arenas, 24 February 1906, leg R. Thaxter 4716 (lectotype dried material, NY, isotypes, dried material FH, wet material FH, NY). OTHER COLLECTIONS: CHILE: Concepcion, leg Garrido 418-A (OSC). DISCUSSION: The asymmetrical, narrowly ellipsoid spores and reduced stipe-columella place this species in Hallingea . Horak (1980) synonymized Hallingea violaceus (as Hysterangium violaceum) with H. purpureus (as Hysterangium purpureum) without studying the type of the latter. These are distinct species as H. purpureus has both thicker peridial layers and subcuticular tissues and wider, non-appendaged spores. It fruits “by the dozen growing in groups 2-3 to 20” (Thaxter’s field notes cited in Halling 1981). HALLINGEA VIOLACEUS (Horak) Castellano, comb. nov. = Hysterangium violaceum Horak, Sydowia 17: 198-200. 1963. 344 Basidiomata 0.8-1.5 (—2) cm in diam, globose to ovoid or depressed, indented at the base, violet at maturity, bruising lilac purple to lavender, reddish brown or pale brown with dark violet areas when dried, surface tomentose, without adherent soil particles. Gleba olive when young, dark olive to dark olive brown when dried; locules irregular to elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs not seen. Columella distinct, dendroid, arising from a sterile base, white to brown when dried. Odor unpleasant to indistinct. Peridium not separable from gleba, 500-800 um thick, two-layered; epicutis 300-500 um thick, of pale red, thin-walled, compact, spherical to polyhedral cells, 15-40 (-60) um in diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis 200-300 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, bead-like, compactly interwoven hyphae, 2-4 um in diam, clamp connections absent. Trama 30-125 um thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally collapsed, elongate, interwoven to subparallel hyphae, 2-3 um in diam, in a gelatinized matrix, clamp connections absent. Basidia not observed. Spores commonly asymmetrical, smooth, (12—) 16-18 (—20) x 4-5 (-6) um, mostly elongate, occasionally narrowly ellipsoid or irregular; apex acute, base appendaged (Fig. 10). Spore wall less than 0.5 um thick. Utricle absent. Spore color in KOH pale green singly, green in mass. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, in reference to the violet fresh peridium. HABIT, HABITAT AND SEASON: Hypogeous; probable mycorrhizal associates Nothofagus dombeyi, N. betuloides, or N. pumilio; May. COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Patagonia, Rio Negro, 12 May 1962, leg E. Horak 64/24—483 (holotype ETH, isotype LPS 38203). DISCUSSION: The asymmetrical, narrowly ellipsoid spores and distinct columella place this species in Hallingea . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was funded in part by a travel grant from CNP (Brazil) to the junior author. Partial funding for this work was provided by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-9201421. We appreciate the assistance of Dr. James M. Trappe with the Latin and critical review of the manuscript. We appreciate the helpful comments of Dr. Ross Beever. We appreciate loan of specimens from the following herbaria and individuals: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina (BAFC), Farlow, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (FH), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (HO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England (K), Instituto de Botanica “Spegazzini,” La Plata, Argentina (LPS), Dr. Roy Halling and the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx (NY), Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand (PDD), and Dr. E. Horak, Institut fiir Spezielle Botanik, Ztirich, Switzerland (ETH). 345 LITERATURE CITED Beaton, G., Pegler, D.N., and Young, T.W.K. 1985. Gastroid Basidiomycota of Victoria state, Australia: 4. Hysterangium. Kew Bulletin 40: 435- 444. Castellano, M.A., and R.E. Beever. 1994. Truffle-like Basidiomycotina of New Zealand: Gallacea, Hyterangium, Phallobata, and Protubera. New Zealand Journal of Bot.any 32: 305-328. Castellano, M.A., and Trappe, J.M. 1990. Australasian truffle-like fungi. I. Nomenclatural bibliography of type descriptions of Basidiomycotina. Australian Systematic Botany 3: 653-670. Castellano, M.A., and Trappe, J.M. 1992. Australasian truffle-like fungi. V. Nomenclatural bibliography of type descriptions of Ascomycotina and Zygomycotina. Australian Systematic Botany 5: 631-638. Halling, R. 1981. Thaxter’s thaxterogasters and other Chilean hypogeous fungi. Mycologia 73: 853-868. Holmgren, P.K. and Keuken, W. 1974. Index Herbariorum. Part I. The Herbaria of the World. Oosthoek, Scheltema and Holkema, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 397 pp. Horak, E. 1963. Fungi austroamericani V. Sydowia 17: 197-205. Horak, E. 1980. Fungi, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales y Gasteromycetes Secotioides. Flora Criptogam. de Tierra del Fuego 11(6): 1-524. Smith, A.H. and Zeller, S.M. 1966. A preliminary account of the North American species of Rhizopogon. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 14: 1-178. Spegazzini, C. 1917. Breves apuntes sobre Hymenogastreas Sud-— Americanas. Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. 21: 167-171. Zeller, S.M., and Dodge, C.W. 1929. Hysterangium in North America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 16: 83-128. ld ON A ml Oa * eae PLU Y ie ae Ye ain: ‘ Poy ww Ca te Lea nM Phar Bus AN Sh BU Bana vw Nal a cu i wei i eae i } i (oy haa) NN | , ; ; H ma } i es i a , ‘ ie bi ny Pha ny ; i 1 Aa ata 1 Ah et i Val Pe hi ‘a Voy Ahly ip eats es Wy Ma 4 i PT t it i Re ay ra OY A ae Pai ay Pa yi My Sy a ' iia ne cae erin Aes GU) eae hile f mee Bk N ane Pe ely ie mat ii ryan ‘" Hy a Hi iF [ TA wh tip age a “ie ae ire tint My : ie i, a 4 iat Na . ae ue A . 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XXIV. The genus Bondiella Kevin D. Hyde Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. Abstract Bondiella was described from leaf blades of dried fallen palm fronds collected in Tanzania. Ascospores are reddish- brown, finely échinulate and two celled and surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, while asci are bitunicate and contain 24 ascospores. The taxon is redescribed and illustrated with interference contrast micrographs and its placement at the family level is discussed. Introduction Bondiella Piroz. is represented by single species B. palmicola Piroz., which was described from dried palm leaf blades collected in Tanzania (Pirozynski, 1972). In this paper, part of a series on the fungi developing on palms, it is redescribed and _ illustrated with interference contrast micrographs. Pirozynski (1972) placed this genus in the Pseudosphaeriales, while Arx & Miller (1975) included it in the Pleosporales. Recent treatments (Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1991, 1993) refer it to the Mesnieraceae, Dothideales. 348 Taxonomy Bondiella Piroz., Mycol. Pap. 129: 5. 1972. Ascomata subglobose, immersed in the mesophyll, ostiolate, mostly solitary. Neck erumpent through the upper epidermis, comprising elongated columnar cells. - Peridium comprising a few layers of elongate cells, fusing at the outside with the mesophyll. - Pseudoparaphyses hypha-like, sheet-like, numerous, septate and embedded in a gelatinous matrix. - Asci 24-spored, cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, pedunculate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. - Ascospores multiseriate, ellipsoidal, dark reddish-brown, echinulate, two celled, constricted at the septum, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. Type species: Bondiella palmicola Piroz. Bondiella was thought to be related to Stegasphaeria Syd. and Mesniera Sacc. & Syd. (Pirozynski, 1972). There has been no recent treatment of Stegasphaeria, but Mesniera was treated by Eriksson (1981). In Stegasphaeria ascomata are formed on stromatic complexes in distinct spots on living — leaves, the ascospores are two-celled, but the asci are 8-spored (Miller & Arx, 1962). In the monotypic Mesniera, asci lack ring structures and are multispored, while ascospores are ovoid-ellipsoidal, 1-celled and provided with longitudinal irregular striations. Ascomata are immersed in yellowish-green necrotic patches and arranged in concentric rings (Arx & Miller, 1954; Eriksson, 1981). In both genera ascospores are released through histolysis of the upper peridium (Pirozynski, 1972). Because Mesniera and Stegasphaeria are referred to the family Mesnieraceae by Eriksson (1981) and Bondiella is considered to be related by Pirozynski (1972), this may account for the latter genus also being included in this family. Figures 1-6. Interference contrast micrographs of Bondiella palmicola. 1, 2. Sections of ascoma. Note the columnar cells of the neck. 3, 4. Bitunicate asci. 5, 6. Ascospores which are brown, two-celled and surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Bars = 10 pm 350 Consideration is therefore made to find a more suitable family for Bondiella. Hawksworth (1985) reviewed 35 genera of ascomycetes with bitunicate asci and brown two-celled ascospores, but did not treat Bondiella, which keys to Polycoccum. This is a genus of 20 species, all of which are lichenicolous, many forming galls on the host lichens, placed in the Dacampiaceae (Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1993) and is clearly unrelated to Bondiella. In Barr (1987) Bondiella keys to the Pleosporales and either the Phaeosphaeriaceae or Mesnieraceae. Barr (1987) did not discuss Bondiella or the Mesnieraceae, while in the Phaeosphaeriaceae Bondiella keys to Didymella Sacc. In Didymella, however, ascospores are usually hyaline and 8- spored and therefore unsuitable. In Mesniera ascomata are densely gregarious, immersed in concentric rings and open by a lysiginous pore. Asci contain 16 ascospores, are cylindric- clavate, bitunicate and lack an ocular chamber or ring structures. Ascospores are ovoid ellipsoidal, dark brown and provided with longitudinal ridges, without a mucilaginous sheath. Bondiella differs in many respects and its inclusion in the Mesnieraceae is questionable. However, I have no better alternative for the placement of this genus and therefore it should remain in the Mesnieraceae. Bondiella palmicola Piroz., Mycol. Pap. 129: 6. 1972. - Figs 1-6. | Ascomata 100-160 pm diam, 120-180 pm high, subglobose, immersed in the mesophyll, ostiolate, mostly solitary (Figs. 1, 2). Neck up to 60 ym long, erumpent through the upper epidermis, comprising elongated columnar cells (Fig. 1). - Peridium up to 20 um wide, comprising a few layers of inwardly hyaline and outwardly brown-walled elongate cells, fusing at the outside with the mesophyll (Fig. 1). - ayaysl Pseudoparaphyses hypha-like, sheet-like, numerous, septate and embedded in a gelatinous matrix (Fig. 1). - Asci 80-100 x 15- 20 pm, 24-spored, cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, short pedunculate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber (Figs. 3, 4). - Ascospores 11-17 x 4.5-5 ym, multiseriate, ellipsoidal, dark reddish-brown, bicelled, constricted at the septum, finely echinulate, surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath (Figs. 5, 6). Known distribution: Tanzania. Known host: Elaeis. Material examined: Tanzania, Kigoma, Kakombe, on dead leaf blade of dried fallen rachis of Elaeis guineensis, 19 July 1963, K.A. Pirozynski M26c, IMI 105789c (holotype). Acknowledgments M.E. Barr is thanked for discussions on this taxon. The curator of IMI is thanked for loan of type material. Mr A.Y.P. Lee is thanked for photographic and Miss H. Leung is thanked for technical assistance. References Arx, J.A. v. & Miller, E. (1954). Die Gattungen der amerosporen Pyrenomyceten. - Beitr. Kryptogammenfl. Schweiz 11: 1-434. Arx, J.A. v. & Miiller, E. (1975). A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. - Studies in Mycology 9: 159,. Barr, M.E. (1987). Prodromus to Class Loculoascomycetes. - Amherst, Massachusetts, published by the author. Eriksson, O.E. (1981). The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. - Opera Botanica 60: 1-220. a2 Eriksson, O.E. & D.E. Hawksworth (1991). Outline of the ascomycetes - 1990. - Systema Ascomycetum 9: 39- DTA Eriksson, O.E. & D.E. Hawksworth (1993). Outline of the ascomycetes - 1993. - Systema Ascomycetum 12: 51- 257), Hawksworth, D.L. (1985). A redisposition of the species referred to the ascomycete genus Microthelia. - Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 14: 43-181. Miller, E. & J. A. v. Arx (1962). Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. - Beitr. Kryptogamenflora Schweiz 11: 1-992. Pirozynski, K.A. (1972). Microfungi of Tanzania. Mycol. Pap. 129: 1-64. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 353-357 January-March 1996 Fungi from palms. XXV. Pestalosphaeria elaeidis. Kevin D. Hyde Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. Abstract Leptosphaeria elaeidis was described as an isolate from oil palm seedlings in Nigeria. Ascospores were brown and two septate, while asci were cylindrical with a J+ subapical ring. As the species was amphisphaeriaceous it was later transferred to Pestalosphaeria. In this paper, Pestalosphaeria elaeidis is redescribed and _ illustrated with interference contrast micrographs. Introduction The amphisphaeriaceous genus Pestalosphaeria M.E. Barr was introduced to accommodate P. concentrica M.E. Barr, a leaf spotting pathogen of Rhododendron. Characteristics included ascomata immersed under a slight clypeus, cylindrical asci with a J+ subapical ring, 2-septate striate brown ascospores and a Pestalotiopsis anamorph (Barr, 1975). Van der AA (1976) transferred Leptosphaeria elaeidis C. Booth & J.S. Robertson to Pestalosphaeria on account of the asci being unitunicate and provided with a J+ subapical ring. Further species were added by Nag Raj (1979, 1985), Samuels et al. (1987), Shoemaker & Simpson (1982) and Zhu et al. (1991). This brings the total number of Pestalosphaeria f 354 species to eight. In this paper, which is part of a series on the ascomycetes occurring on palms, Pestalosphaeria elaeidis is redescribed and illustrated. Keys to the genus are provided by Nag Raj (1985) and Zhu et al. (1991). A list of Pestalosphaeria species is provided on Table 1. Table 1. Pestalosphaeria species. P. accidenta P.L. Zhu, Q.X. Ge & T. Xu, Mycotaxon 40: 130. 1991. P. austro-americana Nag Raj & Dicosmo, Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 2494. 1979. P. concentrica M.E. Barr, Mycologia 67: 188. 1975. P. elaeidis (C. Booth & J.S. Robertson) Aa, Verh. K. ned. Akad. Wet. Ser 2 67: 87. 1976. P. hansenii Shoemaker & J.A. Simpson, Canadian Journal of Botany 59: 986. 1982. P. jinggangensis P.L. Zhu, Q.X. Ge & T. Xu, Mycotaxon 40: 133. 1991. P. leucospermi Samuels, E. Mill. & O. Petrini, Mycotaxon 28: 475. 1978. P. varia Nag Raj, Mycotaxon 22: 57. 1985. Taxonomy Pestalosphaeria elaeidis (Booth & Robertson) Aa, Verh. K. ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. 2, 67: 87. 1976. - Figs 1-11. = Leptosphaeria elaeidis C. Booth & J.S. Robertson, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 44: 24. 1961. Ascomata 120-150 pm diam, 200-250 pm _ high, subglobose, immersed in the mesophyll, ostiolate, brown, mostly solitary (Fig. 1). - Peridium 9-16 wm wide, comprising a few layers of brown-walled angular cells (Fig. 2). - Paraphyses hypha-like, poorly preserved, amphisphaeriaceous. 2) Figures 1-11. Interference contrast micrographs of Pestalosphaeria elaedis. 1. Section of ascoma. 2. Peridium. 3, 4. Unitunicate asci with J+ subapical ring. 5-9. Ascospores. 10, 11. Conidia. Bars=10 um 356 - Asci 86-102 x 6-8 wm, 8-spored, cylindrical, unitunicate, pedunculate, apically rounded, with a J+, subapical, wedge- shaped ring, 2 wm diam, 1.75-2 wm high. (Figs. 3, 4). - Ascospores 12-21 x 4.5-6 wm, uniseriate, ellipsoidal, or oblong inequilateral, brown, 2-septate, slightly constricted at the septa (Figs. 5-9). Conidia (23-) 27-34 x 6-7 (-10) um, fusiform to ellipsoidal, widest in the middle, 4-septate, middle three cells brown, concolorous, terminal cells hyaline, with 2-3 apical appendages and one basal appendage. Anamorph: Pestalotiopsis sp. Known distribution: Nigeria. Known host: Elaeis. Material examined: Nigeria, isolated from leaves of Elaeidis guineensis, Sept 1955, IMI 61175 (holotype). Booth & Robertson (1961) reported that Leptosphaeria elaeidis had also been isolated from sugarcane in Jamaica by Dr H.J. Hudson. I would suggest that it is unlikely that this is the same species. Numerous Pestalotiopsis species are recognized (Guba, 1961) and similarly one may expect that there are numerous Pestalosphaeria species, but this stage is rarely observed. Acknowledgments The curator of IMI is thanked for loan of type material. Margaret Barr is thanked for discussions concerning this taxon. Mr A.Y.P. Lee is thanked for photographic and Miss H. Leung is thanked for technical assistance. References Aa, H.A. van der (1976). Progress Report. - Verhandelingen der K Nederlandsche Akadamie van Wetenschappen 67: 86-87. B57 Barr, M.E. (1975). Pestalosphaeria, a new genus in the Amphisphaeriaceae. - Mycologia 67: 187-194. Booth, C. & Robertson, J.S. (1961). Leptosphaeria elaeidis sp. nov. isolated from anthracnosed tissue of oil palm seedlings. - Transactions of the British Mycological Society 44: 24-26. Guba, E.F. (1961). Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.. Nag Raj, T.R. (1985). Miscellaneous microfungi, III. - Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 2489-2496. Nag Raj, T.R. (1985). Redisposals and redescriptions in the Monochaetia - Seridium, Pestalotia - Pestalotiopsis complexes II, Pestalotiopsis besseyic (Guba) comb. nov. and Pestalosphaeria varia sp. nov. - Mycotaxon 22: 52- 63. Samuels, G.S., Miller, E. & Petrini, O. (1987). Studies in the Amphisphaeriaceae (sensu Lato) 3. New species of Monographella and Pestalosphaeria, and two new genera. - Mycotaxon 28: 473-499. Shoemaker, R.A. & Simpson, J.A. (1982). A new species of Pestalosphaeria on pine with comments on genetic placement of the anamorph. - Canadian Journal of Botany 59: 986-991. Zhu, P., Ge, Q. & Xu, T. (1991). The perfect stage of Pestalotiopsis from China. - Mycotaxon 40: 129-140. thea W, , ae ue : 5 \ rh! sulle @f : ‘ ee % ar ik ar an a k f ie Ah Xe held) al bas aya ple Le svete ni Panini: , mh Nee ey es a ll 1 } 4 i ve ; y r vg eh sah siden : yeah a kp mo = iy wes) i Ver oe i He ite Se i? vo “pth sik ¥ RF \ i ‘ i on seals i eae ; y arate a , way A a mw) i Ny ee " | ind es oo i ihe ; suing thncity . ‘ Wi A ri / f a \ f \ oD: 4 rail A M bh 1,45 ty it te t. ” nul i Mi be i whee ne Wi | ‘ N i st Ne ie ‘ ar i My a " ne ve sl ay suai rh Her i! a 2 aM ( nT Mi) iia aban Mt sng ; ee sev . i ; i Mey by it oR Hen Aa ees i a f Bad ve v Ma tn ; AY a, se at ra Ma fx as cons t ca A ‘ nh si Nearbit ny | ALD xa LF rhe } ¥ he. eh yh ; Feats na | S ( ota m } sss ON aa ¢ a a |! 4 ii By | Teton aunt ¥ f +e eae il 4 we AM Wt MIAN yl ites Mm \ a re { WP ATY or AN bey ii ' j is a M4 3 at: ae i an iM He 4 ea sh nu BURN Be NM ts) yt iy | fy we shah fee re Fe py foe eye afr ak A if er our Ty Reena As) 4 ; 1 of a me he an sel Oa : Pe | f= yah ri} a i wechh i sail ni ne 64 sie a nb Py, « bran rs 4 wean sr a ave i " b i me i “a | AN TAA Mena ay va) Pl, V7 aa es iia * ww i ' a ee ee ny! edn A a poet iy ‘ik s eA 0 ) A ema ee MG a a tal NO OIN eM er PMA Ie i i Tecan et anit Hy Y Te eh f ui) a ey Hy, Li 7 i aes nie ‘i 7 | a RUE Re Secale i 4 ia , shi sb eae sites rE ie) AS Oe 7 itt it, ' Me a, i he } aii he ie yy sit 4 be, CR me nie iN ied aii " ca o aa ud j aig 4 aed 1 i j isa . rie! ise " j . f t ‘ 7% is my 4 cai eae or { ‘ / , , " ma vs Vs ‘ Naa Une ae : om ; ae i! 1h aan tise Vee r Nite ya ive H : 4 , 41 ne y AA i iy | i) a fi \ , im nA NW rie ft aN i 4, ft Agi UR " , Li : [ rh ‘e JP afi) ee Ms ; § aie Ne ena ee Pon Pye ; 1 fe A } + ] hes XN % hela is, Me it 1 Ay OF of | , her -y oe ‘h i i a spend , ; } ‘ uh ‘f ° f i sae a 5 i es ’ f rer i on : Hes iy jak ie are 4 - c oh a er * ae et} —- es =" as = a ee ays Li he a uy i) » _2 uy BY i ay Wise Meine My ta su * y yew ; ya Mc ai hte a buele r va ir 1 n't a oo me Af We * ‘i 4 tee a a mt , ‘ Hi) Phan Nee ae, an iG Meany r f i a iaeath one As % ree He 1 ain) h ) a in A hy i ety" Feel Rae © ay 1 WV UP! ae | AG ohae , : ne hs yo ay cs MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 359-369 January-March 1996 PAULIA CAESPITOSA SP. NOV. AND P. WRIGHTII COMB. NOV. (LICHINACEAE, ASCOMYCOTINA) Mauro Tretiach Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita’ degli Studi di Trieste Via Giorgieri 10, | - 34127 Trieste, Italy Aino Henssen Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universitat, Karl-von-Frisch-StraBe, D - 35032 Marburg/Lahn, Germany Abstract - The lichen species Paulia caespitosa Tretiach & Henssen is described as new from Chihuahua, Mexico. It is characterized by a fruticulose, blackish thallus with branched and terete lobules, a non-amyloid hymenium, and eight-spored asci. The new combination Paulia wrightii (Tuck.) Tretiach & Henssen is proposed, and a new locality of this species is reported. The differences among Paulia species with a subfruticulose habit are discussed. Introduction The authors have recently started a revision of the Lichinaceae (Ascomycotina) of the Sonora Desert (SW North America) in the framework of the "Sonoran Desert Lichen Flora Project" directed by Prof. Th. H. Nash Ill (Arizona State University). When studying the samples preserved in ASU, one of us (M.T.) examined a small, fruticose lichen distributed as Peccania sp. indet. by Weber in Lich. Exs. 576. This lichen has short, cylindrical conidia, and therefore does not belong to the genus Peccania which has filiform, sigmoid pycnospores (Massalongo 1856). A more detailed morphological and xanatomical analysis revealed that the lichen distributed by Weber could be better placed in Paulia. However, none of the known species of Paulia (Henssen 1986, Henssen & Jergensen 1990, Henssen & 360 Tretiach 1994) corresponds to this peculiar, fruticose lichen, whose formal description is given below. Furthermore, some cyanophilic lichens described by Tuckerman were also_ investigated for comparison. Omphalaria wrightii was of special interest, because some characters that are mentioned in the diagnosis and in the description given by Nylander (1876) indicated that the species might be a member of Paulia. The examination of the type material revealed that O. wrightii is indeed a Paulia species, and the new combination is proposed herein. Material and Methods The acronyms of the herbaria follow Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al. 1990); hb. Henssen refers to the private herbarium of the author. Sections of the lichen were prepared by means of a cryostat microtome (Reichert Histostat) or a freezing microtome (Jung), and embedded in lactic-glycerine and cotton- blue, with or without phenol, or in erythrosin; semi-permanent slides are kept in TSB and hb. Henssen. For studying the iodine reaction, Lugol's solution was added to sections and squash preparations without pretreatment with KOH. Specimens were photographed in a dry condition if not indicated otherwise. The measurements given refer to semi-permanent preparations in LPCB. C. 30 ascospores from different thalli were measured. The foilowing material was studied for comparison: Paulia gibbosa Henssen: Bermuda, Smith's parish, North Point, on limestone at seashore, 1964, Henssen 17277b (MB - holotypus). Paulia glomerata Henssen & Tretiach: Slovenia, upper Isonzo Valley, between Zaga and Bovec, Rio Boka fall, on calcareous face, c. 380 m, 1993, G. Bolognini, A. Rondi & M. Tretiach 16851 (TSB - holotypus, hb. Henssen - isotypus). P. japonica Asahina: Japan, Shikoku, prov. Tosa, Mt Yokogura, on calcareous rocks, 1931, Fujikawa (TNS - holotypus). Results and Discussion Paulia caespitosa Tretiach & Henssen sp. nov. (Figs. 1-2) Thallus nigricans, fruticulosus, ad 10-15 mm latus, ramosissimus, olivaceo-viridis sed subtus pallidior, homoiomerus. Laciniae erectae, usque ad 0.25-0.35 mm latae, dense ramosae, strato amorpho hyalinoque protectae. Hyphae reticulum regulare formantes. Cyanobions ad ordo Chroococcales pertinens, cellulae c. 10-20 x 7-12 um latae; particulae in vaginam gelatinosam depositae. Apothecia immersa, rara, disco fusco margine thallodes circumdato. Hymenium in iodo non caerulescens, paraphysibus ramificatis excipulumque proprium destitutum. Asci cylindracei, 80-120 x 10-14 (-17) jm, octospori. Sporae simplices, hyalinae, subsphaericae vel rarius ellipsoideae, 11-16 x 9-14 um, halonatae; halo crassus, C. 2-3 (-4.5) um latus. Pycnidia immersa, punctiformia, impresso indicata; conidia simplicia, cylindrica, 3-5 x 1 um. 361 Type: University of Colorado Museum, Lich. Exs. 576. México, southwestern Chihuahua, Mpio. Bocoyna, valley of Basiguare, 21 km S of Cusarare; on dripping ledges above stream in pine-oak forest, c. 2000 m sm. Small fruticose lichen with Xanthocapsa as phycobiont, ecorticate but with dense medulla, forming solid crumbly stands on vertical rock faces, 1 August 1977, W.A. Weber & Robert Bye (COLO -holotypus; ASU, FH, GZU, H, MIN, S, TSB, hb. Henssen - /sotypi). Thallus black, greenish when wet, fruticulose, to 10 - 15 mm in diam., richly branched, attached by a thick rhizoid strand to the substratum. Lobules erected, to 0.25-0.35 mm in diam., ramified, with the surface covered by a thick, hyaline layer penetrated by thin hyphae. Hyphae of the lobules 1-2 um wide, forming a thin mesh around the cells of the cyanobiont, that are penetrated by haustoria. Cyanobiont probably a member of the Chroococcales, cells single or more rarely in pairs, 10-20 x 7-12 um, with a thick gelatinous sheath that is evidently zonate and often filled by particles. Apothecia rare, immersed, to 0.15 mm wide, surrounded by a thick thalline margin, with a reddish-brown disc, flat and circular in shape. Hymenium not amyloid, with a well- developed subhymenium, formed by a hyphal network staining strongly blue in LPCB, limited by a thin layer of branched hyphae at its margin. Paraphyses richly branched and anastomosing, 1-1.5 (-2) um wide. Asci cylindrical, 80-120 x 10-14 (-17) wm, regularly 8-spored, the walls appressed to the ascospores, and a I- uniform gelatinous outer layer. Ascospores usually uniseriate, simple, colourless, sphaerical or broadly ellipsoid, 11-16 x 9-14 um, with a thick, two-layered wall, better visible in water mounts, 2-3 (-4.5) um thick. Sometimes, some bigger, aberrant ascospores, up to 23 x 15 um, are present. Pycnidia immersa, simple; conidia cylindrical, c. 3-5 x 1 um. The epithet "caespitosa" refers to the characteristic growth-form of the thallus, formed by clustered, terete lobules. REMARKS ON MORPHOLOGY AND THALLUS STRUCTURE - The fruticulose thalli of Paulia caespitosa are formed by terete, branched lobules, ovoid or irregularly cylindrical in shape, densely aggregated together (Fig. 1 D), with a thick, hyaline layer on the surface (Fig. 2 D). Young thalli form small, regular, spherical cushions (Fig. 1 A-B), resembling in their morphology Synalissa symphorea (Ach.) Nyl., and are 362 attached to the substratum by a thick rhizoidal strand, up to 0.4 mm in diam. Old thalli are often more irregular in shape, because some portions of the cushions have been lost, and the remaining parts are connected only by branches (Fig. 1 C) with a central strand of highly agglutinated, thick-walled hyphae, and a thin layer of surrounding tissue (Fig. 2 A-B). However, in old, irregular thalli the lobules are densely aggregated together, and the protruding tips of the lobules, up to 0.35 mm in diam, form the external surface. As in other species of Paulia, the cells of the cyanobiont are frequently elongated when penetrated by the finger-like haustoria of the mycobiont; their gelatinous sheath is usually filled with particles of unknown nature (Henssen 1986), distinctly visible by DIC in water mounts (Fig. 2 E). Only rarely, near the lichen surface, the sheath of the cyanobiont cells is pigmented. The newly described species is rarely fertile (Fig. 1 G); however, the abundant material distributed by Weber allowed to verify that the apothecia arise from a cone-shaped hyphal web of generative tissue, as is characteristic of other species of Paulia. An excipulum is not developed (Fig. 2 C), the ascospores are regularly uniseriate (Fig. 2 F-H) in cylindrical asci (Fig. 2 G), and the paraphyses are slightly branched and anastomosing. Pycnidia are more frequent than apothecia. They are rather small, and their wall is not convoluted. In this species the cylindrical conidia are larger than in other species of the same genus, reaching 5 um in length (Fig. 2 |). ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION - The newly-described Paulia caespitosa was collected on limestone, on a vertical face within a mixed wood with Cupressus arizonica, Pinus engelmannii, P. strobiliformis, and Quercus crassifolia. In this locality the species was fairly common, and it was easy to collect 60 samples which were then distributed as exsiccatum (Weber, pers. comm.). SYSTEMATIC REMARKS - The core of the genus Paulia is formed by 9 species that are rather uniform in habit, having orbicular thalli with an effigurate, crenulate or slightly lobate margin (Henssen 1986, Henssen & Jergensen 1990). Two other species of this genus, P. glomerata and P. japonica, have a more or less fruticulose habitus (Henssen & Jergensen 1990, Henssen & Tretiach 1995); they differ from P. caespitosa in external morphology and in the size of the conidia. Paulia glomerata has been recently described from the Southeastern Alps (Henssen & Tretiach 1995) where it is locally 363 Fig. 1 - Habit photographs of Paulia species. A-C, P. caespitosa, holotypus: A, upper view of a young thallus; B, lateral view of the same thallus; C, upper view of an old, irregular thallus; D, P. caespitosa, isotype hb. Henssen: clustered, terete lobules. E, P. glomerata, hb. Henssen RN 92/22: glomerate thallus in surface view. F: P. japonica, holotypus: fruticulose thallus in surface view. G: P. caespitosa, isotype TSB 19998: tips of lobules with immersed apothecia and pycnidia (arrows). Scale bars A-F 1mm; G0.3 mm. 364 common on calcareous substrata from c. 200 to 1600 m, in gorges with a humid topoclimate. This species corresponds in some characters to P. caespitosa. Both species have a non-amyloid hymenium and a similar spore size, c. 13-17 x 11-15 um in P. glomerata, and 11-16 x 9-14 um in P. caespitosa. However, the thalli of P. glomerata are formed either by compact glomerules connected by whitish rhizoidal strands (Fig. 1 E), or by imbricate, flattened lobules, both of which are attached to the substratum by an umbilicus or by several rhizoidal strands. The thalli of this species are often rather thick, and never minutely divided into clustered, terete lobules as occurs in P. caespitosa. In P. glomerata the apothecia are very rare, and often degenerated, and the asci usually contain a reduced number of spores. The latter species is dispersed by means of "naked" soredia (Henssen & Tretiach 1995) produced on the external surface of the thallus. Sometimes, these vegetative propagules start to grow on the rhizoidal strand itself, forming new lobules at the base of the thallus. Naked soredia were observed occasionally also in P. caespitosa. Paulia japonica is known only from the Japanese archipelago (Asahina 1958, Henssen 1986). This species has a fruticulose thallus, 8-15 mm broad, that is more or less divided into narrow, branched, convex lobes with an uneven surface (Fig. 1 F). The lobes are discrete or imbricate, and covered by numerous, immersed apothecia. The hymenium of P. japonica is non-amyloid, as occurs in P. caespitosa, and the spores are elongated, measuring 18-21.5 x 11-14 um. When compared to vertical sections of peltate Paulia species, P. caespitosa is only morphologically similar to P. gibbosa, a Caribbean species with a regularly tessellate thallus formed by aggregated outgrowths and long stipitate apothecia (Henssen 1986). In P. caespitosa, however, the clustered lobules are evidently cylindrical and branched, and the vertical growth is more irregular. A further difference is the reaction of the hymenium to iodine, that is positive in P. gibbosa, and negative in P. caespitosa. Fig. 2 - Anatomy of Paulia caespitosa (holotypus): A, base of rhizoidal strand; B, layer of tissue covering the strand formed by thick-walled hyphae; C, young apothecium; D, hyaline layer on the surface of a lobule; E, cells of the cyanobionts with the zonate, gelatinous sheath filled by particles; F, eight-spored ascus; G, young ascus with gelatinous outer layer; H, thick-walled spores; |, conidia. A-D: microtome sections in LPCB; E-|: squashes by DIC. Scale bars A, B 100 um; C 150 um; D 50 um; E-H 10 pm; 1 20 um. 365 366 Paulia wrightii (Tuck.) Tretiach & Henssen comb. nov. Basyon.: Omphalaria wrightii Tuck. Gen. Lich.: 72 (1872). Syn.: Synalissa wrightii (Tuck.) Nyl., Flora 59: 558 (1876). - Peccania wrightii (Tuck.) Forssell, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 13 (6): 90 (1885). - Lempholemma_ wrightii (Tuck.) Henssen, Lichenologist 4: 103 (1969). Type collection: on rocks, Guajuybon, May 8, in ins. Cuba, C. Wright of 1868, N. ser. 2, 46, hb Tuckerman, FH! (holotypus); H - Nyl 42697!, FH ex Herb. Willey!, S! (/sotypy). (Fig. 3) Thallus fruticose, orbicular, a few millimeters tall, up to 25 mm in diam. (Fig. 3 A), composed of dichotomously branched lobules attached to the substratum by a compact, white umbilicus formed by thickened hyphae (Fig. 3 B). Lobules cylindrical (Fig. 3 D), 0.15-0.25 mm in section, clavate at their tip when bearing an immersed apothecium (Fig. 3 C). Surface of the lobules smooth and glossy, covered by a thick, gelatinous layer penetrated by thin hyphae. Hyphae of the lobules less than 1 mm wide, forming a mesh around the cells of the cyanobiont, penetrated by haustoria. Cyanobiont probably a member of Chroococcales, cells singly, small, up to 15-25 x 10-20 um, with a thick gelatinous sheath more or less zonate, often with deposited particles. Apothecia numerous, immersed, terminal or subterminal, to 0.6 mm wide, with a pale brown disc, flat or slightly depressed and circular in shape. Hymenium non-amyloid, subhymenium well-developed, formed by a hyphal network staining Strongly blue in LPCB (Fig. 3 G). Paraphyses branched and anastomosing, 1-1.5 mm thick (Fig. 3 H). Asci cylindrical, regularly 8- spored, 90-125 x 15-20 um, wall appressed to the spores, I- (Fig. 3 1). Ascospores uniseriate, simple, colorless, sphaerical or broadly ellipsoid, (15-) 17-20 (-25) x 10-15 um, with a two-layered wall, 4-6 um thick (Fig. 3 F). Pycnidia immersed, conidia bacilliform, 1 x 2 um. Fig. 3 - Paulia wrightii (A-C and F-|, holotypus; D-E, isotypus H-Nyl). A, fruticose thallus in surface view; B, branched lobules and umbilicus (arrow); C, terminal, immersed apothecia; D, tips of the peripheral lobules; E, cone-shaped primordium of apothecium; F, thick-walled ascospores; G, cross-section of a mature apothecium; H, hymenium; |, eight-spored ascus. Scale bars A, B2.5mm; C, D 1 mm; E 80 um; F, | 20 um; G 125 um; H 50 um. 367 368 DISTRIBUTION - The species was only known from the type locality of Gaujuybon, the “os coggygria of the island (Western Cuba)" (Wright, in litt.). However, in FH two specimens of P. wrightii collected in Jamaica (without further indications of locality), are also preserved; they presumably come from the herb. Hasse because the labels are obviously written by his hand. The material is morphologically identical with the original collection. SYSTEMATIC REMARKS - Tuckerman (1872) in his comments to the newly described Omphalaria wrightii, stressed the very peculiar habit of this lichen, "perhaps the most elegant, fruticulose Collemeine lichen Known as yet to science”. This peculiarity is obvious by the different interpretations of its systematic position given by subsequent authors. A few years later the species was transferred to Synalissa by Nylander (1876), who noted, however, the deviating greenish color of the species. Forssell (1885) placed it in Peccania, although he was aware that its conidia were short, and not filiform as in typical Peccania species (Forssell 1885, p. 88). More recently, Henssen (1969) placed the species in the genus Lempholemma on account of its fruticose thallus, resembling that of L. fennicum. The external morphology of O. wrightii recalls also Lichina species, but thallus Structure and apothecial development are clearly those of the genus Paulia. By the true fruticose habit, P. wrightii occupies a rather isolated position within the genus. The limited fruticulose growth- forms of P. glomerata, P. Japonica, and P. caespitosa might be interpreted as modifications of an either lobate (P. glomerata, P. Japonica) or tessellate rosette-shaped thallus (P. caespitosa). In our opinion however, the deviating habit of P. wrighti is not sufficient to establish a new monotypic genus. Conclusion The inclusion of a further fruticulose (Paulia caespitosa), and a true fruticose species (P. wrightii) reveals an unexpected large morphological diversity of the genus Paulia. However, all the species of this genus are well characterized by the following anatomical characters: eight-spored asci, with uniseriate, thick-walled spores, primordium of apothecia cone-shaped, intensively staining in LPCB, and strongly gelatinous thalli, with a thin hyphal network, the meshes surrounding the single cells of the cyanobiont. 369 | Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Curators of the Herbaria cited in this work for their cooperation, and to Prof. W.A. Weber (University of Colorado) for the informations on the ecology of the new species, and for his generous hospitality to one of us (M.T.) during his visit to the Herbarium of the University of Colorado. M.T. thanks Prof. T.H. Nash Ill (Arizona State University) who offered him a post-doc grant to study the Lichinaceae of the Sonora Desert, and Dr. R. Robertson (Arizona State University) who permitted the use of his microscopes. The study of M.T. has been supported by MURST funds, responsible Prof. P.L. Nimis (University of Trieste), and by National Science Foundation grant BSR 9201111, responsible Prof. T.H. Nash Ill. Financial support has been received by A.H. from the Deutsche Forschunggemeinschaft. References Asahina Y., 1958. Lichenologische Notizen (§ 140-142). J. Jap. Bot. 33: 129-133. Forssell K.B.J., 1885. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Anatomie und Systematik der Gloeolichenen. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 13 (6): 1-118. Henssen A., 1969. An interesting new species of Lempholemma from Canada. Lichenologist 4: 99-104. Henssen A., 1986. The genus Paulia (Lichinaceae). Lichenologist 18: 201-229. Henssen A. & P.M. Jorgensen, 1990. New combinations and synonyms in the Lichinaceae. Lichenologist 22: 137-147. Henssen A. & M. Tretiach, 1995. Paulia glomerata, a new epilithic lichen species from Europe, and additional notes on other Paulia species. Nova Hedwigia, in press. Massalongo A., 1856. De nonnullis Collemaceis ex __ tribu Omphalariearum brevis commentatio. Flora 14: 209-215. Nylander W., 1876. Collemacei, Caliciei, Cladoniei et Thelotremei Cubani novi. Flora 59: 558-562. Tuckerman E., 1872. Genera lichenum: an arrangement of the North American lichens. E. Nelson, Amherst, 283 pp. > . ie 5 I fe 4 AN » AS Coe ae A Acne Reh oe aie ei oa i Sry : oi iy - “eb : - iy by mys oh oH . y NS Teed mn fy wat a \" its bi he ‘ ¥ ae 5 ™ ay diepak): t Berek nts *, rae i ne ys 4 Piast pep eraed.ta ' ne - 4 as hf en y Seite “ae “alte ~ ; ce | Pe y a 7 2: hoe of { hig “ ? Or ay Ai ie * Cals "ak! mt " nf aie A Samir * tae x“ a } be vy 10 ery 0c Ws a?! a > mh ys - pert: py 0" Blah inte bares th . | 4 st salsa wih stint an aie oi futon At abet ? ea Be ; } j \ ? reat Ne i itt Ms Pt i hw) 3 rs cae 4 i 1 eT M, aT Py aan me i yy! ye ret a ie Wo in e ry ini ie, a y. ie = ag ; i iets: " o a* i‘? ¥ : tonal ce ep rar dr Cae mutes ot ny en re ts igs pi ied ' oR . - be / i shai Ana S, if ANP a a Retina j va ai? 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Se iy fut unt et eh 2 pene bassist Hse tabi. re nasi iui hee vig ere, oe at: nye Res ta Pd we she Php eee ee Pe wash , * r a id 7 i ie b< ea, ae Le Nm by tea ity i, Rak uh ees ie) “eles é Gt Mey eee age at Sie ts i ak: he Ly Gi eh opts gad Ob dy " anit teenth § ., pri ge gets ea ae iS Mea (oy ri wy oat BD iW ‘eed maha © ? | si Aa re i a ; ie mene Ny Hag andi nied ie Pili Mac) Bi Ces piesa Mies iS ace Be aia senor nae # pei a : a ae? sat i ie, mela: fits He ie yayeiny a Mes Die: Bay oA jae HOM Bi a cae har a mas ae is Ae MYCOTAZON Volume LVI, pp. 371-390 January-March 1996 SPECIES OF ASCOMYCOTA FORMING ECTOMYCORRHIZAE LEONOR C. MAIA\, ADRIANA M. YANO! and JAMES W. KIMBROUGH? ‘Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brasil. {Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida. Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA. ABSTRACT A current list of ectomycorrhizae-forming Ascomycota and their respective hosts is provided. Three orders, Elapho- mycetales, Leotiales and Pezizales, are represented by 14 families containing 42 genera (two anamorphs) and more than 100 species. References on Ascomycota and host species suspected of being in mycorrhizal association are also presented. Key words: ectomycorrhiza, Ascomycota, Leotiales, Pezizales, Elaphomycetales. INTRODUCTION More than 100 years have passed since the first reports about the association between fungi and roots of vascular plants were published. At the beginning of these studies the nature of the association was not well defined, and the phenomenon was misunderstood. Trappe (1971a) reports that Tulasne & Tulasne (1841) considered the association between Elaphomyces and roots of vascular plants as parasitic, while Vittadini (1831) concluded that this association was beneficial to the host. In his classic work, Frank (1885) was the first to describe the relationship between hyphal fungi and roots as “Mykorrhizen’, since the fungi formed a mantle surrounding the root. In 1887, Frank applied the term “ectotrophic” to better describe the association. The work of Melin (1923, 1925) confirmed the symbiotic character of mycorrhizae. Currently, the mycorrhizal habit is known to be widespread on a great variety of plant species. As pointed out by Marks & Foster (1973), “mycorrhizal formation appears to be the rule rather than the exception among forest trees.” Different groups of mycorrhizae have been distinguished, according to their morphological characters. Ectomycorrhizae are recognized by the presence of a fungal mantle which — encloses the rootlet, while the mycelium penetrates the cortex, forming an intercellular system known as the Hartig 312 net around the cortical cells (Harley & Smith, 1983). Formed almost exclusively by the fungal partner, this structure has a characteristic color, form, and arrangement, although among different genera variations in external appearance and internal cell arrangement have been observed (Zak, 1973). Considering the characteristic features of an ecto- mycorrhiza, it is easy to understand why it was the first kind of mycorrhiza to be observed and described. Trappe (1971a) indicated that the first group of ectomycorrhizal fungi studied were Ascomycota. Thus, the only' species mentioned by Frank (1885) when he coined the term mycorrhiza was Tuber aestivum Vittad., and the first papers with detailed drawings of roots showing the anatomical relationship between hosts and certain fungi were those with Elaphomyces spp. (Trappe, 1971a; Agerer, 1986). Although mycorrhiza-forming Ascomycota have been known since that time, much research is needed in order to determine the highest possible number of fungi and vascular plants forming mycorrhizal relationships. Many general papers’ about ectomycorrhizae have been published relating to structural, morphological, physiological, genetic, taxonomic, and ecological aspects (Marks & Kozlowski, 1973; Cooke, 1977; Marks & Krupa, 1978; Mikola, 1980; Schenck, 1982; Harley & Smith, 1983; Agerer, 1986). Data about fungal species and associated vascular plants were published by Trappe (1962, 1964, 1971a) more than twenty years ago. Harley & Harley (1987) presented a check-list of mycorrhizae in the British flora but they mentioned only the plant species. Recent data should be summarized since many new additions have been made. The objective of this paper is to provide an up-to-date 1istus.oFf ectomycorrhiza-forming Ascomycota and their respective hosts along with a list of suspected but unconfirmed associations. Ascomycota have established symbiotic relationships with a wide variety of photosynthetic plants. This paper, however, will not include ectendomycorrhizae, ericoid mycorrhizae, or endophytes of ferns, mosses, and other plants. Throughout this paper authors of fungal names are spelled following Kirk & Ansell (1992); author citations were simplified based on the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. TAXA OF MYCORRHIZAL ASCOMYCOTA Species of ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota in general share some characters which identify their symbiotic condition. Their ascomata can be found near mycorrhizal vascular plants which do not have any sign of disease, a sheath is present on the root system and a Hartig net is formed by hyphae with characteristic ascomycete pores (Kope & Warcup, 1986). Moreover, the fungal species isolated from mycorrhizal roots do not grow easily in culture (Trappe, 1971a). Species which fit these characteristics have been classified in three orders: Elaphomycetales, Leotiales, and Pezizales (including Tuberales). 373 ELAPHOMYCETALES This order has a esingle family and one- genus: Elaphomyces. It is characterized by formation of globose asci, distributed randomly through the ascoma. There is no hymenium. Trappe (1971a) suggested that probably all species of Elaphomyces are ectomycorrhizal. The genus has been known to be symbiotic with roots since the earliest mycorrhizal studies. Along with Cenococcum (anamorph of E/aphomyces anthracinus), it can be considered one of the most widespread ectomycorrhizal genera based on its host range. LEOTIALES The Leotiales (= Helotiales, after Carpenter, 1988) are represented by 11 families, 350 genera and 2000 species (Kendrick, 1992), few of which are mentioned as forming ectomycorrhiza. These fungi are epigean Discomycetes characterized by having inoperculate asci, usually with an apical pore, in apothecia of varying morphology not formed within a stroma. PEZIZALES This order of Discomycetes has 150 genera and 900 species (Kendrick, 1992) and includes a wide variety of fungi. The members of this order have cylindrical to clavate asci and paraphyses arranged ina distinct hymenium. In some families the ascus has an apical or subapical operculum through which the unicellular ascospores are violently discharged. In families such as Geneaceae and Tuberaceae, where the species form hypogeous ascomata, the spores are not forcibly liberated. These species have persistent asci but without a mechanism for forcible spore discharge (Trappe, 1971a). Due to their particular habit, they have developed different methods for passive spore dispersal such as a characteristic smell of some ascomata that attracts animals, especially mammals. For many small rodents, hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi have been shown to be a vital part of their survival and distribution (Maser et al., 1978). Genera representing eight families of Pezizales are known to be associated with vascular plant roots forming ectomycorrhiza. Among these genera, Tuber has the highest number of associated hosts. The position of families and genera cited in the list is based on those outlined by Trappe (1979) and Eriksson & Hawksworth (1987). References are provided for. all mycorrhizal associations. A number of mycorrhizal-host relationships have been proposed but not confirmed. They are indicated by an asterisk (*). ELAPHOMYCETALES ELAPHOMYCETACEAE Regarding the genus Cenococcum, anamorph of Elaphomyces anthracinus, only the references to new additions after Trappe (1962, 1964) are cited since an extensive list of mycorrhizal hosts associated with Cenococcum was already presented there. 374 FUNGUS, HOST, and REFERENCE Cenococcum geophilum Fr. Alnus crispa - Godbout & Fortin, 1983; A. rubra - Brunner et al., 1990; A. rugosa - Godbout & Fortin, 1983; Betula pendula - Newton 1991; Newton & Pigott, 1991a, 1991b; Castanopsis fissa - Tam & Griffiths, 1993a; Dryas integrifolia - Bledsoe et al., 1990; Eucalyptus delegatensis, E. obliqua, and E—. regnans - Warcup, 1991; Hemitomes congestum - Castellano & Trappe, 1985; Larix laricina - Samson & Fortin, 1986; Zhu & Navratil, 1987; L. occidentalis - Molina & Trappe, 1982; Picea mariana - Samson & Fortin, 1986; P. sitchensis - Molina & Trappe, 1982; Pinus contorta - Danielson & Visser, 1989; Molina & Trappe, 1982; P. monticola and P. ponderosa - Molina ST rappe, wat9Se, eee radiata i Garrido. mm LobOnmas sylvestris - Termorshuizen & Schaffers, 1991; P. virginiana - Kroehler et al., 1988; Pleuricospora fimbriolata - Castellano & Trappe, 1985; Potenti/la hyperactiva - Bledsoe et al., 1990; Pseudotsuga menziesii .- Molina & £Trappe, 1982; Pterospora andromedea - Castellano & Trappe, 1985; Quercus alba - Dixon et al., 1993; @. myrsinaefolia - Tam & Griffiths, 1993a; 1993b; @. robur - Newton, 1991; Newton & Pigott, 1991a, 1991b; Salix artica - Bledsoe et al., 1990; S. rotundifolia - Kroehler et al., 1988; Tilia cordata - Pigott, 1982; Tristania obovata -Alexander & Hogberg, 1986; Tsuga canadensis - Trappe, 1962; Kropp & Trappe, 1982; 7. heterophylla -Trappe, 1962; Kropp & Trappe, 1982; Christy et al., 1982; Molina & Trappe, 1982; T. mertensiana - Massicotte et al., 1992. Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (as Cenococcum graniforme (Sow. ) Ferd. & Winge Abies alba - Berndt et al., 1990; A. religiosa - Trappe & Salinas Quinard, 1966; Pinus caribaea - Elwebelam, 1980; P. caribaea var. hondurensis Kasuya et al., 1990; P. oocarpa’ - Ekwebelam, 1980; Quercus petrea - Danielson & Pruden, 1989. Cenococcum spp. Helianthemum sp. - Harley & Smith, 1983; Pinus sylvestris - Erland & Soderstrom, 1990. Elaphomyces anthracinus Vittad. Betula sp. - Eckblad, 1962; Fagus sylvatica - Eckblad, 1962; Quercus f 1lex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q. ilex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991. Elaphomyces asperulus Vittad. Abies amabilis, A. procera - Trappe, 1971a; Betula spp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris - Eckblad, 1962; Pseudotsuga menziesii - Trappe, 1971a; Quercus spp. - Eckblad, 1962. Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. (= E. cervinus) Abies amabilis, A. procera - Trappe, 1971a; Alnus spp., Betula spp.; Fagus sylvatica - Eckblad, 1962; Boulard & Dominik, 1966; Alvarez et al., 1993; Juniperus communis - Eckblad, 1962; Picea abies - Dominik & Packlewski, 1956; Eckblad, 1962; P. engelmannii - Fogel & Trappe, 1976; Pinus spp. - Khokhryakov, 1956; P. banksiana - Danielson, 1979; P. contorta - Fogel & Trappe, 1976; P. 375 monticola - Trappe, 1971a; P. ponderosa - States, 1983; P. radiata - Garrido, 1986; P. sylvestris - Reess, 1885; Pachlewski, 1967; Alvarez et al., 1993; Quercus sp. - Alvarez et al., 1993; Tsuga canadensis - Kropp & Trappe, 1982; T. diversifolia - Trappe, 1976; 7. heterophylla - Trappe, 1971a; T. mertensiana - Kropp & Trappe, 1982. Elaphomyces guangdongensis BG chang Castanopsis sp. - Zhang, 1991 Elaphomyces leveillei Tul. Corylus cornuta - Eckblad, 1962 Elaphomyces morretti Vittad. Tsuga canadensis - Kropp & Trappe,1982 Elaphomyces muricatus Fr. Abies amabilis - Trappe, 1971a; Alnus spp. and Betula spp. - Eckblad, 1962; Castanea sativa and Fagus sylvatica - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Juniperus communis - Eckblad, 1962; Monotropha hypopitys - Castellano & Trappe, 1985; Picea abies -Eckblad, 1962; Pinus sylvestris - Eckblad, 1962; Miller & Miller, 1984; Pleuriscopora fimbriolata - Castellano & Trappe, 1985; Quercus pyrenaica - Alvarez et al., 1993; Tsuga heterophylla and T. mertensiana - Kropp & Trappe, 1982. Elaphomyces mutabilis Vittad. Abies firma, Castanopsis chinensis, Lithocarpus sp., and Pinus massoniana - Zhang, 1991. Elaphomyces miyabeanus S. Imai Ulmus japonica - Imai, 1929 Elaphomyces nopporensis S. Imai Ulmus Japonica - Imai, 1929 Elaphomyces persoonii Vittad. Castanea sativa - Alvarez et al., 1993 Elaphomyces reticulatus Vittad. Corylus cornuta - Eckblad, 1962; Pinus ponderosa - Fogel © & Trappe, 1976. Elaphomyces trappei R. Galan & G. Moreno Cistus ladanifer - Moreno et al., 1991; Alvarez et al., 1993 Elaphomyces subviscidus (Zeller) Trappe & Guzman Pinus ponderosa - Fogel & Trappe, 1976 Elaphomyces variegatus Vittad. Picea sitchensis - Trappe, 1971a; Pinus sylvestris - Reess & Fisch, 1887; Lewton-Brain, 1901; Tsuga heterophylla - Trappe, 197 1a. Elaphomyces verrucosus B. O. Dodge Pinus ponderosa - States, 1983 Elaphomyces viridiseptum Trappe & Kimbr. Host undefined - Trappe & Kimbrough, 1972 Elaphomyces sp. Allocasuarina Jittoralis, Casuarina equisetifolia, C. cunninghamiana, and Eucalyptus sp. - Theodorou & Reddell, 1991 LEOTIALES GEOGLOSSACEAE Cudonia circinans (Pers.) Fr. Picea abies - Klinkova, 1954 Cudonia confusa Bres. Picea abies - Klinkova, 1954 376 Spathularia flavida Pers. Picea abies, Pinus mugo, P. pence - Klinkova, 1954 LEOTIACEAE Neocudoniella radicella L. M. Kohn, Summerb. & Malloch Picea spp. - Kohn et al., 1986 PEZIZALES ASCOBOLACEAE Boudiera tracheia (Rehm ex Gamundi) Dissing & T. Schumacher Melaleuca uncinata - Warcup, 1990. Muciturbo reticulatus P. H. B. Talbot Acacia sp., Casuarina sp., and Eucalyptus maculata - Warcup & Talbot, 1989; E&. obliqua - Warcup & Talbot, 1989; Warcup, 1990; Gompholobium sp., Melaleuca sp., Poranthera sp., and Pultanaea sp. - Warcup & Talbot, 1989. Muciturbo truncatus P. H. B. Talbot Acacia sp. and Eucalyptus sp. - Warcup & Talbot, 1989. Muciturbo verrucosus P. H. B. Talbot Acacia sp. - Warcup & Talbot, 1989. BALSAMIACEAE Balsamia magnata Harkn. Pinus ponderosa - States, 1983 Balsamia nigrens Harkn. Pinus jeffrey? - Trappe, 1971a Balsamia platyspora Berk. & Broome Tilia sp. - Bussetti, 1962 Balsamia vulgaris Vittad. Cistus albidus - Moreno et al., 1991; Alvarez et al., 1993; Corylus avellana - Alvarez et al., 1993; Quercus spp. — Mattirolo, 1932; Tilia tomentosa - Bussetti, 1962 Barssia oregonensis Gilkey Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga menziesii —- Trappe, 1971a; Tsuga heterophylla - Kropp & Trappe, 1982. Picoa carthusiana Tul. Pseudotsuga menziesii = Trappe, 1971a; Tsuga heterophylla - Kropp & Trappe, 1982 GENEACEAE Genea anthracnina Heblack & R. B. Stewart Pinus resinosa - Stewart & Heblack, 1979 Genea gardneri Gilkey Tsuga heterophylla - Kropp & Trappe, 1982 Genea harknessii Gilkey Tsuga heterophylla - Kropp & Trappe, 1982 Genea klotzschii Berk. & Broome Carpinus betulus - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Corylus avellana and Pinus pinea- Alvarez et al., 1993; Quercus petraea and Tilia spp. - Fontana & Centrella, 1967 Genea verrucosa Vittad. Carpinus betulus - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Cistus albidus and Quercus ilex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q. 71lex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991 Genabea cerebriformis (Harkn.) Trappe (as Myrmecocystis cerebriformis Harkn. Pseudotsuga menziesii - Trappe, 1971a Srp | HELVELLACEAE Fischerula subcaulis Trappe Abies procera and Pseudotesuga menziesi fe Trappe, 1975 Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. Pinus sylvestris - Peyronel, 1929; Pinus sp. - Orlos, 1961; Populus tremula - Ulbrich, 1936 Gyromitra infula (Schaeff.) Quél. Picea abies - Ulbrich, 1936; Klinkova, 1954 Gyromitra sichuanensis Korf & W. Y. Zhuang Picea sichuanensis and Quercus pannosa - Korf & Zhuang, 1985 Helvella corium (0. Weberb.) Massee Salix sp. - Laursen & Chmielewski, 1980 Helvella crispa Scop. Fagus sylvatica - Ulbrich, 1936 Hydnotrya cerebriformis Harkn. Abies lasiocarpa - Fogel & Trappe, 1976 Hydnotrya cubispora (E. A. Bessey & B. E. Thomps.) Gilkey Abies lasiocarpa - Trappe, 1971a Hydnotrya michaelis (E. Fisch.) Trappe Picea engelmannii - Fogel & Trappe, 1976; Tsuga mertensiana - Trappe, 197 1a. Hydnotrya tulasnei (Berk.) Berk. & Broome Corylus avellana and Fagus sylvatica - Alvarez et al., 1993; Larix decidua - Peyronel, 1929; Pinus spp. and Quercus spp. - Alvarez et al., 1993. MORCHELLACEAE Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boud. Picea abies - Buscot & Kottke, 1990 PEZIZACEAE Amy lascus herbertianus (Cribb) Trappe Host undefined - Trappe, 1971b Hydnobolitis cerebriformis Tul. & C. Tul. Host undefined - Trappe, 1971b; Quercus virginiana - (Kimbrough, per. comm. ) Peziza badia Pers. Betula sp. - Mason et al., 1982 Peziza lohjaensis Harmaja Populus tremula - Harmaja, 1986 Peziza whitei (Gilkey) Trappe Angianthus tomentosus and Eucalyptus maculata - Kope & Warcup,1986; E&. obliqua - Kope & Warcup, 1986; Warcup, 1990; Gnephosis skirrophora, Lobelia heterophylla, and Podotheca gnaphalioides - Warcup, 1990; P. mycrophylla and Pultenaea obovata - Kope & Warcup, 1986; Thysanotus sp. —- McGee, 1988; Waitzia citrina - Kope & Warcup, 1986. Plicaria alveolata (Rodway) Rifai Melaleuca uncinata - Warcup, 1990 Tirmania nivea (Desf.) Trappe (= Tirmania africana Chatin) Helianthemum ledifolium and H. salicifolium - Awameh & Aisheikh, 1979; Trappe, 1992; H. Jlippii - Rayss, 1959; Trappe et al., 1992; H. sessiliflorum, Plantago and Artemisia spp.* - Binyamini, 1980; Alsheikh & Trappe, 1983 Tirmania pinoy? (Maire) Malengon Helianthemum ledifolium and H. salicifolium —- Awameh & 378 Alsheikh, 1979; Alsheikh & Trappe, 1983 Tirmania spp. Cistus sp., Helianthemum sp., and Tuberana sp. - Harley & Smith, 1983; Helianthemum spp. - Awameh & Alsheikh, 1979; Alsheikh & Trappe, 1983 OTIDEACEAE Complexipes sp. (anamorph of Wi/lcoxina) Picea glauca and Picea pungens - Danielson & Visser, 1989. Geopora arenicola (Lév.) Kers (= Sepultaria arenicola (Lév.) Cooke ) Pinus spp. ~Alvarez et al., 1993; P. halepensis - Moreno et al.,1991; Alvarez et al., 1993; P. pinaster - Alvarez et al., 1993 Geopora cervina (Velen.) T. Schumach Quercus faginea and Q@. ilex - Alvarez et al., 1993 Geopora clausa (Tul. & C. Tul.) Burdsall f. clausa Populus balsamipra - Danielson, 1979 Geopora cooperi Harkn. Abies grandis f. cooper? - Trappe, 1971a; Juniperus oxycedrus - Moreno et al., 1991; Picea engelmanii - States, 1983; Pinus spp. - Alvarez et al., 1993; P. contorta - Fogel & Trappe, 1976; P. ponderosa - States, 1983; Pseudotsuga menziesii - Trappe, 1971a; Quercus gambe11i - States, 1983; Q. tlex - Alvarez et al., Q. tTlex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991. Geopora cooper?7 Harkn. f. gi/lkeyae Burdsall Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta - Fogel & Trappe, 1976; P.ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii- States, 1983 Geopora foliacea (Schaeff.) S. Ahmad C Sepultaria foliacea (Schaeff.) Boud. ) Pinus halepensis and Populus alba - Alvarez et al., 1993 Geopora nicaensis (Boud.) M. Torre Juniperus thurifera’ - Moreno et al., 1991; Quercus j7lex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q. 1/]ex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991. Geopora sumneritana (Cooke) M. Torre Cedrus sp. - Heim, 1957; Alvarez et al., 1993; C. atlantica - Boulard, 1961; C. Jibani - Guinier, 1949 Lachnea vinosobrunnea (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. Helipterum stipitatum (F. Muell.) ex. Benth. - Warcup, 1990; Lobelia gracilis, L. heterophylla, and Melaleuca uncinata - Warcup, 1990 Otidea indivisa Velen. Picea abies - Klinkova, 1954 Trichophaea hazslinszkia (Cooke) Boud. (= Sarcoschypha harzsluszkia Cooke) Dryas octopetala - Colla, 1931 Wilcoxina mikolae (Chin S. Yang & H. E. Wilcox) Chin S. Yang & Korf Pinaceae - Yang & Korf, 1985; Picea glauca, Pinus banksiana, and P. resinosa - Egger et al., 1991 Wilcoxina mikolae var. mikolae (Chin S. Yang & H. E. Wilcox) Chin S. Yang & Korf Betula alleghaniensis and Picea mariana - Scales & Peterson, 1991; Pinus resinosa - Egger et al., 1991 379 Wilcoxina mikolae var. tetrasporaH. E. Wilcox, Chin S. Yang & Korf Pinus resinosa - Egger et al., 1991 Wilcoxina rehmiit Chin S. Yang & Korf Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana - Egger et al., 1991 PYRONEMATACEAE (sensu Korf, 1972) Dingleya geometrica Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Eucalyptus grandis* - Trappe et al., 1992 Dingleya phymatodea (Zhang & Minter) Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Leptospermum sp.* -— Zhang & Minter, 1988; Trappe et al., 1992 Dingleya tessellata (Beaton & Weste) Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Eucalyptus sp.* - Trappe et al., 1992 Hydnocystis sp. Cistus sp., Heltanthemun sp., and Tuberana sp. - Harley & Smith, 1983 Labyrinthomyces donkii Malengon Eucalyptus globulus - Alvarez et al., 1993 Labyrinthomyces varius (Rodway) Trappe Eucalyptus obliqua - £4Warcup, 1990; Allocasuarina littoralis*, Eucalyptus diversicolor*, E. globulus*, E. grandis*, E. jacksoniix, E. pilularis*, E. salignax*, E. tereticornis*, and &. torelliana* - Trappe et al., 1992 Nothojafnea cryptotricha Rifai Melaleuca uncinata - Warcup, 1990. Phaeangium lefebvreil Pat. Helianthemum spp.* - Awameh & Alsheikh, 1979; Alsheikh & Trappe, 1983. Pseudaleuria quinaultiana Lusk Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii - Lusk, 1987. Pulvinula tetraspora (Hansf.) Rifai Melaleuca uncinata - Warcup, 1990. Reddellomyces donkii (Malengon) Trappe, Castellano & Malajcozuk Eucalyptus spp., Acacia spp.* and Olea spp.* - Malengon, 1973; Trappe et al., 1992 Reddellomyces magnisporus Trappe, Caltellano & Malajczuk Eucalyptus sargentii* and Casuarina sp.* - Trappe et al., 1992 Reddellomyces parvulosporus (Beaton & Malajczuk) Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Melaleuca lanceolata* and Eucalyptus sargentii* - Beaton & Malajczuk, 1986; Trappe et al., 1992 Reddellomyces westraliensis (Beaton & Malajczuk) Trappe, Castellano & Malajczuk Acacia iteaphylla*x, Allocasuarina sp.*, Eucalyptus gomphocephala* and E. marginata* - Beaton & Malajczuk, 1986; Trappe et al., 1992; as Labyrinthomyces sp. Angianthus tomentosum, Eucalyptus maculata, Poranthera microphylla, Pultenaea obovata, and Stylidium graminifolium - Kope & Warcup, 1986 after Trappe et a, 1992. Sphaerosporella brunnea (Alb. & Schwein) Svrcek & Kubicka Larix laricina, L. occidentalis, Picea glauca,P. mariana 380 P. contorta var. latifolia, P. flexilis, P. ponderosa, and Populus tremuloides - Danielson, 1984. SARCOSCY PHACEAE Sarcosoma globosum (Schmidel) Casp. Picea abies - Parmasto, 1958 TERFEZIACEAE Choiromyces magnusTi (Mattir.) Paol. Cistus ladanifer - Moreno et al., 1991 Choiromyces venosus (Fr.) Th. Fr. (= C. meandriformis Vittad. ) Betula spp. - Khokhryakov, 1956; Cistus ladanifer - Alvarez et al., 1993; Carpinus betulus - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Fagus sp. - Alvarez et al., 1993; F. sylvatica - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris - Tichomirow, 1896; Pinus spp. - Khokhryakov, 1956; Populus tremula - Tichomirow, 1896; Quercus sp. - Alvarez et al., 1993. Terfezia arenaria (Moris) Trappe (= T. Jleonis Tul.) Cistus ladanifer, C. monspeliensis, C. alvifolius, and Helianthemum guttatum - Alvarez et al., 1993; H. sessiflorum - Rayss, 1959. Terfezia claveryli Chatin Cistus salviaefolius - Tichomirow, 1896; Helianthemum salicifolium - Alvarez et al., 1993. Terfezia gigantea S. Imai Host undefined - Trappe & Sundberg, 1977 Terfezia hispanica Lazaro Ibiza Helianthemum paniculatum, H. salicifolium, H. vulgaris, and Tuberaria variabilis - Alvarez et al., 1993 Terfezia, olbiensis (Tule & Cust). jeu eee Coe TU) eles leptoderma Tul. & C. Tul.) Cistus albidus and C. salviaefolius - Le Duc et al., 1986; Helianthemum guttatum and H. paniculatum- Alvarez et al., 1993; Helianthum salicifolium - Le Duc et al., 1986; Quercus ilex and Tuberaria variabilis - Alvarez et a beam SS Se Terfezia sp. Cistus sp., Helianthemum sp., and Tuberana sp. - Harley & Smith,1983. TUBERACEAE Tuber aestivum Vittad. . Fagus sylvatica - Frank, 1885; Lubelska, 1953; Cistus 1ncanus -— Giovanetti & Fontana, 1982; Corylus avellana - Palenzona, 1969; Alvarez et al., 1993; Pinus sp. and Quercus, 7]1ex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q@. 1/7ex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991; Quercus spp. - Mattirolo, 1933; Khokhryakov, 1956. Tuber albidum Pico Pinus pinea - Pasqualine et al., 1992; P. strobus - Scannerini & Palenzona, 1967; Fontana & Palenzona, 1969. Tuber asa Tul. & C. Tul. Cistus ladanifer - Moreno et al., 1991; Alvarez et al., 1993 Tuber borchii? Vittad. (= T. albidum Pico) Cistus Incanus ssp. iIncanus - Giovanetti & Fontana, 381 1982; Corylus avellana - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Fagus sylvatica and L. decidua - Ceruti, 1965; Pinus halepensis - Alvarez et al., 1993; P. pinea - Ceruti, 1965; Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Pinus pinaster - Ceruti, 1965; P. strobus - Scannerini & Palenzona, 1967; P. sylvestris - Ceruti, 1965; Pinus spp. - Mattirolo, 1933; Populus canadensis - Trappe, 1962; P. deltoides x nigra - Mattirolo, 1934; Populus spp. - Ceruti, 1965; Quercus petraea - Fontana & Centrella, 1967. Tuber brumale Vittad. Corylus avellana - Palenzona, 1969; Alvarez et al., 1993; Quercus spp. —- Khokhryakov, 1956; Alvarez et al., 1993; Tilia sp. - Fontana & Centrella, 1967. Tuber californicum Harkn. Cistus iIncanus ssp. incanus - Giovanetti & Fontana, 1982; Pseudotsuga menziesii -— Trappe, 197 1a. Tuber dryophilum Tul. Pinus ponderosa and Quercus gambelli - States, 1983. Tuber excavatum Vittad. Corylus avellana - Alvarez et al., 1993; Fagus sylvatica - Hawker, 1954; Pinus sp., Populus sp., and Quercus il]ex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q@. ilex subsp. ballota - Moreno etrale., 1991; Tuber foetidum Vittad. Pinus sp. - Alvarez et al., 1993 Tuber gibbosum Harkn. Pseudotsuga menziesii - Trappe, 1971a Tuber griseum Pers. Abies alba - Mattirolo, 1910, 1932; Alnus spp., Carpinus betulus, Castanea sativa, and Cedrus sp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Corylus avellana - Mattirolo, 1910; Ceruti,1965; Juniperus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910, 1932; Ostrya spp. and Pinus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Populus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910, 1932; P. alba- Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1968; P. fastigiata - Tichomirow, 1896; P. nigra - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965, 1968; P. pyramidalis, Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, and Q. robur - Ceruti, 1968; Quercus spp. —- Mattirolo, 1932; Salix alba - Mattirolo, 1910; Ceruti, 1968; Salix spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; 1932; Tilia europaea - Ceruti, 1965; Tilia spp. - Ceruti, 1968 Tuber hiromichii (S. Imai) Trappe Acer palmatum, Populus deltoides x nigra, and P. nigra - Trappe, 1971b. Tuber levissimum Gilkey Pseudotsuga menziesii - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Alvarez et al., 1993. Tuber macrosporum Vittad. Corylus avellana, Quercus pedunculata, and Q. pubescens - Giovanetti & Fontana, 1981. Tuber maculatum Vittad. Pinus strobus - Fassi & Fontana, 1967; Ceruti, 1968; P. menziesii? —- Alvarez et al., 1993. Tuber magnatum Pico Quercus robur - Trappe, 1962 Tuber melanosporum Vittad. Abies spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Alnus glutinosa - Ceruti, 1968; Betula pendula - Tichomirow, 1896; Carpinus betulus - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965, 1968; Castanea 382 sativa - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965; Alvarez et al., 1993; Castanea spp. - Trappe, 1962; Cedrus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Cistus incanus - Harley & Smith, 1983; C. albidus, C. crispus, C. laurifolius, C. monspeliensis and C. salviaefolius - Giovanetti & Fontana, 1982; Corylus avellana - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965, 1968; Palenzona, 1969; Pargney, 1990; Mamoun & Olivier, 1992; Alvarez et al., 1993; Fagus sylvatica - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965; Juglans regi - Tichomirow, 1896; Juglans spp. and Juniperus sp. - Gaignebet, 1923; Picea abies, Pinus halepensis and P. sylvestris - Tichomirow, 1896; Pinus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Populus tremula - Tichomirow, 1896; Populus spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Ceruti, 1965, 1968; Quercus spp. - Gaignebet, 1923; Ceruti, 1968; Q. coccifera - Mattirolo, 1910; Ceruti, 1965; Q. ilex - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965; Alvarez et al., 1993; Q. petraea and Q. pubescens - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965; Q. robur - Tichomirow, 1896; Ceruti, 1965; Buscot & Kottke, 1990; Salix spp. - Mattirolo, 1910; Ceruti, 1965; S. alba - Tichomirow, 1896. Tuber mesentericum Vittad. Castanea sativa - Alvarez et al., 1993 Tuber murinum R. Hesse Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga menziesii - Trappe, 1971a Tuber nitidum Vittad. Carpinus betulus and Corylus avellana - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Quercus ilex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Q. 7/ex subsp. ballota’ - Moreno et al., 1991; Populus sp. - Fontana & Centrella, 1967. Tuber panniferum Tul. & C. Tul. Quercus ilex - Alvarez et al., 1993; @. itlex subsp. ballota - Moreno et al., 1991 Tuber puberulum Berk. & Broome Picea abies - Blaschke, 1987; Quercus ilex - Alvarez et al., 1993 Tuber rufum Pico (= T. ferrugineum Vittad. ) Castanea sativa - Alvarez et al., 1993; Cistus tncanus ssp. %mncanus - Giovanetti & Fontana, 1982; Corylus avellana - Fontana & Centrella, 1967; Alvarez et al., 1993; Corylus spp. - Mattirolo, 1935; Pinus sp., Quercus faginea, and @. i/ex - Alvarez et al., 1993; Quercus sp. - Mattirolo, 1935 Tuber sinense Tae & Liu Pinus armandi7? and P. yunnanesis —- Zhang & Wang, 1990 Tuber texense Heimsch Carya illinoiensis - Hanlin et al., 1989 Benny & Kimbrough (1980) suggested that Dendrosphaera, a simple monotypic genus of the family Dendrosphaeraceae (Onygenales - Plectomycetes), might be mycorrhizal. This fungus forms rhizomorphs which grow deeply within the soil. If this is the case, one more order of Ascomycota could be considered as having ectomycorrhizal species. The family Dendrosphaeraceae was considered as a family of uncertain affinities by Eriksson & Hawksworth (1987). There are listed 115 species representing 42 genera and 14 families of Ascomycota which have been shown to form 383 ectomycorrhizal associations with more than 130 species of vascular plants. This probably represents only a small part of the plants and fungi which are associated in nature, most of which remain unknown. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Drs. Gerry Benny, Richard Hanlin, and James Trappe for reviewing the manuscript and making helpful corrections, comments and suggestions. We are especially thankful to Dr. Richard P. Korf for the time and effort he made in carefully reviewing the manuscript and helping to correct problems in nomenclature and author citations. Leonor C. Maia acknowledges grant support from CNPq and FACEPE. LITERATURE CITED AGERER, R. 1986. Studies on Ectomycorrhizae II. Introducing remarks on characterization and identification. 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Systema Ascomycetum 7: 45-55. ZHANG, B. C. & WANG, Y. 1990. Studies on the chinese truffle and its ecology. Edible fungi of China. Zhonggo-Shiyongjun. ZHU, H. & NAVRATIL, S. 1987. Effects of seed source and Fungus on growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of Tamarack seedlings. In: 7th. North American Conference on Mycorrhizal “CEde by “DitMUeSyIViaciiee] Hong &) J. H. Graham), p. 113. IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville. MYCOTAXON Volume LVII, pp. 391-409 dy anuary-March 1996 ALTERNARIA THEMES AND VARIATIONS (145—149) EMORY G. SIMMONS 717 Thornwood Road, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 ABSTRACT Two Alternaria taxa with a low degree of conidium complexity are introduced: A. cetera Simmons, sp. nov. (from Elymus scabrus var. plurinervis and Triticum sp.), and A. incomplexa Simmons, sp. nov. (from canal mud). Presented also are two novel taxa isolated from horticultural poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima): A. pseudorostrata Simmons, sp. nov., and A. rostellata Simmons, sp. nov.; A. obtecta Simmons is reviewed on the basis of fresh isolates from the same poinsettia source. AXTD “SPECIES WITH * PRIMITIVES CONIDIUM TRAITS’. For many years I have held three hyphomycetous isolates that always bring to my mind the term "primitive Alternaria." Some morphological characters of the isolates are recogniz- ably alternarioid, though just barely so in a basic, poorly developed sense, whereas other characters commonly ascribed to the genus show up only under what are to me unusual culture conditions that I never use routinely for compari- sons. If it can be agreed that these attributes suggest a kind of primitiveness or relatively low degree of complexity in Alternaria, then these isolates are good examples of such a status. The three isolates, all of the same taxon, reached me with histories as follows: TOSS EGS E2128" Rirom sie Te Rogerson! \eiKSGi BO26(cpi2., isolated from air, Manhattan, Kansas, 11/26/57. DIGIPEGS #22 -060TEV lal IM Iya 377 7 peasmasolverex Tricicum7sp:. (sterilized grain), H. L. Harvey WA204, S. Perth, W. Austnalilay rvecd SeIMIol/ tgunet 1965: B72 1984 EGS 38-058 via IMI 285674, \as isol. ex Agropyron scabrum (R. Br.) Beauv. var. plurinerve Vick. (now Elymus scabrus (R. Br.) A. Léve var. plurinervis (Vick.) B. Simon, Australia. 1993 EGS 41-072 = EGS 38-058 (1984, above), via J. Alcorn, as BRIP 14240, R. G. Rees WI.1906, ex leafspot of Elymus scabrus_ var. plurinervis, Weier River, Queensland, Australia, 23 March 1984 (with lowkey but unmistakable Alcorn encouragement to get on with it). Indicative alternarioid characters in routine culture (PCA, Hay, V-8; see protocols in Simmons and Roberts 1993) include discrete, septate primary conidiophores occurring as lateral branches on vegetative hyphae; production of primary conidia through the apex of the conidiophore; geniculate proliferation of conidiophores lateral to conidiogenous sites; and production of secondary conidia in acropetal chains. However, the large numbers of conidia produced on these media initially appear as relatively narrow cells, almost mega-bacilliform in outline, with only a suggestion of ovoidness in the spore body (Fig. 122). Transeptation is suggested (at 195X and 780X) by 2-3 pale discontinuities in the very dilute tan of the spore body. The microscopic picture of conidia and chains of this fungus (e.g., on PCA) has little in common with textbook or identification manual illustrations of Alternaria. I would not be surprised to find that this taxon has been described in some other genus with catenulate, poorly septate conidia. (I have searched for one, but not exhaustively. ) In any case, I would dispute its classification elsewhere than with Alternaria. Supporting evidence for this opinion is derived from the morphology of conidia produced in colonies developed on Czapek’s agar (3% sucrose). In the 1950s and 1960s, before I decided that high-sugar media (e.g., potato/dextrose agar, agars containing malt/maltose concoctions, and Czapek’s agar) were excellent for producing masses of vegetative mycelium but practically worthless for production of useful quantities of distinctive Alternaria conidia, I would use a battery of a dozen or so media for unusual isolates in hope of acquiring some differential character data. For this Alternaria taxon, Czapek's agar proved to be the key factor in production of conidia that most mycologists would recognize as typically alternarioid. Other media or growth conditions might induce the same effect; Czapek’s agar (Cz) worked in this instance. 393 Sporulation in colonies on Cz initially is similar to that on PCA: branching chains of long-narrow conidia with indistinct transeptation. Within 5 da., however, numerous conidia enlarge to typical long-ovoid or obclavate shapes, with several distinct transverse eusepta and occasionally a single longitudinal septum in one of the central transverse compartments. 145. Alternaria cetera Simmons, sp. nov. Fuge 22 Etym. : L., cetera, other, as in other-ness, being similar but in itself unique; but better, an excuse to use, with high regard, the initials of the first collector/ contributor of the taxon, C. T. Rogerson. Ex culturis in agaris PCA et Czapekii descripta. In agaro PCA, coloniae hyphis epiagaris vel aerie fasciculatis conidiophorogenae; fasciculi ad ca. 1-2 mm. longi, multi- conidiophorogeni et conidiogeni. Conidiophora ca. 8-18 x 3- 5pm. Sporulatio in catenis longis, strictis, ramosis conidiorum ad 100+ aggregata. Conidia ca. 18-22 x 3-4(-5)um, peranguste ellipsoidea vel angustiovoidea, obscure septata vel raro 1-3 transverse euseptata, sine septis longitudi- nalibus, dilute brunneola. In agaro Czapekii coloniae primum subhyalinae, postremo dense lanuginosae, fumosimurinae, spo- rulatione initio ut in agaro PCA, sed minus abunda. Conidia ad basim catenarum valde evoluta obovata vel obclavata, 40-50 x 7-9um, dilute brunneola, 5-8 transverse et vulgo 1 longi- tudinaliter septata. Habitatio typi in folio Elymus scabrus var. plurinervis, Weier River, Queensland, Australia. Holo- typus: pars ex cultura EGS 41-072 (ex BRIP 14240, R. G. Rees WI.1906, 23-III-1984) desiccata et in BPI conservata. Colonies on PCA (7 da.) are almost devoid of aerial non-sporulating mycelium. Essentially all vegetative hyphae are surface or subsurface, usually inconspicuous, but also frequently developing as radii of a few parallel, closely adpressed, euseptate hyphal elements. Solitary primary conidiophores arise directly from surface hyphae or as short lateral branches from variously decumbent aerial fascicles of a few parallel hyphae (to ca. 1-2mm in length) that have the same appearance as subsurface adpressed radial elements. Individual conidiophores are short tubular or somewhat flask-shaped, 0-2 transeptate, commonly 8-18 x 3-5uyum, seldom more proliferous than 1- geniculate or 1-branched. The conspicuous aerial fascicles of hyphae bear large numbers of lateral conidiophores and, after their long chains of conidia are produced, have the appearance (50X) of an over-used bottlebrush. Colonies 394 develop a smoky-tan color, which represents the dilute gray- tan pigment of massed hyphae and conidia. Conidia are produced acropetally in long, straight, narrow, branching chains, resulting in open, bushy tufts of conidia and conidiophores. Nearly all but new terminal conidia are ca. 18-22 x 3-4(-5)yum, regardless of their position in a chain. They are narrowly ellipsoid, becoming barely narrow-ovoid. A few conidia exhibit (/80X) 1-3 transverse eusepta; none have longitudinal septa. Color is dilute tan with 2-3 transverse hyaline discontinuities in positions where septa later may be formed. The apex of each conidium (other than terminal) in a chain functions as a secondary conidiophore. This conidi- ogenous apex appears superficially to be undifferentiated from the spore body. Usually, however, it is identifiable as a slightly constricted, pale region ca. 1.5 x 2um. This small apical secondary conidiophore often proliferates laterally, at which time it looks typically alternarioid and serves as the origin of a new branch in the conidial chain. Sporulation proceeds rapidly and copiously. An individual conidial bush may have 100 or more spores; an aerial fascicle of conidiophorogenous hyphae can be estimated to bear several hundred to a few thousand conidia. Colonies on Cz are subhyaline during the initial 3-4 da. of development and produce chains of narrow, indistinctly septate conidia like those produced on PCA. Colony texture at ca. 5 da. becomes densely mycelial and darkens. At this age, lowest (oldest) conidia in the chains become long obovate or obclavate, reach a size range of ca. 40-50 x /7- Q9um, and are 5-8 transeptate and sometimes 1] longitudinally septate in one of the central segments; color is a dilute tan. Sporulating hyphae do not dominate Cz colonies after ca. 7 da; instead, abundant non-sporulating aerial mycelium takes on the texture and smoky grey color of mouse fur. 146. Alternaria incomplexa Simmons, sp. nov. Figerel23 Etym.: L., in + complexa, not complicated = poorly developed, refering to septation of most conidia of the taxon. Ex culturis in agaris PCA et Hay descripta. In agaro PCA coloniae hyphis epiagaris conidiophorogenae. Conidio- phora simplicia et 2-3 geniculata vel 1-2 ramosa, ad ca. 100 x 4um. Sporulatio in catenis longis, ramosis conidiorum eG a aN f ag Ki eens i | Y) i f 1 \ i Fig. }22.° Alternaria cetera: type isolate EGS 41-072. conidia and conidiophores ex 5d Czapek’s agar. At left, 7d PCA; at upper right, Habit: decumbent fascicle of aerial hyphae, conidia opaque, conidiophores clear. Bars = 50yum. 396 centum vel ut videtur innumerorum aggregata. Conidia aliquot prima et ramigena obclavata et pseudorostrata, 30-40 x 8- 13yum, transverse 5-8 et lJlongitudinaliter 0-4 septata. Conidia cetera numerosissima ovoidea vel obclavata, 18-25 x 5-8um, 3(-5) transverse et O0(-1) longitudinaliter septata. In agaro Hay, sporulatio in catenis longis, ramosis. Conidia aliquot prima et ramigena ut in PCA. Conidia cetera numerosissima, anguste ellipsoidea vel ovoidea, 5-20 x 3-5ym, 0-3(-4) transverse septata, sine septis longitudinalibus. Habitatio typi ignota; specimen ex limo fluviali, Cub River Canal, Cache Valley, Franklin Co., Idaho, U.S.A., sejunctum. Holotypus: pars ex cultura EGS 17-103 (QM 8661 ex W. B. Cooke U2-2-12, June 1962) desiccata et in BPI conservata. Alternaria incomplexa is included here near A. cetera only because a high percentage of its conidia do not develop beyond a juvenile 0-3 transeptate stage under routine culture conditions. The sporulation pattern on PCA is similar to that of the A. infectoria group (Simmons 1986c, 1994b) in that some of the conidia in any clump of abundantly branched chains are relatively long pseudorostrate. Typically, the initial conidium basal to a sporulation clump, and two to a few other conidia that serve as branching elements in spore chains, are larger, more septate, and more. strongly ornamented than the general population. In addition, these larger obclavate conidia terminate in branching or geniculate secondary conidiophores that may be as long as the spore bodies that generate them. These conidia, which make up a very low percentage of total sporulation units, have a size range (excluding pseudorostra) of ca. 30-40 x 8-13um and are 5-8 transeptate with 0-4 longitudinal septa. Perhaps 95% or more of any sporulation clump consists of ovoid or obclavate units that have a size range of ca. 18-25 x 5-8um, 3(-5) transverse and O(-1) longitudinal septa, and secondary conidiophore pseudorostra sometimes as long as the spore body but usually limited to one short cell. Colonies on PCA lack aerial non-sporulating mycelium. ‘ Conidiophores arise directly from surface and subsurface hyphae and characteristically are simple with 2-3 conidi- ogenous geniculations, or are 1-2 branched, straight or somewhat spirally twisted, and up to ca. 100 x 4um. Individual sporulation clumps may have ca. 100 to many hundreds of conidia (Fig. 123 habit sketch shows only about half of one very small clump.) Alternaria incomplexa conidia produced in PCA cultures, unlike those of A. cetera, are recognizably alternarioid in all characters. On a low-nutrient medium such as Hay agar, however, A. incomplexa conidia (with minor exceptions) do not tm o>) lag) Sans SOLO eD ease aah CNS peeee 1). aoe - conidia and conidiophores At left, ex PCA; at right, ex conidium bodies opaque, conidiophores D1 08F Le WA Wey pe Alternaria incomplexa Sos 5 Le re Se Candacndas) vd KY N fo oi as 398 develop beyond relatively small, narrowly ellipsoid or ovoid units 5-20 x 3-5ym with 0-3(-4) transverse and no longitudi- nal septa. These small conidia are produced in rapid succession in long branching chains similar (at 50X) to those of A. cetera. The basal one or two conidia in a branching | sporulation population are the exceptions, in that, as on PCA, they are much larger than ca. 95% of the population, have relatively rough, thick-walled spore bodies, 5-6 transverse and 3-4 longitudinal septa, and usually a well- defined terminal secondary conidiophore. XXIII. MORE ALTERNARIA ON EUPHORBIA All 12 Alternaria taxa known to have been described from euphorbiaceous substrates by 1994 have been discussed by Simmons (1986a, 1994a). By that time the presence of at least four distinguishable Alternaria species on lesions of the original host gathering of A. euphorbiae (Barth.) Aragaki & Uchida (Yoshimura et al. 1985) had induced in me "a state of alternarial shock." The feeling persists as additional isolates from Euphorbia species are received. From October 1994 through early January 1995, Cc. F. Hill (MAF Quality Management, Lynfield, New Zealand) forwarded slide preparations and isolates of Alternaria from diseased leaves of horticultural Fuphorbia pulcherrima Willd. for taxonomic opinions. The host poinsettias were quaran- tined units of a commercial shipment that originated in Encinitas, California, U.S.A. Hill suggested that there were five different Alternaria taxa among 10 conserved isolates. There are indeed at least five taxa in the material I have examined from this source. Two are relatively small- spored chain-forming species, not discussed further here. Another two represent relatively large-spored species that I have not seen previously in culture or, I believe, as field specimens. The fifth is A. obtecta Simmons (1994), repre- sented by two isolates in more stable, better sporulating condition than was the original isolate that provided the holotype (a strain now lost from my working stocks). 147. Alternaria pseudorostrata Simmons, sp. nov. Bek Pig 2e6 Etym.: Gk., L., pseudo + rostrata, false-beaked, with reference to the very long secondary conidiophores that are a prominent character of the taxon. Ex cultura in agaro PCA descripta. Conidiophora simplicia vel l-ramosa, 0-2 geniculata, ad 150-400 x 6-8um. Fig. 124. Alternaria pseudorostrata: ophores ex type isolate EGS 42-060 ex bodies opaque, conidiophores clear. conidia and conidi- PCA. Habit: conidium Bars = 50pm. 400 Conidia catenulata tot quot 10 (vulgo 3-6). Corpus coni- diorum anguste ellipsoideum vel ovoideum in juventute, dein anguste vel late ellipsoideum, usque ad 55-90 x 14-20um, modice fulvum, granulatum, transverse 8-ll et ex parte longitudinaliter 1-2 septatum, plerumque pseudorostro (conidiophoro secondario) 60-100(-240) x 3-5um, septato, corpore conidii concoloro. Habitatio typi in folia Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd., in loco valetudini spectandae praestito, S. Auckland, New Zealand, ex horto commerciali Encinitas, California, U.S.A. Holotypus: pars ex cultura EGS 42-060 (LYNOALOS6IA4 recay 17% Jan! £995) desiccata et) (in (BPI conservata. Colonies of A. pseudorostrata on PCA are composed of fine, dark, radiating, surface and subsurface hyphae without appreciable amounts of non-sporulating aerial mycelium. Conidiophores originate in abundance near the agar surface, forming an open stand; they are relatively sturdy in ap- pearance, semi-erect, simple or commonly 1-branched, some- times proliferating at 1-2 conidiogenous sites, medium brown, with a dominant size range of ca. 150-400 x 6-8um. Simple chains of as many as 10 (usually 3-6) conidia are produced. Chains may branch by means of two conidiogenous sites in an intercalary pseudorostrum, but usually do not do so. The initial conidium in an A. pseudorostrata chain commonly has a slightly larger spore body than others in the chain. All conidia (except the terminal one in a chain) have a well-defined pseudorostrum but never a true, non-conidi- ogenous beak. Sometimes the primary conidium also has the longest pseudorostrum, but this is by no means the rule, particularly in chains of 7-10 units, where some other intercalary spore may produce the longest false beak. The spore body of A. pseudorostrata conidia is narrowly ellipsoid or ovoid in youth, becoming narrowly to broadly ellipsoid, 55-90 x 14-20um, dilute to medium yellowish-brown, smooth-walled to distinctly and evenly punctate-rough overall, with up to 8-11 transepta and 1-2 longitudinal or oblique septa in several of the broadest transverse segments. Young beakless conidia have a rounded to acute apex. The apical cell generates a secondary conidiophore usually 60- 100um long but often as long as 240um. The developing pseudorostrum is pale, ca. 3um diam., maturing through most or all of its length with several transepta, enlarging to ca. 4-5um diam. , and becoming concolorous with its conidial base. Alternaria pseudorostrata resembles poinsettia pathogen A. euphorbiicola Simmons & Engelhard (Simmons 1986a) in production of conidia with relatively large spore bodies that 401 are connected in chains through the agency of sturdy apical secondary conidiophores. Both taxa produce their secondary beak structures after the initial erostrate shape of the conidium body has been defined (and, I suspect, probably before it has reached its mature dimensions, a suspicion very GUETiculta totuprove),. Conidium dimensions of A. pseudo- rostrata and A. euphorbiicola overlap, but septation and ornamentation are not the same. Cultures of these two taxa are quite different from each other macroscopically, as are the 50X appearances of chain formation, as follows. Colonies of A. pseudorostrata on PCA and V-8 are an uninterrupted turf of long primary conidiophores arising from close but distinct radiating hyphae near the agar surface. Very abundant but uncrowded long conidiophores generate conidial chains whose extraordinary lengths derive as much from the length of intercalary secondary conidiophores as they do from the lengths of the incorporated (3-10) conidia. The long chains eventually (by 10-14 da.) become entangled thickets, but in early days are seen as separate, semi-erect catenulae. Colonies of A. euphorbiicola on PCA comprise a poorly defined subhyaline mycelium which, unlike that of A. pseu- dorostrata, bears very dark, concentric sporulation rings as the visible response to the alternating light/dark regimen routinely used. Colony appearance on V-8 also suggests concentric rings of sporulation, except that on this medium sporulation is much more abundant and crowded than on PCA. Primary conidiophores from surface hyphae are crowded, commonly are shorter by at least half than those of A. pseudorostrata, and bear chains of only 2-3 conidia. The 50X aspect of A. euphorbiicola chains never approaches the dramatically long, pseudorostrate appearance presented consistently by A. pseudorostrata. A. euphorbiicola conidia have smooth walls and a more open septation pattern (fewer septa) than is found in rough-spored A. pseudorostrata. 148. Alternaria rostellata Simmons, sp. nov. Fipwal2) Etym.: L., rostellata, provided with a short [true] beak, as are most conidia of the taxon. Ex cultura in agaro PCA descripta. Conidiophora simplicia ad ca. 150-200 x 6.5um, vel multo longiora, aeria, ramis conidiogenis ca. 150-200 x 6.5um. Conidia solitaria, raro 2 in catenam, anguste ovoidea in juventute, dein late ovoidea, basi late rotunda et apice obtuso vel subacuto, erostrata vel plerumque rostellata. Conidia usque ad ca. 50- 402 80 x 20-30um, dilute fulva vel brunnea, laevia vel modice aspera, transverse 7-9 et ex parte longitudinaliter 1-3+ septata, eurostello filamentoso usque ad 30-55 x 2um sed plerumque breviore. Habitatio typi in folia Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd., in loco valetudini spectandae praestito, S. Auckland, New Zealand, ex horto commerciali Encinitas, California, U.S.A. Holotypus: pars ex cultura EGS 42-061 (LYN *1O561B récd 9 L7e Fane 1995) ~~ desiccatay eb, ine iBer conservata’. Colonies of A. rostellata on PCA are composed of fine, dark, radiating, surface and subsurface hyphae without appreciable amounts of non-sporulating aerial mycelium. The growth pattern is of concentric rings, which correspond with the imposed diurnal light/dark regimen. Dark rings (viewed at 50X) are composed of abundant, short, crowded, simple or branched conidiophores with a single dark conidium terminat- ing each conidiophore. Lighter rings that alternate with the densely conidial dark ones are composed of very long, erect or variously ascendant, branched conidiophores also with a conidium terminating each branch. Conidiophores in the dark rings usually are ca. 150-200 x 6.5um; individual conidiogenous branches in the lighter rings are about the same length but arise from a much longer, sturdy, ascendant primary conidiophore axis. Most conidia of A. rostellata remain solitary. Short chains of two conidia are produced but are very uncommon in the overall spore population. Young conidia are narrow- ovoid; fully developed ones mostly ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, with a broadly rounded base cell and a blunt to subacute apex. Each conidium typically generates a narrow eurostrum from the apical cell. This beak may begin development either while a conidium still is juvenile with only a few transverse septa or later when the conidium base has reached almost full development. Conidia reach full development in a size range of ca. 50-80 x 20-30um, with 7-9 transverse septa and 1-3 longi- tudinal septa in several of the broadest transverse segments, and with outer walls smooth to moderately punctate-rough and a dilute tawny brown, becoming more complexly cellular and dark brown in age. There is an abrupt break in the contour of the conidium apex where it gives rise to the narrow beak. The beak is subhyaline and ca. 30-55 x 2um or usually shorter. Occasionally a filamentous beak enlarges terminally into a secondary conidiophore ca. 9 x 5yum, initiating a 2- conidium chain. Sometimes a relatively broad secondary conidiophore up to ca. 40 x 6um develops directly from the Fig. 125. Alternaria rostellata: conidia and conidiophores ex type isolate EGS 42-061, ex PCA. Habit: conidia opaque, conidiophores clear. Bars = 50yum. 404 conidium apex and generates a secondary conidium without interposition of a true beak. The conspicuous and character- istic condition, however, is of solitary conidia lacking or, predominantly, furnished with a short, stiff filamentous eurostrum. 149. Alternaria obtecta Simmons, revisited Fig. 126 Ref.ss Simmons (1994a: Alt. T&V 98," Kip. 77) Two isolates of A. obtecta from leaf lesions of poinsettia quarantined in New Zealand (EGS 42-063 & 42-064 = LYN 10561D & E; country of origin U.S.A.) are culturally stable and sporulate readily and profusely, which was not true of the original type-yielding isolate of this taxon (EGS 38-189, from Euphorbia supina, Louisiana, U.S.A.). Cultures of the original isolate became increasingly vegetative and poorly sporulating in transfers and eventually were lost from my working collection. The two more recent isolates permit additional observations and deposit in public collections. Conidia of the original isolate and in various herbarium specimens (Simmons 1994a) exhibit a prominent character of spore wall ornamentation that persists throughout development of "pale golden tan" conidia and tends to obscure (obtecta) the internal pattern of septation. Juvenile conidia of the recent New Zealand isolates are pale and without transepta, or with only 2-3 faint indica- tions of septum position. Although young smooth conidia usually become completely and closely punctulate when transverse segments first appear, this obtectant ornamenta- tion becomes less masking as conidia enlarge. A yellowish brown pigment develops in major septa to a degree not found in the type isolate; it contrasts strongly with the dilute color of the spore body. Fully developed conidia of these recent isolates may appear quite smooth, with septation pattern not at all obscured, or they may be completely punctate-rough. Others may retain limited surface areas of punctulation or simply bear scattered granulations. In any case, the type character of cbscurant ornamentation is reduced or lost. Ironically, the type illustration (Simmons 1994a, Fig. 77) is a better depiction of the recent New Zealand isolates than of the earlier type in that, for reasons of laziness, conidium ornamentation, though mentioned, was not drawn for most spores in the figure. Characters of conidium size, pattern of septation, and beak formation are the same in all isolates of A. obtecta 405 seen thus far. Two characters illustrated with the type description (Simmons, l.c.) are reviewed here as aids in distinguishing A. obtecta from other large-spored euphorbi- icolous taxa. These characters are a somewhat ladder-like pattern of transverse distoseptation evident in many conidia, and the obvious failure of eusepta to form across many of the distoseptum interfaces. A "ladder" pattern of parallel transverse septa is seen best in long-ellipsoid conidia of A. obtecta, from young through mature spores; it may dominate the image even after longitudinal septa become visible. The "ladder rungs" initially, and often persistently, are simply the interfaces of adjacent transverse cells; true septa contiguous with the conidium wall are not observable at this stage. Fig. 126. Alternaria obtecta: conidia ex representative isolate EGS 42-064, ex PCA. Bar = 50pm. 406 True septa usually are produced across only a few of the interfaces as these initially distoseptate conidia mature. Other interfaces remain distoseptate, i.e., without interposed transverse eusepta, even in fully mature conidia. The same progression is seen in formation of longi- tudinal septa. Initial, relatively indistinct longitudinal walls are interfaces that arise when broad tranverse cells divide into smaller rounded units. Sometimes longitudinal eusepta are generated through the distoseptum interface, but this progression to euseptation is by no means the rule throughout the A. obtecta conidium body. mR Is hae: The distoseptate—>euseptate progression in Alternaria The conidia of many relatively large-spored taxa of Alternaria initially are distoseptate (conidia of "all" taxa is too strong a term for use at this stage of re-examina- tion). Conidia of some taxa apparently progress to become totally euseptate. Others typically hover between the two conditions, even in cultures aged beyond routine 7-10 da. Practically all illustrators of Alternaria conidia have neglected to mention this developmental character or to draw it, which simply means that large numbers of Alternaria illustrations (including mine) are misleading on the details of septum generation and mature appearance. The condition is illustrated in some units of these Alt.T&V notes, but without special comment until now. Examples, in addition to A. obtecta above, include A. arbusti Simmons (Simmons 1993b, Fig. 63), A. cassiae Jurair & Khan (Simmons 1982, Fig. 12- 14) (GA: crtris-CSimmons - 1990, Fig: .40),89A. idauci "(Simmons 1995, Fig. 119, and Fig. 127 herewith), A. helianthinficiens (Simmons 1986b, Fig. 30), A. panax Whetzel (Simmons 1982, Pigot 15) A+) protenta(Simmons (L986be lie. i5lye "Ay Cropica (Simmons 1993a, Fig. 57), and A. zinniae (Simmons 1982, Fig. LOVE There is a dearth of published observations on the cytology of the distoseptate—>euseptate progression in Alternaria. The most extensive and instructive consideration of this developmental process resides in four papers by R. Campbells, (L968, ) 1969" "7 1970a7"1970b)'7) which Vare’ based\on electron microscope studies of conidia of A. brassicicola. Campbell shows convincingly (1968, Pl. I, Fig. 3) that each of the several cells of the A. brassicicola conidium has its own wall of material quite distinct from that of the outer primary wall of the conidium. 407 At light microscope levels of magnification and definition, these neighboring secondary cell walls, plus non-cellular material that sometimes separates them, define what I refer to in Alternaria descriptions as distosepta and what I believe, in fact, matches’ the basic concept of the term distoseptation. Non-cellular regions between individual cells and the outer wall of Alternaria conidia usually are conspicuous only where the rounded cell walls curve inward abruptly from their lateral contact with the outer spore wall. More strikingly, the individual conidial cells of some taxa—of Alternaria as well as some other genera—are embedded in a conspicuous "distoseptum matrix" (Simmons 1995, p. 139). Examples of this character include the anamorph of Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechsler (Matsui et alee LOG Je bi see lis see Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacer) Shoemaker CLuUctCreliee 963 78 figs se26-7)/) sand all known species of Nimbya Simmons (Simmons 1989; 1995, pp. 139-149). The euseptate condition in Alternaria (as seen at light micro- scope magnifications) arises through a process of insertion of an addi- tional septum layer between the abutting distoseptum walls or through the non-cellular matrix that separates them. Campbell (1968) uses the term "septal partition" for this interposed layer, which appears to arise in and extend inwards from the outer conidium wall. Fig. 127. Alternaria dauci: conidium with ruptured outer wall, revealing individual, intact, self-walled cells. Bar = 50pm. 408 The individual nature of Alternaria conidium cells, each within its own "distoseptum" wall, is emphasized by Campbell in a statement (1968, p. 389) that "each individual cell. . .separates from the other cells of the spore when the enclosing spore envelope [primary outer wall] is broken." This structural phenomenon occasionally is observed, usually by chance, when the pressure of a cover slip has been great enough to break open a conidium outer wall but not great enough to crush its contents. The best example I have seen recently is in a preparation of conidia of Alternaria dauci, illustrated here in Fig. 127. Conidia of A. obtecta (Fig. 126) show the ordinary steps from aseptation, to distoseptation, to partial eusep- tation and apparently, but rarely, to complete euseptation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I remain grateful to Dr. Mary E. Palm for her patience and thoroughness in reviewing yet another in this series of Alternaria studies. Contributors of pertinent isolates over a time range of almost 40 years are thanked for their interest and support, specifically here: J. L. Alcorn, Wm. B. Cooke, H. L. Harvey, C. F. Hill, IMI, and C. T. Rogerson. LITERATURE CITED Campbell, R. 1968. An electron microscope study of spore structure ‘and development in Alternaria brassicicola. Journ. Gen. Microbiol. 54: 381-392. — 1969. Further electron microscope studies of the conidium of Alternaria brassicicola. Arch. Mikrobiol. 69: 60-68. — 1970a. An electron microscope study of exogenously dormant spores, spore germination, hyphae and conidio- phores of Alternaria brassicicola. New Phytologist 69: 297-293), — 1970b. Ultrastructure of an albino strain of Alternaria brassicicola. “Trans}/Brit, Mycol..s0cwe 42) 2309-312. Lutberell ath was TOG 32 Taxonomic criteria in Helmintho- sporium. Mycologia 55: 643-674. Matsuige GCG. aM INozus) leek kumoto wand Mis Matsuura. 1962. Electron microscopy of conidial cell wall of Cochlio- bolus miyabeanus. Phytopathology 52: 717-718. 409 Simmons, E. G. 1982. Alternaria themes and variations (7-10). Mycotaxon 14: 17-43. 1986a. Idem. (14-16). Mycotaxon 25: 195-202. H936b.) ldem.2{17-21) 2) Mycotaxonuz) 7203-216, 1786c.) ldem.in(22-26)..0 Mycotaxon 257728/-308). 1989. Macrospora Fuckel (Pleosporales) and related ana- morphs. Sydowia 41: 314-329. 1990. Alternaria themes and variations (27-53). Myco- Caxon ore O 1 OF 1993a. Idem. (54-62). Mycotaxon 46: 171-199. 1993b. Idem. (63-72). Mycotaxon 48: 91-107. 1994a. Idem. (/4-105). Mycotaxon 50: 219-270. 1994b. Idem. (106-111): Mycotaxon 50: 409-427. 1995". Idem. (112-144). Mycotaxon 55: 55-163. Simmons, E. G., and R. G. Roberts. 1993. Alternaria themes and variations (7/3). Mycotaxon 48: 109-140. Posnimura, Me VAL Jey weUchidae and Ma Aragalci: 1985. Etiology and control of Alternaria blight of poinsettia. Plance Dis) 0 CLIS6) e/a ho. Bots a eo ea ee i ; hah ee iv ie i) tax os 77 a “| ' it i ny ie hy ht ’ * : F K ( ; ry vi cae att stay ee ‘es M4 ae ‘, *. » . @ a7 ‘a A} z yh ear we MYhod Me ¢, t or nay ns 7 ; é ; - : i] ( vy F 4 hy i. . ' ev am ath ui 1,5 Pia 4 ee His! hy” yar] =,' ' ‘ “ays -. + Op, Rae 0) er ee ee Par PLA Our eels is Nes ; pA Seats ae ere: ws et 4 eh vs an) q ’ + and . * io >." AS “¢. ma ' ‘ Sane ine wanes Seri Epertven as MN meer Oe | ' ‘ Ob, ee a Os « fe ay vi en oe ae Ye teone } = Be RST Se iD ec a Heenan tag: La? j re ‘ rye, 4 e ee Tih tet PA * a oP a Lyte A | é ey ” Tie an bd 5! ay Ms b) Ay oa = ¥ aes # ; aha oe, : ae, WU a he ee ig the airy ayes BE Retire MBP /4s3) Seat’ By arly ba? aS” re os oo 4 ; 7 ve, iW 4 Pie . é mp i br isa: 30 i Be 4 RI 4 ee et Seats a te 4 = a Li. fy € dai Bint } vv _— ih? Sena reg: oo ndre ta. mi) Wi a deak wee OT OTe bein by ad ietad: ine 2 > . F a oe OY SC ABO ST Cleo _ phe if: j */ s % seo ' == = . « 7 a4 P - = v a) ‘ / 7” ra aa \F a oe A ren \ A a iw Hed a ey t \ ’ more ‘ j - ae i 8 bo ; * ' a Pn. ; 4 i = y \ of if * a ‘ % | f yu. ix i i + ' ae a ¥ 4 2 ' ; A‘ AS et | : } - ae 4 : ‘¢ : : nas i ua! bs i = dl - a> , : ; 7 1 : ‘ i ae Sie eerie RS eS ‘ava’ oe ue See « 3ay pA! Seg ee eA ' p4 weeks old, with hyphal masses up to 90 pm in diam, composed of more-or-less isodiametric cells, with individual cells up 12 um in diam. Endophytic isolates examined: USA. West Virginia. Pleasants Co., Mound Manor, isolated from living twig of Platanus occidentalis, 9128101F, Aug 1991. New Jersey. Ocean Co., Tuckerton Marsh, isolated from living Be of Baccharis halimifolia, GB3046, 15 Dec 1992. Teleomorphic isolates examined: USA. New Jersey. Monmouth Co., Turkey Swamp Wildlife Management Area, on dead stem of Lindera benzoin , GB4591, 8 Jan 1995. Union Co., Ashbrook Reserve, on dead stem of L. benzoin, GB4588, 17 Dec 1994. Figs. 1-8. Endophytic isolate of Creosphaeria sassafras from Platanus occidentalis (9128101F). Fig. 1. Two-week old culture mat on YM. Figs. 2-4. Young conidiophores with conidia on aerial hyphe. Bar = 20 um. Fig. 5. Conidophore with conidium, note denticulate secession scars. Bar = 10 um. Fig. 6. Sclerotium-like mass of stromatal tissue. Bar = 20 um. Fig. 7. Incrusted vegetative hyphae. Bar = 10 um. Fig. 8. Conidia. Bar = 20 um. 476 Observations and Comments Cultures of two widely separated endophytic isolates, from previously unreported hosts, were virtually identical to ascospore-derived cultures of Creosphaeria sassafras collected on one of its typical eastem North American hosts, L. benzoin (1, 7). Furthermore, all these isolates match well the descriptions of the anamorphs of C. sassafras derived from teleomorphs collected in Europe (4, 8) and Asia (4). All cultures developed the aggregations of dark, isodiametric cells interpreted to be stromatal tissues in old cultures (4). Ju et al. (4) observed conidial germination of C. sassafras in culture, albeit at an extremely low germination rate (J.D. Rogers, personal communication). We failed to observe conida germination among heavy conidial suspensions of an endophytic isolate, 9128101F, and of an ascospore-derived isolate, GB4588, placed on YM and CM agars. A high percentage of ascospores germinated from ascomata collected in December and January after several weeks of freezing weather, thus suggesting ascospores survive repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The literature indicates a widespread and patchy distribution for C. sassafras. A limited field survey in the Ashbrook Reserve indicated that C. sassafras can be locally abundant. Of 30 L. benzoin clumps examined, 11 (37%) had stromata or stromatal remnants associated with their dead stems. Occurrence of stromata seemed to depend on whether or not a dead main stem with bark was still associated with the bush. Stromata were observed only on corticated main stems (about 2-6 cm diam.) that were in contact with ground, except in one case where the dead stem was leaning in a snag. Old dead stems, with cracked bark, still standing in the main clump did not have stromata, nor did heavily rotted, decorticated stem fragments. The only other stromatic ascomycete observed on L. benzoin was one occurrence of Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Pers.) Fr. Formation of erumpent ascomata of C. sassafras on corticated dead stems of Lindera benzoin and Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees in eastern North America (7) is consistent with fruiting patterns of other endophytic species of Xylariales. Studies of the endophytic fungal communities of healthy stems of Lindera or Sassafras would be a logical starting point to determine the extent of endophytic infections by C. sassafras. Latent infections of twigs of other hosts along with its fruiting on non-Lauraceae hosts in Europe, Asia, and South America may indicate a widespread adaptation to the endophytic growth habit by C. sassafras. In conclusion, endophytic isolates of C. sassafras, that by themselves defied identification, were readily recognized by comparison with isolates obtained by tradtional collecting. Practitioners of traditional ascomycete taxonomy and 477 endophyte research will both benefit by applying the other's techniques to the study of plant-inhabiting ascomycetes. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Ignacio Chapela and Liliane Petrini for reviewing the manuscript and to the Editor for her helpful comments. References 1. Farr, D. F., Bills, G. F., Chamuris, G. P., and Rossman, A. Y. 1989. Fungi on Plant and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul. 2. Glawe, D. A., and Rogers, J. D. 1982. Observations on the anamorphs of six species of Diatrype and Diatrypella. Can. J. Bot. 60: 245-251. 3. Glawe, D. A., and Rogers, J. D. 1986. Conidial states of some species of Diatrypaceae and Xylariaceae. Can. J. Bot. 64: 1493-1498. 4. Ju, Y.-M., San Martin Gonzalez, F., and Rogers, J. D. 1993. Three xylariaceous fungi with scolecosporous conidia. Mycotaxon 47: 219-228. 5. Lodge, D. J., and Laessge, T. 1994. Three host-specific Xylaria speces. Mycologia 86: 436-466. 6. McKemy, J. M., Glawe, D. A., and Munkvold, G. P. 1993. A hyphomycetous synanamorph of Eutypa armeniacae in artifical culture. Mycologia 85: 941- 944. 7. Miller, J. H. 1961. A monograph of the world species of Hypoxylon. University of Georgia Press, Athens, U.SA. 8. Petrini, L. E., and Miiller, E. 1986. Haupt- und Nebenfruchtformen europiischer Hypoxylon-arten (Xylariaceae, Sphaeriales) und verwandter Pilze. Mycol. Helv. 1: 501-627. - 9. Petrini, L. E., and Petrini, O. 1985. Xylariaceous fungi as endophytes. Sydowia 38: 216-234. 10. Petrini, O. 1986. Taxonomy of endophytic fungi in aerial plant tissues. Jn Microbiology of the Phyllosphere. Edited by N. J. Fokkema and J. van den Heuvel. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. pp. 175-187. 11. Petrini, O., Sieber, T. N., Toti, L., and Viret, O. 1992. Ecology, metabolite production, and substrate utilization in endophytic fungi. Natural Toxins 1: 185-196. 12. Ridgway, R. 1912. Color Standards and Nomenclature. Published by the author, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. ne) i!) Ay i) | ie Oty NG ae fink vib ve Lh i \ an AN he ahi sant eg , eae An i o ‘ay | A. ion 1 et tab aN vy ha i ste Nt Vea Sate LO Ps bik is Hi a agora y i if a on) Ohaee e aa pe i ty! Ath ' | | : . a eal ae int at ; ae ’ hit yy a i a A ner ' ete a Wy i Ay py. nee mir . esi Hy a i iM a ; hy st i Py } is ee ae ahi sh | sia i i t mh a eh) ah a ey ny ‘ee re yy ‘th bie ney oi He es) , ment ru ee | Ps 4 a since ve pny + at ie i * pide ow ronal by Ma Th iW, Tiga: , ta aM t iit, chi ’ A ipa Xe PP ‘ 1a A iy 7 fra Da Nit anh i Wt 1 “aint yi TY AWA Tt AL, Sear af iN. vit my j Be LE UPI ate ane ES, IN HOO sims De Hh) MN, sia : ef ih Ne oa tee Mah LA al AOC MRE ae at aan . nt | Tae Rate at rt j (MeN VIMAR (iy! ‘ ae id ms nh hhh aaa a a ft agi i! et Stl Hi hihi Wer a) y! pati é jn ERAT iit a Ae Buti 25 " 5 t ty | ‘ a i ehatane , Ry al eee aa yah aA ri unt Carat ie if Lag) uA Be Seo hak i be as a } ay sia hy erie j By r by mas) an i) A; . Paty iN EMR iatran camped! isis viene aah "h Fis Bi ANNI aia) hea Wilts y Be dia +) nan We ‘Mi Way itt is : i te if sad aes en La BU aa IRAP) Sei Pe Md ; ie ie ate ne Ae a a, ; ne re jae i aly A whi) ioe i bina Ae yah Dhan i a : ry Ae clea ages ue ih 1 rk: , y Rue f Viet GM Woe it i i A wt Me hi : & i i Y, We) at of Mi 4 +i he wA i iy ie i) UF 4 ua WT 4 ni oe ih A aa a ah ‘i pe ni } Wan Ki va hi its whe in nt ‘ is Vi a ee Ne 1 nu " j Yee . " vi : ; : | i ee at Th nal nat an va ah in ian } sb ab wt lu ae a ? int a ‘ } bch FM dita) Ay EVA aM iy an : a eal AAS etl F et Me yan \ Fiat) fet a Mat Prune ick ' OUT Tan aa y Pht Hf ae Ae Ane ee REN a i DE tea: Mat 4 sy Mi y Nee i i Ah , te . i ie way ak ) L MYCOTAXON Volume LVILI., pp. 479-485 January-March 1996 A NEW SPECIES OF LACHNUM ON SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA SHARON A. CANTRELL, RICHARD T. HANLIN Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-7274 USA and STEVEN Y. NEWELL Marine Institute, The University of Georgia Sapelo Island, Georgia 31327, USA ABSTRACT _ Lachnum spartinae is described as a new species of Lachnum (Hyaloscyphaceae) occurring on Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) from the salt marsh ecosystem of Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. It forms apothecia on the standing dead shoots of S. alterniflora after or during cold rainy spells. It is believed to be part of the fungal community involved in the decomposition process of the cordgrass. Key words: Ascomycotina, discomycetes, Leotiales, Hyaloscyphaceae INTRODUCTION The salt marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel., is very common on both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. The importance of this grass in salt marsh ecosystems lies in its primary production and as a habitat for fish and shellfish (Dame, 1989). As it ages, standing S. alterniflora is first invaded by parasitic fungi and later by saprobic terrestrial and marine fungi, which are summarized by Gessner and Kohlmeyer (1976). Newell (1993) reviewed the importance of fungi in the decomposition process of smooth cordgrass. The more important fungi involved in this process are members of the Ascomycotina, including 480 Phaeosphaeria spartinicola Leuchtmann, P. halima (Johnson) Shoemaker & Babcock and Buergenerula spartinae Kohlm. & Gessner. Since October, 1985 one of us (SYN) has observed a small apothecial ascomycete occurring on the upper two thirds of the standing-dead shoots of S. alterniflora in three localities on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. This apothecial ascomycete was determined to be a species of Lachnum, which is described in the present paper. The genus Lachnum Retz. (=Dasyscyphus S. F. Gray, Hyaloscyphaceae, Discomycetidae, Ascomycotina) is characterized by having granulated hairs and lanceolate paraphyses and is widely distributed on many types of substrates. Some species occurring on grasses, rushes and sedges are Lachnum palearum (Desm.) Massee, Lachnum apalum (Berk. & Br.) Nannf., Lachnum controversum (Cooke) Rehm, Lachnum tennuissimum (Quel.) Raitv. and Lachnum caricis (Desm.) Hohn (Dennis, 1981, Raitviir, 1970, Spooner, 1987). Because the characteristics of our fungus differ from these and other described species, it is herein described as new. MATERIALS AND METHODS All microscopic measurements were made from fresh and dried material. Fresh material was mounted in water and Melzer's Reagent. Dried material was rehydrated in KOH and semipermanent mounts were prepared in lactophenol. Isolates were obtained by spore drop onto water agar and germinated spores were transferred to malt extract agar (MEA). For paraffin sections, fresh apothecia were fixed in FPA (formalin, 5 ml;: propionic acid, 5 ml; 70% ethanol, 90 ml). The material was dehydrated through a tertiary butyl alcohol series and embedded in paraplast. Sections 8 tm thick were cut on a rotary microtome and affixed to standard microscope slides with Haupt's adhesive. The paraplast was removed in xylene and the sections were hydrated, mordanted in iron alum for 2 hr, stained in 0.5% Heidenhain's hematoxylin for 2 hr and differentiated in aqueous picric acid for 18.5 min. Permanent mounts were made with Canada balsam. Figures 1-6. Lachnum spartinae. 1. Apothecia on natural substrate, 17.5x. 2. Section through apothecium, 63x. 3. Section through hymenium and excipulum, 150x. 4. Excipulum, 577x. 5. Ectal excipulum, 928x. 6. Medullary excipulum, 625x. 481 482 SPECIES DESCRIPTION Lachnum spartinae Cantrell, sp. nov. Apothecia (Figs. 1-3) 0.5-2 mm diametro, dispersa vel gregaria, superficiaria, brevistipitata, juventute concava, maturitate plana. Discus concavus vel planus, aureus aut viridi-flavus, in sicco umbrinus. Receptaculum cupulatum, pilis flavis margine fere albis in sicco umbrinis vestitum. Stipes centralis, cylindraceus, brevissimus, diametro disci brevior, basi fuscatus, pilosus. Pili (Fig. 8) 46-67.5 X 2.7-3.6 [x=55.4 X 3] pm, hyalini, tenuiter tunicati, cylindracei, obtusi, septati, ubique subtiliter granulati. Asci (Figs. 7, 9-11) 40-55 X 3.6-4.5 [k=45 X 4.4] um, 8-spori, cylindracei, basi angustata, apice hemisphaerice vel conice, poro in Solutione Melzeri caeruleo, poris materiae siccatae debiliter reagentibus. Ascosporae (Fig. 13) 6.3-10.4 X 1.4-1.8 [x=8.2 X 1.7] pm, hyalinae, cylindraceae, extremis rotundatis, rectae vel allantoideae, non septatae, guttulis oleosis parvis duabus. Paraphyses (Figs. 11-12) lanceolatae, 1.8-3.2 tm diametro, hyalinae, longitudine ascos 5-15 um superantes. Excipulum ectale (Figs. 4-5) ex textura prismatica tenuiter tunicata constans. Excipulum medullosum (Figs. 4, 6) ex hyphis parallelis texturae porrectae constans. Apothecia (Figs. 1-3) 0.5-2 mm diam, scattered or gregarious, superficial, short- stipitate, concave when young, plane when mature. Disc concave to plane, golden yellow to greenish yellow, becoming umber when dried. Receptacle cupulate, clothed with yellow hairs that are almost white at the margin, turning umber color when dried. Stipe central, cylindric, very short, less than the diameter of the disc, dark at the base, hairy. Hairs (Fig. 8) 46-67.5 X 2.7-3.6 [x=55.4 X 3] pm, hyaline, thin- walled, cylindrical, obtuse, septate, finely granulate throughout. Asci (Figs. 7, 9-11). 40-55 X 3.6-4.5 [k=45 X 4.4] pm, 8-spored, cylindric with tapered base, apex hemispherical to conical, pore blue in Melzer's Reagent, dried material with a weak pore reaction even with KOH pretreatment. Ascospores (Fig. 13) 6.3-10.4 X 1.4-1.8 [x=8.2 X 1.7] pm, hyaline, cylindrical, with rounded ends, straight or curved, nonseptate, with two small oil droplets. Paraphyses (Figs. 11-12) lanceolate, 1.8-3.2 yum diam, hyaline, exceeding the asci in length by 5-15 pm. Ectal excipulum (Figs. 4 & 5) composed of thin-walled textura prismatica. Medullary excipulum (Figs. 4 & 6) of thin parallel hyphae of textura porrecta. Figures 7-13. Lachnum spartinae. 7. Section of hymenium with young and mature asci, 550x. 8. Hairs, 812x. 9. Young ascus, 1029x. 10. Mature ascus with ascospores, 1050x. 11. Mature ascus showing amyloid reaction and paraphysis, 1192x. 12. Lanceolate paraphysis, 1250x. 13. Ascospores, 1250x. 484 Characteristics in culture: Colony slow-growing (approx. 1 mm/day) on malt extract agar at 25°C, cream color, composed of appressed to floccose mycelium. No conidial anamorph observed. Habitat and distribution: On decaying leaf sheaths of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Lachnum spartinae is, to date, known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: USA: Sapelo Island, Georgia, on standing-dead shoots of Spartina alterniflora (RTH 1078), Dec. 1993. Other collections Cantrell (Ga 41), Sapelo Island, GA, Oct. 1994 and Cantrell (Ga 42), Sapelo Island, GA, Oct. 1994. Type: USA, Sapelo Island, Georgia (RTH 1078), December 1993. Holotype deposited at the Plant Pathology Herbarium, University of Georgia (GAM 12887), isotype deposited at the New York State Museum Herbarium (NYS). Etymology: Referring to the host genus, Spartina. DISCUSSION The presence of granulated hairs, lanceolate paraphyses and ectal excipulum of thin-walled textura prismatica place this species in the genus Lachnum. Among the specimens examined there is variability in color of the apothecia and size of the asci and paraphyses. The collections made in October, 1994 are somewhat different in the color of the apothecia, being greenish yellow rather than golden yellow when fresh and drying to yellow-brown. These collections also contain larger asci and paraphyses (aprox. 10 pm longer). But these differences do not justify the creation of either a new species or variety and are taken as variation at the population level. Lachnum spartinae is not the only species within the genus that can occur in grasses and related plants, but it is unique in its morphological characteristics. Lachnum palearum, which is reported to occur on Spartina townsendii (a hybrid between S. alterniflora and S. maritima), differs from L. spartinae in having a white hymenium and somewhat thick-walled brown hairs with yellow lumps. A very close species occurring on Phragmites spp., L. controversum, possesses broadly lanceolate paraphyses (3.5-4.5 tm diam) and smaller apothecia (<1 mm diam) whereas L. spartinae possesses narrowly lanceolate paraphyses (1.8-3.15 tm) and bigger apothecia. These two species also differed in the color of the dried apothecium, which is reddish brown with a pinkish tint in L. controversum and umber in L. spartinae. Lachnum apalum is another species very common on grasses in temperate regions but it possesses white apothecia and long cylindric ascospores, which makes it quite different from Z. spartinae. Lachnum tennuissimum and L. 485 carici differ from L. spartinae in the color of the apothecium, which is cream-white and long stipitate in the former two. Lachnum spartinae is a member of the fungal community that occurs on the standing dead sheaths of S. alterniflora. It appears late in the succession of fungi from October to November after or during cold (5-15°C) rainy spells. The dead shoots of S. alterniflora fall to the marsh floor in early spring soon after the occurrence of L. spartinae. It is likely then that this species plays an important role in the decomposition of the most recalcitrant, lignocellulosic portions of Spartina shoots in the saltmarsh ecosystem (see Newell et al., 1995). In culture this species produces slow growing colonies on MEA, even if Spartina stems are placed on top of the medium and at cold temperature (10-15°C). No anamorph has been observed. After 2 months small white aggregations of mycelium are observed, some of which develop into apothecia. The apothecium in culture is not typical, being multiple apothecia clumped together, whereas they are always formed singly on the natural substrate. But these are fertile, producing normal hairs, asci, ascospores and paraphyses. In culture this species produces biologically active, oxygen-rich secondary metabolites which are structurally novel (J. Gloer, personal communication). Thus, Lachnum spartinae is a species of both basic-ecological and potentially applied interest. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr. Duane A. Kolterman, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez, PR, for translating the description into Latin. The helpful comments of reviewers J. H. Haines and D. H. Pfister also are much appreciated. LITERATURE CITED Dame, R. F. 1989. The importance of Spartina alterniflora to Atlantic coast estuaries. Rev. Aquat. Sci. 1:639-660. Dennis, R. W. G. 1981. British Ascomycetes. J. Cramer, Germany. Gessner, R. V. and Kohimeyer, J. 1976. Geographical distribution and taxonomy of fungi from salt marsh Spartina. Can. J. Bot. 54:2023-2037. Newell, S. Y. 1993. Decomposition of shoots of a salt-marsh grass. In: Advances in Microbial Ecology, Vol. 13, J. G. Jones (ed). Plenum Press, New York, p. 301- 326. Newell, S. Y., Porter, D. and Lingle, W. L. 1995. Lignocellulolysis by ascomycetes (Fungi) of saltmarsh grass (smooth cordgrass). Microsc. Res. Techn. (In press). Raitviir, A. 1970. Synopsis of the Hyaloscyphaceae. Scripta Mycol. 1:1-115. Spooner, B. M. 1987. Helotiales of Australasia: Geoglossaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae. Bibliotheca Mycologica 116:1-711. i SiMe of nny Tuy yh ESM Bai nti a BAL fh ie ‘ 4 7 any, ; Cane Pay Ve ieee | MSL eR py a Ni Mi ' A ‘ ey ete Were } if ‘e ren bi : r Le ea Saahiiy ; yi seule ‘ i : 1 arts bs 7 ae 4 tt a ‘* > ch ba ry) , “ee at Pain ire Ney * A 4, WN iw hte MT a Le Goes UNS \ Rags ; aria a A 1) ete a at 0 e 5) 47 4 y 4 yeh y a Ke Lay 4) can 5 Ver! af 1, ae i Riv eh: ey Py y 5 ix ae i eal ia P3 : 4, * A \ : { j p ; rev i 3 mu) + vi? (ne f b> 5.) Tee's q oO - 4 | il 4 ‘ ‘ i ¢ A SAT ee At emp Ft id Fae ry Pte aere ix = vi om bis vl es, y Pa eae Dele F' i A ea j : _— 44 * : rev a y “nse Wis a Ay . 7) Ay pe KAO ivy he ‘zn vis sani) ay ae yh o Prabha niet: Harve en aed is els q aS ~ ve AA oh ines ce Actin ry ae 1 A LR naar Lucu bar Ree eu kt eS ane ; Ura ye ‘wah hee yO PPG) MeO ah “a oF UA AEM) WA aay 4h ae ' ine pe fae ; ria aii Mae a ayy : fai SF ge pa ee iw is ae oy RY a bay! ‘Pe it a nh 5 fe L vt ¢ 19 Pes yr, ihe rif let ahh P & ; 7 in : vie ‘ \ - - fara: y Ai. eaa on wit ¥ wae NE : Pe [2 ae f 4 , TN Pettey th } Wo mn] } } 1 oP Me (edie Oo ' hint 1 eI eo Tel iy Bs ae 7 ath fh y Vane A ta Wem it | 7 —" ‘ | Cpivmest iy hie 4 sy, ‘ #y ha Was Pies pet, mat hey nn Ts (oS ane, thie ast t i ai ! \ ‘ 4 ees Pa sai Let my ' | ad : hah r. ~ TL ; q ste am Lae tui , ie te ay fe { ‘ ap ee ‘ HA Siar (LN tly Mey Bev eke heey . aE tae \ ai + wl Dayi' ‘ y : , , ' P ¥ak e et eae Hilo) & tI oe i Fal ; , ie \' G5: Ay 4.8 ‘ i he, Sis i Nai eR bof isen me WPAN) 0s iF catty Vee cu adie Ket iy qua t rea) vee Ee . Al f ‘ nA ori: ys Ss rh hore Oy 5) lie lit Beeb s 2 0 ' | aie . at ae : y ya (Sy Skee Oe TAMAR 2h A OA ie Te da lle hat wey ‘oe i pe sth awed ; ie aad a A } y ar ts id i sani ate enigah : oak ti wy | Thee r ' <¥ ies : 5 Ph be 4% ‘ l Ts, MA Fi 4 Ain = oi) ’ "9 . . eG hee’ y ! ( yes : *? _ ’ ahd aL hoa Nanas "4 * ; 4 " 4 ‘ 4 & i tj} © ) \ ! ¢ : ihe ‘i Pare 4 ¥ a Thi nf hin ie tan a | ? “Ue Cat ae Die eat te Uraitny | - wd i i | } / aes en ef Berg I sth 4 : j Aye Now 9 @ ; 8 ay Salt ata adh ed abo inte j 7 Ws 8 hot aA _ . ' ew . f # lade » 5; 1 a Bs 6 i . j ’ fu! ie aL pity) v na. iy ara a ibe 4 5 EA Pret bie ‘ iol hy TF vA ad ‘ oe aianbaicdl sn ial om sect? Cea) A ing pris ie ph * * ke y i : f 1) Ad, % arvee at p Lewy ina a A ee SS J weeks y sf ' fo¢ vis a ay AAG WY a | rae ry bear Tb Ne on PAY ia ah ’ tana’ 4 x" Yen ee ad i i Li J s } : pds at ts art a y iy i: Tina! f Ay ; . mh la Pe “ey : aa a“ LP . Tess, a San OA Be SS EN OLA ae . ee: Nii, eh iy “y eng % | oN , 4 oey s ; : A t j i eet mi vi oP ’ . t " ly ( vi ¥ a pat Ae n = Cny a ; , Pepe) nepiue 7 Wi oe a ep Pe et Ue te ee ‘ f, AR oe BU site aot O15 * ae (oe ah, nb ae hilt F j ine Al A oi " vey “ait al A tes! tts wll wih a ve MYCOTAXON Hab Se th a ae la ee Volume LVII, pp. 487-493 January-March 1996 BOOK REVIEWS D. S. Hibbett, Book Review Editor Flora Agaricina Neerlandica Vol. 3, edited by C. Bas, Th. W. Kuyper, M. E. Noordeloos, and E. C. Vellinga. 285 x 220 mm, 183 pp, 1995. A. A. Balkema, Postbus 1675, NL-3000 BR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. US $39.- ISBN 9054106174 - paperback; $70.- ISBN 9054106160 - clothbound. The third contribution in this excellent series again features a general part, which includes an _ unillustrated glossary, a brief explanation of the scope and methods, and a new list of abbreviations of both the authors' names and the bibliographic citations covered in the current issue. These chapters have varied in coverage in each volume, with the illustrated glossary in Vol. 1 still the most complete. The taxonomic part is devoted to 39 genera in 12 Tricholomataceae tribes. What is impressive about this flora is the quality, standardization, and forethought which has gone into the planning and execution of each volume. All genera and species are richly annotated, thoroughly investigated, and well illustrated by line drawings. As a rule, taxonomic decisions are explained, controversy addressed, and pragmatic approaches adopted without being unduly conservative. Consequently, the contributors are maintaining standards toward which we all should aspire. A few noteworthy typesetting errors require correction. Under Clitocybe, p. 42, parts of two sentences are missing causing the discussions on Ossicaulis lignatilis and Pseudoomphalina pachyphylla to run together. Under Rimbachia, figs. 136 and 137 have their captions reversed. Rimbachia_ bryophila has lamellae not R. arachnoidea. On p. 176 the authority for Catathelasma imperiale is given as "(Fr. Quél.) Sing." but what was intended was C. imperiale (Fr. Quél.) Sing. The importance of the arrow, which is missing, is explained in Vol. 1, p. 51. Similarly, the authority for Marasmiellus rosellus on p. 126 should have an arrow rather than a dash and an apostrophe, as printed. The authorities for Armillaria tabescens (Scop.:Fr.) Emel and A. ectypa (Fr.:Fr.) Emel, both 1921, need correction to that given here (see A Nomenclatural study of Armillaria and Armillariella species, by T. J. Volk & H. H. 488 Burdsall, 1995). Also, it is unclear as to why Crinipellis scabellus is not named C. stipitarius, an acknowledged sanctioned species epithet, now that the two are synonymized. Whereas in Vol. 2 there is a key to the tribes of the Tricholomataceae, in Vol. 3 there is a new key to genera independent of their tribe affiliations. Significantly, different character pairs are used in the first few couplets of both keys. Other noteworthy decisions and concepts in Vol. 3 are as follows. Dermoloma was previously listed in the Tricholomateae in Vol. 2 but is now placed in the Hygrocybeae. Armillaria is accepted over Armillariella following recent trends to reject R. Singer's classification. Clitocybe, still one of the larger genera (34 species), includes as a synonym Singerocybe, which was characterized by physalids, but excludes species with either amyloid or roughened spores such as belong in Pseudoclitocybe or Lepista. Notably, the name Clitocybe dealbata which has long been linked to poisonings, is rejected in favor of C. rivulosa and C. augeana. Leucopaxillus, with only two species, is notable for its paucity of species in the Netherlands. The delimitation of Omphalina and the names for lichenized species, here treated as Phytoconis, are, to say the least, controversial, as much because of my involvement as that of others. Unfortunately the name Phytoconis, because of objections primarily by lichenologists, has been nomenclaturally rejected, so the use of the agaric names is still unstable. Pseudoomphalina, here represented by P. pachyphylla, should be characterized by the presence of amyloid spores, but the spores of this species have been reported by several authors to be inamyloid, so this feature requires independent confirmation. Collybia, with 23 species, includes as a synonym Rhodocollybia. Notably, Collybia amanitae, which was proposed by Kreisel in 1987 and then overlooked by many, is here accepted as correct for C. cirrhata. Other comprehensively treated Dutch genera in the Tricholomataceae were Arrhenia, Callistosporium, Campanella, Cantharellula, Catathelasma, Cyphellostereum, Fayodia, Flammulina, Gamundia, Haasiella, Hohenbuehelia, Hygrophoropsis, Laccaria, Macrocystidia, Marasmiellus, Micromphale, Myxomphalia, Omphaliaster, Omphalotus, Ossicaulis, Panellus, Pseudobaeospora, Resupinatus, Rhodotus, Rickenella, and Ripartites. Several other major genera of Tricholomataceae remain untreated. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica is essential for libraries on agaric taxonomy. It should also be consulted by amateur groups seeking guidance based on carefully weighed options. It is a scholarly publication in the finest tradition. Scott A. Redhead, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ottawa, Ontario, KIA OC6, Canada. 489 Mushrooms of North America in Color: a field guide companion to. seldom-illustrated fungi, by Alan E. Bessette, Orson K. Miller, Jr., Arleen R. Besette, and Hope H. Miller. 215 x 132 mm, 172p., 75 colored plates, 1995. Syracuse University Press, 1600 Jamesville Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13244- 5160, U.S.A. Tel.: (315) 443-5547. ISBN 0-8156-0323-1. US $17.95. This identification aid to the fleshy fungi of North America is an interesting addition to the literature on this subject. The information presented is useful and the format is certainly pleasing. One might only wish perhaps, that a significantly larger number than 73 species would have been included in this text. The stated objective of the authors was to present "selected species which are uncommon, rare, or not well illustrated in the current literature" and therefore to "provide an extension of the popular field guides already available throughout North America." Mushrooms of North America in Color does a wonderful job of beginning to fulfill that objective. The contents are separated into seven parts: a list of species illustrated by color photographs, a preface, acknowledgments, the species descriptions and illustrations, a glossary, works cited, and an index. The species descriptions are arranged alphabetically (mostly) by the taxonomic rank of order, then families within each order, and lastly by genera and then species. Thus the Agaricales, family Amanitaceae, genus Amanita, species armillariiformis is the first entry; while Tulostomatales, Calostomataceae, Calostoma lutescens should be the last entry, except that the Phallales and Pezizales are to be found as the last two entries. This kind of taxonomic presentation is novel in terms of the typical handbook, but I think quite useful from an educational standpoint. The section on Agaricales includes 11 families with 48 species, the Aphyllophorales contains 6 families with 14 species, the Lycoperdales covers 2 families with 3 species, the Pezizales covers 2 families with 3 species, and the Hymenogastrales, Phallales, Sclerodermatales, Tremellales, and Tulostomatales each illustrate 1 family with 1 species each. There are no keys or any other form of identification guides to allow one to determine orders, families, genera or species. This manual was not meant to be a stand-alone work. Each species is characterized on two facing pages, a format I find particularly pleasing because of its clean, uncluttered appearance and ease of use. The description begins with the order and then family names in the upper left hand corner on the first page. A very high quality color photograph of each species, occupying from a third to a half of the beginning page of the descriptions, comes next. Two 490 descriptions include more than one photograph to emphasize important features. The majority of these nicely composed portraits show several specimens at different developmental stages in their natural habitats. Species names, including synonyms and complete bibliographic citations, are situated directly below the illustrations. The accepted name is in bold face print, thus drawing the eye quickly and conveniently to it. The written descriptions basically consist of five parts: macroscopic features, microscopic features, fruiting data, including information on habitats, distribution and phenology, edibility, and observations. The authors use an interesting mix of non-technical and _ discipline-specific terminology in order to produce characterizations that are easy to understand, but which also provide an acceptable level of accuracy. The descriptions are clear and concise, and the glossary should help the uninitiated with the more technical terminology. There are no illustrations of microscopic characters. The discussions in the observation section provide the reader with a valuable synopsis of the key features for each species, and also distinguish similar looking taxa where appropriate. It is quite obvious that a microscope is often, but not always, necessary to distinguish many of these similar taxa. One new species, Ramicola americana Horak & Miller, is included, but will be described elsewhere. Also, one comb. nov. (as stat. nov.) was validly made: Leucopholiota decorosa (Peck) Miller, Volk & Bessette. The fungi illustrated in this work are found in various areas in the continental United States, Alaska and Canada, with a only a few distributions cited for Mexico. It appears that the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains and _ surrounding areas, and the eastern seaboard of the Unites States and Canada received the best coverage in this current work. Only a few taxa are listed from the Gulf Coast and the southwestern United States. Thus, several sequels to this series will be possible, for two important reasons: 1) There are still extensive areas in North America which more than likely have their own unusual or even indigenous mycotas, and these area are clearly underrepresented in the current field guides. 2) As pointed out by the authors in the Preface, only about 2000 of the estimated 5000 species of mushrooms (I assume they are including all fleshy Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes in this loosely defined category) in North America have ever been illustrated with color photographs. The present contribution of 73 species is a mall, but important step in an effort to document the wealth of fleshy fungi of North America. Should this handsomely illustrated field guide be on your bookshelf or in your laboratory? No question about it; this aid to seldom depicted fungi will be a useful resource and I 491 predict that my copy will be well used over the years. I hope this was not a one-time effort, and that future editions contain two or three times the number of taxa. Timothy J. Baroni, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York-College at Cortland, Cortland, NY, 13045, U.S.A. The Fungi, by M. J. Carlile and S. C. Watkinson. Paperback, 190 x 245 mm, 482 pp., 1994 (reprinted in 1995). Academic Press, 15 East 26th Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, U.S.A. Tel.: (800) 321-5068. Fax: (800) 336-7377. E-mail: ap@acad.com. ISBN 159960-4 (paperback), 159959-0 (clothbound). US $39.95 paperback; $75.00 clothbound. Mycology draws together a diversity of pure and applied fields, including evolutionary biology, ecology, population biology, cell biology, physiology, genetics, and pathology. Whereas zoologists and botanists have largely partitioned their disciplines, mycologists, and mycology textbooks, are often required to cover all aspects of fungal biology. The Fungi is presented as an introductory mycology text, and as such it treats all of the major areas of mycology listed above, but it does not attempt to cover them all with equal depth. In the Preface, the authors claim to adopt a "microbiological" perspective, emphasizing fungi which are either economically important or are typical research organisms that can be grown in pure culture. The main text begins with a brief introductory chapter on "The fungi as a major group of organisms," followed by chapters on "Fungal diversity, Fungal cells and vegetative growth, Spores, dormancy and dispersal, Genetic variation and evolution, Saprotrophs and ecosystems, Parasites and mutualistic symbionts," and finally "Fungi and biotechnology." The main strength of this book lies in its coverage of dynamics of fungal growth and nutrition, as well as biotechnology and fermentation applications. The chapters on fungi in ecosystems focus on nutritional modes and substrate specificities and again have a physiological and biochemical slant. Thus, this text could be appropriate for a mycology course that emphasizes fungal cell biology, physiology, and biotechnology, as well as fungal nutritional modes and the functioning of fungi in ecosystems. It will also be a useful, concise resource for instructors who wish to bring these topics into their general mycology or biology courses. The Fungi suffers, however, from a weak treatment of fungal systematics, and this will limit its utility for introductory mycology courses. Even though this text is not centered on taxonomy, it is nonetheless comparative in its approach to the,.subjects that it does emphasize. An 492 understanding of fungal diversity and the rough outlines of fungal phylogeny should be an underpinning of such an approach. Alas, the coverage of fungal systematics is too brief and in some instances too muddled to give students the necessary background. For example, on p. 9-10 the kingdom Fungi is defined as consisting of "Eumycota and Myxomycota," including the cellular and plasmodial slime molds. In addition, the "three classes of true fungi in which most species produce motile cells" are said to include the "Oomycetes, the Chytridiomycetes, and a less important class" (presumably the Hyphochytriomycetes). Granted, the authors indicate elsewhere, that Myxomycetes, Oomycetes, and Hyphochytriomycetes are not close relatives of the "true" fungi, but these organisms are repeatedly referred to as "fungi," which will be a source of confusion for students. In numerous other regards the systematics used in this text and outlined in an Appendix are out of date. The references at the end of the "Fungal diversity" chapter include essentially no primary literature sources in molecular systematics, despite the impact of such studies on fungal taxonomy. This is disappointing for a text published in 1994. Admittedly, a discussion of the impact of molecular techniques on fungal systematics appears in the section "Classification, phylogeny and evolutionary trends" in the fifth chapter, but why it is so far removed from the taxonomic material in the second chapter, to which it is clearly relevant, is a mystery. The citation of outmoded DNA base composition and DNA-DNA hybridization studies as among "the main approaches currently being utilized" is inaccurate. In conjunction with primary literature, The Fungi could be a useful text for an advanced mycology course dealing with applied mycology or fungal physiology. Ideally, students in such a course would already have been introduced to fungal taxonomy. It is increasingly rare, however, to find mycology courses in undergraduate curricula, and thus it is likely that this text will be used mostly by students who have no prior experience with fungi. Indeed, the authors state in the Preface that The Fungi is aimed at contemporary biology students, the majority of whom have had training in molecular biology and biochemistry, but not organismal mycology. By highlighting interesting and potentially useful aspects of fungal biology, this text promises to convince such students of the importance of fungi. It will not, however, give them an understanding of how the fungi, and their diverse properties, have evolved. D.S.H. 493 Fungi of Switzerland, Volume 4, Agarics 2nd Part, by J. Breitenbach and F. Kranzlin (English translation by V. L. Waters and J. F. Waters). Hardcover, 215 x 285 mm, 368 pp., 1995. Edition Mykologia Lucerne, P. O. Box 165, CH-6000, Lucerne 9, Switzerland. Tel.: (0041) 0-41-420-76-20. Fax: (0041) 0-41-420-14-21. E-mail: jbreitenbach@mus.ch. Chfr. 158.- The series Fungi of Switzerland, of which this is the fourth volume, has been characterized throughout by excellent photographs combined with anatomical illustrations and full descriptions of all species. The present volume is the second part of the treatment of agarics, including the families Entolomataceae, Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Coprinaceae, Bolbitiaceae, and Strophariaceae (following Moser's taxonomy). The Boletales, Hygrophoraceae, Tricholomataceae, and lamellate Polyporaceae were covered in volume 3. Future volumes will treat the Cortinariaceae and Russulales. As in the preceding volumes, this book is lavishly produced in a large format, with heavy, glossy paper that enhances the photographs. An innovation in this volume is the use of color tiles representing spore-prints. These are used both in the key and individual taxon descriptions. The methods for the color reproductions of spore-prints, using a color scanner and Macintosh computer, are described in the Introduction. Also included in the Introduction are comments on macrochemical reactions particular to the taxa included in this volume (others were described in volume 3), as well as protocols for observations and preparation of reagents. Comments on the genera supplement the individual species descriptions. Terms not defined in volume 3 are included in a Glossary. There are also illustrations of cystidia shapes and hyphal pigmentation patterns to aid identification. The entrance key uses the spore-print colors, along with certain macromorphological characters. The couplets are generally very clear in the subsequent keys, which employ macromorphological and anatomical characters. The main body of the book includes the 465 species descriptions. Each species is presented in the same format as in the preceding volumes (with the addition of the spore-print colors). The name, synonyms, habitat notes, macroscopic and microscopic features, remarks, and a list of material examined are on one page, with anatomical drawings, a color photograph, and spore-print replica on the facing page. This beautiful, information-rich volume will be treasured by amateur and professional mycologists alike. D.S.H. “f he igs bh [ Mi : Nae { 2 ‘ha , wei 7 CRS a) hm Phish i i Gyss hal hy ih ph ‘ ets i fi “we ry e fi id ) } ine ' TN ft a nO y / ‘By ‘ines oe Fe ue te 4 ite Wie vide i wo) tt cae NN i ~ NG ij i a é AY 10 Uh Ae , Wi ni a‘ ny sine if ai se 1 Vid bs Fr nae a netted neuen hee ‘ ; i Aa i ie Wie nN | ; saat i ria He milk ee atti! hus ats AN hil nn Tal * i ia hie’ a fi - 8%. ie 00 eS W AN ty| My yh. Ve nu ‘ iy ay yt, hic i aE Ye tha | aio Sea (eeu tia ung aa nytt’ ay ge i aM cs a nt a mt a shat wy his ie Pe ie lah hy oy ime i : i Teme! Shur icy keh ie Haye } tty sisi Dir i ad qe ; Sie, ’ Ms i 4) aie: Hine teats) grey SSN hay he dy tity Bs yarhy yh oe if yy \ my ay Hat Ce iad Pay } wis h hia ah fe ep thy he at ioe) int fae: ea i a a Peat ; ji i yf Me a. 4 ae es iki) eae i ind ‘vite a 9 Ng Rain ‘ 2 uu a ie ie , ehh ' ah : it sie me: if ve | ‘; , Hi j a i , aaa i Baan ane aay ( hianciae b a ee 4 i ae) Mi i aN ati i a th ikea! neh 4 i my / he's i 243 , Width: : - ,, si papas tea eh ae aR ees ey ay * oy Me Perel Te aby a! ths ; AA ii mar mi nm ry Ee : ak th i i eal ts ‘170 ee ee oF Hye ek Fah ' , ‘ ue fe by i? at : m ‘ at hs i 4 d ay a y ip iy im Ae ute , ures Ae ohh ee th par: ei SG eee a Py ali -A atl ‘ie! 4 : Nene a " ; i ais We ; aN is 4 w nies " sr + ' met iv Vals Livin a ee ‘ig ane i] ul omy 5% i" ag ik Ty enh , i, enn 5. ‘ nh Wt arr os aie \ rh be uti ae us ; fees ey a A som ee oc: { ny i fi Nd aren J Wi he ‘ ay 3 ean) i! ne Ai i ” i is ae) ‘ - aan rt ue "te was ; vier na Pa lahy ‘i tae a nee pie aot p wget g ny “9 ys i ey f A uate | heer ‘ CHa ri Ue ig ne nh hay! ek ili ne wine Hh ane hes ey v all , fy Fa ive y : ry ei iF ¢ ri y bi att piel As 7 ry i! ; el Wc ean ee isi teal rn tong 7 Om ' iy se) cn Ue ed vhs i Va bh * ' WE ar a. (‘"s rt Lis i i pat es i iH met i v ni f Mh dats Any mii) #4 vi ‘ rit ne pa. ‘ rie i we Ney ve i al wae pial i | ik: Vi ; ici : OM fla bak = a ih Tee att cl ie men ‘i rie | » J ae ; a ue? | up h Anh ey i Pet i Hy ary on wi an F Hope Dy ie " ie ui Mi ‘ea? AYCN 4 “ fh a um , ANA Leal i ae, in IN ‘Wa | Na alt : i tps ba 4 nt ii “dt ite ue sia! To) Me .: bec eal gs Vin Neg) ne agen =| h me fais ceils th adie a heed a ee uae era i Reo ale: frit an \ iy 7 hl ih ne eae Aes at pile nent ny, ae ir cian rer Ae at a ne ina le A : ae Naa bbb (S ee oo i ue i rae of ) fey ueal i ; le nul ni ie , ms ie duis ale ra 4 i 4) ut i i Wid pein ‘ae ag ia : " ‘ i igs Ay fteael Ws ee ’ Ab F ‘ea in ea Di { ?) ’ 4 i \ A | Vy ' af Ss i vy raed f ii ; a iy weit ath hikes Mi i \ mii! ieee te ie i fy Ve AM ae mal Ve i aytabi: mf br 3 my, fy tie: : meek ba) em al Pia mY ti . ry c His we Sey pt 7 oly ees he on sit ase ch as pe vutin meee enue ah ae F ' a : } ‘ng args Hine, At At ay ; : Nig den bo Wh ad NON sateen k 1 Mae, S) he a ; ; Lesh Wa nee Re on vai Perenmevey | ly me Ai . ve ’ went . CO Es vay ihe adie rade bit i Fi Ai ‘ hi i h ‘hae ws i ‘yal i iy Oe md f sil ‘ial a pte a Bos apteene dite WGP Ht Weecat aaah iter 4 aie ACE the ry (phi Sip ah eho ae aa ae ued mi Ney ayciiad 31 HA Ta ay vy ond Heian fesros | easier or ‘ni ; nee ties hie fs i oor t at Sain ‘he ay ry ib “ASK Ya api neater an r ie ie hae wi a a Cian ‘ x ity an ache ey wt STA Ady % 7D a an ie ! ne } Vy ny y Ae ove i ry 5 ie page 36 line 7 line 38 line 42 page 38 line 4 line 14 line 15 line 17 line 29 line 47 page 40 line 23 page 512 line 1 Errata, Volume 56 for for for for for for for for crechqueraltii ecorded correect gattun xX texonomic underscribed read read read read read read read 495 crechqueraultii recorded correct Gattung IX taxonomic undescribed ittelleuropa 1). Beitrage zur Kuntniss de Pilze Mitteleurupas read Mitteleuropa (I). Beitrage zur Kenntniss der for Pilze Mitteleuropas Oribiliaceae. delete cfr. for crechqueraltii read read Orbiliaceae, crechqueraultii The page that follows [p. 496] completes the article published in volume 56: 175-180. Insert between pp. 178 and 179. Microscopically the strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae combined with rather small coloured spores with a prominent ornamentation on the inner wall spores are good diagnostic characters. All in all, it should be easy to recognize this species both in the field and in microscopical preparations. GANODERMA LEUCOCREAS Pat. & Har. Fig. 2 Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 28:281, 1912. The following description is based on the type (Loanga, Congo, 1905, coll. unknown) in the Farlow herbarium. Basidiocarp annual, centrally stipitate; pileus round, centrally slightly depressed, 7 cm in diameter, 4 mm thick in the centre, upper surface black and shiny with a thin black cuticle, concentrically zonate; stipe 10 cm long, cylindric, black and shiny; pore surface cream to pale ochraceous, pores 6-7 per mm; tubes 2 mm deep, pale cream; context 2 mm thick, pale cream. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae 2-4 tum in diam, with clamps; skeletal hyphae hyaline, 3-6(8) tim wide, strongly dextrinoid in Melzer's reagent; pileus cuticle consisting of a palisade of vertical hyphal ends of generative hyphae, individual apical cells, clavate, thick-walled, brown, 45-60 x 12-15 ,um; basidiospores yellow, oblong ellipsoid, inner wall with prominent ornamentation, 9-11 x 6-7 um. DISCUSSION When comparing the two descriptions, one is struck by the similar macromorphology of the two species. The centrally stipitate basidiocarps are identical and so is the black shiny laccate surface on stipe and pileus. The colour of the pore surface, tubes and context is identical in the two species and so is the strong dextrinoid reaction of the skeletal hyphae. The latter reaction is unusual in and was first reported from G, nigrolucidum (Reid 1974). Thus, it clearly indicates a close relationship between G, hildebrandii and G. leucocreas. . The size and shape of the apical hyphal cells (pilocystidia) in the pilear cuticle are different in the two species. However, one may wonder whether the bulbous thin-walled cells of the G. hildebrandii specimen from Liberia, really are in an early stage in their development and that they finally will stretch and become thick-walled as seen in the type of G. leucocreas. Also the basidiospores of G. Jeucocreas are considerably larger than those of G. hildebrandit. 497 Author Index, Volume Fifty-Seven Abraham, T. K. see Vrinda, Pradeep, Joseph and Abraham Altés, A. see Moreno, Kreisel and Altés Aparecida de Jesus, Maria Contribution to the Knowledge of Wood-Rotting Fungi in Brazil. If. Checklist of Fungi from Maraca Island, Roraima State. 323-328 Arambarri, A. M., and M. N. Cabello Circinella lacrymispora sp. nov. A New Mucoral Isolated from Argentine Soils. 145-149 Bandala, Victor M. see Montoya, Bandala and Guzman see Montoya and Bandala Bellu, F. see Llistosella and Bellu Bills,Gerald F., and Fernando Pelaez Endophytic Isolates of Creosphaeria sassafras . 471-477 Braun, U. see Crous and Braun Cabello, M. N. see Arambarri and Cabello Cantrell, Sharon A., Richard T. Hanlin, and Steven Y. Newell A New Species of Lachnum on Spartina alterniflora. 479-485 Castaneda Ruiz, R. F., J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. III. An Interesting Species of Polyschema from Cuba. 451-456 , J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. IV. Hyalopleiochaeta anam. gen. nov. and Some Notes on Pleiochaeta. 457-462 , J. Guarro and J. Cano Notes on Conidial Fungi. V. Two New Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Cuba. 463-469 Castellano, Michael A. and J. J. Muchovej Truffle-Like Fungi from South America: Hysterangium sensu lato. 329-345 Castillo A., C. Illana and G. Moreno Badhamia melanospora Speg. a Species Wrongly Described. 163-170 Chaudhary, Ritesh K., Sanjay K. Singh and Gareth Morgan-Jones Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXXI. New Species of Stenella, Stenellopsis, and Tretospora from Nepal. 201-209 Courtecuisse, R., G. J. Samuels, M. Hoff, A. Y. Rossman, G. Cremers, S. M. Huhndorf and S. L. Stephenson Check-List of Fungi from French Guiana. 1-85 Cremers, G. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Crous, P. W. and U. Braun Cercosporoid Fungi from South Africa. 233-321 Elix, John A. see Ovstedal, Elix, Smith Guzman, Gast6n see Montoya, Bandala and Guzman Hafellner, J. see Navarro-Rosinés and Hafellner Hallenberg, Nils, and Kurt Hjortstam Four New Species of Corticioid Fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) from Argentina. 117-123 Hanlin, Richard T. see Cantrell, Hanlin and Newell Henssen, Aino see Tretiach and Henssen Hibbett, D. S. Book Review. 486-493 Hjortstam, Kurt see Hallenberg and Hjortstam Hoff, M. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Huhndorf, S. M. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Hyde, Kevin D. Fungi from Palms. XXIV. The Genus Bondiella . 347-352 Fungi from Palms XXV. Pestalosphaeria elaeidis. 353-357 see McKenzie and Hyde Illana, C. see Castillo, [Ilana and Moreno Joseph, A. Vijaya see Vrinda, Pradeep, Joseph and Abraham Kimbrough, James W. see Maia, Yano and Kimbrough Kokwaro, J. O. see Mibey, Kokwaro and Mukunya 498 Kreisel, H. see Moreno, Kreisel and Altés Llistosella, J., and F. Belli Lactarius mediterraneensis, anew species from the Mediterranean Region. 175-186 Maia, Leonor C., Adriana M. Yano and James W. Kimbrough Species of Ascomycota forming Ectomycorrhizae. 371-390 McKenzie, E. H. C., and K. D. Hyde Index of Fungi Described from the Pandanaceae. 125-143 Mibey, R. K., J. O. Kokwaro and D. N. Mukunya Four New Species and Some New Records of Meliolaceous Fungi from Kenya. 87-95 Montoya, Leticia, Victor M. Bandala and Gast6n Guzman New and Interesting Species of Lactarius from Mexico Including Scanning Electron Microscope Observations. 411-424 andVictor M. Bandala Additional New Records on Lactarius from Mexico. 425-450 Moreno, G. , H. Kreisel and A. Altés Calvatia complutensis sp. nov. (Lycoperdaceae, Gasteromycetes) from Spain. 155-162 see Castillo, Ilana and Moreno Morgan-Jones, Gareth, and Ryan A. Phelps Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXIX. Concerning Sporidesmium maclurae and its synonym Cercospora maclurae, the Causal Organism of Leaf-Blotch of Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera) , Reclassified in Pseudocercospora. 187-194 see Srivastava and Morgan-Jones see Chaudhary, Singh and Morgan-Jones Muchovej, J. J. see Castellano and Muchovej Mukunya, D. N. see Mibey, Kokwaro and Mukunya Navarro-Rosinés, P., and J. Hafellner Lichenostigma elongata spec. nov. (Dothideales), a Lichenicolous Ascomycete on Libothallia and Aspicilia Species. 211-225 Newell, Steven Y. see Cantrell, Hanlin and Newell Ovstedal, Dag O., John A. Elix and Ronald I. Lewis Smith A New Species of Parmelia (Lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Antarctic. 151-153 Pelaez, Fernando see Bills and Peldez Phelps, Ryan A. see Morgan-Jones and Phelps Pradeep, C. K. see Vrinda, Pradeep, Joseph and Abraham Rees, Bettye J., and A. E. Wood The Genus Phaeocollybia in South East Australia. 97-116 Rossman, A. Y. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Samuels, G. J. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Simmons, Emory G. Alternaria Themes and Variations (145-149). 391-409 Singh, Sanjay K. see Chaudhary, Singh and Morgan-Jones Smith, Ronald I. Lewis see @Ovstedal, Elix, Smith Srivastava, Neeraj, and Gareth Morgan-Jones Notes on Hyphomycetes. LXX. A New of Melanographium from India, with Comments on the Genus. 195-200 Stephenson, S. L. see Courtecuisse, Samuels, Hoff, Rossman, Cremers, Huhndorf, and Stephenson Stoppini, Anna Maria see Tirillini and Stoppini Tretiach, Mauro, and Aino Henssen Paulia caespitosa sp. nov. and P. wrightii comb. nov. (Lichinaceae, Ascomycotina). 359-369 Tirillini, Bruno, and Anna Maria Stoppini Coumarins Distribution in Four Truffle Species. 227-232 Vrinda, K. B., C. K. Pradeep, A. Vijaya Joseph and T. K. Abraham A New Inocybe (Cortinariaceae) from Kerala State, India. 171-174 Wood, A. E. see Rees and Wood Yano, Adriana M. see Maia, Yano and Kimbrough 499 INDEX TO FUNGOUS AND LICHEN TAXA, VOLUME FIFTY-SEVEN This index includes the names of genera, infrageneric taxa, species, and infraspecific taxa. New names are in boldface, as are the page numbers on which new taxa are proposed. Acanthonischkia 32, 69 macrobarbata 32, 77 Acanthophyscium 324 Acremoniella atra 136 Acremonium 127 atrum 136 Acrodictys 7, 69 bambusicola 7, 73 Acrostroma 7, 69 annellosynnema 7, 73, 84 Aecidium 66, 69 cordiae 66, 74 Agaricus 60, 67-69 albolutens 67, 73 alborubellus 67 anthocephalus 135-136 campestris 67, 74 collecticus 67, 74 cubosporus 67, 74 cultriger 67, 74 fulvipes 67, 75 gastrodes 67, 75 griseolutescens 67, 76 griseorubens 67, 76 haematochrous 67, 76 hortensis 67, 76 hortulanus 67, 76 intermedius 185 ixodes 59 leptopilus 67, 77 mirabilis 67, 77 oenochrous 67, 78 pectinatus 55 pilosiuscula 67, 78 sequatorius 67, 79 spodoides 67, 80 umbellula 67 Agrocybe 54, 69 broadwayi 54, 74 pediades 67, 78 praecox 67, 78 Ailographum intricatum 130 pandani 130 Aleuria 42, 69 phlyctidospora 42, 78 Aleurodiscus 324 aurantium 324, 328 Alternaria 188, 391-392, 398, 406-407, 409 arbusti 406 brassicicola 406, 408 cassiae 406 cetera 391, 393, 395-396, 398 citri 406 dauci 406-407 euphorbiae 398 euphorbiicola 400-410 helianthinficiens 406 incomplexa 391, 394, 396-397 infectoria 396 obtecta 391, 398, 404-406 panax 406 protenta 406 pseudorostrata 391, 398-401 rostellata 391, 401-403 tropica 406 zinniae 406 Amauroderma 47, 69, 82, 325 auriscalpium 47, 73 omphalodes 47, 78 rugosum 47, 79 schomburgkii 47, 79 Amenighiella 85 Amphisphaeria 16, 69, 85 Striatispora 16, 80 Amylascus herbertianus 377 Angelina 40, 69 leprieurin 41, 77 Annellolacinia pandanicola 139 Antennaria 69 tropica 67, 80 Anthostomella calocarpa 130, 134 lucens 130 pandani 130, 135 Antrodiella 326 overholtsii 326 Aphelaria 46, 69 guadeloupensis 46, 76 tropica 46, 80 Apiocamarops 17, 69 alba 17, 73, 83-84 Aplosporella pandanicola 136 Appendiculella 87 calostroma 91 caseariicola 90 mauensis 87-88, 89 500 [Appendiculella] rubi 87, 89-90 Aquascypha 49, 69 hydrophora 49, 76 Arachnocrea 18, 69 scabrida 18, 79 Arcyria 69 cinerea 6, 74 denudata 6, 75 insignis 6, 76 Arthridium 7, 69 arundinarius 7, 73 Arthrinium 196 Arthrobotryum puttemansii 275 Ascospora phomatoides 67, 78 Aspicilia 211-212, 219 caesiocinerea 219 calcarea 215-216, 219 cernohorskiana 219 cheresina 219 contorta ssp. contorta 219 ssp. hoffmanniana 219 gibbosa 219 Asteridiella 87, 93-94 aguariae 87, 91 ehretiae 93 mathengeiana 87, 91-93 nuxiae 87, 93-94 scabra 94 trichocladi 87, 92, 94 Asterina 69 labecula 67, 76 pandani 130-131 Asterostroma cervicolor 325 musicolum 326 Asterotus 64, 69 dealbatus 64, 75 Astrocystis 35, 69 mirabilis 35, 77 Astrosphaeriella 13, 69 minoensis 13, 77 stellata 13, 80 tornata 13, 80 trochus 14, 80 vesuvius 14, 80 Athelia 46, 69 rolfsii 46, 79 Athelopsis glaucina 118 virescens 117-118 Auerswaldia 9, 69 examinans 9, 75 merrillii 126, 128 pandani 130 Aulacostroma palawanense 130 Aulographum intricatum 130 pandani 130 Auricularia 44, 69 auricula-judae 67, 73 delicata 44, , 75 fuscosuccinea 44, 75 mesenterica 67, 77 polytricha 44, 78, 327 Bactrodesmium 451 Badhamia 168, 170 capsulifera 166 fasciculata 142 gracilis 163, 165-166, 168-170 var. melanospora 163, 168-169 grandispora 169 macrocarpa 166 melanospora 163-166, 168-169 Bahusakala 463-464, 467 australiensis 464, 467 cookei 464, 467 longispora 464, 469 nidutermitae 463-464, 465-467 olivaceonigra 464, 467 ramosa 464 Bakeromyces philippinensis 130 Balladynopsis negrii 208 vanderystii 208 Balsamia magnata 376 nigrens 376 platyspora 376 vulgaris 376 Barssia oregonensis 376 Batcheloromyces 240, 244, 300, 320-321 proteae 238, 300 Batistia 16, 69 annulipes 7, 16, 73, 84 Berlesiella 10, 70 fungicola 10, 75 Bertia 32, 70 moriformis 32, 77 var. latispora 33, 77 Bipolaris sorokiniana 407 Bisporella 41, 70 discedens 41, 75 Boletinus 55, 70 decipiens 55, 75 Boletus 340 Bondiella 347-348, 350 palmicola 347-350 Boninogaster [Boninogaster] phalloides 131 Botryobasidium obtusisporum 324, 328 pandani 131 Botryosphaeria 9, 70 corticis 9, 74 disrupta 9, 75 quercuum 9, 79 Botrytis olivacea 137-138 Boudiera tracheia 376 Bovista bicolor 162 Brachysporium pulviniforme 303 Buergenerula spartinae 480 Byssosphaeria 11, 70 erythrinae 11, 75 jamaicana 11, 76 rhodomphala 11, 79 schiedermayriana 11, 79 villosa 12, 80 Calocera 44, 53, 70 coralloides 44, 74 cornea 67, 74 delicata 67, 75 glossoides 67, 76 Calonectria 18, 70 colhounii 18, 74 kyotensis 18, 76 Calosphaeria 17, 70 micromeria 17, 77 Calvatia 155-156, 162 sect. Gastropila 160 bicolor 155, 158, 160, 162 complutensis 155-156, 158, 160-162 pachyderma 158, 160-162 pilula 160 Calyculosphaeria 33, 70 calyculus 33, 74 collapsa 33, 74 Camarops 17, 70 biporosa 17, 73, 83 flava 83-84 ‘scleroderma 17, 79, 83-84 ustulinoides 17, 80, 83-84 Camillea 35, 70, 83 bacillum 38 bilabiata 35, 73 cyclisca 35, 75 cyclops 35, 75 fossulata 35, 75 heterostroma 35, 76 var. macrospora 35, 77 labellum 35, 76 leprieuri 36, 77 mucronata 36, 77 obularia 36, 78 scriblita 36, 79 tinctor 36, 80 Camptomeris 240, 245, 312, 317 albizziae 311-312 verruculosa 234, 311-313 Camposporidium 457, 461-462 ghindense 457, 461 Cantharellus 46, 61, 70 guianensis 46, 76 Capillaris oligocarpa 137-138 Capronia 10, 70 parasitica 10, 78 Caripia 46, 70 montagnei 46, 77 Catenularia velutina 129 Catilla pandani 131 Cenangium aequinoctiale 67, 73 Cenococcum 373-374 geophilum 374, 387-388 graniforme 374, 389-390 Centrospora 319 Ceraceomerulius rubicundus 324, 328 Ceratiomyxa 3, 70 fruticulosa 3, 75 sphaerosperma 3, 79 Cercoseptoria 194, 319 capsellae 253 handelii 276 laserpitii 295 pini-densflorae 297 501 Cercospora 188, 194, 200, 240, 246, 255- 257, 260, 269, 318-321, 280, 293, 300, 302-303 agerati 295 agryrolobii 249 albomaculans 253 amadelpha 284 amaranti 251 amygdali 307 andropogonis 308 anthelmintica 250 apii 234, 248 var. carotae 255 var. pastinacae 294 arachidicola 234, 248 arachidis 296 var. macrospora 248 asparagi 234, 249 atricincta 315 avicularis 249 502 [Cercospora] balladynae 249 barrasii 309 batatae 309 bauhiniae 249 betae 250 beticola 234, 250 bidentis 234, 251 bloxami 252 bolleana 251 brachiata 234, 251 brachycarpa 251 brassicae 253 brassicae-campestris 252 brassicola 234, 252 byliana 252 caffra 279 canescens 236, 253 caricina 254 caricis 235, 254-255 carotae 235, 248, 255 caryae 234, 256 cassavae 276 cassinopsidis 235, 256 cassiocarpa 287 cearae 277 cerasella 257 var. avium 257 chardoniana 258 chenopodii 268 chenopodiicola 250 cichorii 235, 257 cichorii-intybi 257 circumcissa 257 citrullina 237, 257 clerodendri 258 clerodendricola 258 cocculi 259 coffeae 260 coffeicola 235, 260 columnaris 275 commelinicola 260 commelynae 235, 260 consobrina 307 corchori 235, 261 corynelioides 265 coryneoides 264 cruciferarum 238, 260 cruenta 261 cucurbitae 257 curtisiae 261 cyperi 255 cyperi-fusci 255 cyperi-rotundri 255 delicatissima 263 demetrioniana 235, 263 difformis 313 dissotidis 265 dolichi 261 dovyalidis 268 dubia 268 echii 236, 268 egenula 268 emicis 310 epicoccoides 269 eucalypti 269 fici 272 flagelliformis 250 formosana 272 fuckelii 264 fusca 264 fusimaculans 272 garbiniana 307 gomphrenicola 300 gossypina 236, 272 graminis 273 granuliformis 240, 274 guliana 307 haemanthi 236, 276 halleriae 276 handelii 276 helianthi 236, 276 henningsii 276 herrerana 260 heteromalla 239, 278 horiana 305 insulana 237, 239, 278 ixeridis-chinensis 282 jaguarensis 251 judaica 265 kiggelariae 279 kikuchii 236, 279 kiusana 313 koepkei 280 lactucae 282 lactucae-indicae 282 lactucae-sativae 282 lantana-aculeatae 272 leoni 265 leonotidis 237, 281 liebenbergii 281-282 longipes 280 longispora 282 longissima 237, 250, 282 luffae 258 lupinicola 237, 282 lussoniensis 309 maclurae 187-188, 190 manihotis 277 maylayensis 236, 283 medicaginis 237, 283 melaena 283 melanochaete 284 microstigma 254 momordicae 258 mucunae-capitatae 309 mucunae-ferrugineae 309 [Cercospora] musae 284 myrti 284 myrticola 284 mysoriensis 298 neovignae 261 nicotianae 237, 285 oblecta 285 occidentalis 287 var. cassiocarpa 287 oliniae 288 omphacodes 288-290 oryzae 237, 291 pachycarpi 291 padi 257 var. mahaleb 257 pallidissima 293 panici 272 panici-miliacei 272 paraguayensis 269-270 pareirae 293 pastinaca 294 pastinacae 294 paulensis 287 perfoliati 295 persicariae 295 personata 296 var. caSsiae occidentalis 287 petuniae 238, 296-297 phaseolina 275 phaseolorum 261 phlogina 288-290 physalicola 297 physalidis , 238, 297 piaropi 238, 297 pistiae 238, 297 pini-densiflorae 297 plantaginella 297 plantaginis 238, 297 pouzolziae 298 preisii 293 pretoriensis 236, 298, 300 protearum var. leucadendri 301 pruni-persicae 257 pseudarthriae 301 pseudokalanchoes 237, 302 -psychotriae 302 psychotriicola 302 punctiformis 303-304 purpurea 304 raciborskii 261, 285 resedae 239, 304 var. legionensis 304 var. luteae 304 var. mahonensis 304 rhapontici 239, 305 rhoicissi 305 riachueli 305 richardiaecola 305 richardiicola 240, 305 ricinella 239, 306 roesleri 264 f. fuckelii 264 rosae 306 rosaecola 306 var. undosa 306 rosae-indiananensis 306 rosicola 306 rosigena 306 rubi 307 rubro-tincta 307 saccardiana 284 schiffnerulae 249 scitula 308 sechii 257 septorioides 307 sesami 235, 238, 308 solani-melongenae 268 somalensis 287 sorghi 235, 308 var. cymbopogonis 308 var. maydis 308-309 sororiae 274 sphaeroidea 287 spinaciae 250 spinacicola 250 staticis 278 stizolobii 309 stuhlmannii 275 sycina 251 texensis 282 timorensis 309 transvaalensis 309 tremae 267 trematis 267 trematis-guineensis 267 trichosanthis 257 tripolitana 236, 309-310 vaginae 310 verbeniphila 310 vignae 261 vignae-sinensis 261 vignicaulis 253 vincetoxici 303 violae 240, 313 var. minor 313 violae-tricoloris 313 viticola 314 vitis 314 withaniae 314 zeae-maydis 240, 315 zinniae 240, 315 zizyphi 315 Cercosporella 240, 243, 263, 319 albomaculans 253 brassicae 253 503 504 [Cercosporella] cardariae 254 conringiae 254 coorgica 295 crambes 254 delicatissima 263 ekebergiae 236, 269 eremodauci 295 goldbachiae 254 gossypii 273 herpotrichoides 277 hypoestis 236, 278 isatidis 254 litvinoviae 254 malcolmiae 254 nesliana 253 pastinacae 294 physospermi 295 raphanistri 253 Cercosporidium 274, 287, 318 cassiocarpum 287 dubium 268 graminis 273 henningsii 277 personatum 296 Cercosporina 257 cichorii 257 insulana 278 kikuchii 279 occidentalis 287 petuniae 296 Cercosporiopsis 253 canescens 253 viticolum 314 Cercostigminia 233, 240, 244, 252, 282, 287 leucadendri 301 leucospermi 300 var. protearum 300 liebenbergii 238, 271, 281 protearum var. hakeae 236, 300 var. leucadendri 237 var. protearum 237 Ceriporia 50, 70 spissa 50, 79 Cetraria 153 Ceuthospora 139 olivacea 139 pandani 139 Chaetocalathus 57, 70 liliputianus 57, 77 Chaetopsina 7, 70 polyblastiae 7, 78 Chaetospermum 7, 70 elasticae 7, 75 Chaetosphaerella 34, 70 phaeostroma 34, 78 Chaetosphaeria 34, 70 aotearoae 127 fusispora 34, 75 innumera 34, 76 myriocarpa 34, 77 pannicola 35, 78 Chalarodes bisetis 129 obconica 129 Chamaeota 62, 70 subolivascens 62, 80 Charomyces 464 Cheilaria melanoplaca 67, 77 Chlamydomyces palmarum 196 Chloridium hippotrichoides 137-138 Chlorophyllum 54, 70 molybdites 54, 77 Choiromyces 386 magnusii 380 meandriformis 380 venosus 380 Circinella 145-146, 148-149 angarensis 148 chinensis 145-146, 148 indica 146 lacrymispora 145-146, 148 linderi 145 minor 148 mucorioides 145, 148 muscae 148 naumovii 148 rigida 148 simplex 146, 148 umbellata 148 Cladophialophora 240, 244, 318 kellermanianum 237, 239, 278 Cladosporium ampelinum 314 berkheyae 250 laxum 280 personatum 296 var. cassiae 287 pestis 265 roseleri 264 solanicola 251 versicolor 295 vitis 314 Clasterosporium 451 amygdalearum 256 carpophylum 255-256 diffusum 264 Clathrus 64, 70 crispus 64, 74 Claudopus pandanicola 131 Clavaria 46, 49, 53, 67, 70, 81 505 [Clavaria] bisterigmatica 46, 73 Cordierites 41, 70, 85 brasiliensis 67, 74 guianensis 41, 76 carbonaria 53 Cordyceps 17, 70, 386 fastigiata 67 larvata 17, 76 furcellata 49 Strangulans 67, 80 nivea 67, 78 strangulatus 67 surculus 49 Coriolopsis 50, 70 Clavulina 70 asper 50, 73 amethystea 67, 73 occidentalis 50, 78 cristata 67, 74 rigida 326 Calvulinopsis 70 sprucei 67, 80 corniculata 67, 74 Coriolus Clithris velutinus 70, 80 pandani 131 Corticium 67 Clypeosphaeria caulinum 67, 74 stevensii 127 cornucopioides 68 Coccoidella 10, 70 Cortinarius 99 euglypta 10, 75 Coryneum 280 Coccomyces 42, 70 beyerinckii 256 leptosporus 42, 77 carpophilum 255 Cochliobolus Cotylidia 49, 70 miyabeanus 407-408 aurantiaca 49 Colletotrichum spectabilis 1, 49, 79 pandani 139 Craterellus 68 Collybia 58, 70 cornucopioides 74 longipes 58 Craterium 4, 70 neotropica 58, 78 leucocephalum 4, 77 plectophylla 58, 78 paraguayense 4, 78 polygramma 58, 78 Creosphaeria syringea 58, 80 sassafras 471-474, 476 Coltricia 48, 70 Crepidotis fragilissima 48, 75 parietalis 128 perennis 67, 78 Cribraria 3, 70 spathulata 48, 79 costata 3, 74 Comatricha 5, 70 microcarpa 3, 77 longa 5, 77 Crinipellis 58, 70 nigra 5, 78 eggersii 58, 75 typhoides 5, 80 septotricha 58, 79 Complexipes 378 urbica 58, 80 Coniothyrium Crocicreas 81 pandanicola 139 Cryptophiale perottianum 139 caudata 129 Conocybe 54, 70 novae-caledoniae 129 siennophylla 55, 79 Cudonia umbellula 67, 80 circinans 375 Cookeina 43, 70, 81 confusa 375 speciosa 43, 79-80 Cyathus 65, 70 sulcipes 80, 327 helenae 65, 76 tricholoma 43, 80 limbatus 65, 77 Coprinus 55, 70 plicatus 65, 78 lagopus 55, 76 Cyclomyces 48, 70 mirabilis 55, 77 fuscus 48, 75 plicatilis 55, 78 iodinus 48, 76 Cordella 196 Cylindrocarpon 7, 70, 81, 84 coniosporioides 196 septosporum 7, 79 fasciculata 196 Cylindrospora spinulosa 195-196 ajugae 247 tomentosa 195 Cylindrosporium 506 [Cylindrosporium] brassicae 253 Didymium 4, 70 capsellae 253 iridis 4, 76 grevilleanum 274 Dimerosporium latifolii 294 pandani 131 nesliae 253 Dingleya 390 pimpinellae geometrica 379 var. pastinacae 294 phymatodea 379 septatum 294 tessellata 379 Cymatoderma 50, 70 Diplococcium caperatus 326 pandani 137 dentriticum 50, 75, 326 Diplodia Cytosphaeria 7, 70 fructus-pandani 139 Cyphella f. foliorum 139 pandani 131 pandani 139 Cystidiodontia Diplodina artocreas 324, 327 pandani 139 Cytosphaeria 7 Diploschistes 212, 225 mangiferae 7, 77 actinostomus Cytospora var. farinosus 212 pandani 139 diacapsis 212 steppicus 212 Dacryopinax 44, 70 Disciseda 65, 70 formosus 44, 75 cervina 65, 74 indacocheae 44, 76 Distocercospora 240, 245 martinii 44, 77 africana 235, 247 spathularia 44, 79 Ditiola 44, 70 Dactylaria radicata 45, 79 iriomoteana 137 Dothidasteromella Daedalea 50, 70 pandani 131 aethalodes 50, 73 Dothidea 70 Daldinia 36, 70 acrocomiae 68, 73 concentrica 36, 74 phylloplacus 68, 78 var. escholzii 36, 75 Dothiorella Dasyscyphus 480 maculosa 139 Datronia 50, 70 Dysrynchis 13, 70 caperata 50, 74 oligotricha 13, 78 Dendrosphaera 382 Dennisiomyces 56, 70 Earliella 50, 70 griseus 56, 76 scabrosa 50, 79, 326 Diaporthe 18, 70 Echidnodes arctii 18, 73 pandani 130-132 Diatrype 18, 70, 477 sandwicensis 131 erinaea 68, 73 Echinochaete 50, 70 phaselina 18, 78 brachypora 50, 73 radicalis 68, 79 Elaphomyces 371-373, 375, 384, 386, 388- stellulata 68, 80 390 urticaria 18, 80 anthracinus 373-374 Diatrypella 18, 70, 477 asperulus 374 quercina 18, 79 cervinus 374 Dictydium 4, 70 granulatus 374 cancellatum 4, 74 guangdongensis 375 Dictyonema 83 leveillei 375 Dictyophora 65, 70 morretti 375 indusiata 65, 76 muricatus 375, 388 Dictyoploca 58, 61 mutabilis 375 Didymella 350 miyabeanus 375 pandani 131 nopporensis 375 pandanicola 131, 134 persoonii 375 [Elaphomyces] reticulatus 375 subviscidus 375 trappei 375 variegatus 375 verrucosus 375 viridiseptum 375, 390 Ellisembia palauensis 129 paravaginata 137 vaginata 129 Ellisiodothis microdisca 127 pandani 131 Encoelia 41, 70 cubensis 41, 74 Endocreas 70 lasiacidis 18, 76, 84 Enslinia 70 leprieuri 68, 77 Entoloma 56, 70 lycopersicum 56, 77 tucucgense 56, 80 Epiococcum nirgum 137 pandani 137 Erinella alboflaveola 131 Eriocercospora 240, 245 balladynae 234, 249 Eutypa armeniacae Exosporium 280 celastri 256 palmivorum 293 preissii 293 Favolaschia 47, 70, 85 auriscalpium 47, 73 fendleri 47, 75 Favolus 50, 70, 324 brasiliensis 50, 74 Fennelomyces 145 naumovii 145, 148 Fibricium rude 324 Fibrodontia gossypina 324 Fibulomyces mutabilis 324, 328 Filoboletus 58, 70 gracilis 58, 76 Filosporella aquatica 137 Fischerula 389 subcaulis 377 Fistulinella 56, 70 venezuelae 56, 80 Fluviostroma 35, 70 wrightii 35, 80 Fomes 50, 70 fasciatus 51, 75, 326 marmoratus 51 pandani 135-136 Fuligo 4, 70 septica 4, 79 Fugilomyces 209 Fulvia berkheyae 250 Fusariella cladosporioides 284 Fusarium 7, 70, 84 betae 250 pandani 137 setosum 7, 79, 84 Fusidium ajugae 247 Fusisporium betae 250 pandani 137 Gaillardiella 33, 70 pezizoides 33, 78 Galerina 55, 70, 113 pectinata 1, 55, 78 subpectinata 55 Gallacea 345 Ganoderma 47, 70, 325 australe 47, 73 fornicatum 47, 75 lipsiense 47, 77 lucidum 47, 77, 325, 327 multiplicatum 47, 77 oerstadii 47, 78 opacum 47, 78 resinaceum 68, 79 testaceum 47, 80 tornatum 48, 80 Gastropila 162 fragilis 160, 162 Gauemannomyces 85 Gautieria 329 Geastrum 64, 70 lageniforme 64, 76 mirabile 64, 77 saccatum 64, 79 scleroderma 68, 79 triplex 327 velutinum 65, 80 Gelopellis 338 thaxteri 337 Genabea cerebriformis 376 Genea anthracnina 376, 389 gardneri 376 harknessii 376 507 508 [Genea] klotzschii 376 verrucosa 376 Geopora arenicola 378 cervina 378 clausa 378 cooperi 378 f. gilkeyae 378 foliacea 378 nicaensis 378 sumneriana 378 Gerronema 70 cyathiforme 64, 75 tenue 64, 80 Gibberella 18, 70 fujikuroi 18, 75 Gibellula 7, 70 pulchra 7, 79 Gliocephalotrichum bulbilium 143 Gliocladium 7, 70 polyporicola 7, 78 Gliomastix macroelata 137 Gloeocantharellus 48, 70 corneri 48, 74 Gloeocystidiellum convolvens 324 Gloeophyllum 70 striatum 51, 80 Gloeosporium pandani 139 Glomerella pandani 131 Glonium 10, 70 abbreviatum 10, 73 Gomphus 48, 70 viridis 48, 80 Grammothele 326 fuligo 326-327 lineata 326 subargentea 326 Graphiola phoenicis 68, 78 Graphium clavisporium 314 laxum 275 Groveolopsis pandani 139, 141 Guedea novae-zelandiae 129 Guignardia freycinetiae 127 Gymnopilus 99, 113 primulinus 113 Gyromitra esculenta 377 infula 377 sichuanensis 377 Haddowia 48, 70 longipes 48, 77 Hallingea 329, 339-341, 343-344 carneoroseus 340-341 purpureus 339-341, 343 violaceus 340-341, 343 Hapalopilus 46, 71 phlebiaeformis 46, 78 rutilans 46, 79 Haplaria pandani 137 Haplosporella pandanicola 136 Harknessia pandani 140 Harpographium 7, 71 Helminthosporium 408 balladynae 249 carpophilum 255 cerasorum 256 manihotis 277 rhabdiferum 256 vitis 314 Helotium 82 Helvella corium 377 crispa 377 Hemicorynespora naviculiformis 137 Hemitrichia 6, 71 calyculata 6, 74 serpula 6, 79 Hendersonia heliconia 68, 76 Heraldoa pandani 131 Herpotrichia 11, 71 milletiae 11, 77 Heterochaete 45, 71 andina 45, 73 Heterochaetella 45, 71 cystidiophora 45, 75 Heterosporium magnoliae 206, 208 Hexagona 82 aculeata 68, 73 f. glabrata 68, 76 papyracea 68, 78, 326 polygramma 51 Hexagonia 51, 71 hydnoides 51, 76 tenuis 51, 80 Hiatula 71 lignifraga 71, 77 Hirneola 71 lancicula 68, 76 509 Hohenbuehelia 64, 71 Hyphodontia 121, 325 paraguayensis 64, 78 crustosa 119-120 Hugueninia crustosoglobosa 117, 119-120 freycinetiae 127 nespori 120-121 Humphreya 325 nesporina 117, 120-121 Hyalopleiochaeta 457-458, 461 Hyphopodia 85 delicata 458-460 Hyphothyrium 321 Hydnobolitis Hypochnus 71 cerebriformis 377 nigrocinctus 68, 78 Hydnocystis 379 Hypocrea 18, 71 Hydnodon 54, 71 brevipes 18, 74 thelephorus 54, 80 flavovirens 18, 75 Hydnopolyporus 51, 71 fusca 19, 75 fimbriatus 51, 75 gelatinosa 19, 75 Hydnotrya hemisphaerica 131 cerebriformis 377 impressa 19, 76 cubispora 377 lutea 19, 77 michaelis 377 nigricans 19, 78 tulasnei 377 pallida 19, 82, 78 Hydropus 58, 71, 85 patella 19, 78 bisporus 58, 73 phyllogena 68, 78 nigritus 58, 78 rufa 68, 78 terrae-firmae 58, 80 schweinitzii 19, 79 Hygroaster 56, 71 tingomariensis 19, 80 nodulisporus 56, 78 Hypocrella 17, 71 Hygrocybe 56, 71 gaertneriana 17, 75 cheilocystidiata 56, 74 Hypocreopsis 71, 84 conica 68, 74 xylariicola 68, 80 firma 56, 75 Hypodiscus 83 guianensis 56, 76 Hypogymnia 153 hypohaemacta 56, 76 Hypolyssus 71 lilacinella 56, 77 montagnei 68, 77 martinicensis 56, 77 Hypomyces 19, 71, 84 miniata 57, 77 amaurodermatis 19, 73 nigrescens australis 19, 73 var. brevispora 57, 74, 78 semitranslucens 19, 79 nouraguensis 57, 78 subiculosus 19, 80 occidentalis 57, 78 Hyponectria siparia 57, 79 pandani 131 sp.-1 57 Hypoxylon 36-38, 40, 71, 83, 127, 143, sp.-2 57 477 sp.-3 57 annulatum 37 sp.-4 57 anthracodes 68, 73 sp.-5 57 arecarium 68, 73 subflavida 57, 79 asphaltum 68, 73 Hygrophorus 67, 71 coenopus 68, 74 maroniensis 68, 77 comaropsis 68, 74 Hymenochaete 48, 71, 325 conostoma 38 berkeleyana 48, 73 cyclopicum 36, 75 caco 325 endoxanthum 68, 75 rheicolor 48, 79 exsurgens 68, 75 Hymenogaster 339 fragiforme 472 australe 341 freycinetiae 127 australis 338 glycirrhiza 37, 76 Hymenoscyphus 82 hypomiltum 37, 76 Hymenostilbe 8, 71 incrustans 68, 76 Hyphochnicium irradians 38 lundellii 324, 327 macromphalum 68, 77 510 {[Hypoxylon] macrospermum 68, 77 microstictum 68, 77 monticulosum 37, 77 nucigenum 37, 78 oceanicum 85 phoenix 68, 78 porosum 68, 78 quisquilarium 37, 79 rubiginosum 37, 79, 476 sassafras 472 sclerophaeum 37, 79 subannulatum 37, 80 sulcatum 37, 80 truncatum 37, 80 vinosum 37 Hysterangium 329-331, 335, 338-341, 345 affine 333 australe 338 . carneoroseum 340 crassipariete 330-331, 333 epiroticum 334 eucalyptorum 335-336 hallingii 330-331, 333-334, 338 incognitum 330-331, 334 inflatum 330-331, 335-336 pterosporum 335-336 purpureum 341, 343 separabile 335 spegazzinii 330-331, 336, 338 thaxteri 338 tunicatum 336 violaceum 343 Hysterium 71 foliicolum 68, 75 Hysterographium 10, 71 mori 10, 77 Idriella 472 Immotthia 10, 71 hypoxylon 10, 76 Inocybe 171, 173-174 sect. Rimosae 171 cutifracta 171 fastigiata 173-174 virosa 171-172 Inonotus 48, 71 splitbergeri 48, 80 Iodosphaeria 16, 71 phyllophila 16, 78 Ionomidotis 85 Irene nuxiae 93 Irenina aguariae 91 nuxiae 93 Isariopsis clavispora 314 fuckellii 264 griseola 275 Isia neocaledoniensis 131, 135 Javaria 14, 71 shimekii 14, 79 Johansonia pandani 132 Jongiella 83 Karschia 66, 71 Kavinia alboviridis 323, 325, 327 Kirramyces 269, 321 Kodonospora tetracolumnaris 137 Kretzschmaria 37, 71 clavus 37, 74 lucidula 37, 77 Laboulbeniopsis 66, 71 termitarius 66, 80 Labyrinthomyces 379, 383, 390 donkii 379 varius 379 Lachnea vinosobrunnea 378 Lachnocladium 49, 71 tubulosum 49, 80 Lachnum 41, 71, 479-480, 484 abnorme 41, 73 apalum 480, 484 carici 484-485 caricis 480 controversum 480, 484 palearum 480 rhytismatis 41, 79 spartinae 479-480, 482, 484-485 tenuissimum 480, 484 Lactarius 63, 71, 175, 186, 411-412, 415, 423-426, 435, 449-450 subg. Piperites 175, 186 sect. Lactifluus 423, 450 sect. Piperites 175, 186 sect. Polysphaerophorini 424 subsect. Croceini 175, 186 subsect. Scrobiculati 184-186 acerrimus 184-185 alnicola var. alnicola 425, 434-437, 448 var. pitkinensis 438 var. pungens 438, 440, 448 chiapanensis 411-412, 414-415, 421 ciliciodes 185 citriolens 184-185 corrugis 422, 425, 438, 440-442, 448 costaricensis 415 deceptivus 425, 443-444 [Lactarius] echinosporus 185 epitheliosus 63, 75 gigasporus 415 griseus 425-426, 429 hygrophoroides 442 indigo 425, 444, 446 var. indigo 445 intermedius 184-186 maculatus 435, 448 mediterraneensis 175-176, 178, 181-182, 184-186 f. citrina 175, 182, 184 mexicanus 185 pandani 135 f. intermedius 135 petersenii 415 pseudogerardii 414-415, 421 resimus 428, 428 var. regalis 425, 428, 430-431 var. resimus 425, 427, 429-431, 448 salmoneus var. curtisii 411, 415-417, 421 scrobiculatus 184-185 subpalustris 425, 432-435, 448 veraecrucis 411-412, 416-418, 421 volemus 419, 421-422, 442 var. volemus 411-412, 418 zonarius 184 Lactocollybia 58, 71 holophaea 58, 76 Lambertella 42, 71 microscopica 42, 77 Langermannia 162 Lanopila bicolor 160 capensis 160-162 radloffiana 161 Lanzia 42, 71 rufocornea 42, 79 Lasiodiplodia 8, 71 abnormis 140 theobromae 8, 80 Lasiosphaeria 31, 71 meznaensis 31, 77 moseri 31, 77 raciborskii 31, 79 Lasiosphaeriella 31, 71 dennisii 32, 75 noonae-dana 32, 78 Lemalis 71 mangiferae 68, 77 Lembosia 71 catervaria 68, 74 pandani 131-132 Lempholemma 368-369 fennicum 368 wrightii 366 Lentaria 49, 71 aati mucida 49, 77 surculus 49, 80 Lentinula 59, 71 boryana 59, 73 Lentinus 61, 71, 81, 83 bertieri 61, 73 concavus 61, 74 crinitus 62, 74 fasciatus 62, 75 ixodes 59 pergamenus 62 striatulus 62, 80 strigosus 62, 80 swartzii 62, 80 tephroleucus 52, 80 tigrinus var. holopogonius 62 velutinus 62, 80 zonalis 62 Leocarpus 71 melaleucus 68, 77 Lepiota 71 clypeolaria 68, 74 Leprieuria 37, 71 bacillum 38, 73 Leptosphaeria 133 elaeidis 353-354, 356-357 pandani 132 pandanicola 132 Leucoagaricus cepaestipes 68 Leucocoprinus 71 cepaestipes 74 squamulosus 80 Leucogyrophana romellii 323, 325, 327 subillaqueata 323, 325, 327-328 Leuconectria clusiae 143 Leucoprinus 54 squamulosus 54 Leveillula taurica 305 Libertella 472 Lichenostigma 211-212, 219, 223-225 subg. Lichenogramma 211, 219, 224 subg. Lichenostigma 219, 224 elongata 211-213, 214-217, 219-220, 224 maureri 211-213, 225 rugosa 211-213 Lichenothelia 219, 223-225 scopularia 213, 224 Lichina 368 Linocarpon 31, 71, 82 livistonae 31, 132 pandani 132, 141 vermiculosum 31, 80 Linospora p12 [Linospora] pandani 132 Lobothallia 211-212 alphoplaca 219 praeradiosa 219 radiosa 213-214, 216, 219-220 Lopharia 71 Lophiostroma 11, 71 caulium 11, 74 Lophodermium javanicum var. pandani 132 Lycogala 5, 71 epidendron 5, 75 exiguum 5, 75 Lycogalopsis 65, 71 solmsii 65, 79 Lycoperdon 65, 71 fuligineum 65, 75 Lysurus 71 cruciatus 68, 74 Macrophoma pandani 140 Macrophomella pandani 140 Macrosporium rhabdiferum 255 Macrovalsaria 66, 71, 85 megalospora 66, 77 Marasmiellus 59, 71, 85, 143 defibulatus 59, 75 incrustatus 59, 76 nigripes 59, 78 rubellus 59, 79 stenophylloides 59, 80 stenophyllus 59, 80 troyanus 59, 80 volvatus 59, 80 Marasmius 58-59, 61, 71, 113 actinopus 59, 73 atrorubens 59, 73 cladophyllus 60, 74 congregatus 68, 74 decurrens 68, 75 dispar 68, 75 ferrugineus 60, 75 fulviceps 60, 75 gamophyllus 68, 75 griseoroseus 60, 76 guianensis 60, 76 haedinus var. minor 60, 76-77 haematocephalus 60, 76 helvolus 60, 76 leoninus 60, 77 longipes 58 montagneanus 60, 77 niveus 60, 78 pallescens 60, 78 pandanicola 136 poecius 60, 78 polycladus 60, 78 proletarius 60, 78 pusio 60, 79 radicellicola 60, 79 rhabarbarinus 61, 79 rubricosus 61, 79 rufescens 61, 79 rugatus 68, 79 semiustus var. abortivus 136 splitbergeri 61, 80 tageticolor 61, 80 tenuissimus 61 Massarina 11, 71 corticola 11, 74 Matsushimaea 463, 469 fasciculata 469 fertilis 463, 466-467, 468-469 Melanconium freycinetiae 126, 130 merrillii 140 pandani 133, 140 pandanicola 140 Melanochaeta 32, 71 hemispila 32, 76 Melanographium 8, 71, 195-198, 200 anceps 196 calami 195, 197-199 citri 197-198 cookei 8, 74, 195, 197-198 fasciculatum 195, 197-198 indicum 197-198 maximum 195 selenoides 197-198 spinulosum 195-198 spleniosporum 195-197 thunbergiae 196-198 trachycarpi 197 Meliola 13, 126 juttingii 132 pandani 132 pandanicola 133 Melioliphila 14, 71 volutella 14, 80 Menegazzia 153 Mesniera 348, 350 Metadiplodia pandani 140-141 Metasphaeria 133 chistophersenii 127 fur 133-134 profuga 133 Microcyclus pandani 133 Microdochium 472 Microglossum 41, 71 rufum 41, 79 Micropeltis 71 applanata 68, 73 marginata 68, 77 Microporellus 51, 71 dealnatus 51, 75 obovatus 51, 78 Microsphaerella pandani 133 Microthelia 352 aterrima 213, 225 Midotis 71 heteromera 68, 76 Minocarpon 85 Mitrula lutea 41 Monochaetia 357 Monodictys pandani 137 Monographella 357 Monotospora fasciculata 195-197 Morchella rotunda 377, 384 Muciturbo 390 reticulatus 376 truncatus 376 verrucosus 376 Mucor 145 Mycena 61, 71 pura 68, 79 tesselata 61, 80 trichocephala 61, 80 Mycocentrospora 190 Mycopepon 12, 71, 81 smithii 12, 79 Mycosphaerella 243-244, 282, 306, 317, 319 arachidicola 248 arachidis 248, 319 berkeleyi 296 bolleana 251 capsellae 254 cerasella 257 coffeicola 260 confusa 307 cruenta 261 dubia 307 fragariae 274-275 freycinetiae 127 gibsonii 297 gossypina 272-273 henningsii 277 maesae 283 manihotis 277 marasasii 283 musicola 284 papuaria 248 personata 314 piliostigmatis 249 pruni-persicae 319 rosicola 306, 319 Mycosyrinx 66, 71 cisii 66, 74 oho Mycovellosiella 190, 209, 240, 245, 263, 319 berkheyae 234, 250 berkheyae-maritimae 234, 250 brachycarpa 239, 251 delicatissima 238, 263 dichondrae 235, 264 dombeyae 236, 268 koepkei 239, 280 lantaniphila 237, 280 laxa 238, 280 perfoliati 234, 295 solanicola 251 vaginae 239, 310 Myiocopron 128 freycinetiae 127-128 pandani 133 Myocopron pandani 133 Myrmecocystis cerebriformis 376 Myrothecium 8, 71 Naematelia 71 granulosa 68, 76 Napicladium brunaudii 256 Naucoria pectinata 55 Nectria 19, 29, 71, 81, 84-85, 126 subg. Dialonectria 85 subg. Hyphonectria 85 alata 8, 19, 73 aureofulva 20, 73 balansiae 20, 73 brasilensis 20, 74 byssicola 20, 74 calami 20, 74 chaetopsinae 20, 74 chaetopsinae-pennicillatae 21, 74 cinnabarina 21, 74, 84 cinnamomea 21, 74 coccinea 68, 74 consors 133, 138, 143 coronata 21, 74 discophora 21, 75 episphaeria 68, 75 flammea 21, 75 flavolanata 8, 21, 75 flocculenta 21, 75 foliicola 22, 75 freycinetiae 127 514 [Nectria] freycinetii 127 gossypina 22, 76 gracilipes 22, 76 grammicospora 22, 76 haematococca 23, 76 ignia 133 illudens 24, 76 impariphialis 24, 76 importata 133 jatrophae 9, 24, 76 joca 24, 76 jungeri 24, 76 laetidiscoides 25, 76 lasiacidis 25, 76 lucida 25, 77 lucifer 25, 77 macrostroma 25, 77 mammiformis 26, 77 mauritiicola 26, 77 neogrammicospora 26, 78 ochroleuca 26, 78, 133 olivacea 27, 78 pandani 133 penicilliferi 8, 27, 78 pertusa 27, 78 pityrodes 8, 27, 78 pseudocinnabarina 27, 78 pseudotrichia 27, 79 purtonii 28, 79 radicicola 28, 79 rigidiuscula 28, 79 rubrococca 28, 79 rugulosa 28, 79 sanguinea 68, 79 scitula 28, 79 septospora 7, 28, 79 sesquicillii 28, 79 setofusariae 7, 29, 79, 84 stilbellae 9, 29, 80 striispora 29, 80 subfalcata 29, 80 subquaternata 29, 80 suffulta 29, 80 sylvana 29, 80 triqua 30, 80 vermispora 30, 80 vilior 30, 80 Nectriopsis 30, 71, 84 byssotecta 30, 74 epimycota 30, 75 leucorrhodina 30, 77 oropensoides 30, 76 Neocudoniella radicella 376 Neohypodiscus 38, 71 irradians 38, 76 Neopeckia rhodosticta var. magnifica 133 Neotyphula 71 guianensis 68, 76 Niesslia 32, 71 erysipheoides 32, 75 Nimbya 407 Nitschkia 33, 71 acanthostroma 33, 73 floridana 33, 75 grevillei 33, 76 macrospora 34, 77 Nodulisporium 8, 71 acervatum 8, 73 gregarium 8, 76 Nothojafnea cryptotricha 379 Nothopanus 62, 71 hygrophanus 62, 76 Odontia flexibilis 128 Oedemium sparsum 137 Omphalaria wrightii 360, 366, 368 Oospora macrotricha 138 Ophiobolus 85 Ophionectria 30, 71 magniverrucosa 30, 77 trichospora 30, 80 Ophiosphaerella 13, 71 graminicola 13, 76 Ophiostoma 34, 71 grande 34, 76 roraimense 34, 79 Orbilia 42, 71 auricolor 42, 73 Ostropella 12, 71 albocincta 12, 73 Otidea indivisa 378 Oudemansiella 56, 71 canarii 56, 74 Ovularia brassicae 253 Oxydothis pandani 134 pandanicola 131, 134 Oxyporus 51, 71 latemarginatus 51, 77 Packykytospora alabamae 326 Paecilomyces iriomoteanus 138 Panaeolus 55, 71 campanulatus 55, 74 515 [Panaeolus] papilionaceus 68, 78 Pemphidium 71 Pandanicola nitidum 68, 78 calocarpa 130, 134 Penicillifer 8, 71, 84 Panellus 64, 71 bipapillatus 8, 73 pusillus 64, 79 microsporus 8, 77 Pantospora 194, 319 Penicillium 8, 71 Panus 61, 81 Peniophora 325 anthocephalus 135-136 gabonensis 136 badius 324 Penzigia 38, 72 bicolor 64 conostoma 38, 74 leprieuri 59 indica 38, 76 rudis 324 Perenniporia 51, 72, 327 Papularia 196 glaucopora 327 Paraaoria medulla-panis 51, 77 himalayana 209 Peristomialis 72, 84 Paracercospora 240, 245 berkeleyi 31, 73 egenula 239, 268 paraparilis 31, 78 scolopiae 239, 308 parilis 31, 78 Parastenella 206, 208 Pestalosphaeria 84, 353-354, 356-357 magnoliae 206 accidenta 354 Parastigmatea austro-americana 354 pandani 134 concentrica 353-354 Parasympodiella 464 elaeidis 353-355 Parmelia 151-153 hansenii 354 cunninghamii 151-152 jinggangensis 354 fraudans 152 leucospermi 354 kerguelensis 152 varia 354, 357 lindsayana 151-152 Pestalotia 8, 72, 357 protosulcata 151-152 guepinii 8, 76 saxatilis 152 pandani 140 sulcata 152 peyronelii 141 Passalora 233, 240, 246, 274, 310, 318 Pestalotiopsis 353, 356-357 avicularis 238, 249 besseyic 357 bolleana 236, 251 Pestalozzia brunaudii 256 pandani 140 circumscissa 238, 257 peyronelii 141 dubia 235, 268 Peziza 69, 72 graminis 235, 273-274 applanata 68, 73 henningsii 237, 276 badia 377 omphacodes 238, 288-290 hindsii 68, 76 pachycarpi 237, 291-292 lohjaensis 377 pastinaca 237, 248, 294 whitei 377 personata 234, 296 Phacidium 72 rosicola 239, 306 phomatoides 69, 78 rubro-tincta 238, 307 Phaeangium verbeniphila 239, 299, 310 lefebvrei 379, 383 Paulia 359-364, 368-369 Phaeocollybia 85, 97-99, 113-116 caespitosa 359-360, 362-364, 368 sect. Microsporae 107, 110, 113 gibbosa 360, 364 sect. Versicolores 104, 107, 110, 113 glomerata 360, 362-364, 368-369 australiensis 97, 100-101, 102, 104 japonica 360, 362-364, 368 caudata 107, 110, 115 wrightii 359, 366, 368 christinae 98 Peccania 359, 368 festiva 115 wrightii 366 kauffmanii 114 Peltella longipes 115 freycinetiae 127-128 primulina 113 Peltostoma 321 primulinus 98 freycinetiae 130 querqueti 107 516 [Phaeocollybia] rancida 106 Phomopsis ratticauda 97-98, 100, 104, 106-108, 110- eumorpha 130 115 pandani 141 var. myrtaeceophila 97, 100, 106-107, Phylacia 38, 72, 83 108, 110, 115 poculiformis 38, 78 singularis 104 Phyllachora 34, 72 tasmanica 97, 100, 108, 110-114 freycinetiae 128 Phaeoisariopsis 209, 240, 244, 287, 318- rhopalina 34, 79 319 Phyllomyces 85 griseola 238, 275 melanochaeta 237, 284 Phyllosticta pandanicola 141 sphaeroidea 287 umbellatarum 294 Vitis 314 Physalacria 61, 72 Phaeoramularia 208-209, 240, 245, 287, Physalospora 320 pandani 134 dissiliensis 240, 264 Physarella 4, 72 fusimaculans 234, 272 oblonga 4 kellermaniana 278 occidentalis 235, 287 Phaeoschizophyllum 54, 72 leprieuri 54, 77 Physarum 4, 72, 170 bivalve 4, 73 bogoriense 4, 73 compressum 4, 74, 142 Phaeoseptoria 269 fasciculata 142 eucalypti 321 globuliferum 4, 76 Phaeosphaeria 13, 72 javanicum 4, 76 halima 480 nucleatum 4, 78 minima 13, 77 nutans 4 spartinicola 480 penetrale 5, 78 Phaeosporella reniforme 142 rosicola 306 stellatum 5, 80 Phaeosporobolus 224 viride 5, 80 usneae 225 Picoa Phallobata 345 carthusiana 376 Phallus 65 Pionnotes indusiatus 65 betae 250 radicatus 65 Pirostoma Phanerochaete 72 farnetianum 141 crassa 69, 74 Placoasterella sordida 325 pandanicola 134 Phellinus 48, 72 Placodium gilvus 48, 75, 325 alphoplacum 219 var. licnoides 49, 77 Placsoterella noxius 325 pachyphloeus 82 Phialophota 85 Phillipsia 43, 72, 83 pandanicola 134 Platismatia 153 Pleiochaeta 457-458, 460-462 amazonensis 461 tetraspora 43, 80 ghindensis 461 Phlebia 325 setosa 460-461 Phloeospora 269 Stellaris 461 laserpitii 294 Plenodomus septata 294 inaequalis 141 Phloeosporella 269 Pleurophragmium Phoma hippotrichoides 137-138 fructus-pandani 141 martellii 141 pandani 140-141 Phomatospora cylindrotheca 134 pandani 134 Pleurotus 62, 72, 81 djamor 62, 75 ostreatus 62, 78 tahitensis 136 Plicaria alveolata 377 Pluteus 62, 67, 72 aethalus 62, 73 alborubellus 73 albostipitatus 63, 73 fluminensis 63, 75 sapiicola 63, 79 sergii 63, 79 Poculum 42, 72 crocatum 42, 74 Podoscypha 50, 72 brasiliensis 50, 74 macrorhiza 50, 77 nitidula 50, 78 Podostroma 31, 72 eperuae 31, 75 Poloniodiscus 85 Polyactis olivacea 137 Polycoccum 350 Polydiscidium 41, 72 martynii 41, 77 Polyporus 47-48, 50-53, 67, 72 actinobolus 52 aculeatus 51 agariceus 69, 73 auriformis 52 brunneolus 52 campyloporus 48 cruentus 50 dictyopus 51, 75 diederichsenii 52 extensus 69, 75 fibrosoradiatus 69, 75 floridanus 53 gibberulosus 53 gilvus var. scabrorugosus 69, 75, 79 grammocephalus var. cayennensis 69, 74, 76 guianensis 51, 76 heteromorphus 47 hostmanii 50 infernalis 327 leiodermus 52 leprieuri 51, 77 licnoides 49 micromegas 52 monochrous 52 multiformis 48 mutabilis 51 nitidus var. croceus 69, 74, 78 omalopilus 48 pandani 126, 135-136 phaeoporus 50 rhizomorphus 51, 79 schomburgkii 47 tenuiculus 51, 80 517 tricholoma 51, 80 tristiusculus 69, 80 Polyschema 451, 455-456 chambalensis 455-456 clavulata 455 congolensis 456 cubensis 455 indica 451, 456 larviformis 455-456 lignicola 455-456 olivacea 456 queenslandica 455 sagari 455 terricola 455 variabilis 456 venusta 451-452, 453-456 yakuensis 455 Poronia 38, 72 heliscus 69, 76 oedipus 38, 78 Porostereum 54, 71-72 papyrinum 54, 78 Proliferodiscus 41, 72 inspersus 41, 76 Protubera 345 Psathyrella 55, 72 annulosa 55, 73 Pseudaleuria quinaultiana 379, 386 Pseudevernia furfuracea 212 Pseudocamptoum citri 195-197 Pseudocercospora 187-189, 192, 194, 208, 233, 240, 244, 258-259, 263, 269, 272, 278, 282, 288, 290, 294, 296, 304, 317, 319-320 argyrolobii 234, 249 avicularis 249 bauhiniae 234, 249 byliana 234, 252 clerodendri 235, 258 clutiicola 235, 258 columnaris 275 correae 193-194 correicola 194 cruenta 238-239, 261 curtisiae 235, 261-262 diospyri-lycioides 235, 264 dissotidis 235, 265-266 doidgei 233, 239, 265-266 dovyalidis 236, 268 eucalypti 269 eucalyptorum 236, 269-270, 318 fici 272 fici-caricae 272 fici-sycamorusii 233, 236, 270-271 formosana 237, 272 518 [Pseudocercospora] halleriae 236, 276 handellii 239, 276 jussiaeae 237, 278 kenemensis 192 kiagweensis 267 kiggelariae 237, 279 lantana-aculeatae 272 liebenbergii 281 maclurae 187, 189-190, 192-193 marasasii 239, 283 melaena 236, 283 musae 237, 284 myrticola 237, 284 oliniae 237, 286, 288 omphacodes 291 pallidissima 239, 293 paraguayensis 233, 270 pareirae 235, 292-293 persicariae 238, 295-296 pini-densiflorae 238, 297 polygonicola 296 pouzolziae 238, 298-299 pseudarthriae 238, 301-302 psychotriicola 238, 302 punctata 236, 303 punctiformis 235, 299, 303-304 purpurea 238, 304 rhoicissi 239, 305 riachueli 235, 305 rogersoniana 233, 289, 291 rubi 239, 307 scitula 234, 308 stizolobii 239, 309 timorensis 237, 309 transvaalensis 234, 309 trematicola 267 trematis-cannabini 267 trematis-orientalis 267 vitis 187, 192, 240, 314 withaniae 240, 314 zizyphi 240, 315-317 ziziphicola 317 Pseudocercosporella 240, 243, 248, 319 capsellae 234, 238, 253 dovyalidis 268 herpotrichoides 277 laserpitii 295 pastinacae 234, 294 Pseudocercosporidium 319 Pseudohydnum 45, 72 gelatinosum 45, 75 var. bisporum 45, 73 Pseudonectria 143 tornata 133 Psilocybe 63, 72 coprophila 63, 74 cubensis 63, 74 Pterula 53, 72 dilatata 53, 75 fructicola 136 taxiformis 53, 80 Puccinia freycinetiae 129 leucadis 281 Pucciniopsis caffra 252 Pulveroboletus 55, 72 brachyspermus 55, 73 Pulvinula 42, 72 anthracobia 42, 73 etiolata 42, 75 tetraspora 379 Punctelia 153 Pycnoporus 52, 72 sanguineus 52, 79 Pycnothyrium pandani 141 Pyrenocyclus - ambiguus 128 Pyrenula flagellata 134 Pyrofomes 52, 72 aurantiacus 52, 73 Pyronema 72 omphalodes 69, 78 Pyrrhoglossum 55, 72, 99 Sstipitatum 55, 80 Ragnhildiana agerati 295 roseleri 264 Ramaria 49, 53, 72 subg. Echinoramaria 83 acutissima 53, 73 albocinerea 53, 73 cyanocephala 53, 75 formosa 69, 75 gigantea 53, 75 guianensis 53, 76 insigne 53, 76 pancarribaea 53, 78 zippelii 53, 81 Ramularia 240, 243, 248, 275, 305, 317- 318 agerati 295 ajugae 234, 247 var. ajugae-pyramidalis 247 areolata 273 batatae 309 camelinae 254 cassiicola 287 chorisiae 253 decipiens 307 dubia 268 fragariae 274 gossypii 273 [Ramularia] grevilleana 236, 274 grewiae-occidentalis 236, 275 heraclei 234, 277 var. apii-graveolentis 277 pastinacae 294 primulae 238, 300 rapae 253 richardii 239, 305 rumicis 239, 307 tozziae 247 tulasnei 274 var. fragariae-vescae 274 zinniae 240, 315 Ramulariopsis 240, 243, 319 gossypii 236, 273 Ramulispora 240, 243 herpotrichoides 239, 277 var. herpotrichoides 277 Rectipilus 49, 72 confertus 49, 74 Reddellomyces 390 donkii 379 magnisporus 379 parvulosporus 379 westraliensis 379 Resupinatus 72 Striatulus 69, 80 Rhabdospora pandani 139, 141 Rhagadostroma 34, 72 coccifera 34, 74 Rhizomorpha 66, 72 corynephora 66, 74 Rhizopogon 329, 345 Rhodoarrhenia 66, 72 pensilis 66, 78 Rhodocybe 56, 72 testacea 56, 80 Rhytidhysterion 13, 72 rufulum 13, 79 Rhytisma astrocaryi 69, 73 gyrosum 69, 76 myricae 69, 77 Rigidoporus 52, 72 microporus 52, 77, 327 ulmarius 52, 80 zonalis 52, 81 Rosellinia 72 mammiformis 69, 77 pandanicola 134-135 Russula 63, 72 hygrophytica 63, 76 moyersoni var. brunnea 63, 74, 77 violaceotunicata 63, 80 Rutstroemia 42, 72 519 Sacidium 72 mauritiae 69, 77 Sarawakus 31, 72 lycogaloides 31, 77 Sarcopodium 8, 72 Sarcoscypha harzsluszkia 378 Sarcosoma globosum 380 Schizochora pandani 134 Schizophyllum 54, 72, 81 commune 54, 74 umbrinum 54, 80 Scleroderma 66, 72 pandanaceum 136 sinnamariense 66, 79 verrucosum 136 Sclerotium hypocreaemorphum 138 Scolicotrichum graminis 273 Scutellinia 42, 72, 85 blumenaviensis 43, 73 Scytinostroma 328 duriusculum 323, 326-327 hemidichophyticum 323, 326, 328 odoratum 323, 326-327 rhizomorpharum 323, 326-328 Septobasidium 45, 72 leprieuri 45, 77 rhabarbarinum 45, 79 Septocylindrium areolatum 273 dissiliens 264 gossypii 273 virens 265 Septogloeum arachidis 296 laserpitii 294 manihotis 277 punctatum 303 septatum 294 Septonema vitis 314 Septoria 260 laserpitii 294 Septoriopsis pandani 139 Septosporium bolleanum 251 cerasorum 256 fuckelii 264 Sepultaria arenicola 378 foliacea 378 Seridium 357 Sesquicillium 8, 72, 85 520 {Sesquicillium] impariphiale 8, 76 nephrodes 129 Seynesia 16, 72, 128 Staheliomyces 65, 72 atkinsonii 127-128 cinctus 65, 74 erumpens 16, 75 Stegasphaeria 348 freycinetiae 128 Stemonitis 5, 72 Sinosphaeria 34, 72 fusca 5, 75 lasiacidis 34, 76, 84 pallida 5, 78 Sirosporium 209, 240, 245 splendens 6, 79 diffusum 234, 264 Stenella 201-202, 204, 208, 240, 245, 302 Solenopeziza canavaliae 204, 208-209 mellina 134 maesae 237, 283 Solheimia osyrina 201-202, 203 kamatii 138 psychotriae 233, 302 Spathularia shoreae 204 flavida 376 Stenellopsis 201, 206, 209 Spegazzinia 8, 72 fagraeae 206 deightonii 8, 75 nepalensis 201, 204-206 Sphaerella shorae 206 gossypina 272 shoreae 206 Sphaeria 69, 72 xeromphigena 206, 209 clivulosa 69, 74 Stereopsis 50, 72 fragariae 274 hiscens 50, 76. fur 126, 133-134 radicans 50, 79 fusariispora 69, 75 Stereum 54, 72 nitidula 69, 78 damaecornis 49 oedema 69, 78 fasciatus 325 pandani 130, 135 lobatum 54, 77 pandanicola 135 Stictis 72 profuga 126, 133 microsticta 69, 77 pseudobombarda 69, 78 subiculata 128 thaphidosperma 69, 79 variolosa 69, 80 schizostoma 69, 79 Stigmatea sulcigena 69, 80 cinereomaculans 135 trichodes 69, 80 pandani 135 uberina 69, 80 Stigmina 193, 233, 240, 244, 259, 280, Sphaeriodothis 287, 300, 321 merrilli 126, 128 briosiana 256 Sphaeropsis 72 caffra 236, 252, 279-280 pandani 132, 140-141 carpophila 238, 255 paradisiaca 69, 78 celastri 235, 256 Sphaerosporella cocculi 233, 235, 258, 262 brunnea 379, 384 curvispora 239, 263 Sphaerulina knoxdaviesii 233, 239, 271, 279-280 oryzina 291 liebenbergii 282 Sporidesmium 143 oblecta 234, 285-286 amygdalearum 256 palmivora 238, 293 freycinetiae 129 proteae 300 maclurae 187-188, 190 protearum Sporoschisma var. leucadendri 301 mirabile 127 var. protearum 301 Sporostachys 196 pulviniformis 239, 303 anceps 196 rauvolfia 282 maxima 195-197 rauvolfiae 281 Sporotrichum rhois 239, 305 oligocarpum 137-138 robbenensis 236, 306 Stachybotrys 126 verruculosa 311 breviusculus 129 Stigonema freycinetiae 129 minutissimum [Stigonema minutissima] f. lichenicolum 219 Stilbella 9, 72, 85 aciculosa 9, 73 aleuriata 9, 73 clavulata 9, 74 fusca 9, 75 Stilbophoma inaequalis 141 Stipitochaete 49, 72, 84 damaecornis 49, 75 reniformis 49, 79 Striatosphaeria 32, 72 codinophora 32, 74 Symphyrosita areolata 273 Synalissa symphorea 361 wrightii 366 Tapesia yallundae 277 Terfezia 380, 383 arenaria 380 leonis 380 claveryi 380 gigantea 380, 390 hispanica 380 leptoderma 380, 386 olbiensis 380 transcaucasica 389 Termitaria 9, 72 coronata 9, 74 Thamnomyces 38, 72 chordalis 38, 74 dendroideus 38, 75 rostratus 69, 79 Thaxteria 32, 72 leptosporioides 32, 77 Thaxterogaster 329 Theissenia 39, 72 pyrenocratia 39, 79 Thelephora 50, 72 aurantiaca 49 liliputiana 69, 77 nigella 69, 78 padinaeformis 54 speciosa 49 spectabilis 49 Thielavia neocaledoniensis 131, 135 Tirmania 378, 383 nivea 377 pinoyi 377 Torula dissiliens 264 fasciculata 469 macrotricha 138 Trametes 51-52, 72, 327 beyrichii 69, 73 cubensis 52, 74 elegans 52, 75 menziesii 52, 77 modesta 52, 77, 327 sagraeana 52, 79 versicolor 52, 80 villosa 53, 80, 327 Trematosphaeria 14, 72 confusa 14, 74 perrumpens 14, 78 Tremella 45, 72 aurantia 45, 73 fibulifera 45, 75 fimbriata 45, 75 lutescens 45, 77 tubercularia 45, 80 Tretospora 201, 208-209 himalayana 201, 206-208 indica 208 negrii 208 shoreae 208 Triblidium 66, 72 cruentatum 66, 74 pandani 135 Trichaptum 53, 72, 327 byssogeneum 53, 74, 327 perrottetii 53, 78 sector 53, 79 Tricharina 390 Trichia 6, 72 favoginea 6, 75 Tricholoma 64, 72 crassum 64, 74 Tricholomopsis 64, 72 atrogrisea 64, 73 Trichonectria 85 Trichophaea hazslinszkia 378 Trichosphaerella 32, 72 decipiens 32, 75 Trichosporum selenioides 196-197 Triscelophorus ponapenis 138 Trogia 61, 72 buccinalis 61, 74 cantharelloides 61, 74 Truncocolumella 340 Tryblidium pandani 135 | Tuber 227-232, 373, 386 aestivum 227-231, 372, 380, 388 albidum 380, 385, 388-389 asa 380 borchii 227-231, 380, 387 brumale 381, 388 521 S22 [Tuber] californicum 381 pandani 141 dryophilum 381 Vestergrenia excavatum 381 pandani 135 ferrugineum 382 Virgasporium foetidum 381 maculatum 304 gibbosum 381 Volutella 143 griseum 381 ciliata 138 hiromichii 381 mellea 138 levissimum 381 minima 138 macrosporum 381, 385 Volutellaris maculatum 381, 385 fuliginea 138 magnatum 227-229, 231-232, 381, 387 Volvaria melanosporum 227-231, 381, 387-388 pruinosa 136 mesentericum 382 Volvariella 63, 72 murinum 382 minutella 63, 77 nitidum 382 perciliata 63, 78 panniferum 382 Vuilleminia 123 puberulum 382 comedenti 121, 323, 325, 327-328 rufum 382 subglobispora 121-123 sinense 382 texense 382, 385 Wilcoxina 378, 390 Tubercularia 9, 72 mikolae 378 lateritia 9, 77 var. mikolae 378, 389 Tubeufia 14-15, 72 var. tetraspora 379 aurantiella 14, 73 rehmii 379 clintonii 14, 74 cylindrothecia 15, 75 Xenolophium 12, 73, 82 helicoma 15, 76 applanatum 12, 73 paludosa 15, 78 guianense 12, 76 pezizula 15, 78 pachythele 12, 78 roraimensis 15, 79 samuelsii 12, 79 scopula 15, 79 Xerocomus 340 Tubifera 5, 72 Xeromphalina 61, 73 bombarda 5, 73 tenuipes 61, 80 ferruginosa 5, 75 Xylaria 39, 68, 73, 81, 477 microsperma 5, 77 adscendens 39, 73 aenea 39, 73 Uncinula 209 allantoides 39, 73 Ungulina anisopleura 39, 73 spermolepidis apeibae 69, 73 var. pandani 136 aristata 39, 73 Uredo 66, 72 atrosphaerica 39, 73 freycinetiae 129 axifera 39, 73 scleriae 66, 79 berkeleyi 39, 73 Usnea 212 coccophora 39, 74 Ustulina 39, 72 collabens 69, 74 deusta 39, 75 columnifera 69, 74 Uvaricospora 9, 72 comosa 39, 74 lignicola 9, 77 compressa 39, 74 corniformis 39, 74 Valetoniella 32, 72 cubensis 39, 74 crucipila 32, 74 curta 39, 74 Valsaria 34, 72 dealbata 327 rubricosa 34, 79 enterogena 39, 75 Vararia 326 feejensis 40, 75 Venturia globosa 69, 76 borgiana 135 gomphus 69, 76 Vermicularia gracillima 40, 76 320 [Xylaria] grammica 40, 76 guianensis 40, 76 hyperythra 69, 76 hypoxylon 40, 76 ianthino-velutina 40, 76 kegeliana 40, 76 microceras 40, 77 multiplex 40, 77 myosurus 69, 77 obovata 40, 78 phyllocharis 40, 78 polymorpha 40, 78 pumila 40, 79 rhizocola 40, 79 rhizomorpha 69, 79 rhytidophloeus 40 ruginosa 69, 79 scopicola 40, 79 scopiformis 40 scruposa 40, 79 telfairi 40, 80 Xylobotryum 10, 73 andinum 10, 73 Xylocoremium 9, 73 Xylophallus 65, 73 xylogenus 65, 80 Xylosphaeria 39 Zebrospora bicolor 130 524 Reviewers, Volume Fifty-Seven The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have, prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers appearing in this volume: A. W. Archer G. L. Hennebert D. N. Pegler R. E. Beever E. Horak L-E, Petrin A. Berniccha B. Kendrick D. H. Pfister I. H. Chapela P. M. Kirk R. Péder J. Cifuentes Blanco ecb OL P. Reddell J>LsCrane E. Langer J. D. Rogers J. David G. Moreno L. Ryvarden E. Descals M. Moser A. Sivanesan I. J. Gamundi N. E. Nannega-Bremekamp J. Trappe R. D. Goos T. H. Nash N. Waipara B. Granetti A. Ortega M. J. Wingfield J. H. Haines M. E. Palm J. E. Wright R. T. Hanlin Publication Date Volume Fifty-Six MYCOTAXON for October-December 1995, 56: 1-512 was issued on November 24, 1995. eT ay che Hf Sipe BDITORS of MYCOTAXON JEAN BOISE CARGILL, Editor-in-Chief Harvard University Herbana, 22 Divinity Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Robert Dirig David S. Hthbett G. L. Hennebert index Editor Book Review Editor French Language Editor Bailey Mortorium, Mann Library Haivard University Herbaria UCL, Place Croix du Sud 3 Corneil Univ., bhaca, NY Cambridge, MA. B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve US. A. OOS. 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